GMAT逻辑削弱题解析(118)

GMAT逻辑里面的削弱思路
削弱题是逻辑里面的重头戏，如果你能在削弱题里面如鱼得水，那么逻辑你就胜利了一半~！来看一看下面这道题，给自己做个小测试吧~ 如果这道题不能答对的话，你的逻辑就要加强加强再加强了哦。

The
A.
B.我们并没有要追究这个海湾的水平线到底如何，同样，和我们这道题的中心逻辑：虾
和虾产业的关系，并没有任何直接关系
C.涉及到了虾的生死存亡。

虾赖以为食的organism浮游生物死掉了，相应得虾也会被影响，
从而虾产业也会被影响到，是一连环的关系，不需要我们做任何的脑补这个选项的逻辑就很严密。

所以就是它了。

D.硬要掰一掰这个选项的话算是个加强，因为高温让虾反而繁殖更快。

E.虾和鱼在某海域的数量的对比。

题干中都没有这种对比为什么选项中要出现对比。

这是
个送分选项啊朋友们，肯定砍掉！。

今日考点：GMAT逻辑“削弱”考点难度：650-70001Although the discount stores in Goreville's central shopping district are expected to close within five years as a result of competition from a Spendless discount department store that just opened, those locations will not stay vacant for long. In the five years since the opening of Colson's, a nondiscount department store, a new store has opened at the location of every store in the shopping district that closed because it could not compete with Colson's.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?A. Many customers of Colson's are expected to do less shopping there than they did before the SpendLess store opened.B. lncreasingly, the stores that have opened in the central shopping district since Colson's opened have been discount stores.C. At present, the central shopping district has as many stores operating in it as it ever had.D. Over the course of the next five years, it is expected that Goreville's population will grow at a faster rate than it has for the past several decades.E. Many stores in the central shopping district sell types of merchandise that are not available at either SpendLess or Colson's.正解：B雷哥GMAT解析一尽管因为S折扣店的竞争，G地折扣店预计在五年内关闭，这些位置不会空置太长。

