临床英语

临床医学(Clinical Medicine)to strive to be among the top 100 in my field has always been my aspiration. for the materialization of this aspiration, i have dedicated all my enthusiasm and energy to my academic endeavors—both my studies and research—over the past few years. however, to my dismay, the unsatisfactory research conditions in china have caused the research and the therapeutic level in the field of my specialization, namely clinical medicine /gastroenterology, to lag behind those of the developed countries in the west by at least 10 years. many of the original ideas that i have developed on certain issues in my field cannot be fully put into practice on account of the limitations in personnel, experimental facilities and research funds. consequently, i strongly wish that i can be admitted into your esteemed university to undertake an advanced degree program in clinical medicine & gastroenterology.i have cherished a deep and long yearning for a chance to study at your university. as early as the years when i was an undergraduate at the department of medicine of (provincial) medical university, i had a chance to read the book the reach of helicobacter pylori edited by some professors of your university which influenced me to take up the study of digestive diseases as my area of specialization. later, during my master’s program, i focused on the development of the chronic stomach disease (gastrosia) and the incidence of the gastric cancer. the comprehensive research and practice that i have performed in this area further reinforce my determination to seek advanced studies at your university when there should be an opportunity. this is because your esteemed university enjoys a very highacademic reputation for the research work you have carried out in the field of digestive disease study. this ensures that if i can be admitted into your program i will be part of your well-respected program and i will be able to undertake in-depth study and develop a close understanding of the most updated theories and technical developments in this field. by working together and exchanging experiences with the world’s leading experts in this field, i will be exposed to wholly novel ideas of research and significantly broaden my academic vision.at the same time, as china is a country with a high incidence of hepatopathy (liver disease), i believe that i can make important contributions to the relevant research projects of your university with my rich clinical experience in this field. of course, i am fully aware that, to be able to enroll in your prestigious and time-honored university, i will be inevitably confronted with fierce competitions from other elitist students the world over. but i have full confidence in myself as a worthy candidate for your program based on my past education, research and clinical experience, as well as my aspiration to develop myself into a leading expert in china in my chosen area.at the department of medicine and the graduate school of medical university, i respectively completed my bachelor’s program and my master’s program in internal medicine. through my academic endeavors, i have not only laid a firm yet comprehensive groundwork in medical theories, becoming well-read in classic medical literature, but also developed a sound ability in rigorous yet flexible logical thinking and a sense of scientific commitment. i am relatively strong at probing, from a micro perspective, into the etiopathologic and developmental mechanisms, at theoretically deducing the process of the genesisof a pathological state, and at demonstrating it through well-designed experiments. during heated classroom discussions, i could always convince my classmates with my eloquent presentation, rigorous logical analysis and detailed experimental statistics. in addition to that, i have also won general recognition from the teachers and professors who taught me.my research capacity, creative thinking and experimental skills experienced further improvement as i joined a research group at the research institute of digestive diseases to undertake a research project for my master’s program. under the leadership of prof. , the most celebrated specialist on digestion, i participated in the project the development of chronic stomach disease (gastrosia) & the mechanism of cancerization sponsored by provincial bureau of public health. in this project, i focused my research on the