Experiment 1 PID regulating of water level of a single water tank system

施工总平面布置Construction general layout 施工总平面布置(施工总体布置) construction general layout施工组织Consruction Programming施工组织设计construction planning施工坐标系（建筑坐标系）construction coordinate system湿化变形soaking deformation湿润比percentage of wetted area湿润灌溉wetting irrigation湿室型泵房wet-pit type pump house湿陷变形系数soaking deformation coefficient湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数(湿陷变形系数) coefficient of collapsibility湿周wetted perimeter十字板剪切试验vane shear test石袋honeycomb时均流速time average velocity时均能量time average energy时效硬化(老化) age hardening (ageing)时针式喷灌系统(中心支轴自走式系统) central pivot sprinkler system实测放大图surveyed amplification map实腹柱solid column实际材料图primitive data map实时接线分析real time connection analysis 实时控制real-time control实时数据和实时信息real time data and real time information实体坝solid dike实体重力坝solid gravity dam实物工程量real work quantity实验站experimental station实用堰practical weir示流信号器liquid-flow annunciator示坡线slope indication line示误三角形error triangle示踪模型tracer model事故failure (accident)事故备用容量reserve capacity for accident 事故低油压tripping lower oil pressure事故音响信号emergency signal (alarmsignal)事故运行方式accident operation mode事故闸门emergency gate事故照明accident lighting事故照明切换屏accident lighting change-over panel势波potential wave势流potential flow势能potential energy势涡(自由涡) potential vortex视差parallax视差法测距（基线横尺视差法）subtense method with horizontal staff视差角parallactic angle视准线法collimation line method视准轴（照准轴）coolimation axis试验处理treatment of experiment试验端子test terminal试验项目Testing item试验小区experimental block试运行test run试运行test run收敛测量convergence measurement收敛约束法convergence-confinement method收缩断面vena-contracta收缩缝(温度缝) contraction joint (temperature joint)收缩水深contracted depth手动[自动]复归manual [automatic] reset手动[自动]准同期manual [automatic] precise synchronization手动调节manual regulation手动控制manual control手动运行manual operation手工电弧焊manual arc welding首曲线（基本等高线）standard contour首子午线（本初子午线，起始子午线）prime meridian受油器oil head枢纽布置layout of hydroproject疏浚dredging输电系统transmission system输电线transmission line输入功率试验input test输沙量sediment runoff输沙率sediment discharge输水钢管steel pipe for water conveyance输水沟conveyance ditch输水建筑物water conveyance structure输水渠道water conveyance canal鼠道mole drains鼠道犁mole plough鼠笼型感应电动机squirrel cage induction motor竖井定向测量shaft orientation survey竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine竖井联系测量shaft connection survey竖井排水drainage well竖井式进水口shaf tintake竖轴弧形闸门radial gate with vertic alaxes 数字地面模型digital terrain model（DTM）数字化测图digitized mapping数字通信digital communication数字图像处理digital image processing数字仪表digital instrument甩负荷load dump (load rejection,load shutdown)甩负荷试验load-rejection test (load-shutdowntest)双层布置double storey layout双调节调速器dual-regulation governor双扉闸门double-leaf gate双回线double-circuit line双击式水轮机cross flow turbine,Banki turbine双极高压直流系统bipolar HVDC system双金属标bimetal bench mark双列布置double row layout双母线接线double-bus connection双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam双曲拱渡槽double curvature arch aqueduct 双室式调压室double-chamber surge shaft双吸式离心泵double-suction pump双向挡水人字闸门bidirectional retaining mitre gate水泵[水泵水轮机的水泵工况]的反向最大稳态飞逸转速steady state reverse runaway speed of pump水泵比转速specific speed of pump水泵并联扬程曲线head curve of parallel pumping system水泵参数与特性Parameters and characteristics of pump水泵串联扬程曲线head curve of series pumping system水泵的最大[最小]输入功率maximum[minimum] input power of pump水泵电动机机组Motor-pump unit水泵反常运行pump abnormal operating水泵工况(抽水工况) pump operation水泵工作点(水泵工况点) pump operating point水泵供水water feed by pump水泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of pump水泵机组pump unit水泵类型Classification of pumps水泵零部件Components of pumps水泵流量pump discharge水泵容积效率volumetric efficiency of pump 水泵输出功率output power of pump水泵输入功率(水泵轴功率) input power of pump水泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of pump 水泵水轮机Pump-turbine水泵无流量输入功率no-discharge power of pump水泵效率pump efficiency水泵扬程(水泵总扬程) total head of pump 水泵站Pumping Station水泵装置pump system水锤(水击) water hammer水锤泵站hydrauli cram pump station水锤波(水击波) wave of water hammer水锤波波速wave velocity of water hammer 水电站Hydroelectric Station水电站(水力发电站) Hydroelectric station (hydroelectric power station)水电站保证出力firm power, firm output水电站厂房(发电厂房) power house水电站厂房的类型Types of power house ofhydroelectric station水电站出力power output of hydropower station水电站出力和发电量Power and energy output of hydropower station水电站的水头、流量、水位Waterhead, discharge, water lever of hydropower station 水电站发电成本generation cost of hydropower station水电站发电量energy output of hydropower station水电站建筑物hydroelectric station structure 水电站经济指标Economie index of hydropower station水电站类型Types of hydroelectric station水电站引用流量quotative discharge of hydropower station水电站装机容量installed capacity of hydropower station水电站自动化automation of hydroelectric station水跌hydraulic drop水动力学Hydrodynamics水斗bucket水斗式水轮机(贝尔顿式水轮机) pelton turbine水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工建筑物的类别及荷载Classification and load of hydraulic structures水工建筑物级别grade of hydraulic structure 水工金属结构及安装Metal Structures and Their Installation水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞Hydraulic tunnels水工隧洞构造Components of hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞类型Classification of hydraulic tunnels水管冷却pipe cooling水柜water pool水环真空泵liquid ring pump水灰比water-cement ratio水窖(旱井) water callar(dry wall)水静力学Hydrostatics 水库并联运用operation of