优秀中考专题复习形容词和副词
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初中英语中考语法:形容词和副词总结归纳本章要点:1.形容词的用法。
2.副词的用法。
3.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级和同级比较。
4.与形容词副词有关的其他知识点。
语法点分述:一、形容词用法1.形容词的位置与顺序a。
形容词充当的成分形容词可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
例如:___(表语)She is a good student。
and she works hard。
(表语)___(定语)b。
形容词的顺序形容词的顺序为:限定词、外观(大小、长短和高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)、材料、颜色、国籍。
主观在前,客观在后。
例如:一件昂贵的俄国产的棕色皮大衣一条可爱的丹麦的小美人鱼One day they crossed the old Chinese ___.一根爷爷传给我的长长的棕色的波斯木纹手杖a。
特殊形容词的位置特殊形容词修饰不定代词时放在后面。
例如:I had ___ that there would be nothing us because it was fairly common for an old man to catch illness。
(fairly为特殊形容词)well、ill等表达健康状况、情感类形容词只作表语,不做定语。
例如:He is an ill man.(定语)He is ___.(表语)二、副词用法副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。
例如:___(修饰动词)___(修饰形容词)___(修饰副词)Fortunately。
___(修饰整个句子)三、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级和同级比较形容词和副词的比较级通常在词尾加-er,最高级通常在词尾加-est。
例如:fast。
faster。
fastestbeautiful。
more beautiful。
most beautiful同级比较则使用as…as结构。
例如:She is as smart as her sister.四、与形容词副词有关的其他知识点其他知识点包括:形容词的转化、副词的修饰范围等。
形容词和副词用法总结及练习一、形容词:(一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常分成两类:1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。
例如:afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, awake, ashamed, alike。
其他常见表语形容词:worth, ready, sorry, well(二)形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。
1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。
一般规则为:(限定词)→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→(名词)。
如:There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.2)【重点】当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。
如:The boy interested in music is my brother. Do you have anything interesting to tell us?二、副词:(一)概念:用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。
例如:not(不),here(这里),now(现在)。
不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。
如:Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语)He will arrive before ten o’clock. (介词,before ten o’clock 是介词短语,作时间状语)(二)副词的种类1、时间副词:1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了!2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前: She often changes her mind.3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
中考英语专项复习之形容词和副词形容词的用法一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,不能做定语修饰名词,所以又称为表语形容词,这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。
例如:afraid,asleep, awake,alone等。
形容词的其他分类方式1. 品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如:The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。
You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。
2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。
3 合成形容词:warm-hearted 热心的,heart-breaking 令人心碎的hard-working(二)形容词的用法:形容词在句中主要可用作:1)定语:What a fine day! red apple 红苹果2)表语:She looks happy.3)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语):We find it easy to finish the work.We’ll try our best to make our school beautiful.4)状语:He arrived home, hungry and tired.他又饿又累的回到家里。
(三)5)连系动词+形容词he felt happy.15个例子不用背,但要抄下来,反复看。
例:Jim is more careful than Mary.(是仔细的)2.smell “闻起来”例:The dish smells delicious.(闻起来美味的)3.taste “尝起来”例:The soup tastes good.(尝起来好的)4.sound “听起来”例:The music sounds beautiful.(听起来优美的)5.look “看上去”例:You look tired today.(看上去疲劳的)6.seem “似乎是”例:Mr. Wang seems angry.(似乎是生气的)7.feel “感觉”例:Are you feeling well now?(感觉身体好的)8.become “变成”例:The teacher became angry with Jim.(变得生气的)9.get “变成”例:In spring the weather gets warmer.(变得暖和的)10.t urn “变成”例:Her face turned red.(变成红色的)11.g o “变成” 例:The food in the box went bad.(变成坏了的)12.c ome “变成”例I think my dream will come true.(变成真实的)13.f all“变成”例:Yesterday Jim fell ill and didn’t go to school.(变得生病的)14.k eep “保持某种状态”例:We should take exercise to keephealthy.(保持健康的)15.s tay “保持某种状态”例:I’d like to stay healthy.(保持健康的)以上15个动词只有表示所给意思时才是连系动词。
形容词和副词命题趋势:形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类,主要用来修饰名词或代词。
对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面:1.形容词的比较等级;2.形容词词义辨析;3.形容词短语搭配。
纵观近年各地市中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。
在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。
副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。