gmat逻辑题解析GMAT（研究管理入学考试）是全球广泛认可的商学院研究生入学考试，其中逻辑题是考试中重要的一部分。

解析这些逻辑题可以帮助考生提高解题能力和分数。

在GMAT逻辑题中，考生需要分析和评估给定的论据，并基于这些论据作出正确的推理和结论。

下面是解决GMAT逻辑题的三个关键步骤：1. 阅读理解：首先，仔细阅读问题陈述、论据和问题要求。

理解论据的结构和逻辑关系对于正确解答问题至关重要。

注意关键词和关联词，以便在问题中找到线索。

2. 分析论证：将论述的前提和结论明确地识别出来。

考虑论证的合理性和有效性。

评估论据中的逻辑漏洞和不一致性。

3. 推理和解决问题：根据自己对论据的分析，选择最适合或最强的选项。

使用排除法，逐一排除不符合逻辑的选项，剩下的即为正确答案。

GMAT逻辑题的解析需要练习和培养良好的推理能力。

以下是一些建议可帮助提高逻辑解题能力：1. 多练习真题：通过做大量的GMAT逻辑题目，你可以熟悉不同类型的题目以及常见的逻辑推理方式，提高解题速度和准确性。

2. 学习逻辑词汇：掌握常见的逻辑词汇，如前提、因果关系、对比、假设等，可以更准确地理解问题的含义和逻辑关系。

3. 制定解题策略：根据每种类型的逻辑题目，制定解决问题的策略。

例如，针对判断题，可以采用排除法；针对推理题，可以尝试构建逻辑链条。

4. 注意细节和关键信息：解决逻辑题需要仔细阅读和理解问题陈述及选项，并注意细节和关键信息。

多次阅读和理解可以帮助你找到正确的解题思路。

通过充分理解论据、分析论证和正确推理，你可以提高在GMAT逻辑题中的解题能力，并获得更好的成绩。

坚持练习，灵活运用逻辑思维，相信你会有很大的进步！。

[模拟] MBA联考逻辑分类——削弱选择题第1题：某科研机构对市民所反映的一种奇异现象进行研究，该现象无法用已有的科学理论进行解释。

助理研究员小王由此断言，该现象是错觉。

以下哪项如果为真，最可能使小王的断言不成立？A.错觉都可以用已有的科学理论进行解释。

B.所有错觉都不能用已有的科学理论进行解释。

C.已有的科学理论尚不能完全解释错觉是如何形成的。

D.有些错觉不能用已有的科学理论进行解释。

E.有些错觉可以用已有的科学理论进行解释。

参考答案：A小王根据该奇异现象无法用已有的科学理论进行解释，进而断言，该现象是错觉。

其隐含的假设是，无法用已有的科学理论进行解释的现象都是错觉。

A项所述，错觉都可以用已有的科学理论进行解释，否定了小王的假设，最可能使小王的断言不成立。

[知识点] [选项个数]5 [试题编号] [分数] [题目类型] [难度] 第2题：2010年，某国学校为教师提供培训的具体情况为：38%的公立学校有1%~25%的教师参加，18%的公立学校有26%~50%的教师参加，13%的公立学校有51%~75%的教师参加，30%的公立学校有76%甚至更多的教师参加了这样的培训。

与此相对照，37%的农村学校有1%~25%的教师参加，20%的农村学校有26%~50%的教师参加，12%的农村学校有51%~75%的教师参加，29%的农村学校有76%甚至更多的教师参加。

这说明，该国农村学校教师和城市、市郊以及城镇的学校教师接受培训的几率相当。

以下哪项如果为真，最能反驳上述论证？A.教师培训的内容丰富多彩，各不相同。

B.教师培训的条件差异性很大，效果也不相同。

C.有些教师既在公立学校任职，也在农村学校兼职。

D.教师培训的时间，一般公立学校较长，农村学校较短。

E.农村也有许多公立学校，市郊也有许多农村学校。

参考答案：E题干中通过农村学校与公立学校的教师接受培训的几率相当，推出农村学校教师和城市、市郊以及城镇的学校教师接受培训的几率相当。

GMAT逻辑解题技巧指导：削弱与强调2.The extent to which a society is really free can be gauged by its attitude toward artistic expression. Freedom of expression can easily be violated in even the most outwardly democratic of societies. When a government arts council withholds funding fro m a dance performance that its members deem “obscene,”the voices of a few bureaucrats have in fact censored the work of the choreographer, thereby committing the real obscenity of repression.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?第二道weaken题，首先读题干，知道要攻击“因为”。

原文的意思：因为——对艺术表达的态度决定了社会是否真正自由(态度不好决定了社会不自由);政府抽回舞蹈演出资金是态度不好，所以——社会不自由。

思路：我们要反对“因为”，就可以从以上两个“因为”入手，答案中凡是质疑其中之一的就是正确答案。

因此，答案为“Failing to provide financial support for a performance is not the same as actively preventing or inhibiting it.”3.The local high school students have been clamoring for the freedom to design their own curricula. Allowing this would be as disastrous as allowing 3-year-olds to choose their own diet. These students have neither the maturity nor the experience to equal that of the professional educators now doing the job.Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?本体是strengthen题，首先读题干，要支持“因为”。

高智威PREP逻辑解析Practice Test #1 Critical Reasoning (72 Questions)1. (24179-!-item-!-188;#058&000705)Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely ofcarbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.削弱题à原因：fullerenes 要求特别温度和湿度à结论：this discovery可以检测state of the earth’s crust at the time fullerenes were formed.à正确答案作用：此discovery对于检测the state of Earth’s crust at the time fullerenes没有用à思考：1. 回溯原因：”discovery有没有用”一定与fullerenes相关，因为本题的最根本原因就是fullerenes. 因此一定是fullerenes让this discovery不能来检测地壳状态；à选项分析：E: 没有提到fullerenes，干掉！;B: 有模糊词some，然而文章结论无绝对词，干掉!;C: fullerenes是如何形成的，跟检测the state of earth’s crust无关；A: 是迷惑的选项。

