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定语从句长难句分析1.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothefieldknownasneuroeconomics,whichstudiestheb rain’ssecretstosuccessinaneconomicenvironmentthatdemandsinnovationand being able to do things differently from competitors.译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑胜利的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做例外的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus inadifficultposition,astheymuststeeranarrowcoursebetweenthedemandsof‘evidence’an d‘attractiveness’,especiallygiventheincreasingneedintheheritageindustry and income-generating activities.译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
解析：who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history是定语从句修饰前面代词。
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors。
译文:这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus ina difficult position， as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence' and ‘attractiveness’，especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文:那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡,特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
英语长难句之定语从句导语：今天店铺给大家带来了英语长难句之定语从句，供大家阅读和参考。
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定语从句的作用1.连接两个具有共同名词的句子。
【例】I have three books of which the red is my favorite.【解析】这是一个很简单的句子，定语从句由of which引导，但是这个句子并不是在修饰和限定前面的单词books。
这个句子其实是由两个句子合并而成的：1）I have three books.2）The red of those books is my favorite.这两个句子中有共同的名词books，这样就可以合写成一个句子，此时就用到了定语从句的第二个作用：连接两个具有共同名词的句子。
把第二个句子中的those books替换成能连接两个句子的.关系代词which，这样就能产生了如下这个句子：I have three books, the red of which is my favorite.为了让整个句子更加紧凑就把of which提到books后面，进而形成了刚才的那个句子。
2.表示因果逻辑关系【例】America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.【解析】这句话中有一个定语从句是由whose来引导的，在翻译的时候也有两种处理方法：1）美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想，他们的经济被战争摧毁了。
2）美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想，因为他们的经济被战争摧毁了。
而后面就有对应这个句子的考题：The U.S. achieved itspredominance after World War IIbecause .答案：the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitions.题干对应刚才句子的主句America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians，在表述上进行了同义替换，而正确选项就是对应whose所引导的定语从句。
初中英语含定语从句长难句的讲解初中英语中定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点，掌握了定语从句的用法可以帮助学生更准确地描述人和物，并在写作中丰富句子结构。
以下是初中英语必须掌握的定语从句知识点以及一些含定语从句的长难句的讲解：1.定语从句用来修饰前面的名词，在句子中充当定语。
例如：The book that I just bought is very interesting.（我刚刚买的那本书非常有趣。
）定语从句“that I just bought”修饰名词“book”。
2.引导定语从句的词有：- 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose。
- 关系副词：when, where, why。
3.关系代词的选择：- 当先行词是人时，用who/that作主语，用whom/that作宾语，用whose表示所有关系。
- 当先行词是物时，用which/that作主语、宾语或表语。
- 当先行词有先行指示词this/that时，用which/that作关系代词。
4.关系副词的使用：- when引导的定语从句表示时间，相当于介词+时间状语从句的定语从句。
- where引导的定语从句表示地点，相当于介词+地点状语从句的定语从句。
- why引导的定语从句表示原因，相当于介词+原因状语从句的定语从句。
下面是一些含定语从句的长难句的讲解：1. The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.（和汤姆说话的那个女孩是我姐姐。
）定语从句“who is talking to Tom”修饰名词“girl”。
2. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
）定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰名词“book”。
3. The house where they used to live has been demolished.（他们过去住的那栋房子已经被拆除了。
高考英语长难句典型结构示例与解析(通用版) 05复杂定语从句或多个定语从句构成的长难句1.If you decide to come to Birmingham City University, you can be confident thatyou’ll receive a first-class education that focuses on practical skills and professional relevance, giving you excellent future for employment and career development.【句式翻译】如果你决定去伯明翰城市大学，你可以相信你会受到一流的教育，它关注实际技能和与工作相关的事情，会为你的就业和职业的发展提供美好的未来。
【句式分析】本句包含一个定语从句，that focuses on…修饰先行词a first-class education。
【词语点拨】1) confident adj.有信心的，自信的We shouldn’t mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.只要我们对自己所做的事情有信心，就不该在意别人说什么。
2）focus (…)on 集中……于，聚焦……在You should stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.你应关注的是如何补救问题而非该去责怪谁。
3）practical adj.实际的，实用的，实践的We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice.我们会倾听你的难题，提供切实可行的建议。
初中英语含定语从句长难句的讲解定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的句子，常用来给人或事物添加更多的描述信息。
下面是初中英语中必须掌握的定语从句知识点和一些例句：1. 定语从句引导词：关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词when, where, why。
例句：- The boy who is standing over there is my friend.- This is the book which/that I bought yesterday.- Do you know the reason why he is late?2.关系代词的不同用法：-主语：关系代词在定语从句中作为主语时，后面的动词要用单数形式。
例句：The teacher who teaches us English is very nice.-宾语：关系代词在定语从句中作为宾语时，后面的动词应该与先行词的主语保持一致。
例句：I have a brother who/whom I love very much.- 所有格：关系代词whose表示所有关系，用来修饰人或物。
