浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(1)

2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（2）解析答案科普知识（阅读理解）由(2009安徽,C)改编Sometimes,the simplest ideas are the best.For example,to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large,flat,black surfaces.One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially,on the roofs of buildings.But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already,in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads?Ten years ago,this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt,a Dutch engineer.He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up.The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes.Most of them run from one side of the street to the other,just under the asphalt road.Some,however,dive deep into the ground.When the street surface gets hot in summer,water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built.The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers,warming the groundwater,before returning to the surface through another pipe.The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.In winter,the working system is changed slightly.Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer.This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up.After performing that task,it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.1.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?()A.Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.rge,flat,black surfaces need to be built in cities.C.The Dutch engineer’s system ha s been widely used.D.Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used?()A.To absorb heat from the sun.B.To store heat for future use.C.To turn solar energy into heat energy.D.To carry heat down below the surface.3.From the last paragraph we can learn that .A.some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterB.the system can do more than warming up the buildingC.the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaceD.less heat may be collected in winter than in summer4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?()A.What we shall do if the system goes wrong.B.What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.C.How the system cools the building in summer.D.How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.语篇解读:城市的黑色柏油路有了用武之地,可以用来收集热量,起到冬暖夏凉的功效。

2013浙江省高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（科普知识类）（1）（解析）C8 科普知识类（一）[2012·长沙市雅礼中学第四次月考]A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation.There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible, absent from the conversation.The telephone used to connect you to the absent.Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent.Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction.With e-mail and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person anymore.Directory assistance is almost always fully automated.I am not against modern technology.I own a cell phone, an A TM card, a voice-mail system, and an e-mail account.Giving them up isn't wise, they're a great help to us.It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy.More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation, or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I didn' t really have time to talk.The industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier, or at least facilitating my antisocial instincts.So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging with people who live near me, no cell-phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home.16．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A.The Advance of Communications TechnologyB.The Consequences of Modern TechnologyC.The Story of the Communications RevolutionD.The Automation of Modern Communications17．The sentence “Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent”means that _________.A．the people sitting beside you have to go away to receive phone callB．you can hardly get in touch with the people sitting beside youC．modern technology makes it hard for people to have a face-to-face talkD．people can now go to work without going to the office18．The writer feels that the use of modern communications is _________.A．satisfying B．encouragingC．disappointing D．embarrassing19．The passage implies that ________.A．modern technology is bridging peopleB．modern technology is separating peopleC．modern technology is developing too fastD．modern technology is interrupting our communication20．What does the underlined word “facilitating” mean?A．加深B．限制C．帮助D．装备【要点综述】本文主要论述现代技术的消极影响——现代技术的使用在疏远人与人之间的距离。