考研联考逻辑必考题型：削弱题不同的知识点可以有相同的题型，同理，不同的题型也可以对相同知识点进行考察。

用知识点解题只是学习初期的要求，训练的期望结果是通过题型找准感觉快速解题，这需要大量的练习才能取得，以下七类必考题。

一、削弱题由于逻辑考试主要考察的是“批判性思维”，所以削弱题是考试中最常见的题型。

由于考试中往往要求大家找“最削弱”、“最质疑”，所以必须读完所有选项后加以比较才能得到最好的答案，不能贸然选择，比较原则主要有下面两条：事实性削弱(反例、数据、数学思维)>因果性错误(因果倒置等)>他因而上述各点的考试频率正好相反。

上述规律有时并不明显，但实际做题时，只要有对选项加以比较思维，削弱强度一般都可以顺利区别。

例1.美国的一个动物保护组织试图改变蝙蝠在人们心目中一直存在的恐怖形象。

这个组织认为，蝙蝠之所以让人觉得可怕和遭到捕杀，仅仅是因为这些羞怯的动：物在夜间表现得特别活跃。

以下哪项如果为真，将对上述动物保护组织的观点构成最严重的质疑?A、蝙蝠之所以能在夜间特别活跃，是由于它们具有在夜间感知各种射线和声波的特能力。

(无关)B、蝙蝠是夜间飞行昆虫的主要捕食者。

在这样的夜间飞行昆虫中，有限多是危害人类健康的。

(诉诸感情)C、蝙蝠在中国及其他许多国家同样被认为是一种恐怖的飞禽。

(支持)D、美国人熟知的浣熊和中国人熟知的食蚊雀，都是些在夜间特别活跃的羞怯动物在人们的印象中一般并没有恐怖的印象。

(反例)E、许多视觉艺术品，特别是动画片丑化了蝙蝠的形象。

(它因)凯程教育张老师整理了几个节约时间的准则：一是要早做决定，趁早备考;二是要有计划，按计划前进;三是要跟时间赛跑，争分夺秒。

总之，考研是一场“时间战”，谁懂得抓紧时间，利用好时间，谁就是最后的胜利者。

1.制定详细周密的学习计划。

这里所说的计划，不仅仅包括总的复习计划，还应该包括月计划、周计划，甚至是日计划。

努力做到这一点是十分困难的，但却是非常必要的。

错：15，36，4556，57：不属于22题：结论是原因。

削弱：其他原因导致了没有残留2. (24069-!-item-!-188;#058&000703)Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs. The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today. To lure more businesses downtown, Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's likelihood of success?(A) Most of the businesses currently located in downtown Villieu have long-term leases on the space they occupy there.(B) The existing office buildings in downtown Villieu have, on average, a much higher vacancy rate than do office buildings in Villieu's suburbs.(C) The local tax rates in Villieu's suburbs are significantly lowerthan downtown Villieu's proposed rate for businesses that lease space in the new office buildings.(D) Most of the businesses that currently lease office space in downtown Villieu also lease office space in Villieu's suburbs. (E) With the new office buildings, downtown Villieu would have a greater amount of modern office space than any other downtown business district in the region.3. (24117-!-item-!-188;#058&000708)Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested. Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning to replace its large planes with Skybuses, whose novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient. The Skybus' fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.Which of the following, if true, could present the most serious disadvantage for Northern Air in replacing their large planes with Skybuses?(A) The Skybus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flightsto destinations that currently require stops for refueling.(B) Aviation fuel is projected to decline in price over the next several years.(C) The fuel efficiency of the Skybus would enable Northern Air to eliminate refueling at some of its destinations, but several mechanics would lose their jobs.(D) None of Northern Air's competitors that use Belleville Airport are considering buying Skybuses.(E) The aerodynamic design of the Skybus causes turbulence behind it when taking off that forces other planes on the runway to delay their takeoffs.9. (24497-!-item-!-188;#058&001429)Beta Corporation claims that it no longer has enough work for the 60 computer data-entry workers that it is laying off. These workers have heard, however, that the company is buying 100 new computers. So the workers concluded that the company's real reason for laying them off is to fill their jobs with lower-paid workers.Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the workers' conclusion?(A) Most of the workers being laid off know how to enter data on a number of different computer systems.(B) Orders for almost all of Beta Corporation products have increased over the past year.(C) A recent memorandum from the president of Beta Corporation requested that all data generated by the company be stored in computerized form.(D) Beta Corporation's computer data-entry workers are more experienced and hence more highly paid than people doing comparable work in other companies.(E) Beta Corporation's new computers will allow its current management and sales staff to perform many of the tasks that the data-entry workers were previously doing.13. (25752-!-item-!-188;#058&002668)An unusually severe winter occurred in Europe after the continent was blanketed by a blue haze resulting from the eruption of the Laki Volcano in the European republic of Iceland in the summer of 1984. Thus, it is evident that major eruptions cause the atmosphere to become cooler than it would be otherwise.Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?(A) The cooling effect triggered by volcanic eruptions in 1985 was counteracted by an unusual warming of Pacific waters.(B) There is a strong statistical link between volcanic eruptions and the severity of the rainy season in India.