parallel-connected resertvoir水库测量reservoir survey水库串联运用operation of serial-connected reservoirs水库调度reservoir operation水库调度图graph of reservoir operation水库回水变动区fluctuating back water zone of reservoir水库浸没reservoir immersion水库控制缓洪controlled flood retarding水库库底清理cleaning of reservoir zone水库泥沙Reservoir sediment水库泥沙防治Prevention of sediment水库年限ultimate life of reservoir水库渗漏reservoir leakage水库水文测验reservoir hydrometry水库塌岸bank ruin of reservoir水库特征库容Characteristic capacity of reservoir水库特征水位Characteristic level of reservoir水库泄空排沙sediment releasing by emptying reservoir水库蓄清排浑clear water impounding and muddy flow releasing水库淹没补偿compensation for reservoir inundation水库淹没处理Treatment of reservoir inundation水库淹没处理范围treatment zone of reservoir inundation水库淹没界线测量reservoir inundation line survey水库淹没区zone of reservoir inundation水库淹没实物指标material index of reservoir inundation水库异重流density current in reservoir水库异重流排沙sediment releasing by density current水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake 水库淤积Sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积测量reservoir accretion survey水库淤积极限limit state of sedimentdeposition in reservoir水库淤积平衡比降equilibrium slope of sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积上延(翘尾巴) upward extension of reservoir deposition水库淤积纵剖面longitudinal profile of deposit in reservoir水库滞洪排沙flood retarding and sediment releasing水库自然滞洪free flood retarding水冷式空压机water-cooled compressor水力半径hydraulic radius水力冲填hydraulic excavation and filling水力冲填坝hydraulic fill dam水力冲洗式沉沙池hydraulic flushing sedimentation basin水力粗糙度hydraulic roughness水力粗糙区hydraulic roughness region水力共振hydraulic resonance水力光滑区hydraulic smooth水力机械Hydraulic Machinery水力机械与电气设备HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT水力机组hydropower unit水力机组测试Measurement and test for hydropower unit水力机组的安装和试运行Installation and starting operation of hydropower unit水力机组调节系统Regulating system of hydropower unit水力机组辅助系统Auxiliary system for hydropower unit水力开挖hydraulic excavation水力坡降(水力比降) hydraulic slope (energy gradient)水力破裂法(水力致裂法) hydro fracturing method水力侵蚀(水蚀) water erosion水力学Hydraulics水力要素(水力参数) hydraulic elements水力指数hydraulic exponent水力自动闸门hydraulic operating gate水力最优断面optimal hydraulic cross section水利工程经营管理management and administration of water project水利计算Computation of water conservancy 水利区划zoning of water conservancy水利枢纽hydroproject水利水电工程等别rank of hydroproject水利水电工程规划PLANNING OF HYDROENGINEERING水利水电工程技术术语标准Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering水工建筑物专业英语词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest，dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier，land pier变形模量deformation modulus鼻坎bucket lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanket非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring接触灌浆contact grouting接缝灌浆joint grouting截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam 抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring pier廊道gallery浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow 模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam 溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation 软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel 水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet 土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam趾板toe slab 支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment周边缝peripheral joint驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint施工缝construction joint反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete 接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete 二期混凝土secondary concrete 叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam马道bench；berm蜗壳volute水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary power house安装间erection bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator；ship lift鱼道fish canal旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest，dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier，land pier变形模量deformation modulus鼻坎bucket lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanket非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring接触灌浆contact grouting接缝灌浆joint grouting截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring pier廊道gallery浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow 模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone 铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam 溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation 软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel 水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet 土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NA TM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway 整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam 趾板toe slab支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment周边缝peripheral joint驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint施工缝construction joint反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete二期混凝土secondary concrete叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane 止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam马道bench；berm蜗壳volute水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary power house安装间erection bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator；ship lift鱼道fish canal旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall。

