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•那么什么是口译？口译是一种通过口头表达形式，将所感知和理解的信息准确而又快速地由一种语言形式转换成另一种语言形式，进而达到完整并即时传递与交流信息之目的的交际行为，是现代社会跨文化、跨民族交往的一种基本沟通方式。
•——梅德明《中级口译教程》第一部分“口译概论”•第二节“口译定义”•The Criteria of Interpretation 翻译的标准•功能对等functional equivalence•信、达、雅faithfulness fluency/ expressiveness and elegance •Remember how modern interpretation started?••口译特点The Characteristics of Interpretation(The similarity and difference between T and I)We still need to improve:•语言解意能力listening comprehension•反应记忆能力short-term memory and quick response•信息组合能力summarizing information•语言表达能力language expressiveness•文化背景知识all-embracing knowledge••Even more…•unpredictability —flexibility and expressiveness•pressure — self-confidence•solo work —great responsibility•all embracing knowledge — jack of all trades, master of none•smart power……••口译的类型the categorical classification of Interpretation•形式•交替传译•同声传译•耳语口译•视阅口译•手语口译•内容•联络口译•礼仪口译•宣传口译•会议口译•谈判口译•方向•单向口译•双向口译••The World Top ThreeNewcastle University Language CenterMonterey Institute of International StudiesESIT, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle••T&I Certificates in China•CATTI•NAETI•Advanced Placement Test for Interpretation ••course layout 课程设置••英语口译（一）称谓口译引语口译接待口译古诗词口译宴会口译陪同口译•短时记忆训练•口才训练•笔记训练••英语口译（二）•礼仪口译•外事接待•旅游口译•商务口译•教育类口译•环保类口译•同声传译•数字练习•应对技巧•各国口音•口译比赛教学观摩•丰富知识面、培训翻译能力：•BJ review《北京周报》•China Daily bilingual 中国日报双语版•English Digest《英语文摘》•Crazy English《疯狂英语》有声书•cctv.news•金融时报中文版•BBC中文网站/chinese/•the Economist 《经济学人》杂志••提高听力:•听力特快 (BBC, CNN,VOA)•TED演讲国外名校公开课••口译知识和口译练习材料:•口译网••常用的在线网络辞典：•灵格斯(lingoes)和有道(Yudao)听力练习•Yale's President Welcoming President Hu Jintao •Mr. President, it is my pleasure to extend a warm welcome to you and Mrs.Liu on behalf of our entire community. We are deeply honored that you havechosen to visit Yale.•主席先生：•我高兴地代表耶鲁大学的全体师生向您及夫人表示热烈欢迎，对您特意访问耶鲁我们深感荣幸。
•Your country has an ancient tradition of reverence for education, and your actions affirm this tradition. During the past decade, you have made massive investments in your universities, strengthening the most excellent of those institutions while broadening access to higher education from less than 5% to more than 15% of your college-age population.•贵国素有尊重教育的古老传统，而您的行动证实了这一传统。
过去十年里，你们大力投资高等教育，既加强了高等院校中出类拔萃的学府，同时也大幅提高了适龄人口的升学率。
•Your nation's focus on education has contributed substantially to your historically unprecedented success in lifting more than 200 million of your citizens out of poverty in the past quarter century. We admire these achievements, and, like most Americans, we are hopeful that the development of your economy will be accompanied by continued expansion of the rule of law and strengthening the rights of individuals.•过去25年中，2亿多中国人摆脱了贫困，这一前所未有的成绩在很大程度上归功于贵国对教育的重视。
我们钦佩你们取得的成就，像大多数美国人一样，我们希望随着贵国经济的发展，你们将继续完善法制，加强个人的权利。
•…•Our American students are eager to learn about China. They learn from study: enrollment in our first-year Chinese language courses increased by more than 50% this past year, and each time Professor Jonathan Spence offers his course in Modern Chinese History over 300 students enroll. And they learn fromencounter: from getting to know the more than 600 Chinese students andscholars currently in residence here at Yale, who teach even as they pursue their own studies.•我们美国学生渴望了解中国，他们从课堂里学一年级中文课的注册学生在过去一年中增加了50%以上，开设的中国近代史每次总有300多名学生注册报名，他们也从交流中学习，通过与600多名在耶鲁的中国学生和学者的交流，也让我们受益匪浅，也让我们从他们那里学到不少。
•We look forward to your address, Mr. President. By your presence today, you honor the long association between China and Yale, and you honor the place of the university in both Chinese and American society. We are deeplygrateful.•我们期待着您的演讲，主席先生，您的到来给中国和耶鲁之间源远流长的关系带来了荣耀，同时也凸现了大学在中美社会上的地位。
我们深表谢意。
••David Cameron’s Message for Chinese New Year 2015•It’s Chinese New Year and it c an be a truly golden year for Britain and China.Our economic relationship goes from strength to strength. Since we came to office, the number of British goods bought in China has doubled.••We often think of Chinese food, technology, clothing –they’re a b ig part of our lives in Britain –but today, it works both ways. Look at China’s supermarkets and you’ll see British salmon, British whisky. Look at China’s roads and you’ll see Jaguars, Land Rovers. In fact, China is JLR’s biggest market.Where are their shoppers visiting? Burberry, Church’s, Costa. And what arethey watching? Yes, Downton Abbey, which draws in a reported 160 million viewers in China.••You can see the strength of that relationship here in Britain, too. I think of Heathrow Airport, Thames Water, made stronger thanks to Chinese business people who invest here. Our universities, made greater thanks to the 100,000 Chinese students who study here. And our country, made better thanks to British Chinese people who make such a great contribution to our culture, communities, businesses and public services.••As we celebrate New Year, families will be coming together, often travelling thousands of miles to do so. The fireworks, the parades and the feasts will be spectacular.。