(C) A few months after El Chichn's large eruption in April 1982, air temperatures throughout the region remained higher than expected, given the long-term weather trends.(D) The climatic effects of major volcanic eruptions can temporarily mask the general warming trend resulting from an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.(E) Three months after an early springtime eruption in South America during the late 19th century, sea surface temperatures near the coast began to fall.15. (25986-!-item-!-188;#058&002914)Some airlines allegedly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they lose money, in order to drive competitors off those routes. However, this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run. Once an airline successfullyimplements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?(A) In some countries it is not illegal for a company to drive away competitors by selling a product below cost.(B) Airline executives generally believe that a company that once underpriced its fares to drive away competitors is very likely to do so again if new competitors emerge.(C) As part of promotions designed to attract new customers, airlines sometimes reduce their ticket prices to below an economically sustainable level.(D) On deciding to stop serving particular routes, most airlines shift resources to other routes rather than reduce the size of their operations.(E) When airlines dramatically reduce their fares on a particular route, the total number of air passengers on that route increases greatly.22. (28162-!-item-!-188;#058&003858)Herbicides allow cereal crops to be grown very efficiently, with virtually no competition from weeds. In Britain, partridge populations have been steadily decreasing since herbicide use became widespread. Some environmentalists claim that these birds, which live in and around cereal crop fields, are being poisoned by the herbicides. However, tests show no more than trace quantities of herbicides in partridges on herbicide-treated land. Therefore, something other than herbicide use must be responsible for the population decrease.Which of the following, if true about Britain, most seriously weakens the argument?(A) The elimination of certain weeds from cereal crop fields has reduced the population of the small insects that live on those weeds and that form a major part of partridge chicks' diet.(B) Since partridges are valued as game birds, records of their population are more carefully kept than those for many other birds.(C) Some of the weeds that are eliminated from cereal crop fields by herbicides are much smaller than the crop plants themselves andwould have no negative effect on crop yield if they were allowed to grow.(D) Birds other than partridges that live in or around cereal crop fields have also been suffering population declines.(E) The toxins contained in herbicides typically used on cereal crops can be readily identified in the tissues of animals that have ingested them.36. (31643-!-item-!-188;#058&006431)Traveler: Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents. Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the traveler's argument?(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.38. (32291-!-item-!-188;#058&006866)Offshore oil-drilling operations entail an unavoidable risk of an oil spill, but importing oil on tankers presently entails an even greater such risk per barrel of oil. Therefore, if we are to reduce the risk of an oil spill without curtailing our use of oil, we must invest more in offshore operations and import less oil on tankers.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?(A) Tankers can easily be redesigned so that their use entails less risk of an oil spill.(B) Oil spills caused by tankers have generally been more serious than those caused by offshore operations.(C) The impact of offshore operations on the environment can be controlled by careful management.(D) Offshore operations usually damage the ocean floor, but tankers rarely cause such damage.(E) Importing oil on tankers is currently less expensive than drilling for it offshore.39. (32799-!-item-!-188;#058&007548)The imposition of quotas limiting imported steel will not help the big American steel mills. In fact, the quotas will help "mini-mills" flourish in the United States. Those small domestic mills will take more business from the big American steel mills than would have been taken by the foreign steel mills in the absence of quotas.Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the claim made in the last sentence above?(A) Quality rather than price is a major factor in determining the type of steel to be used for a particular application.(B) Foreign steel mills have long produced grades of steel comparable in quality to the steel produced by the big American mills.