声波检测技术在区域漏水检测中的应用刘志强,　孙玉晶(北京埃德尔黛威新技术有限公司,北京100086) 摘　要:　从声学原理角度论述了供水管道漏水声波的产生、传播途径、特点及其在漏水检测中的应用。

介绍了供水管道检漏的基本方法和流程,并重点叙述了区域漏水监测系统在漏水检测中的应用及其特点。

关键词:　漏水检测;　连续性;　区域监测中图分类号:T U991.6 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1673-9353(2009)01-0047-03Appli ca ti on of son i c detecti n g techn i que i n reg i ona lwa ter leakage detecti onL iu Zhiqiang,　Sun Yujing(B eijing A lder D evelop m ent N e w Technology Co.,L td.,B eijing100086,Ch ina) Abstract:　The occurrence,s p read way of s onic in water supp ly p i peline,characteristics and app licati on in water leakage detecti on were discussed based on acoustic p rinci p le.Basic method and p r ocedure of investigati on f or water leakage detecti on were intr oduced,it als o f ocused on the app licati on and characteristics of regi onal water leakage monit oring and regi onal water leakage monit oring syste m. Key words:　water leakage detecti on;　continuity;　regi onal monit oring 在供水管道漏水检测中,声波检测技术目前已得到广泛应用,并且成为主要的检测手段。

