江苏省扬州中学2016—2017学年度上学期开学考试高二英语试题一、单项选择（共25分，每题1分）1. After graduation from high school we will reach a point we have to decide which university to attend.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. Where2. Despite the fact they lacked food, the explorers continued towards the goal.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether3. From his ________ look, we could see that the professor hadn’t expected that we could raise such _________ questions to him.A. confusing; confusingB. confused; confusedC. confusing; confusedD. confused; confusing4. A warm thought suddenly came to me________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.A. ifB. whenC. thatD. which5. —It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all _______to help.—That’s right. Many hands make light work.A. hesitateB. reachC. volunteerD. Enjoy6. The reason _________ he gave for his being away for such a long time is _________ his mother was ill.A. why; thatB. that; thatC. that; becauseD. why; because7. When and where we’ll hold the meeting ________ not been decided yet.A. hasB. isC. haveD. Are8. The visitors looked quite _________ by the beautiful view at the top of Mount Tai.A. tiredB. impressedC. worriedD. puzzled9. Sophie_______ to me, “Martin is said to be related to the murder. ”A. shoutedB. criedC. laughedD. whispered10. My father is __________to come to my house for this winter.A. likelyB. possibleC. probableD. perfect11. After a heavy ads campaign, our market share has increased ___15% ___ 60% in Asian market .A. with, toB. to, byC. at, aboveD. by, to12. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player _____________.A. of all timesB. of all the timeC. of all the timesD. of all time13. You can't imagine ____ boy can do _____ work .A. so little, so muchB. such little, such muchC. so little a, such muchD. such a little ,so much14.The doctor ____ me to spend several days at the seaside, so that I’ll ____ soon. DA. considered; hold upB. hoped; bring upC. suggested; take upD. advised; pick up15. All through history, big changes have taken place in ________ English language, especially when Henry IV became ________ King of England.A. the; theB. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. an; 不填16. We have dealt with a large part of the problems, and the rest ________ by you.A. remains to solveB. remains to be solvedC. remain to be solvedD. remain to solve17. Some of the members demanded to know why they had been kept ______ the true facts until they reached the present critical stage.A. in ignorance ofB. in the light ofC. in honor ofD. in view of18. A new iPhone costs about of a second-hand one.A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the price19. ---Where did you come across your old classmate Jane?---It was in the supermarket _________ she worked _________ I came across her.A. where; whenB. that; whenC. that; thatD. where; that20.The government is discussing the problem right now. It will ______ have been solved by the end of next month.A. eagerlyB. hopefullyC. immediatelyD. gradually21. ---Why! I couldn’t get you on t he phone this morning.---We ____tennis in the yard when you phoned me.A. could be playingB. must be playingC. must have been playingD. should have played22. —I didn’t know your telephone number in Paris; otherwise, I you.—Oh, I would rather you me.A. would have called; had calledB. would ring; callC. would have called; calledD. would ring; had called23.－Mary, how did your Math test go?－I had thought I _________, but in fact I came in the top 10 in my class.A.should have failedB.couldn’t have failedC.might have failedD.shouldn’t have failed24. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. mightB. mustC. wouldD. should25. — I promise her daughter ____ get a nice present on her birthday.— Will it be a big surprise to her?A. shouldB. mustC. wouldD. Shall二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）When I was about five years old, I used to watch a bird in the skies of southern Alberta from the Blackfoot Blood Reserve in northern Montana where I was born．I loved this bird; I would 26 him for hours．He would 27 effortlessly in that gigantic sky, or he would come down and light on the 28 and float there beautifully．Sometimes when I watched him, he would not make a sound and liked to move 29 into the grasses．We called him meksikatsi, which in the Blackfoot language 30 “pink-colored feet”; meksikatsi and I became very good friends．The bird had a very particular significance to me 31 I desperately wanted to be able to fly too．I felt very much as if I was the kind of person who had been born into a world where 32 was impossible．And most of the things that I 33 about would not be possible for me but would be possible only for other people．When I was ten years old, something unexpected 34 my life suddenly. I found myself become an 35 child in a family I was not born into; I found myself in a 36 position that many native Americans find themselves in, living in a city that they do not understand at all, not in another culture but 37 two cultures．A teacher of the English language told me that meksikatsi was not called meksikatsi, even though that is what 38 people have called that bird for thousands of years．Meksikatsi, he said, was really “duck”．I was very 39 with English．I could not understand it．