(C) American quotas on imported goods have often induced other countries to impose similar quotas on American goods.(D) Domestic "mini-mills" consistently produce better grades of steel than do the big American mills.(E) Domestic "mini-mills" produce low-volume, specialized types of steel that are not produced by the big American steel mills.41. (32895-!-item-!-188;#058&007553)In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue. Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above?(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards.(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year.(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard.(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard.45. (33087-!-item-!-188;#058&007558)The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year. But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.49. (33279-!-item-!-188;#058&007564)Start-up companies financed by venture capitalists have a much lower failure rate than companies financed by other means. Source of financing, therefore, must be a more important causative factor in the success of a start-up company than are such factors as the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur, the quality ofstrategic planning, or the management structure of the company.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?(A) Venture capitalists tend to be more responsive than other sources of financing to changes in a start-up company's financial needs.(B) The strategic planning of a start-up company is a less important factor in the long-term success of the company than are the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur.(C) More than half of all new companies fail within five years.(D) The management structures of start-up companies are generally less formal than the management structures of ongoing businesses.(E) Venture capitalists base their decisions to fund start-up companies on such factors as the characteristics of the entrepreneur and quality of strategic planning of the company. 53. (33471-!-item-!-188;#058&007576)Unlike the wholesale price of raw wool, the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen considerably in the last year. Thus, although theretail price of cotton clothing at retail clothing stores has not yet fallen, it will inevitably fall.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?(A) The cost of processing raw cotton for cloth has increased during the last year.(B) The wholesale price of raw wool is typically higher than that of the same volume of raw cotton.(C) The operating costs of the average retail clothing store have remained constant during the last year.(D) Changes in retail prices always lag behind changes in wholesale prices.(E) The cost of harvesting raw cotton has increased in the last year.56. (33615-!-item-!-188;#058&007586)Robot satellites relay important communications and identify weather patterns. Because the satellites can be repaired only in orbit, astronauts are needed to repair them. Without repairs, the satellites would eventually malfunction. Therefore, space flights carrying astronauts must continue.Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above?(A) Satellites falling from orbit because of malfunctions burn up in the atmosphere.(B) Although satellites are indispensable in the identification of weather patterns, weather forecasters also make some use of computer projections to identify weather patterns.(C) The government, responding to public pressure, has decided to cut the budget for space flights and put more money into social welfare programs.(D) Repair of satellites requires heavy equipment, which adds to the amount of fuel needed to lift a spaceship carrying astronauts into orbit.(E) Technical obsolescence of robot satellites makes repairing them more costly and less practical than sending new, improved satellites into orbit.57. (33663-!-item-!-188;#058&007587)Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent. To combat thisproblem, more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above?(A) The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment.(B) Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent.(C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation's busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines.(D) After a small midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent.(E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation's busiest airports has doubled.58. (33711-!-item-!-188;#058&007588)The proposal to hire ten new police officers in Middletown is quite foolish. There is sufficient funding to pay the salaries of the new officers, but not the salaries of additional court and prisonemployees to process the increased caseload of arrests and convictions that new officers usually generate.Which of the following, if true, will most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn above?