2023届高考英语二轮阅读理解专题之科普知识类说明文（含参考答案、核心词汇背诵默写版、参考译文）A篇Every person yawns. So do many other vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals, including snakes, dogs, cats, sharks, and chimpanzees. While yawning is contagious (会传染的), not everyone catches a yawn. Around 60-70% of people yawn if they see another person yawn in real life or in a photo or even read about yawning. Contagious yawning also occurs in animals, but it doesn’t necessarily work the same way as in people.Scientists have proposed many theories for why we catch yawns. Probably the most popular theory is that yawning serves as a form of nonverbal communication. Catching a yawn shows you’re accustomed to a person’s emotions. Scientific evidence comes from a 2010 study at the University of Connecticut, which concluded yawning does not become contagious until a child is about four years old when empathy (共情) skills develop. In the study, children with autism, who may have impaired empathy development, caught yawns less often than their peers.Studying contagious yawning in other animals may provide clues to how people catch yawns. Contagious yawning in animals may serve as a means of communication. Siamese fighting fish yawn when they see their mirror image or another fighting fish, generally just prior to an attack.Contagious yawning is linked to temperature, in both animals and people. Most scientists speculate it is a thermoregulatory behavior, while some researchers believe it is used to communicate a potential threat or stressful situation. A 2010 study of budgerigars (虎皮鹦鹉) found that yawning increased as temperature was raised near body temperature.People commonly yawn when tired or bored. Similar behavior is seen in animals. One study found the brain temperature in sleep deprived rats was higher than their core temperature. Yawning reduced brain temperature, possibly improving brainfunction. Researchers will do further study on this.1.What can we learn about yawning from Paragraph 1?A．All animals yawn.B．Reading about yawning may make a person yawn.C．Only vertebrate animals yawn.D．Yawning works the same for human and animals.2. Why does the author mention children with autism in Paragraph 2?A．To prove a theory.B．To define a conceptC．To develop the theme.D．To provide the background.3. Siamese fighting fish yawn to ________.A．show kindness.B．find a partner.C．give a threat.D．escape from danger.4. What can be inferred from the passage?A．More research in yawning will be carried out in the future. B．Temperature is not a factor concerning yawning.C．The secret to yawing has been worked out.D．Yawning can improve brain function greatly.B篇Using the power of artificial intelligence (AI) , scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction. Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms (生物体) to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.Dr. Hoyal Cuthill, the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, said in a statement, “Some of the mostchallenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species. New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human-readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see.”They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought. Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption (中断), AI detected “big five” mass extinctions, seven more mass extinctions, two mass extinction-radiation events, and 15 mass radiations. Most importantly, it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other, changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle-like species radiation of nature. It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation. Take the Cambrian eruption for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the record of the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity, including the Cambrian eruption, usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated (隔离) from extinction. Dr. Nicholas Guttenberg, a study co-author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained, “Ecosystems are dynamic and you don't need anything to exist to allow something new to appear.”1. What does the first paragraph serve as?A. An explanation of artificial intelligence.B. A background of researchers' study.C. The reasons for creative destruction.D. The result of researchers' new study.2. What can we infer from Dr. Hoyal Cuthill's words?A. AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution.B. Understanding the history of life is very difficult.C. New AI machines learn applications better.D. Biological evolution can be controlled easily.3. What is the researchers' discovery?A. Mass extinction is unlikely to cause evolutionary radiation.B. The first animal with modern features occurred during eruption.C. The volcanic eruption led to a mass extinction and radiation.D. The idea of deep cycle-like species radiation has turned out true.4. What is the text mainly about?A. New processes of biological evolution.B. New view of radiation from natural species.C. New understanding of mass extinction.D. New outbreaks of biological populations.C篇Midway through The Matrix, Cypher feasts on an enormous steak, well aware that his reality is not real, part of a digital program telling his brain that the steak is a construction and that it is “juicy and delicious.” Two decades after the movie made its first appearance, something unexpected arises: The future of reality will not only be virtual but also synthetic (合成的). Cypher’s future meal will be a physical one, synthesized from animal cells.And the synthesis goes beyond dinner. Starting with components from the natural world, scientists are learning to engineer microorganisms and build biocomputing systems. However, biology has a tendency to evolve in unexpected ways.Synthesized meat is one case in point. The driving forces behind the meat movement are practical. It has