法律法学论文夫妻忠实义务研究中英文资料对照外文翻译文献外文参考文献摘录：A Study on responsibility o f conjugal chastityKerry MutchW alton Centre NHS Foundation Trust,Fazakerley,Liverpool,United Kingdom.Marriage is unification in wedlock concerning both party’s right and responsi bility voluntarily arranged by men and women for the purpose of living t ogether permanently.In order to live t ogether happily and satisfactorily,mutually supporting is needed t o guarantee the affluence of physical life and mutual chastity to support the felicitousness of the spiritual life.Therefore,mutual chastity is a major factor to support the wedlock,which is also a focus of marriage law.During the revision of marriage law in2001,the debate over the responsibility of mutual chastity was the mos t appealing issue.After intense arguing,finally the article“the spouses shall maintain mutual chastity”was listed in the revised marriage law. However the ar gument over mutual chastity of the spouses has never stopped,mo r e issues concerning it are still needed to be further studied.The thesis tries t o investigate and review the mutual responsibility of conjugal chastity systematically.In order to study the subject systematically,the historical,sociological,comparative law,empirical,dynamic and static analysis appr o aches by which the historical development of conjugal chastity、jurisprudential analysis of it and present regulation on it are observed and reviewed,are employed in the research.The thesis consists of four chapters.ChapterⅠ,which is composed of three subchapters,observes the mutual responsibility of conjugal chastity from the perspective of its historical development.In SubchapterⅠexplains the exact connotation of chastity andascertains the definite meaning of responsibility of conjugal chastity further.The basic meaning of chastity is loyal to each other,which connotes that the hus b and and wife shouldbe faithful t o one another n o t only in their acts bu t also in mental communication as well.Keywords:marriage responsibility o f conjugal chastity spouse spouse’s right divorceHowever,the mental communication is no t the regulating target of law,thus the conjugal chastity only d e no t es mutual loyalty in their sexual life and denies extramarital sex from the angle of marriage law.In SubchapterⅡ,the author observes and studies the awareness and responsibility of conjugal chastity under the primitive、slavery、feudal and the contemporary society irrespectively.After that the author has commented on the changes of attitudes towards the conjugal chastity in the Chinese marital legislation.During the investigation into the conjugal chastity in the pr olonged history,the author found that the regulation on responsibility of the conjugal chastity was implied by two major line,that is,the evolution from inequality bet w een men and women to the equality betw een the both;and the regulation on it thr ough statutory r emedy by private right instead of the interference by public power.Simultaneously,the linkage betw een the development,evolution of mutual responsibility of conjugal chastity and those of human marriage life and the changes of the viewpoints on conjugal relations,sexual morality and sex awareness are deeply connected.In SubchapterⅢ,the author mainly observes the influence of the changes of conjugal love,attitudes towards family and sex upon the viewpoint over conjugal chastity in contemporary China.As the wheels of history rolls on,the human’s viewpoint over the sexual morality and sex awareness has been changing all the time.As the inflation of individualism and liberalism in mos t capitalist countries,the previous exclusive love attitudes has been replaced by the non-interference of mutual freedom.At the s a me time the viewpoints of the judicial circle and judicature have c han ge d mo r e or less by the contemporary thought, therefore the strict rule has been loosened.According t o the previous research,the author claims that when we restructures the mutual responsibility of conjugal chastity in marriage legislation in our country,the changes of contemporary conjugal love,attitudes towards family and sex should be investigated and taken into account.In the following part the author has looked into the changes in present China in detail,and some personal opinions t o themare also released.On the basis of the study above,t he author holds that the responsibility of conjugal chastity is closely related with conjugal relationship,in regar d t o the influence of awareness of conjugal love、family and sex upon the responsibility of conjugal chastity,two aspects should be considered,that is,on the one hand,the changes should no t be ignored,in the design of responsibility of conjugal chastity,the old r oute to recover the adultery law and punish the adulterers had been discarded by the Age,and public power exploited in the punishment of extramarital sex should be cautious;On the other hand,the changes of viewpoints to marriage and family upon the conjugal love have never undermined the stable cornerstone of family structure in the Chinese society that is because the values of marital morality under the back gr ound of Confucian culture have always been supporting the Chinese marriage firmly.Some social surveys show that the sex concerning extramarital sex, especially that has gravely undermined the stability of families,the attitudes of