mechanism of action and the cellular immunity of the catalyst subunit telomerase in cancerization and investigated, through a microscopic approach, the clinical significance that those two factors may produce on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the gastric cancer. my thesis, entitled the expression of htert mrna and cellular immunity in gastric cancer and precancerosis won high evaluations from prof. and prof. and other specialists from union hospital and the no. 1 clinical medical institute of university. they rated my thesis as “demonstrating originality in conception and effective methodology, enriching relevant theories and having marked clinical significance.”i have accumulated much practical clinical experience since i started working at the no. 2 hospital of medical university which is classified as the “grade-a class-iii” hospital (t he highest ranking for a hospital in china). based on my research during the master’s program, i expanded my research area to include thestudy on gastric cancer. i have published a total of six papers (please refer to my resume for more detailed information), including the latest the expression and the clinical implication of the catalyst subunit telomerase in gastric cancer and precancerosis, in the world journal of gastroenterology and other leading journals in china and collected into science citation index-expanded index medicus /medline and chemical abstracts. some of those papers were designated to be presented at annual conference on digestion in and province.while undertaking research, i have received formal and comprehensive training as resident physician of internal medicine and obtained national doctor license. through the training program i have grasped the pathogenetic mechanisms of gastrointestinal and liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrinopathy, pulimonary and connectiv tissue diseases and their corresponding diagnosis and treatment. in less than two years after working at the hospital, i passed the national-level qualifying examination to have achieved the qualifications as the physician-in-charge in digestive internal medicine.helicobacter pylori has been regarded as the key factor in the incidence of gastric diseases and the contributing factor in cancerization. the research in this field has reached the molecular level. i have a good foundation of academic research in this aspect. china has a high incidence of liver diseases and a large proportion of patients i deal with in my daily work are those of hepatitis, allowing me to acquire abundance clinical experience and deep understanding concerning the genesis of the hepatitis and the disease-causing mechanism of the viruses. those two fields will be the area of focus in my prospective program at your university. ideally, i hope to achieve some breakthroughtheoretically and technically.for too many times, i have witnessed the enfeeblement of the otherwise robust life of patients due to their physiological conditions. the horror of seeing the gradual dwindling of a strong-willed life is simply beyond description. but i have largely transmuted this horror into a motivation behind all my academic endeavors and professional practices. for me, success has only one meaning, that is, to unravel the mysteries of the diseases pestering human beings and to contribute to the well-being of my patients.。

临床医学英语Part I V ocabulary (30 points)Section ADirections: Choose the definition from choices marked A), B),C) and D) that best matches the stem or affix given in each item.1. therm/o-A) temperature B) suture C) fracture D) structure2. aryA) contrary to B) related to C) parallel with D) coupled with3. meno-A) period B) perineal C) parturient D) plaque4. lev/o-A) right B) left C) upper D) lower5. lenti-A) molecule B) massage C) slow D) serum6. scler/o-A) focus B) strengthen C) intensify D) harden7. scopyA) predisposition B) presentation C) circulation D) examination8. lapar/o-A) cervix B) abdomen C) pleura D) breech9. cholecyst/o-A) bile B) spleen C) pancreas D) gall bladder10. neo-A) excessive B) deficient C) new D) few11. hyster/o-A) placenta B) uterus C) viscera D) striatum12. estr/o-A) felid B) fomite C) forceps D) female13. ser/o-A) saturation B) sedation C) serum D) sodium14. -poieticA) productive B) conductive C) progressive D) indicative15. gynec/o-A) felid B) fomite C) female D) forceps16. meterA) infusion B) instrument