been estimated that cultured (培育的) meat would require 7 to 45 percent less energy and produce 78 to 96 percent less greenhouse gas than conventional animals farmed for consumption. But once we’re able to synthesize meat, theoretically, we’ll have the capability to culture meat from any animal, even those we’d never consider eating today, like dolphins or chimpanzees, which will pose a new regulatory challenge for us.Using synthetic biology, we can even edit and rewrite life, the technology of which are already in use. In 2021, scientists in some countries announced they had grown monkey embryos injected with human stem cells. Here comes the situationworth considering: such a monkey-human hybrid will demonstrate qualities that are somewhere between humans, on which experimentation isn’t allowed, and animals, which are often raised specifically for research. How will we decide when an animal becomes too human?Depending on where you stand, the synthetic realities land somewhere between “really exciting” and “critically concerning.” As individuals, we undertake a shared responsibility to make good choices about this coming synthetic technology.1.What do we know about Cypher’s steak in the movie?A．It is anything but appetizing.B．It is enjoyed in a virtual world.C．It is synthesized from animal cell.D．It is a construction made by himself.2. What’s the advantage of synthesized meat?A．It is more nutritious.B．It is more energy-consuming.C．It is more environment-friendly.D．It is more controllable in regulation.3. What is the author’s attitude to the experiment in Paragraph 4?A．Cautious.B．Favorable.C．Pessimistic.D．Indifferent.4. What is the purpose of the text?A．To popularize synthetic technology.B．To indicate challenges of synthetic technology.C．To stress the importance of synthetic technology.D．To introduce the development of synthetic technology.参考答案A1.B2.A3.C4.A参考答案B1.D2.A3.A4.C参考答案C1.B2.C3.A4.B1.yawn/jɔːn/v.打哈欠2.shark n.鲨鱼3.contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/adj.传染的4.propose v.提议- proposal n.提议5.theory n.理论6.verbal&oral adj.口头的7.be accustomed to doing sth8.impair/ɪmˈpeə(r)/v.损害，削弱9.peer n.同龄人10.clue n.线索11.serve as a means of communication充当交流的手段12.mirror image 镜像13.prior to...先于......14.speculate/ˈspekjuleɪt/v.猜测15.a potential threat/buyer/customer潜在的危险/买家/顾客16.a stressful situation17.deprive/dɪˈpraɪv/ v.剥夺，使丧失18.core n.核心，果核19.brain function大脑功能20.concerning prep.关心1.yawn/jɔːn/v._____2.shark n._____3.contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/adj.______4.propose v.提议- ________ n.提议5.theory n._____6._______&oral adj.口头的7.be accustomed ____(do) sth8.______/ɪmˈpeə(r)/v.损害，削弱9._____ n.同龄人10._____ n.线索11.serve as ___ means of communication充当交流的手段12.mirror image _____13.prior ___...先于......14.________/ˈspekjuleɪt/v.猜测15.a potential threat/buyer/customer潜在的_____/____/_____16.a ________(stress) situation17.________/dɪˈpraɪv/ v.剥夺，使丧失18._______ n.核心，果核19.brain function_______20.________(concern) prep.关于1.reveal v.揭露2.insight into...对......的洞悉3.destruction n.破坏4.mass extinction 大规模灭绝5.contrary to conventional knowledge和传统知识相反anism/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.生物，有机体organic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adj.有机的7.radiate/ˈreɪdieɪt/v.流露，辐射8.evolve v.进化- evolution n.进化- evolutionary adj.进化的9.be associated with...和......有关10.timeline n.时间轴11.so to speak也就是说12.palm/pɑːm/n.手掌13.conclude- conclusion n.结论14.massive adj.大规模的15.it appears that…看来16.engine n.动力，引擎17.fossil/ˈfɒs(ə)l/n.化石18.the dawn of civilization文明的开端19.a handful of...少量的20.notable adj.显著的21.explode- explosion n.爆炸22.co- author联名作者23.ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.生态系统24.dynamic/daɪˈnæmɪk/adj.动态的，充满活力的1._______ v.揭露2.insight _____...对......的洞悉3.destruction n.破坏4.mass extinction ________5.contrary ____ conventional knowledge和传统知识相反anism/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.________ organic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adj.______7.radiate/ˈreɪdieɪt/v.__________8.evolve v.进化- ________ n.进化- _________ adj.进化的9.be associated ____...和......有关10.timeline n.______11.so to speak________12._______/pɑːm/n.手掌13.conclude- ________n.结论14._______ adj.大规模的15.it appears that…看来...16_______ n.动力，引擎17.fossil/ˈfɒs(ə)l/n._____18.the _____ of civilization文明的开端19.a handful of...少量的20._______(note) adj.显著的21.explode- _______ n.爆炸22.co- author联名作者23.ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.________24._________/daɪˈnæmɪk/adj.动态的，充满活力的核心词汇C1.feast on ...尽情享受2.enormous/ɪˈnɔːməs/adj.巨大的3.construction/kənˈstrʌkʃn/n.建设4.juice- juicy taste- tastyponent/kəmˈpəʊnənt/n.成分6.have a tendency to do sth 趋势，倾向7.evolve- evolution - evolutionary8.in an unexpected way9.a driving force 动力10.it is estimated that…11.conventional adj.传统的12.consume- consumption n.消费13.theory- theoretical adj.理论上的14.capable- capability n.能力15.have the capability to do sth16.consider doing sth17.pose a new threat/challenge 18.edit v.编辑- editor n.编辑19.inject/ɪnˈdʒekt/ v.注射20.embryo/ˈembriəʊ/ n.胚胎21.popular- popularize v.普及22.stem cells 干细胞23.demonstrate v.展示24.hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/n.混合物，杂种25.undertake a shared responsibility承担共同责任1.feast ____ ...尽情享受2.__________/ɪˈnɔːməs/adj.巨大的3._________/kənˈstrʌkʃn/n.建设4.juice-_____ taste- ______5.________/kəmˈpəʊnənt/n.成分6.have a _______ to do sth 趋势，倾向7.evolve- evolution - _________8.___ an unexpected way9.a driving force 动力10.___ is estimated that…11._________ adj.传统的12.consume- _________ n.消费13.theory- theoretical adj._____14.capable- _________ n.能力15.have the capability___(do) sth16.consider ______(do) sth17.____ a new threat/challenge 18.edit v.编辑- ______ n.编辑19._____/ɪnˈdʒekt/ v.注射20.embryo/ˈembriəʊ/ n.______21.popular- __________ v.普及22.stem cells ______23.__________ v.展示24.hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/n.混合物，杂种25.undertake a ______(share) responsibility承担共同责任参考译文A每个人都会打哈欠。