First of all, the bird did not look like “duck”, and w hen it made a 40 , it did not sound like “duck”, I was even more 41 when I foundout that the meaning of the verb “to duck” came from the bird．As I 42 to understand English better, I understand that it made a great deal of 43 , but I never forgot that meksikatsi made a different kind of meaning．I 44 that languages are not just different words for the same things but totally different 45 , totally different ways of experiencing and looking at the world．26．A．keep B．watch C．follow D．search27．A．jump B．dive C．circle D．wander28．A．nest B．hill C．water D．road29．A．quickly B．naturally C．freely D．quietly30．A．means B．reads C．shows D．states31．A．though B．because C．while D．until32．A．communication B．imagination C．belief D．flight33．A．dreamed B．worried C．knew D．argued34．A．improved B．enriched C．changed D．ruined35．A．educated B．adopted C．outgoing D．independent36．A．weak B．comfortable C．terrible D．central37．A．between B．against C．without D．beyond38．A．most B．few C．their D．my39．A．desperate B．bored C．uncomfortable D．disappointed40．A．noise B．call C．decision D．choice41．A．ashamed B．confused C．embarrassed D．frightened42．A．tried B．came C．determined D．expected43．A．evidence B．distinction C．profit D．sense44．A．identified B．confirmed C．realized D．predicted45．A．concepts B．regulations C．messages D．evaluations三、阅读理解（共30分，每题2分）AFrench surgeons have performed what they said on Wednesday was the world's first partial face transplant--- giving a new nose, chin and lips to a woman attacked by a dog.Specialists from two French hospitals carried out the operation on a 38-year-old woman on Sunday in the northern city of Amiens by taking the face from a brain-dead woman, who had hanged herself just hours before the operation. Her family agreed on the operation.“The patient is in an excellent state and the transplant looks normal,” the hospitals said in a brief statement after waiting three days to announce the pioneering surgery.The woman had been left without a nose and lips after the dog attacked her last May, and was unable to talk or chew properly. Such injuries are “extremely difficult, if not impossible” to repair using normal surgical techniques, the statement said.The statement did not say what the woman would look like when she had fully recovered, but medical experts said she was unlikely to resemble the woman who had been the source of her new face.The operation was led by Jean-Michel Dubernard, a specialist from a hospital in Lyon who has also carried out hand transplants,Skin transplants have long been used to treat burns and other injuries, but operations around the mouth and nose have been considered very difficult because of the area's high sensitivity to foreign tissue.Teams in France, the United States and Britain had been developing techniques to make face transplants a realityThere was a short-term risk for the patient if blood vessels became blocked, a medium-term danger of herbody rejecting the new skin and a long-term possibility that the drugs used could cause cancers.Experts say that although such medical advances should be celebrated, the transplant had thrown up moral （道德的）and ethical(伦理的)issues. Little is known about the psychological effect of the transplant.46. The best title for the passage would be ________.A. First Face Transplant Opens DebateB. French Woman has First Partial Face TransplantC. A Complete Face Transplant of a French WomanD. Risks and Ethical Problems of a Face Transplant47. Which of the following is NOT one of the risks of the operation?A. Heart damage.B. Organ rejectionC. Block of blood vessels.D. Side effect of the drugs48. What can we learn about the operation?A. There has arisen a debate about the operation.B. The woman had used the dead woman' s whole face.C. The woman will suffer from psychological damage soon.D. Such transplants have been performed by doctors.BThe largest campaign of killing rats in history is set to poison millions of rats on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Scientists say the campaign planned for 2013mand 2014 will restore beautiful South Georgia to the position it once held as the world’s most important nesting sites for seabirds.It was sailors in the late 18th century who unintentionally introduced rats to what had been a fresh environment. “If we can destroy the rats, at least 100 million birds will return to their home on South Georgia,” says Tony Martin, a biology professor at the Universit y of Dundee who was invited to lead the project.South Georgia is by far the largest island to get rid of animals that destroy native wildlife after being introduced deliberately or accidentally by people. Though rats and mice have done the most damage, cats, foxes, goats, deer, rabbits and other species have been targeted in the campaigns around the world.South Georgia is seven times the size of New Zealand’s Campbell Island, currently the largest area ever killing rats. The successful war against Campbell Island rats was carried our in 2001 with 132 tons of poison dropped from five helicopters.