Grammar and Vocabulary Week 3Focus:✧Vocabulary:Word formation exercises✧English Nounsa.Nominalizationb.Articlesc.Tenses练习三、含其它词缀与词干的术语1. 阅读下列各组词语，解释每组词语中主要词缀或词干的意义。
例：voltmeter, amperemeter, chronometer, decibelmeter，thermometer-meter：instrument for measuring 计，仪，表，1)pseudonym, pseudo-democratic, pseudo pregnancy, pseudoscience2)genocide, insecticide, pesticide, homicide, infanticide3)chlorophyll, chlorite, chlorine, sodium chloride叶绿素，亚氯酸盐，氯气，氯化钠4)Mesolithic, mesothorax, medieval, median, mediator, Mediterranean5)thermometer, thermonuclear, thermophilic, thermal conductivity6)transliterate, transcription, transformer, transmitter, transplant*transliteration vs. phonetic transcription转写与音译In transliteration, more attention is given to morphological aspects of the lexical item whereas in phonetic transcription, accuracy in reflecting the pronunciation of the source word is more important.An instance of transliteration:The same morphological form of the name “Hu jingtao” applies to any of the major Roman script languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, etc), but its pronunciation may vary from language to language.An instance of phonetic transcriptionThe morphological forms of the name of the Russian leader Putin vary from English to French. In order to maintain a pronunciation similar to that of the original, the French form of the name is “Poutine”, instead of “Putin”. The latter might sound extremely offensive in French as it is pronounced the same way as “putain” (prostitute).People may sometimes choose to observe rules for transliteration, and sometimes opt for rules of phonetic transcription.e.g. Van Gogh (fan gao instead of fan huohe in Chinese)Changyu AFIB Global(the original Chinese name might have been phonetically transcribed as Tschang yű in French.)7)circulation, circumnavigation, circumference, circumlunar8)eject, emigrate, export, emitter, exhaust, expatriate9)auditorium，sanatorium，solarium，aquarium，10)audible alarm, inaudible sound, audience, audiovisual11)chronometer, chronological order, synchronizer12)predict, Dictaphone, benediction13)telegram, telegraph, cartography, geography, electrocardiogram14)mortality, mortal, mortuary, immortal15)dealcoholize, dehydration, deasphalt, derail, dehumidify, deodorant16)dermatology, epidermis, hypodermis17)psycholinguistics, psychology, psychiatry, psychoneurotic18)geophysics, geothermal, geology, geochronology, terrain, extraterrestrial, territorial，Mediterranean19)hydroelectric power plant, hydraulics, hydrocarbon, hydromechanics20)orthodox, orthodontics, orthography, orthopaedics21)pseudonym, synonym, antonym, nomination, nominal power, nomenclature22)asexual, achromatic, anachronism, apathetic, asymmetric, anarchy, anarchism,23)pneumatic tools, atypical pneumonia, hydropneumatic 液压气动的24)symphony, phonetics, stereophonic, phonometer测音器, sonority, supersonic, subsonic25)telescope, microscope, periscope, stereoscope26)anthropology misanthrope philanthropic27)philosophy, philotechnic, philharmonic, anglophile28)zoophobia, technophobia, xenophobe, Anglophobic,29)heterocharge, heterochromosome, heterodox, heteromorphic30)homosexual, homocharge, homonym, homopolar◆名词化（Nominalization）I. Rewrite the following nominalised phrases in plain English.EX: The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.✧The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of thepatientThe doctor arrived very quickly and examined the patient very carefully.✧His (the patient’s) very speedy recoveryT he patient recovered very speedily.1.The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreementreached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere.2.The diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of moviesand television may have speeded up and augmented SF’s social feedback effect.3.The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.4.Proper use of antibiotics will lower the severity of asthma caused by sinusitis.5.The addition of alloying elements is made principally to improve mechanical properties,such as tensile strength, hardness, rigidity and machinability, and sometimes to improve fluidity and other casting properties.6. A closer examination of the U.S. experience over the last few decades does not reveal anatural evolution of telecommunications substituting for travel.The U.S. experience over the last few decades was examined closely. This does not reveal, however, that telecommunications have naturally evolved to such an extent as to substitute for travel.II. Put the following into Chinese7.He is a good eater and a good sleeper.8.He is a young and rapid writer.9.I used to be a bit of a fancier myself.to fancy: to indulge in wild imaginations过去我也常常有点喜欢胡思乱想。