(A) Studies have shown that an increase in a city's police force does not necessarily reduce crime.(B) When one major city increased its police force by 19 percent last year, there were 40 percent more arrests and 13 percent more convictions.(C) If funding for the new police officers' salaries is approved, support for other city services will have to be reduced during the next fiscal year.(D) In most United States cities, not all arrests result in convictions, and not all convictions result in prison terms.(E) Middletown's ratio of police officers to citizens has reached a level at which an increase in the number of officers will have a deterrent effect on crime.59. (33759-!-item-!-188;#058&007597)Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protectedagainst bank failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits. An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure. If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the economist's argument?(A) Before the government started to insure depositors against bank failure, there was a lower rate of bank failure than there is now. (B) When the government did not insure deposits, frequent bank failures occurred as a result of depositors' fears of losing money in bank failures.(C) Surveys show that a significant proportion of depositors are aware that their deposits are insured by the government.(D) There is an upper limit on the amount of an individual's deposit that the government will insure, but very few individuals' deposits exceed this limit.(E) The security of a bank against failure depends on thepercentage of its assets that are loaned out and also on how much risk its loans involve.61. (33855-!-item-!-188;#058&007603)The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take. Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise. Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do notexercise.(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.65. (34047-!-item-!-188;#058&007611)Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease. Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive population. Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion above?(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.30. (31171-!-item-!-188;#058&006066)An advertising agency must leave its office building. To save overhead costs, it is considering setting up a "virtual office" instead of moving to an adjacent office building. Employees will do their work on computers, as they do now, but will do so at home, sharing their work with colleagues by communicating text and designs to colleagues' computers through telephone lines, receiving typed comments, and then revising the work until it is satisfactory.Which of the following, if true, indicates a disadvantage of the virtual office plan?(A) The agency can move its computers and associated equipment into employees' homes without purchasing any new equipment or requiring employees to purchase such equipment.(B) To reach the current office building and return home, employeesspend an average of one and a half hours per day commuting, usually in heavy traffic.(C) The employees of the advertising agency are accustomed to autonomy in monitoring their own progress and productivity. (D) Employees would be able to adapt quickly to using computers in a virtual office setting, since employees' current use of computers to produce designs requires a high level of skill.(E) Expressions and gestures in face-to-face exchanges are an important aid to employees in gauging the viability of new ideas they have proposed.34. (31547-!-item-!-188;#058&006362)When demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low. Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.Which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.48. (33231-!-item-!-188;#058&007563)Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract. This partially seals off the lungs. An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.Which of the following, if true, points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?(A) Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks.(B) Researchers do not yet know what makes one person's messenger molecules more easily activated than another's.(C) Such a medication would not become available for several years, because of long lead times in both development and manufacture.(D) Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air.(E) Such a medication would be a preventative only and would be unable to alleviate an asthma attack once it had started.。