our people are clear,i.e.,they oppose the extramarital sex.In the western countries,whereas,after the disastrous experiment of“sex revolution”,the slogans of“returning family”and“faithfu lness is fundamental to conjugal love”are back to be reused.Thus writing the responsibility of conjugal chastity into law can be considered the pr omotion of faithfulness in conjugal love, that is the inner voices of the people at home and abroad.China should g et integrated into the world trend,learn from the lessons of foreign countries and no t recover the old way of “serious results getting from excessive freedom of sex”in the West,thus our marriage law can be made as a new symbol of our socialist marriage and family.ChapterⅡ,consisting of three subchapters,is the jurisprudential analysis over responsibility of conjugal chastity.At the beginning of SubchapterⅠ,the author holds that the responsibility of conjugal chastity is the essence of marriage.The responsibility of conjugal chastity is the natural demand of marriage,which is also an e mbo dime n t of the exclusivity of conjugal sex and the demand of social nature of marriage.In our socialist society,monogamy is the requisite demand of the responsibility of conjugal chastity,which is a vigorous safeguard of monogamy as well.Then, the author analyses the juristic value of the entry of responsibility of conjugal chastity into law,the major reason of which is that the responsibility of conjugal chastity is alwaysconsidered as a good virtue.The safeguard of responsibility of conjugal chastity,in essence,could be r egar ded as the protection and pr omotion of justice by nation.The responsibility of conjugal chastity embodies the humanistic solicitude of law.The humanistic solicitude towards responsibility of conjugal chastity is such a proposition essentially,that is,the regulation and bound of the marital life of people by law is t o lead them t o live a safe、happy and satisfactory marital life, which can connect the individuality of man with the social nature of man intrinsically; Therefore,certain harmonies from the equilibrium of interests betw een individuals and society may be reached,and the value of man can be elevated.SubchapterⅡmainly observes and reviews the juristic identification of the natur e of responsibility of conjugal chastity.At first,the author holds that the responsibility of conjugal chastity is a derivative right of spouse’s right,which is a basic right of dignity betwee n the hus b an d and wife formulated by law.The maintenance of wedlock is b as e d on two elementary conditions,that is,the responsibility of cohabitation and being loyal t o each other.Therefore the responsibility of conjugal chastity,a derivative right fro m the spouse’s right,becomes the core of spouse’s right.And the characteristics of the responsibility of conjugal chastity are generalized in detail thereinafter.In the following part of this subchapter,the author concludes that the responsibility of conjugal chastity inevitably has the nature of right of personality.Though the responsibility of conjugal chastity has dual natures of right of personality and right of dignity,they should be distinguished.Right of dignity is the basic natur e of the responsibility of conjugal chastity,whereas, right of personality is the attaching nature of the responsibility of conjugal chastity.In SubchapterⅢ,the author makes a comparative law research on the responsibility of conjugal chastity and the other related rights.Firstly,the author analyzed the relationship betw een the responsibility of conjugal chastity and the right of sexual fr eedom from different perspectives. And then the relationship betw een the responsibility of conjugal chastity and privacy is being observed and analyzed.In chapterⅢ,the author mak es a reflection on the responsibility of conjugal chastity in reality and some suggestions are also br ought up for the future legislation on this subject.After further study the author holds that the responsibility of conjugal chastitymay be regulated by morality,b u t the regulation by law should no t excluded,and the private natur e of conjugal relation should be taken into account simultaneously.After that,the judicial regulation on the responsibility of conjugal chastity is analyzed. At the final part,the author brings up some suggestions on the legislation of the responsibility of conjugal chastity in the future,that is,(1)the setting up of the definition of spouse’s right;(2)taking adultery as a statutory reason for divorce;(3)in the compensation for damages arisen from divorce,adultery should be considered as a statutory reason in the lawsuit of compensation for damages in divorce and change the“no-fault party”term into“victim”. Furthermore,the compensation for damages shall be n ot only applied to divorce by lawsuit bu t also to registry divorce and the scale of compensation for damages should include property and spiritual damages.ChapterⅣis a prospect of the future research on the responsibility of conjugal chastity.Though the thesis is a tentative study on the responsibility of conjugal chastity,the target of it is clear,i.e.,all the efforts made in this thesis is trying to perfect the marital legislation and a spur t o induce mo r e better ideas br ought up by academia.外文参考文献译文：夫妻忠实义务研究克里马奇沃尔顿中心琥珀酰亚胺信托基金会，扎克雷，利物浦，英国婚姻是男女双方以永久共同生活为目的，依法自愿缔结的具有权利义务内容的结合。