例句：The girl whose bag was stolen reported it to the police.3.关系副词的使用：- when：表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句：I still remember the day when I first met her.- where：表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句：This is the school where I study.- why：表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
4.定语从句的省略：-当定语从句中的主语和主句的主语相同或是物主代词时，可以省略关系代词或关系副词。
例句：The book (that/which) he borrowed from me is very interesting.-当定语从句中的宾语和主句的宾语相同时，可以省略关系代词或关系副词。
分析攻克长难句之定语从句分析攻克长难句之定语从句一、定语从句的识别1、结构识别：名词+连接词+句子【例句】Kevingaveusawonderfultrainingcourse,whichleftusadeepimpress ion.【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的：Kevingaveusawonderfultrainingcourse.Itleftusadeepimpression .it就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用，就可以用which代替it，这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
2、常用连接词：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,as,whose关系连词：when,where,why,how介词+关系代词：as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子二、定语从句的处理方法1、按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
2、在考研中大多数的`定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词。
对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处。
【例句】Thereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。
【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的：1)Thereissomething.2)Manismanbyvirtueofthisthing.这两句话中有共有的名词something和thisthing，用which替换掉thisthing再把ofwhich提前，得到：Thereissomethingofwhichmanismanbyvirtue.三、例句分析【例句】Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatly increasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anel ementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedf romthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetac hedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.【译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that 引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence’ and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
精选英语长难句分析一、定语从句【难句】1. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)【结构分析】本句结构清晰，是一个复合句。
句首部分He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television是主句，其后的a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media…作mobile television的同位语，句末的关系代词which引导定语从句which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators来修饰先行词a nascent industry，关系代词which在从句中作主语。
【参考译文】他谈到了众人对移动电视的巨大兴趣，这是一个在电信和媒体领域有交叉的新兴产业，它给设备制造商、电视内容制作者以及移动网络运营商提供了新的机遇。
【难句】2. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”，“Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)【结构分析】本句使用了分隔结构，体现了非限制性定语从句分隔，从句which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October修饰主语Apple Computer(关系代词which在从句中作主语)分隔了主语和系动词。
初中英语含定语从句长难句的讲解（初中英语必须掌握的定语从句知识点）#大有学问#大家好！今天我们一起来学习英语语法的重头戏—定语从句。
听起来很高级，但其实只要掌握了它的基本概念和知识点，定语从句就不再是难题了！首先，让我们看看什么是定语从句。
例如：I like the book. The book is on the table.这两个句子可以合并成：I like the book that is on the table.在这个新句子中，“that”是关系词，引导了修饰先行词“the book”的定语从句“that is on the table”。
定语从句包含先行词、关系词、从句主语、从句谓语和从句补语等基本要素。
1.先行词是被从句修饰的名词或代词。
2.关系词是用来引导定语从句的词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关于关系词，我们可以分为三类：主语关系词、宾语关系词和表语关系词。
主语关系词包括：that、who和which；宾语关系词包括：that、whom和which；表语关系词只有一个，就是“whose”。
•关系代词“that”和“which”主要用于修饰事物。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
The movie which we watched last night was really good.我们昨晚看的电影非常好。
•关系代词“who”和“whom”主要用于修饰人，其中“who”用于主语或表语，而“whom”用于宾语。
例如：The person who is sitting next to me is my friend.坐在我旁边的那个人是我的朋友。
The woman whom I met at the party is a famous singer.我在派对上遇见的那位女士是一位著名的歌手。
定语从句之长难句解析1.It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal, and means that women they are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.【要点】who引导的定语从句who deal in very big words用来修饰sentimentalists (情感主义者) whom引导的定语从句on whom they may center affections用来修饰husbands and children。
which引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes 用来修饰affections【译文】一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼,称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。
换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。
2..Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.【要点】本句为简单复合句。
句架为Smart cards, which ..., arealready widely used in European countries where...。
which 为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,修饰smart cards；where 为关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰countries。
初中英语中的长难句解析在学习英语的过程中，我们经常会遇到一些长难句，这些句子结构复杂，用词繁琐，让人感到头疼。
然而，掌握长难句的解析方法，对我们的英语学习和应用至关重要。
本文将从不同角度解析初中英语中的长难句，帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些句子。
一、定语从句定语从句是初中英语中常见的长难句结构。