gmat 削弱题
在GMAT考试中，削弱题是一类常见的题型。

所谓削弱题，就是
要求考生从给出的前提条件中推断出一种有力的结论，然后再从多个
选项中找到一种合理的削弱方法，使推论结论不再成立。

这种题型要
求考生具备较强的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。

在解答削弱题时，需要注意几个方面。

首先，要认真阅读题干和
所有选项，理解前提条件和推论结论之间的关系，把握住题目要求的
削弱方向。

其次，要仔细分析各个选项的内容，辨别出正确选项和干
扰选项。

通常来说，正确选项应该针对给出的前提条件或推论结论中
的弱点，提出一种具有说服力的反驳方法。

而干扰选项则常常会混淆
考生的判断，用一些看似正确但实际上不符合逻辑的理由来迷惑考生。

最后，要在考试中养成良好的答题习惯。

这包括合理的时间分配，充分考虑每个选项的意义和可能的削弱效果，以及将选项和论点归纳
整理，以便更好地判断和推理。

通过不断的练习和积累，相信每个考
生都能在GMAT削弱题中得到更高的分数。

GRE逻辑题的解题技巧—削弱结论型题目根据GRE逻辑题的题目类型，将其划分为五类：支持结论型，削弱结论型，分析逻辑结构型，得出结论型(推断题)，和解决矛盾型。

接下来重点介绍GRE逻辑题削弱结论型题目的解题技巧，大家好好进行复习吧，以便更好冲刺GRE高分。

GRE逻辑题中削弱结论型题目与支持结论型题目非常像，当然它们之间的差别也是显著的，一个是削弱结论，一个是加强结论。

削弱结论型题目回忆很多的形式出现：Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Which of the following, if true, could present the most serious disadvantage of XYZ Corporation’s new marketing initiative? Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the view that the drug treatment will NOT be successful?几乎所有削弱结论型题目的正确答案都会挖掘出论证中出现的一个错误或者破坏论证中的假设，又或者直接否定结论。

其错误答案也具有一定的特征：第一点就是与结论无关，很多错误的答案与前提条件有关，但是与结论无关，不正确的答案只是提供一些与前提条件相关的不必要信息;第二点就是答案的方向错误，一些错误答案事实上支持结论。

同支持结论型题目一样，你需要记住的是逻辑论证中既会有结论，也会有相反的结论。

下面列举个例子进行说明：The national infrastructure for airport runways and air traffic control require immediate expansion to accommodate the proliferation of new private, smaller aircraft. The Federal Aviation Authority (the FAA) has proposed a fee for all air travelers to help fund this expansion. However, this fee would be unfair, as it would impose costs on all travelers to benefit only the few who utilize the new private planes.Which of the following, if true, would allow the FAA to counter the objection that the proposed fee would be unfair?A. The existing national airport infrastructure benefits all travelers.B. The fee, if imposed, will have a negligible effect on the overall volume of air travel.C. The expansion would reduce the number of delayed flights resulting from small private planes congesting runways.D. Travelers who use small private planes are almost uniformly wealthy or traveling on business.E. The Administrator of the FAA is appointed by the President, who is subject to national election.文章中结论是最后一句话。

【GMAT阅读】增强削弱题解题技巧当说到增强削弱题型时，可能我们首先反应的是CR逻辑题，但其实在我们的GMAT阅读里面，也是有增强削弱题型的，但是往往被大家所忽略。

GMAT阅读由主旨题跟细节题两大类组成，其中细节题中有一朵奇葩就是增强削弱题，这种题出现的频率不高，整个阅读最多出现1-2题，但是其推理的难度大，所以错误率偏高。

重点来了，在考试的时候遇到这种题型，我们应该怎么办呢？干瞪眼？别开玩笑了，武汉雷哥GMAT大队长手把手教你如何解决阅读题里面的增强削弱题型！增强削弱题型攻略说到阅读里面的增强削弱题型攻略，我们大致可以分开三步走，只需3步，就能搞定！1、了解设问形式：如果一个选项正确／成立，则会支持／削弱原文的某一说法2、了解常见形式：增强（support, strengthen），削弱（weaken, undermine)3、了解解题思路：通过关键词定位层次，找出现象，结论以及推理过程▷ weaken/support现象▷ weaken/support结论▷ weaken/support现象到结论的推理过程这么说，可能有的同学没有办法很好的理解，下面武汉雷哥GMAT 大队长举个简单的例子给大家来体现什么是现象，什么是结论，什么是现象到结论的推理过程。