2022高考英语二轮阅读理解归类复习—科普知识（详解）AScientists at Royal Holloway，University of London and Queen Mary，University of London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the“traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this.The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visitall locations on his route puters solve it by comparing the length of allpossible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy fordays.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size ofgrass seed.Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.”The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.As well as improving our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating crops and wild flowers，this research，which is due to be published in The American Naturalist，has other applications.Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads，information flow on the Web and business supply chains.By understanding how bees can solve their problems with such a tiny brain，we can improve our management of these everyday networks without needing lots of computer time.Dr.Raine adds，“Despite their tiny brains bees are capable of extraordinary feats of behavior.We need to understand how they can solve the traveling salesman problem without a computer.”Note：pollinate v t.授粉【语篇解读】英国的科学家发觉，蜜峰在花丛中飞行时，总是能够找到最近的路线，那个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。

2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-科普知识与现代技术（1）AyearagoAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hi swife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,a ndthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmeric answhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift—$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially，”saysDave. ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveunexpectedlegacyfromth eHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000. ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million—theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm. ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theythr ivedon(喜欢)comparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore，checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparent scouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything，”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden,“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatch es’wishthattheirlegacy—alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents—shouldenrichthewholecommunity(社区)andlastforgenerationstocome. Neighborshelpingneighbors—thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.【出处：济南中学2018寒假练习】体裁：夹叙夹议话题：本文主要介绍了一对关心邻里、无私奉献的夫妻。