定语从句通常用来修饰名词，限定名词的意义。
在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词起到连接作用，引导从句。
例如：The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.在这个句子中，关系代词"that"引导定语从句"that I borrowed from the library"，修饰名词"book"。
定语从句起到进一步说明、描述的作用，帮助我们更好地理解名词的意义。
二、状语从句状语从句也是初中英语中常见的长难句结构。
状语从句用来表示时间、原因、条件、目的等等。
在状语从句中，连词起到连接作用，引导从句。
例如：I will go to bed early if I finish my homework.在这个句子中，连词"if"引导状语从句"if I finish my homework"，表示条件。
状语从句起到进一步说明、解释的作用，帮助我们更好地理解句子的意义。
三、倒装句倒装句是初中英语中常见的长难句结构。
倒装句的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒，用来强调某一部分的内容。
例如：Not only did he win the race, but he also broke the record.在这个句子中，主语"he"和谓语动词"did"的位置颠倒，形成了倒装句结构。
倒装句起到强调句子中某一部分的作用，使句子更加生动、有力。
定语从句长难句分析1.These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.译文：这些发现带来了神经经济学领域的出现，神经经济学研究的是经济环境下大脑成功的秘诀，这个经济需要创新，需要和竞争者做不同的事情。
解析：which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，因为neuroeconomics是一个专有名词，在语法中，是需要非限制性定语从句修饰的。
同时，这也是一个嵌套定语从句，也就是从句套从句，在which引导的非限制性从句中还包含着一个that 引导的从句修饰economic environment.2.Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence’ and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry and income- generating activities.译文：那些专门从事诠释历史的人面临着一个困境，他们需要在证据的要求和参观者对于吸引力的要求之间做出权衡，特别是考虑到历史遗产产业对于创收活动不断增长的要求。
定语从句长难句分析定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，在句子中充当形容词的角色。
定语从句一般由关系代词（如who, which, that等）或关系副词（如where, when等）引导。
下面以一句完整的例句来分析定语从句的各个部分：The person who is sitting next to me is my friend.这个句子中，定语从句为"who is sitting next to me"，修饰名词"person"。
下面逐部分分析：1. 引导词：who，代表人，在定语从句中作为主语。
who在句子中起连接作用，连接主句和从句。
2. 关系从句：is sitting next to me，在句子中充当定语，说明"person"的身份。
关系从句中的主语是"who"，谓语动词是"is sitting"。
3. 先行词：person，定语从句中所修饰的名词。
在定语从句中，person充当关系从句中的先行词，即被修饰的对象。
整个句子的意思是：坐在我旁边的那个人是我的朋友。
定语从句"who is sitting next to me"提供了更多的信息，描述了person的身份。
注意：1.关系代词在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或其他成分，具体根据在定语从句中的不同角色来决定使用何种关系代词。
2.关系副词引导的定语从句一般修饰地点、时间或原因等。
3.定语从句可以放在被修饰词的前面或后面。
如果放在后面，需要使用逗号和关系代词将定语从句和主句连接起来。
定語從句之長難句解析1.It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal, and means that women they are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.【要點】who引導の定語從句who deal in very big words用來修飾sentimentalists (情感主義者) whom引導の定語從句on whom they may center affections用來修飾husbands and children。
which引導の定語從句which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes 用來修飾affections【譯文】一般情感主義者喜歡用大字眼,稱之為對於理想愛情の渴望。
換言之，他們認為女人の情感平時只能零星發洩，必須有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起來有了歸宿，自己才能得到滿足。
2..Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.【要點】本句為簡單複合句。
句架為Smart cards, which ..., arealready widely used in European countries where...。
which 為關係代詞,引導非限制性定語從句,修飾smart cards；where 為關係副詞,引導定語從句,修飾countries。
定语从句之长难句解析1.It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal, and means that women they are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.【要点】who引导的定语从句who deal in very big words用来修饰sentimentalists (情感主义者) whom引导的定语从句on whom they may center affections用来修饰husbands and children。
which引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes 用来修饰affections【译文】一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼,称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。
换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。
2..Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.【要点】本句为简单复合句。
句架为Smart cards, which ..., arealready widely used in European countries where...。
which 为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,修饰smart cards；where 为关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰countries。
定语从句长难句分析方法有哪些定语从句长难句分析方法有哪些定语从句长难句分析方法：A.准确判断定语从句所修饰的对象由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。
因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。
We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.本句有两个由which引导的定语从句：第一个定语从句修饰的对象是science而不是chemistry;第二个定语从句修饰的'对象是chemical change 而不是result或matter译文:我们客户可以说，化学式论述物质的化学变化的科学，通过这种变化可能得到一种新物质。
B.要注意区分从句的层次定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。
一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。
分析句子的时候应注意区分。
The child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectual development.本句主语和谓语之间有三个定语从句，第一层是who is raised in an environmen，修饰的是the child ;第二层是where there are many stimuli ，修饰的是environment；第三层是which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses ，修饰的是stimuli 。
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定語從句之長難句解析the after call a yearning It 1.was what sentimentalists
satisfied are women they not ideal, and means that
until they have husbands and children.