C) incontinence D) increment17. -onA) probe B) plaque C) particle D) pleura18. chole-A) bile B) spleen C) pancreas D) gall bladder19. tele-A) titer B) thermal C) futile D) far20. ectomyA) exception B) excision C) exertion D) examinationSection BDirections: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.21.Cerebral thrombotic strokes often occur at night or first thing in the morning, when bloodpressure is low. They re often preceded by a transient __________ attack, also called a TIAor mini-stroke.A) irreversible B) inexorable C) idiopathic D) ischemic22.Health care workers with__________ exposures to HIV-containing blood, however, are infected fewer than 1 in 300 times.A) prognostic B) pleuritic C) percutaneous D) proviral23. A __________ infection is just a fancy way of saying an infection caught while staying in the hospital. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi or other agents.A) nosocomial B) terminal C) precordial D) intracranial24. Obesity, diabetes, and hypertension also affect the kidneys. Diabetic __________ develops in about one third of patients with diabetes, and its incidence is sharply increasing in the developing world.A) neuropathy B) neuralgia C) nephropathy D) nephralgia25. General __________, administered by inhalation or intravenous injection, cause unconsciousness as well as insensibility to pain, and are used for major surgical procedures.A) akinesia B) anesthesia C) asphyxia D) anorexia26. Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development.For example, an abnormal gene could be swapped for a normal gene through __________ recombination.A)hematopoietic B) heterogeneous C) homologous D) hormonal。

外科学Surgery 外科学Aseptic technique 无菌术Perioperative period 围手术期Preoperative preparation 术前准备Emergency operation 急症手术Confine operation 限期手术Selective operation 择期手术Postoperative complications 术后并发症Non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reaction,NHFTR 非溶血性发热反应Transfusion associated graft versus host disease 输血相关性移植物抗宿主病Autologous blood transfusion 自体输血Predeposited autotransfusion预存式自体输血Fresh frozen plasma，FFP新鲜冰冻血浆Traumatic shock 创伤性休克Parenteral nutrition,PN；intravenous nutrition,IVN 肠外营养Enteral nutrition,EN 肠外营养Oliguria 少尿Anuria 无尿Stress ulcer 应激性溃疡Anesthesiology 麻醉学Clinical anesthesia 临床麻醉Pain management 疼痛治疗First-aid and resuscitation 急救复苏Intensive care 重症治疗Unconsciousness 意识丧失Induction 麻醉诱导Maintenance 麻醉维持Recovery 麻醉苏醒Inhalational anesthesia 吸入麻醉Intravenous anesthesia 静脉麻醉Topical anesthesia 表面麻醉Infiltration anesthesia 局部浸润麻醉Nerve block 神经阻滞Nerve plexus block 神经丛阻滞Intrathecal block 椎管内麻醉Subarachnoid block 蛛网膜下腔阻滞（腰麻，脊麻）Epidural block 硬脊膜外墙阻滞Caudal block 骶管阻滞Combined spinal-epidural,CSE 脊麻-硬膜外联合阻滞Deliberate hypotension 控制性降压Deliberate hypothermia 人工低温American society of anesthesiologists,ASA 美国麻醉学医师协会Sedation 镇静Hypnosis 催眠Analgesia 镇痛Minimal alveolar concentration,MAC 最低肺泡有效浓度Nitrous oxide 氧化亚氮，笑气Halothane 氟烷Enflurane 恩氟烷，安氟醚Isoflurane 异氟烷Sevoflurane 七氟烷，七氟醚Desflurane 地氟烷Thiopental sodium 硫喷妥钠Propofol 丙泊酚，异丙酚Benzodiazepines 苯二氮卓类Diazepam 地西泮，安定Midazolam 咪达唑仑，咪唑安定Ketamine 氯胺酮Etomidate 依托咪酯，乙咪酯Muscle relaxant 肌松药Anesthetic machine 麻醉机Regurgitation 胃内容物反流Aspiration 误吸Apnea 窒息Aspiration pneumonitis 吸入性肺炎Procaine 普鲁卡因Tetracaine 丁卡因Lidocaine 利多卡因Bupivacaine 布比卡因Ropivacaine 罗哌卡因Intensive care unit,ICU 重症监护治疗病房Cardiac arrest 心搏骤停Nociceptor 伤害性感受器Patient-controlled analgesia,PCA病人自控镇痛Furuncle 疖Carbuncle 痈Acute phlegmon 急性蜂窝织炎Dermoid cancer 皮肤癌Melanotic nevus 黑痣，色素痣Melanoma 黑色素瘤Xanthofibroma 黄色纤维瘤Hemangioma 血管瘤Sebum cyst 皮脂囊肿Tendinous or synovial cyst 腱鞘或滑液囊肿Tetanus 破伤风Gas gangrene 气性坏疽Abrasion 擦伤Laceration 撕裂伤Incised wounds 切伤cut wounds 砍伤Puncture wounds 刺伤Contusion 挫伤Crush injury 挤压伤Sprain 扭伤Concussion 震荡伤Luxation and semiluxation 关节脱位和半脱位Debridement 清创术Burns 烧伤Fluid replacement 补液治疗Cold injury 冻伤Organ transplantation 器官移植Donor 供者Recipient 受者Hyperacute rejection,HAR 超急性排斥反应Orthotopic liver transplantation 原位肝移植Laparoscopic surgery 腹腔镜外科Endoscopy 内镜Interventional therapy 介入治疗技术Intracranial hypertension 颅内压增高Intracranial pressure,ICP颅内压Brain herniation 脑疝Transtentorial herniation 小脑幕切迹疝Transforamen magna herniation 枕骨大孔疝，小脑扁桃体疝Craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤Contrecoup injury 对冲伤Whiplash injury 挥鞭伤Glasgow coma score 格拉斯哥昏迷评分Depressed fracture 凹陷性骨折Skull base fracture 颅底骨折Cerebral concussion 脑震荡Cerebral contusion 脑挫裂伤Diffuse axonal injury,DAI 弥漫性轴索损伤Epidural hematoma 硬膜外血肿Subdural