大家小时候都会唱一首歌，我在马路边捡到一分钱，把它交给警察叔叔…我们就以这个为例：小明捡到一分钱，交给警察叔叔，小明是好人。

现象：小明捡到一分钱，交给警察叔叔结论：小明是好人推理过程：因为小明捡了一分钱交给警察叔叔，所以他是好人。

碰见这种增强削弱题，找到现象，结论及推理过程，我们就可以进行做题，所以关键还是理解文章，希望大家采用合理的方法阅读，比如结构层次法。

我们就来做一道题：结构层次：P1:1.MOB opportunities and risks.1a.CRA：MOB lack access to orders.1b. congress required businesses help MOB1c.Some federal and local agencies apportion contracts to MOBP2:2. Corporate response substantial.2a.1972:7700W上升到1977:11亿 80s:estimated 53billion P3: P3:MOB promising and dangers，risk1：expanding and overextending too fast3a.expanding and overextending too fast make substantial investments in staff…3b. SC must soon result in orders, or morale and financial heal health will suffer.P4: 4：risk2: WOC cash in through formation of joint ventures 4a.WOC and MOB legitimately team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone5. But CR and MOB complained “fronts”, not full partnersP5:6.risk3: MOB became dependent6a. MOB difficult to broaden customer bases. have to struggle against complacency.例题：▼• 4.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author‘s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements was substantial(定位到P2)• (A) Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.（反了，这是support）• (B) Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.（原文是1972-1977年，问牛答马）• (C) The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.（没有涉及1972-1977的情况，而且没有涉及金额的减少）• (D) The estimate of corporate spending withminority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $10 million too high.（脱离1972-1977的假设,无根据假设）• (E) The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.根据题干定位到p2，我们分析一下这道题的现象，结论及推理过程是什么，然后进行weaken▷现象：少数民族企业的公司合同金额由少到多。

GMAT逻辑推理题型解析GMAT 考试作为全球知名的商学院入学考试，其逻辑推理部分对于考生的思维能力有着较高的要求。

逻辑推理题型种类繁多，理解并掌握各类题型的特点和解题方法是取得高分的关键。

一、加强论证题加强论证题要求考生找出能够支持给定论点的选项。

这类题目通常会给出一个论点和一些相关的论据，然后让考生从选项中选择能够增强该论点的内容。

例如：有人认为经常锻炼能提高人的免疫力。

以下哪个选项最能加强这一观点？A 一项研究表明，长期坚持锻炼的人比不锻炼的人更少生病。

B 锻炼可以促进身体的血液循环，增强心肺功能。

在这个例子中，A 选项通过具体的研究结果，直接说明了锻炼的人与不锻炼的人在生病频率上的差异，有力地加强了“经常锻炼能提高人的免疫力”这一论点；B 选项虽然提到了锻炼对身体的一些好处，但并没有直接指向免疫力的提高。

解答加强论证题的关键在于理解论点的核心内容，并分析每个选项与论点之间的关联程度。

选项中能够提供新的证据、解释原因或者消除反对意见的往往是正确答案。

二、削弱论证题与加强论证题相反，削弱论证题要求考生找出能够削弱给定论点的选项。

比如：有人说吃水果可以减肥。

以下哪个选项最能削弱这一说法？A 水果中含有大量的糖分，摄入过多反而会导致体重增加。

B 只吃水果会导致营养不均衡，影响身体健康。

这里 A 选项直接指出水果中含有的糖分可能导致体重增加，对“吃水果可以减肥”的论点进行了有力的削弱；B 选项说的是吃水果导致营养不均衡影响健康，而不是针对减肥这一论点，与论点的关联度较小。

对于削弱论证题，要善于找出论点中的漏洞和不合理之处，选项中能够提供反例、指出论证缺陷或者提出其他解释的通常是正确答案。

三、假设题假设题要求考生找出使给定论证成立所必需的前提条件。

例如：某公司认为提高员工福利可以提高员工的工作效率。

以下哪个选项是上述论证所必需的假设？A 员工会因为福利的提高而感到满意，从而更愿意努力工作。

B 公司有足够的资金来提高员工福利。