“New Zealand pioneered the techniques for ridding islands of rats and in fact our operation on South Georgia is based on New Zealand’s technology.” Says Martin. “S ome New Zealanders will be helping our campaign, including our chief pilot, Peter Garden, who was also chief pilot for the projects at Campbell Island and Rat Island, in the Aleutian chain of the north Pacific.”The second and third stages in 2013 and 2014 will involve dropping as much as 300 tons of poison from the air onto every part of the island where rats might live. It is a huge operation, carried out during the stormy southern autumn when the rats are hungry and the risks of poisoning native wildlife are less than in the spring and summer months. “Ideally we’d do in winter but the weather makes that too risky,” Martin says.The ecological payback will be priceless. But Martin says, “The full benefits will take decades to arrive, because some of these bi rds are slow to hatch.”49. According to the passage, how did the rats appear on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia ?A. They were introduced there by sailors accidentally.B. They escaped there from Campbell Island.C. They were attracted there by wildlife.D. They were brought in by people deliberately.50. Which of the following is True about Peter Garden ?A. He is in charge of the campaign on the sub-Antarctic island.B. He will be the only pilot for the project on the sub-Antarctic island.C. He will benefit a lot from the campaign on the sub-Antarctic island.D. He made great contributions to the project at Campbell Island and Rat Island.51. The operation of ridding South Georgia of rats is to carried out in autumn because _________.A. the war against Campbell Island rats failed in all seasons except autumn.B. only then do the New Zealanders to help the operation have the spare time.C. the poison kills rats more effectively than it does in any other season.D. rats then need more food and the operation does less harm to native wildlife.52. What can we infer from the passage?.A. Rats aren’t the only species to be blamed for the disappearance of wildlife.B. The campaign of killing rats will benefit the native wildlife in a short time.C. The first stage of killing rats on the sub-Antarctic island didn’t make great achievements.D. The campaign in South Georgia will fully follow in the footsteps of that on Campbell Island.CAustralia has promised to introduce the most comprehensive （全面的）carbon trading program outside Europe in 2010. The government in Canberra plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions (排放) by at least five percent by 2020, but it could make bigger reductions if other countries agree to tougher targets.The Australian government warns that without tough environmental measures the country could lose key industries and jobs. Climate Change Minister Penny Wong says the economy is under threat and decisive action is needed.Central to the government’s climate change plan is a carbon emissions trading program that will be introduced within two years. It would involve one thousand of the nation’s biggest companies and would cover about three-quarters of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions.Many scientists believe that greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, contribute to global warming. Many of them are released by burning fuels such as coal and oil.Companies will be required to buy permits for each ton of carbon they emit, although big polluting exporters will receive up to 90 percent of their carbon licenses free.Many business leaders want the government to delay the plan because of the current global financial crisis, which is slowing the Australian economy. Peter Anderson from the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry says it is irresponsible to bring in a carbon trading plan now.Environmentalists, on the other hand, say Prime Minister Kevin Rudd has not properly addressed the threat of climate change. Activists had sought a minimum emissions cut of 25 percent.Instead, the Rudd government aims to cuts carbon emissions by at least five percent of 2000 levels by 2020. That amount could rise to 15 percent, if future global agreements set such a target.Ray Nias of the environmental group WWF says Austral ia will pay the price for low targets. “This is a deeply, deeply disappointing target,” Nias said. “It commits Australia to long-term climate change. It will make Australia’s ability to negotiate (协商) global agreements very, very difficult. It is much lower than even we had imagined.”Australia has one of the highest per-person greenhouse emissions rates in the world because of its reliance on coal for electricity.Some scientists warn that the vast, dry Australian continent, which has been suffering a series of droughts in recent years, could be one of the region’s hardest hit by global warming.53. Which group supports to cut carbon emissions by at least 25%?A. EnvironmentalistsB. The governmentC. Business leadersD. Scientists54. Who most probably agrees to a higher goal of carbon emissions?A. Penny WongB. Peter AndersonC. Kevin RuddD. Ray Nias55. Many business leaders are against the Australian program because________.A. they believe the program will only benefit the big companiesB. they believe the program will cause the global warmingC. they don’t want to pay extra money for carbon emissionsD. they don’t think carbon emission will surely cause the global warming56. The underlined sentence means_________.A. The Australian government will be blamed for the low targetB. Australia will suffer a lot from climate change caused by carbon emissionsC. The Australian government