每一题型独立页面设计，可裁下上交作业，方便教师检查批阅。

每课时突破一个题型，学生先做，教师后评。

阅读理解题型突破(一)细节理解题(A卷)(加彩的题目为细节理解题，本卷限时20分钟)A(2018·金丽衢十二校联考)Fitness bands like the Apple Watch and the Fitbit aim to track something like heart rate.But early models weren’t all that accurate.We thought of them a little bit like random number generators (生成器)．They really didn’t seem to be providing anything that bore any relationship to heart rate.Euan Ashley, a cardiologist (心脏病专家), studies wearables at Stanford University.He and his colleagues have now tested seven newer fitness bands, from brands like Apple, Fitbit to others and he says those heart rate statistics have gotten much better.“Yeah we were pleasantly surprised actually by how good the accur acy of the heart rate monitoring was.”For most of the devices, the error rate was less than 5%, which is good enough for your doctor.But where all the devices failed to measure up was estimating calories burned.Even the most accurate devices were off by 30%, compared to lab measurements of energy consumption.One device was off by more than 90%.If you think about going to the gym and working out for an hour and maybe that’s around 400 calories, then in reality that could be anything from 200 to 800.And that’s a big difference if you’re thinking about somebody who’s incorporating those estimates into their lifestyle and particular thinking about what to eat that evening based on the workout they did that afternoon.The results are in the Journal of Personalized Medicine.The reason for the discrepancy, Ashley says, could be that we all burn energy at different rates and that’s hard to calculate from simple input statistics like weight and height.Some people are incredibly efficient and look incredibly elegant when they run.And others really clearly look like they’re burning a lot more calories to cover the same amount of ground.So if you own a wearable, it’s probably safe to trust the heart data.But what it can’t tell you is whether your time on the treadmill (跑步机) really justifies that chocolate bar.语篇解读：像苹果手表等大多数的智能穿戴产品对心脏的数据监测是有效的，但是，这些产品对卡路里的燃烧数据记录却不精确，误差很大，因此，我们不能完全依赖这些设备来决定我们的生活方式。

2020届《高考英语学科复习关键问题指导与训练》选送（二）（1---40篇科普类阅读理解）一、存在问题及错误原因分析近年高考科普类阅读理解文本多为自然科学类或者人文社科类的说明文和论说文，2018和2019年全国卷I阅读理解试题中人文社科类和自然科学类的文本各有一篇，出现在C篇和D篇，占据阅读理解四选一试题的半壁江山。

高考中考生在科普类阅读理解语篇中的得分率较低，从近年我省高考实测数据来看，科普类文本的难度值低于阅读理解四选一平均难度的试题占到难题中的66.67%。

具体试题归类如下：（一）细节理解题2题28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?（2018年C篇）A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.【分析】本题为推理判断题，正确答案为B。

该题的难度为0.43。

误选D的考生达到52.25%。

体现出我省部分考生语篇意识不强，不关注上下文语境关联性，存在一知半解、似是而非的情况，无法基于文本信息进行正确的理解和推断。

30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?（2019年C篇）A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.【分析】本题为细节理解题，正确答案为B。