英语多喝水的作文Title: The Importance of Hydration: Drink More Water。

In our fast-paced lives, amidst the hustle and bustle, one thing that often gets overlooked is the simple act of staying hydrated. Yet, this seemingly small action plays a monumental role in our overall well-being. Let's delve into why drinking more water is crucial for our health and vitality.First and foremost, water is the essence of life. Our bodies are composed of about 60% water, and every system depends on it to function properly. From regulating body temperature to aiding digestion and nutrient absorption, water is involved in virtually every bodily function. When we don't drink enough water, we risk dehydration, which can lead to a myriad of health issues, including fatigue, headaches, and even more severe complications.Moreover, staying hydrated is essential for cognitivefunction. Research has shown that even mild dehydration can impair cognitive performance, affecting our mood, concentration, and overall mental clarity. So, if you find yourself feeling sluggish or struggling to focus, it might be time to reach for that glass of water.Furthermore, hydration is vital for maintaining physical performance and endurance, whether you're an athlete or simply enjoy staying active. When we exercise, we lose water through sweat, which needs to be replenished to prevent dehydration and optimize performance. Proper hydration ensures that our muscles and joints stay lubricated, reducing the risk of cramps and injuries during physical activity.Beyond the immediate benefits, drinking more water also supports long-term health. Adequate hydration is linked to a lower risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, kidney stones, and urinary tract infections. By keeping our bodies well-hydrated, we can help prevent these conditions and promote overall longevity.But how much water should we actually be drinking? While the "eight glasses a day" rule is a good starting point, individual hydration needs vary based on factors such as age, weight, activity level, and climate. A better approach is to listen to your body's signals. Thirst is a clear indicator that your body needs more water, so don't ignore it. Additionally, paying attention to the color of your urine can provide insights into your hydration status. Pale yellow urine is a sign of adequate hydration, while dark yellow or amber urine may indicate dehydration.Incorporating more water into your daily routinedoesn't have to be a daunting task. Start by carrying a reusable water bottle with you wherever you go, making it easier to sip throughout the day. Set reminders on your phone or computer to prompt you to take water breaks regularly. Experiment with infusing your water with fruits or herbs for added flavor, making hydration more enjoyable. And remember, other beverages like herbal tea and coconut water can also contribute to your daily fluid intake.In conclusion, the benefits of drinking more water areundeniable. From supporting physical and mental performance to safeguarding long-term health, staying hydrated is essential for thriving in all aspects of life. So, let's raise a glass to hydration and make it a priority to keep our bodies happy, healthy, and hydrated. Cheers to a well-watered life!。

摘要我国水厂从七十年代开始应用集中巡检，到八十年代随着工业水平的提高和计算机技术的发展，自动控制技术发展得很快。

随着自动控制技术的广泛应用，大城市的水厂自动化生产程度较高，但中小城市水厂尤其是老水厂自动控制系统配置相对落后。

本论文在分析和比较了国内外供水自动控制系统的发展现状和特点的基础上，结合我国中小城市供水厂的现状，设计了一套以变频调速技术为基础的恒压供水计算机监控系统。

该系统综合运用计算机技术、变频调速技术以及自动控制技术，实现了恒压供水的参数整定自动控制，保证了随时供水系统维持在最佳运行状况。

论文对计算机控制系统中的上下位机之间的串行通信进行了分析和研究，运用组件技术和多线程技术开发了串行通信控件，在自定义通信协议的基础上设计了相应的串口通信程序，实现了上位机和可编程序控制器之间的实时通讯及远程控制功能。