从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。
所占分值通常为2~4分。
从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。
中考考查重点:一、形容词词义辨析;二、形容词短语搭配;三、副词的基本用法;四、副词的分类;五、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。
考向一:形容词的分类考向二:形容词的句法功能【2020•山东滨州市】—It's very important for us to keep________.—You are right.We should learn how to protect ourselves when we're in trouble.A.rapidB.safeC.luckyD.social【答案】B【解析】句意:——对我们来说保证安全是很重要的。
——你是对的。
当我们遇到麻烦时,我们应该学会保护自己。
考查形容词辨析。
rapid迅速的;safe安全的;lucky幸运的;social社会的。
分析句意并结合“We should learn how to protect ourselves when we're in trouble.”可知,此处强调当我们遇到麻烦时,我们应该学会保护自己,即保证安全。
故选B。
考向三:副词的基本用法副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
►We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。
中考复习之形容词、副词(一) 知识概要形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。
下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。
而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下:much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。
其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。
英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下:原级比较级最高级Tall taller tallest 加er,或estyoung younger youngestlarge larger largest 只加r或stnice nicer nicestfat fatter fattest 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音big bigger biggest 字母时双写该字母加er、esthot hotter hottest不规则变化的形容词或副词:原级比较级最高级good better bestWell better bestbad worse worstbadly worse worstmany more mostlittle less lestfurther farthest furthestold Older elder Oldest eldest注意:1.许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。
2.有些形容词则要经过一定变化转为副词,其规律如下:一般加ly :如Careful-carefully Kind- kindly末尾是y时将y变成i加ly如:Happy-Happily easy- easily busy-busily其他:true-truly full- fully terrible-terrible possible-possiblyShy-shyly whole-wholly在学习过程中要注意其变化。
( .. .(.(月中考 专题复习 形容词和副词形容词一、形容词的作用与位置一.形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置:..........⑴作定语时放在名词的前面。
形容词修饰名词。
如:a big yellow wooden Chinese ship 一个黄色的大型中国木船)★前置形容词(作定语)的顺序为:冠词+描述性形容词(pretty/ugly/kind 等)+表特征形容词(大形新年色)+专属形容词(国籍等)+材料 +名词⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后,构成系表结构。
如:The idea sounds great连系动词主要有:be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound (听起来), smell(闻起来),taste (尝起来), feel (感到,摸起来).⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。
如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean★ keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词(作宾补)⑷后置的情况:①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如:Something serious has happened to him 他发生了严重的事故)②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。
如:He’s metres tall .(他身高米。
)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth 球离地 38 万公里)二.注意:形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:1 修饰 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing, one 等 nobody absent, everything构成的复合不定代词时2以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置4和空间、时间、单位连用时5成对的形容词可以后置6形容词短语一般后置possiblethe best book available,the only solution possiblethe only person awakea bridge50meters longa huge room simple and beautifula man difficult to get on with二、常见考点1.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如,the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(误)2.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder.(误)3.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的4.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的english-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。
中考专题复习——形容词和副词考点布置:单项选择、完形填空、词语运用考点内容:形容词、副词的词义辨析,形容词的比较级以及一些固定搭配等【一览无余】形容词、副词的位置形容词是用来修饰说明名词的,一般放在名词前作定语或系动词之后作表语一个细心的女孩2.The girl is (careful,carefully)当形容词修饰由any,some,no构成的复合代词时,一般只能后置3.一些重要的事4.我的收音机有点问题副词(ⅰ)是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子的,一般放在动词后或句首作状语。
如:5.He is reading (认真得)。
6. (luck),no one was hurt.(ⅱ)enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置。
如:7.你够上学的年龄了(ⅲ)表示时间、频率的副词always,often,usually,never等常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词的后面,行为动词的前面。