该题的难度为0.51，属于难题。

误选C的考生达到23.27%。

考生在于审题能力不足，信息定位失误，错将事实当成期待。

专题限时训练(二十九) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：每篇7分钟)(一)How you end a computer session depends on how you use the computer, your views on energy conservation (能源的节约), and what you have been told about how your decision will affect your inves tment’s longevity: will frequent starting and stopping cause its circuits(电路) to burn out sooner?Rest easy, your computer is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet than by being turned off and on too much. They are also energy­efficient: such efficiency has reached the point where most computers place themselves in sleep mode if they remain idle (闲置的) for a certain period of time. So your computer will likely slip into sleep mode anyway, even if you leave it on overnight.Sleep mode itself, once a pretty unreliable option—you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot (重新启动) it—has been vastly improved with newer operating systems. If you want your computer to consume as little energy as possible when not in use, shut it down. If you want it to consume zero energy, you’re going to have to unplug (拔去……的电源插头) it.Your computer can be in only three states: on, sleep or off—each of which draws some level of electric current.A computer that is “on” will either be actively processing information or sitting idle, depending on whether the user is typing a document, reading an e­mail or has stepped away briefly. The amount of wattage (瓦特数) drawn when the computer is on varies greatly depending on whether it is a laptop or a desktop computer. The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger, power­hungry monitor. It also varies based on the type of work being done: complex calcu lations requiring intensive processing are more power­hungry, whereas writing or Web browsing consumes far less electricity.( )1.If sleep mode goes wrong, what will probably happen to your computer?A．It will consume as little energy as possible.B．It is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet.C．It will have to be rebooted when used again.D．It has to be shut down and unplugged.D. whether the computer systems are new.( )3. When does a computer consume the most energy?B．a desktop computer is larger than a laptop computer in sizeC．a desktop computer performs more kinds of work than a laptop computer D．a desktop computer is not energy­efficient( )5.Which of the following is implied in the first two paragraphs?A．Frequent starting and stopping can damage a computer.B．A computer’s longevity depends more on the prope r way you use it.C．A virus picked up from the Internet is likely to damage a computer.D．The more often you use a computer, the more smoothly it works.(二)When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy­efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks. But it was the boxfish (盒子鱼)that interested them.“We were surprised when this clumsy­looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic (空气动力学的)car”，says Thomas Weber. He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler. An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop，back up and zigzag (曲折前进)through the water with ease. And it does all this using surprisingly little energy. Daimler’s bionic (仿生学的)car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal (骨骼的) system. Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily. It’s efficient too.The science behind nature­inspired inventions is called biomimicry (生物仿生). Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term. As co­founder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.This month，the Nature’s 100 Best List will be reve aled at the World Conservation Congress (代表大会)in Barcelona，Spain. Benyus co­authored the list of nature­inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.In Zimbabwe， a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy­efficient buildings modeled on termi te (白蚁)mounds (土堆). The buildings use vents (孔) to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self­cleaning paint modeled on the lotus (荷花)leaf. When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf. Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.Nature has done billions of years of research. Only the best­designed products have survived. Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless. Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as colorful. But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us. Take a walk outside. Watch a squirrel climb up a tree. Look closely at the veins (纹理)of a leaf. Hear the birds chirping in the trees. Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.( )6.Which is TRUE according to the passage?A．In America a self­cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.C．After the boxfish，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.( )7.The clumsy­looking boxfish interes ted the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.A．it swims using little energyB．being boxy, it looks quite like a carC．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water D．it is a speedy swimmer( )8.Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more­efficient car.D．They wanted to study the science of survival.( )9.We can infer all of the following from the passage EXCEPT ________.A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the skyB．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creationsD．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors( )10.What’s the main idea of the passage?A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industr y comes from nature.D．The Nature’s 100 Best List.(三)If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2012.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car­plane, the Transition, to c ustomers by the end of 2012.“It’s the next ‘wow’ vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”The car plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meetvehicle safety regulations.The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go. When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.The car­plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)conditions.The Transition’s price tag: $194,000. But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a full­plane parachute.“If y ou get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. “We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps，” Brown said.( )11.We can learn from the first paragraph that________.A．car­planes will be popular in 2012B．people might drive a car­plane in 2012C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and landD．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts( )12.It takes the car­plane o ne minute to________.A．fold and unfold its wingsB．unfold wings for flyingC．land in the airportD．meet flying safety regulations( )13.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A．The car­plane needs a runw ay to take off and land.B．To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.C．The car­plane may fly as high as normal planes.D．People can park the car­plane in the garage at their home.( )14.The underlined word “it” in the last but o ne paragraph refers to________.A．the radioB．the transponderC．the GPSD．the full­plane parachute( )15.What’s the best title for the passage?A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The CornerB．Which To Choose: A Ferrari Or A Car­Plane?C．A More Convenient And Cheaper Way To FlyD．Cars With Wings Can Fly As Fast As Plane专题限时训练(二十九)(一)1．C 细节理解题。

2021年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（2）(I)科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx山东,C)改编You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain—sensing umbrella.The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said.The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor,there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded toprotect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?( )A.To predict a heavy rain.B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from the rain.D.To remind people to take an umbrella.2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?()A.His creation was inspired by an experience.B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?( )A.motor→canopy→sensorsB.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors4.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?( )A.Its moving speed.B.Its appearance.C.Its installation.D.Its safety.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( )A.The designer will open a pany to promote his product.B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。