并在此基础上研制开发了一套用于供水系统的信息管理及监控系统软件，分析了软件设计中的总体结构设计、数据库设计、数据处理软件设计等的实现。

现场调试和运行表明，该系统能够对供水过程进行自动控制，能够有效地降低能耗，提高生产管理水平。

监控系统安装维护方便，运行稳定、可靠；监控软件功能齐全，人机界面友好，使用方便。

关键词：供水系统串行通信信息管理 PLCAbstractCentralizing scout of waterworks is started to apply in 70s in our country. In the 1980s, with the development of industry and computer technology, automation technology is progressed fast. With the widely applications of automation technology, the automatic degree of waterworks in city is much higher than the correspondence in town. Especially in some old waterworks, the equipment of automatic control system is dropped behind.On the basis of analyzing and comparing the development and characteristic of domestic and overseas automatic system of water supply, combined with status in quo of the waterworks in our country, this paper designs a suit of computer controlling system based on variable frequency speed-regulating technology. Through using computer technology, variable frequency speed-regulating technology and automation technology, the system can make the water pressure of water supply system constantly by the way of parameters self-tuning. It assuredly makes the water supply system work on all cylinders.Through analyzing and researching on the serial communication between host computer and PLC of computer control system, a serial communication control is developed base on control technology and multithreading technology. Serial communication program is developed base on the custom communication protocol, the function of real time communication and remote control between host computer and PLC is realized. On the basis of these programs, a information management and real time supervisory control software of water supply system is developed. At the same time, it analyzes the design of frame, database, data management and so on. The realization of these programs is also introduced.The Operation and experiment demonstrates that the system make the work of water supply automated in some degree. It is good for energy saving and improving the management of waterworks. It’s also facility to mount and maintain, reliable to operating, and precise to supe rvise and control. The supervisory control software has abundant functions, kind interface and convenience to using.Key Word：Water supply system, PLC, Information ManagementSerial Communication目录第一章变频调速恒压供水系统的现状和发展 (1)1.1 变频调速恒压供水的目的和意义 (1)1.2 变频调速和编程软件概述 (6)1.2.1 变频调速技术的特点及应用 (6)1.2.2 可编程序控制器的特点及应用 (9)1.3 毕业设计任务及要求 (11)第二章变频调速恒压供水系统工作原理 (13)2.1 系统的工作过程 (14)2.2 变频调速的节能调速原理 (16)2.3 变频调速恒压供水工况分析与能耗机理分析 (19)2.3.1 管路水力损失与性能曲线 (19)2.3.2 水泵工作点的确定和调节 (20)2.3.3 水泵变频调速节能分析 (21)2.3.4 调速范围的确定 (24)2.4 本章小结 (24)第三章系统软件设计与实现 (26)3.1 系统监控软件总体结构设计 (27)3.1.1 数据采集与通信 (29)3.1.2 设备状态控制 (30)3.1.3 数据管理 (31)3.2 数据库设计 (32)3.2.1 数据库设计的原则 (32)3.2.2 数据库的建立 (33)3.3 监控软件结构设计 (36)3.4 本章小结 (37)第四章上位机与PLC与的串行通信 (38)4.1 上位机与PLC与的串行通信 (38)4.1.1 串行通信 (39)4.1.2串行通信接口标准 (41)4.2 通讯参数设置和通讯测试界面 (44)4.2.1 通讯参数设置 (45)4.2.2 通讯测试界面 (46)4.3 PLC通信程序设计 (46)4.3.1 PLC网络通信协议 (46)4.3.2 PLC通信程序设计 (49)4.4 上位机通信模块设计 (56)4.5本章小结 (56)全文总结 (57)参考文献 (59)致谢 (60)第一章变频调速恒压供水系统的现状和发展1.1变频调速恒压供水的目的和意义近年来我国中小城市发展迅速，集中用水量急剧增加。

托福阅读完全没必要逐字分析托福阅读完全没必要逐字分析。

时间很重要，在托福阅读中就更加重要。

所以不需要逐字逐句的将托福阅读弄懂，很多时候，即使遇到陌生的词，根据上下文甚至自己的一些常识，也不会影响对文章的理解。

一起来看看下文吧!托福阅读完全没必要逐字分析科学的托福考试方法关于阅读方法本文只是对在有限时间内有效阅读托福文章的方法进行一个简单的介绍。

阅读技巧，特别是速度技巧中，有两个重要的方法：Skimming&Scanning.Skimming是只看主要大意的速读。

一篇文章的大意是有重点的。

比如，当出现first second的这种归类总结的地方，或because，as a result这样的因果关系，或是 but，however的语意转折处，都需要格外留心。

托福文章讲述主要观点之后通常会有for example来佐证，如果看懂了主要观点，那么对示例所用的时间和精力就不需要太多了。

Skimming的技巧在第一遍阅读文章意图抓住文章大意时是非常重要的。

Scanning是“扫描”，但具体到阅读中，大家最熟悉的莫过于查词典时。

在有意识地去查某个生词的时候，我们不会去把它所在的页上每一个字都看一遍才找到想要的。

几乎眼睛对词典中的一页扫一下，脑中只有要找的字，看到它，其他的地方都像没有看到一样。

在托福的阅读中，scanning的技巧在回答问题时，根据题干中问到的内容，在文章中scan，可以帮助考生准确地定位，找到答案。

以上两种是在托福阅读中最常用也是最有效的技巧。

托福的文章长度大多在300-400字之间。

以平均每篇读10分钟计算，按照每分钟阅读150字的速度，一篇文章从头到尾通读，至少需2-3分钟。

这可了解文章的大意，但不一定保证读得透彻。

在第一遍通读的过程中，考生不要期望每个字都一定要理解，遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思，这样会浪费时间的。