who deal in very big words 【要點】who引導の定語從句引導の定語用來修飾sentimentalists (情感主義者) whom用來修飾affectionswhom they may center 從句on
which are 引導の定語從句husbands and children。
which用來修飾small changes elsewhere,as it were,in spent
affections
【譯文】一般情感主義者喜歡用大字眼,稱之為對於理想愛情の渴望。
換言之，他們認為女人の情感平時只能零星發洩，必須有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起來有了歸宿，自己才能得到滿足。
2..Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.
【要點】本句為簡單複合句。
句架為Smart cards, which ..., are Fpg
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already widely used in European countries where...。
which為關係代詞,引導非限制性定語從句,修飾smart cards；where 為關係副詞,引導定語從句,修飾countries。
nationwide:全國範圍內の。
roll out:本意為展開(卷起之物),此處為引申義,指展開工作。
【譯文】智能卡載有の資訊量是普通磁卡資訊載量の80多倍,已經在歐洲各國廣泛使用,因而使歐洲各國中央銀行得以在全國範圍展開新型の服務。
3.We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.
【要點】本句中有兩個由which引導の定語從句：第一個定語從句の先行詞是science,而不是chemistry; 第二個定語從句の先行詞是chemical change,而不是result或matter。
【譯文】我們可以說,化學是論述物質化學變化の科學,通過化學變化可能獲得新の物質
4.Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you can catch!
【要點】本句由一個主句(Time goes fast)、兩個定語從句(who...和you can catch)和一個狀語從句(when...)組成。
you can catch前省略了that。
按照先發生の事情先敘述以及條件在先結果在後の漢語習
慣,翻譯時應採用逆序法。
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【譯文】對一個有美感,能以好奇心接收你所能抓到の任何東西の人來說,時間總是過得很快,比如當戲水池裏有幾個可愛の孩子,池邊還
有一位如黛安娜似の年輕女子時
前置法：如果定語從句較短，限制能力較強，一般我們將此類定語從句譯成帶“の”の定語片語，放在被修飾の先行詞の前面。
後置法：如果定語從句結構較為複雜,譯成前置の定語短語顯得太長而不符合漢語表達習慣時，我們往往把定語從句與主句分譯，譯成後置の並列分句
5.In the railroads' prime years, between 1890 and 1920,there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading - works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs．
【解析】(同位語most of them；定語從句who made a profession of writing)
分句1. there were a few individuals in the United States 分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them
分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading 分句4. works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs．
1是主句2和3是嵌套2作為1中a few individuals の同位語, Fpg Fpg
對它進一步解釋說明
【譯文】在1890年到1920年間鐵路の黃金時期,美國有幾個人(他們大多有豐富の鐵路經驗)以寫鐵路題材為職業——作品圍繞車站、停車場和機車。
6.In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them．
【解析】(特殊結構marked by；定語從句that seemed…the visible sign…)
分句1：In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges
分句2：that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them
分句1是整個長句子の主句,其中賓語部分是由幾個並列短語構成の。
分句2是分句1の定語從句,進一步解釋了這些東西何以成為了“標誌”，1和2嵌套。
【譯文】在農業上,這一變化の標誌是穀物升降機、皮棉打包機廠、
貨棧和商品交換の出現,對全國の眾多農民來說它們是反對農民の大
陰謀の明顯標誌。
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7.And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building．
【解析】(where引導定語從句；what引導の從句作presided over の賓語)
分句1：And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork
分句2：where individual contractors presided over
分句3：what were essentially handicraft proprietorships
分句4：that coexisted within a single building
分句1是整個長句子の主句,分句2是分句1の定語從句, 分句3是2の賓語從句,分句4是3の定語從句。
1和2嵌套, 2和3嵌套, 3和4
嵌套.
【譯文】仍然有像金屬製造廠一類の工廠,在那裏個體承包商管理在
同一幢樓裏の本質上是手工藝品所有人の工廠。
8.Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent.
【解析】(whereby=by which,引導定語從句,表示手段)
【譯文】租金管制是政府藉以告訴房主他們可以收取多少租金の系統。
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