如:8.他总是帮助别人He is always helping others.9.他总是来得很早【牛刀小试】1. The girl's voice sounds________. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up.A. sweetB. sweetlyC. beautifully2. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining____________.A. badlyB. hardlyC. probablyD. heavily3. That lady is a vegetarian(素食主义者). She _______ eats meat.A. oftenB. sometimesC. seldomD. usually【一览无余】二、形容词、副词级的构成1、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。
a)直接加er,est :small-smaller-smallest,cold-colder-coldest;b)以不发音的字母e结尾的词加r,st : large-larger-largest,late-later-latest;c)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est:wet—wetter-wettest,thin-thinner-thinnest;d)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est : busy-busier-busiest,happy-happier-happiest.(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.(以ly结尾的副词,除early外,比较级、最高级均用more、most)butiful-more beautiful-most beautiful difficult- more difficult-most difficultearly-earlier-earliest3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好;(身体)好的,bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的;更most最多的;最much许多的(不可数);非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的;远地farther更远的;更远地farthest最远的;最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)三、比较级、最高级用法副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法和形容词的原级、比较级、最高级用法法基本相同。
以下主要以形容词的用法为例进行讲解。
比较级用法讲解1. 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”。
e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。
This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。
注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。
其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。
e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.北京的天气比广州的天气冷。
2. 表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。
e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins.Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。
3. 表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。
e.g.It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。
4. 表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。
e.g.The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.我们越是在一起,就越开心。
【牛刀小试】1.She played the piano ________ than we had thought.A.successful B.successfully C.more successful D.more successfully2. —What does your cousin look like now?—Oh, he is much ________ than before.A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.too strong3. The busier he is, the ________ he feels.A.happily B.happy C.happier D.more happy4. Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework ________.A.more carefully B.more carelessly C.more careful D.more careless 【一览无余】最高级用法讲解1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。
形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。
e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。
2. .表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。
e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。
3. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。
e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河。
4. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。
=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。
=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。
=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。
牢记下列结构:比较级+than+any other+单数名词all the other+复数名词anyone/anybody elseany of the other+复数名词the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词【牛刀小试】1、—What do you think of the football match?—Wonderful. They have played ________.A.best B.better C.worse D.worst2、—Who’s ________ basketball player in China now? It is Yao Ming?—No. It’s Sun Mingming.A.tall B.taller C.the tallest D.the taller3、Beijing, the capital of China, is one of ________ cities in the world.A.the biggest B.bigger C.much bigger D.big【牛气冲天】1.—He is slow in studying. I wonder how he could get good results in the exam.