科普知识阅读理解（2）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012新课标全国,B)改编Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar,it is also delicious.Most people,and many animals,like eating it.However,the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it.Often,these nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa,though,people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey,but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房).The little bird cannot reach this wax,which is deep inside the bees’ nest.So,when it finds a suitable nest,it looks for someone to help it.The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people.Once it has their attention,it flies through the forest,waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.When they finally arrive at the nest,the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.Some of the honey,and the wax,always falls to the ground,and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax,but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives,and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.1.Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest?()A.It’s small in size.B.I t’s hidden in trees.C.It’s covered with wax.D.It’s hard to recognize.2.What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to?()A.A bee.B.A bird.C.A honey seeker.D.A beekeeper.3.The honey guide is special in the way .A.it gets its foodB.it goes to churchC.it sings in the forestD.it reaches into bees’ nests4.What can be the best title for the text?( )A.Wild BeesB.Wax and HoneyC.Beekeeping in AfricaD.Honey-Lover’s Helper语篇解读:本文为说明文。

2022浙江高考英语二轮科普学问阅读理解（1）解析答案科普学问（阅读理解）由(2022山东,D)改编For those who are tired of doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it’s not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokes person Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.1.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?()A.The machine will be a big success.B.Their wives like doing the laundry.C.The machine is unrelated to their life.D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines?()A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B.They can be controlled with a smartphone.C.They are difficult to operate.D.They are sold at a low price.3.We can conclude from Samsung’s statements that .A.the app connection makes life easierB.it is better to dry clothes in the morningC.smartphones can shorten the drying timeD.we should refresh clothes back at home4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?()A.The laundry should be frequently checked.zy people like using such machines.C.Good technologies also cause problems.D.Television may help do the laundry.语篇解读:本文属于科普学问类。

第四讲 根据上下文推断词句的含义——词句猜测题词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中，常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种简单命题形式。

高考词句猜测题题量统计考纲解读 年份浙江卷 (1)正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

(2)英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同。

能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

(3)阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。

2019.6 1(句子Money with nostrings attached 的含义)2018.11 1(短语get bogged down的含义)2018.61(单词headwinds 的含义) 2017.11 1(短句work it out of her system 的含义)2017.61(句子The cat’s lot wasabout to improve 的含义)【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题最常见的命题方式：(1)The phrase“...” in the sentence could be replaced by “________”．(2)The underlined word “...” in paragraph...refers to ________．(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the...paragraph ？/What does the underlined word mean in the...paragraph?(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？(5)T he underlined word “...” most probably means “________”．(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________．Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度：(1)猜测生词或熟词的含义。

2022高考英语二轮（浙江）科普学问阅读理解（1）解析答案科普学问（阅读理解）由(2021新课标全国Ⅰ,B)改编The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉).Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two,shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s .A.sense of hearingB.sense of sightC.sense of touchD.sense of smell2.Babies are sensitive to the change in .A.the size of cardsB.the colour of picturesC.the shape of patternsD.the number of objects3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?()A.To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.B.To see how babies recognize sounds.C.To carry their experiment further.D.To keep the babies’ interest.4.Where does this text probably come from?()A.Science fiction.B.Children’s literature.C.An advertisement.D.A science report.语篇解读:本文为说明文。

2022浙江省高考英语二轮专项：阅读理解（文化教育类）（1）（解析）C5 文化教育类（一）[2020·广东普宁英才侨中、建新高中月考]Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree.In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for one semester.A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period.It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to future employers.All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court.With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and will be of benefit to him later in his career.21．Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.A．36B．12C．20D．1522．According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed to ________.A.live in a different universityB.take a particular course in a different universityC.live at home and drive to schoolD.get two degrees from two different universities23．American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________.A.their academic performance will affect their future careersB.they are heavily involved in student affairsC.they have to obey university disciplineD.they want to run for positions of authority24．Some students are enthusiastic for position in student organizations probably because________.A.they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB.they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC.such positions help them get better jobsD.such positions are usually well paid25．The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.A.dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB.ensuring that the students obey university regulationsC.evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a courtD.keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities要点综述】本文讲述美国大学生要毕业并拿到学位，必须学习一定数量的课程，并拿到该课程的学分。

阅读理解阅读理解真题检测(一) 2018年6月浙江高考AIn 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century —most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most pa rt, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casu’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。