will have to spend lots of money on carbon emissionsD. Many Australian companies will close down because of the low targetDThere was good news last week for people who struggle to get eight hours of sleep a night: they may not need so much shut-eye after all.Researchers from UCLA and elsewhere looked at sleep habits of remote hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia — groups with pre-industrial lifestyles whose sleep patterns are believed to reflect those of ancient humans. The researchers found that, on average, members of each group sleep a bit less than six and a half hours a night.The study, published in the academic journal Current Biology, indicates that “natural” sleep is less than eight hours a night and that modern society’s numerous electronic distractions (分心) aren’t necessarily to blame for people getting just six or seven hours of sleep.“The story that often gets out is that if you sleep for less than seven hours, you’re going to die early,” he told me. “That’s not true.”Yet Americans are addicted to getting more sleep — and on turning to medical shortcuts to help them. According to the Centers for Disease Control, as many as 70 million U.S. adults suffer from sleep disorders or sleeplessness. Only a third of Americans get the government’s recommended sev en to nine hours of sleep a night.About 9 million American adults use sleeping pills to help get a good night’s rest, the CDC found. Siegel said the number of people relying on medicines “has gone up rather rapidly since then.”Industry consulting firm GlobalData estimates that worldwide sales for sleeplessness medicines will run about $1.4 billion next year and reach $1.8 billion by 2023, recovering from lower sales in recent years because of cheaper generics(仿制药) hitting the market.Dr. Roy Artal, a slee p specialist in West Los Angeles, said it’s understandable that busy people in today’s go-go world would turn to medicines to speed up the sleep process. But all they’re doing is building a reliance on powerful drugs for relatively little improvement.“There’s no magic pill that makes us sleep when we want and wake up when we want,” Artal said. “The effects of sleeping pills tend to be modest.”He and other experts say the answer to sleeplessness isn’t to be found in a pill bottle. It’s in what’s called “sl eep hygiene (保健).”57. The research on sleep habits of remote hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia shows that ________.A. They have a lack of sleep because of their bad lifestyleB. “natural” sleep may be less than eight hours a nightC. Modern electronic products cause the sleeplessnessD. Pre-industrial lifestyles will be helpful to a better sleep58. Jerome Siegel believes that ________.A. We need to take sleeping pills to improve sleepB. Modern electronic products do harm to a good sleepC. Those who sleep for less than 7 hours will die earlyD. There is nothing wrong with a 6 or 7 hours’ sleep59. The underlined word “modest” probably means ________.A. obviousB. awfulC. smallD. large60. The main idea of this passage is that_________.A. People may not need eight hours of sleep a night.B. people need sleeping pills to have a good sleepC. sleeping pills have a long way to go for sleep improvementD. Sleeping pill industry will suffer great losses from the new discovery四、任务型阅读（共10分，每题1分）What is eco-fashion？Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry. It is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion —‘ecological’ and ‘ethical’．Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues surrounding them；ethical fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.What are the problems with fashion？A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems that are common practices in the creation of our fashions from the field to the factory. Firstly，the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides；sheep-farming and wool-cleaning contribute to global warming；synthetics-making (人造纤维生产) brings about waste which does harm to our environment. Secondly，every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy，and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this，there is a lot of waste produced in the process，especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly，growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment，and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.Then，how to solve the problems? Other industries that design products are ahead of the fashion industry when it comes to choosing sustainable materials, designing for minimum waste, choosing energy efficient manufacturing and creating products for longevity. The fashion industry has been slow to adopt these changes and part of the problem is the very nature of fashion. To a large degree，it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint，from switching to green energy and reducing energy use，through selecting sustainable materials and choosing local suppliers，to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand，as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.There is some concern that eco friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but we can make sure that doesn't happen. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health,五、翻译句子（共10分，每题2分）71. 他们认为那是违背科学精神的。
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