—No wonder he is always ________.A.lively B.hard-working C.kind-hearted D.helpful2.It has a strange smell in your room. You’d better keep the window ________.A.open B.opens C.closes D.closed3.Will you please speak ________? I’m afraid I can’t follow you.A.loudly B.pleasantly C.slowly D.easily4. Do you believe some special dogs can do things ________ man?A.as good as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as careful as5. .I don’t like this kind of TV shows because they’re ________?A.boring B.wonderful C.interesting D.beautiful6. In winter the day is ________ than it is in summer.A.short B.shorter C.shortest D.the shortest7. Mary felt ill on Monday, and ________ the following day, so she went to see a doctor. A.badly B.worse C.worst D.more ill8. The fish smells ________. You mustn’t eat it.A.nice B.heavy C.quick D.terrible9. The fish smells ________. You mustn’t eat it.A.nice B.heavy C.quick D.terrible10. Don’t worry. Your grandma will get ________.A.well and well B.better and better C.well and better D.good and well 【一览众山小】【2011呼和浩特】12. —Wha t do you think of Tom’s speaking?—No one does in our class.A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best【2011四川达州】26.—Up to now the Chinese Communist Party(中国共产党)has nearly history.—Yes, it was founded July 23rd, 1921.A. 90 years; atB. 90-year; inC. 90-years; ofD. 90-year; on11. The bag of rice is heavy for Tom to carry. Let’s go and help him.A. tooB. soC. very【2011雅安】6. The woman is very busy so she ________ watches TV.A. oftenB. alwaysC. seldomD. almost答案:C【【2011广东深圳】9. —The doctor told me____ too much but I find it difficult.—The doctor is right. The less you drink, ______ you will be.A. don't drink; the healthierB. not to drink; the healthierC. not to drink; the more healthierD. don't drink; healthier答案:B【2011广西南宁市】29. Oxford University is ________ with tourists for its beautiful old buildings.A. differentB. famousC. specialD. popular29. 答案:D【2011广西南宁市】33. Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people ________.A. friendlyB. lovelyC. happilyD. lively【2011雅安】11.—Which month has ______ days in a year?—February.A. fewB. littleC. the leastD. the fewest 【2011雅安】12. His grandparents live ____ in a small house, but they don’t feel _______.A. lonely; aloneB. alone; lonelyC. lonely; lonelyD. alone; alone 【2011凉山】( )25.—What a careful boy you are!—Thank you. In fact, Tom does everything ___ than me.A. more carefullyB. more carefulC. much careful【2011凉山】( ) 22. Mom bought ____ oranges for me, but I’d like to drink some ________.A. many; orangesB. much; orangeC. many; orange【2011广西崇左】36—Dad ,how can I get on well with my xlassmates?—Try to be friendly to them .That will make it much____.A.easilyB.more easilyC.easyD.easier【2011黑龙江齐齐哈尔】( )27. Li Kai jumped in the long jump. He won the game. A. longest B. farthest C. highest【2011泰州】5.—Who is suitable for the new chairperson of the Students’Union?—David is. He is ______ enough to come up with new ideas.A. imaginativeB. humorousC. modestD. outgoing 【2011重庆江津】() 25.I think these cards are than those cards.A. niceB. nicerC. nicestD. the nicest【2011山东菏泽】23. —Which city is your favorite?—Hangzhou, of course. It’s the _____place that I want to visit.A. worseB. worstC. better D .best答案D【2011四川乐山】26. —Do you often go fishing with your father?—No, _______. I don’t like fishing at all.A. neverB. alwaysC. usually【2011四川乐山】28. —Susan, you know what? We can have a dog!—Great! But I prefer to have a cat. It is much _______ to look after.A. easyB. easierC. easiest【2011浙江台州】19. —It’s going to rain. Let me fetch an umbrella for you.—Thank you!You are so .A. luckyB. kindC. relaxedD. interesting【2011山东泰安】29. —Which do you like , summer or winter?—I prefer summer.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best【2011浙江杭州】18. –Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? –Not at all. I can’t have ______.A. a worse oneB. a better oneC. the worse oneD. the best one【2011浙江金华】21.—It's so cold today.—Yes, it's colder than it was yesterday.A.someB.moreC.veryD.much【2011重庆】31. The more you smile, the _______ you will feel.A. happyB. happierC. happilyD. more happily答案B【2011浙江丽水】24.In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money_________ during the Spring Festival.A. finallyB. luckilyC. simplyD. especially【2011浙江丽水】28.Everybody should remember it is not _________ to swim in the river alone.A.healthy B. safe C.possible D.comfortable【2011山东临沂】28. Stay away from junk food, please. It’s bad for us,_________ for children!A. recentlyB. especiallyC. probablyD. nearly【2011广西贵港】40.—Whose home is ______ away from school in our class?—Liu Mei’s.A. fatherB. farC. the farthestD. near。