只需一直往下看，用前面介绍到的skimming原则，掌握文章的主旨即可。

水油分离实验英语作文Title: Experiment on Oil-Water Separation。

Oil-water separation is a crucial process in various industries, including environmental protection, wastewater treatment, and oil refining. In this experiment, we aimed to understand the principles behind oil-water separation and explore different methods to achieve efficient separation. 。

Firstly, we set up a simple experiment using a mixture of oil and water in a transparent container. The oil and water were mixed thoroughly to form an emulsion. We observed the emulsion under different conditions to analyze the factors affecting the separation process.To facilitate the separation, we introduced several methods:1. Gravity Separation: This method relies on thedensity difference between oil and water. We allowed the mixture to stand undisturbed for a period of time, during which the oil floated to the top due to its lower density, while the water settled at the bottom. This process, known as sedimentation, demonstrated the basic principle of gravity separation.2. Centrifugation: In this method, we used a centrifuge to accelerate the separation process. By spinning the mixture at high speeds, centrifugal force acted on the components, causing the denser water to move towards the outer edge while the lighter oil remained in the center. Centrifugation proved to be a rapid and effective technique for separating oil and water.3. Coalescence: We also explored the use of coalescing agents to enhance the coalescence of oil droplets, promoting their aggregation and facilitating separation. By adding a coalescing agent to the emulsion, we observed the formation of larger oil droplets, which facilitated their removal from the water phase.4. Filtration: Filtration involves passing the emulsion through a filter medium to separate the oil and water phases. We used a filter paper with fine pores to trap the oil while allowing the water to pass through. This method proved useful for removing small oil droplets from the emulsion.Throughout the experiment, we monitored the separation process and analyzed the efficiency of each method. We observed that factors such as temperature, agitation, and the concentration of contaminants influenced the effectiveness of oil-water separation techniques.In conclusion, oil-water separation is a complex process that can be achieved through various methods, including gravity separation, centrifugation, coalescence, and filtration. Understanding the principles behind these techniques is essential for addressing environmental challenges and ensuring efficient industrial processes.。

Water is an essential element for life on Earth,and its importance cannot be overstated.It is vital for the survival and wellbeing of every living organism,including humans,animals,and plants.Here are some key points highlighting the significance of water:1.Biological Necessity:Water is a fundamental component of all living cells.It is necessary for various biological processes,including digestion,circulation,and temperature regulation.2.Hydration:Water is crucial for maintaining hydration levels in the body.Dehydration can lead to fatigue,dizziness,and even more severe health issues if not addressed.3.Agriculture:Water is the backbone of agriculture.It is used for irrigation to grow crops, which are the primary source of food for the worlds population.4.Ecosystem Health:Freshwater ecosystems,such as rivers,lakes,and wetlands,are critical habitats for a wide range of species.The health of these ecosystems is dependent on the availability of clean water.5.Industrial Processes:Water is used extensively in various industrial processes, including manufacturing,cooling systems,and as a solvent for many chemical reactions.6.Sanitation and Health:Clean water is essential for sanitation,which helps prevent the spread of diseases.It is also necessary for personal hygiene and maintaining overall health.7.Climate Regulation:Water plays a significant role in regulating the Earths climate.It absorbs and releases heat,which helps to moderate temperature fluctuations.8.Recreation and Leisure:Water bodies provide opportunities for various recreational activities such as swimming,boating,and fishing,contributing to the quality of life.9.Economic Value:Water is a valuable resource for economic activities,including tourism,fishing,and waterbased energy production,such as hydroelectric power.10.Cultural Significance:Water has deep cultural and spiritual significance in many societies,often symbolizing life,purity,and renewal.11.Sustainability:The sustainable management of water resources is critical to ensure that future generations can also benefit from this precious resource.12.Conservation Efforts:With the increasing demands on water resources,conservation efforts are essential to prevent overuse and depletion of water sources.In conclusion,water is a multifaceted resource that supports life in countless ways.Its importance extends beyond mere survival to the very fabric of our societies and ecosystems.It is our collective responsibility to protect and manage this resource wisely for the benefit of all.。