hematoma 硬膜下血肿Intracerebral hematoma 脑内血肿Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea 脑脊液鼻漏Otorrhea 耳漏Brain metastasis tumor 脑转移瘤Subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH 蛛网膜下腔出血Intracranial aneurysm 颅内动脉瘤V ascular malformations 颅内血管畸形Arteriovenous malformations,A VM 动静脉畸形Cavernous angiomas 海绵状血管瘤Telangiectasia 毛细血管扩张Congenital hydrocephalus 先天性脑积水Craniostenosis 狭颅症simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿Endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿Nodular goiter 结节性甲状腺肿Hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进，甲亢Thyroid crisis 甲状腺危象Thyroid carcinoma 甲状腺癌Primary hyperparahtyroidism 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进，甲旁亢Radiography with molybdenum target tube 钼靶X线摄片Breast cancer 乳腺癌Radical mastectomy 乳腺癌根治术Total mastectomy 全乳房切除术Emergency room thoracotomy,ERT 急诊室开胸手术Flail chest 连枷胸Sternum fracture 胸骨骨折Closed/open pneumothorax 闭合性/开放性气胸Mediastinal flutter 纵隔扑动Tension pneumothorax 张力性气胸Subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿Hemothorax 血胸Pectus carinatum 鸡胸Empyema 脓胸Pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿Pulmonary bullae 肺大疱，大疱性肺气肿Brochiectasis 支气管扩张Carcinoma of the esophagus 食管癌Thymoma 胸腺瘤Extracorporeal circulation or cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB 体外循环Patent ductus arteriosus,PDA动脉导管未闭Atrial septal defect,ASD 房间隔缺损V entricular septal defect,VSD 室间隔缺损Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉口狭窄Tetralogy of Fallot,TOF 法洛四联症Rheumatic valve disease 风湿性瓣膜病Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣关闭不全Irreducible hernia 难复性疝Incarerated hernia 嵌顿性疝Strangulated hernia 绞窄性疝Indirect inguinal hernia 腹股沟斜疝Femoral hernia 股疝Incisional hernia 切口疝Splenic rupture 脾破裂Secondary peritonitis 继发性腹膜炎Acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers 胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔Pyloric obstruction 幽门梗阻Highly selective vagotomy 超选择性迷走神经切断术Adhesive intestinal obstruction粘连性肠梗阻V olvulus 肠扭转Intussusception 肠套叠Right hemicolectomy 右半结肠切除术Rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂Anorectal abscess 直肠肛管周围脓肿Anal fistula 肛瘘Anal fissure 肛裂Haemorrhoids 痔constipation 便秘Bacterial liver abscess 细菌性肝脓肿Metastatic liver cancer 转移性肝癌Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Shunt operation 分流手术Devascularization operation 断流手术Calot triangle 胆囊三角Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP 经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP 磁共振胆胰管成像Cholelithiasis 胆石病Open cholecystectomy,OC 开腹胆囊切除术Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC 腹腔镜胆囊切除术Gallbladder cancer 胆囊癌Cholangiocarcinoma 胆管癌Pancreatic carcinoma 胰腺癌Pancreatoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术Perampullary adenocarcinoma 壶腹部癌Arteriosclerotic obliterans,ASO 下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症V aricose veins of lower extremity 下肢静脉曲张Deep venous thrombosis,DVT 深静脉血栓Intravenous urography,IVU 静脉尿路造影Plain film of the kidneys, ureter and bladder(KUB) 泌尿系平片Retrograde pyelography,RP 逆行肾盂造影Cystourethrography,CUG 尿道膀胱造影Hydronephrosis 肾积水Benign prostatic hyperplasia 良性前列腺增生症Transurethral resection of prostate,TURP 经尿道前列腺切除术Acute retention of urine 急性尿储留Urolithiasis 尿石症Renal calculi 肾结石Carcinoma of the prostate 前列腺癌Snapping finger 弹响指Angulation displacement 成角移位Lateral displacement 侧方移位Shortened displacement 短缩移位Segregated displacement 分离移位Rotation displacement 旋转移位Comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折Internal/external callus 内/外骨痂Intramembranous ossification 膜内化骨Endochondral ossification 软骨内化骨Anatomic/functional reduction解剖/功能复位Functional exercise 功能锻练Fat embolism syndrome 脂肪栓塞综合症Compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合症Hypostatic pneumonia 坠积性肺炎Bed sore 褥疮Myositis ossification 骨化性肌炎Anchylosis 关节僵硬Acute bone atrophy 急性骨萎缩Ischemic bone necrosis 缺血性骨坏死Delayed union 骨折延迟愈合Nonunion 骨折不愈合Malunion 骨折畸形愈合Painless 无痛Pallor 苍白Paresthesia 感觉异常Paralysis 肌瘫痪Pulselessness 无脉Plaster bandage 石膏绷带Plaster support 石膏托Small splint 小夹板Skeletal traction 骨牵引Joint aspiration 关节穿刺术Manipulative reduction 骨折手法复位Open reduction and internal fixation,ORIF 切开复位内固定Fracture of clavicle 锁骨骨折Humeral shaft fracture 肱骨干骨折Supracondylar fracture of humerus/femur 肱/股骨髁上骨折Fracture of distal end of radius桡骨远端骨折Rest/functional position 休息/功能位Fracture of femoral neck 股骨颈骨折Neck shaft angle 颈干角Anteversion angle 前倾角Femoral calcar 股骨距Intertrochanteric fracture 股骨转子间骨折Fracture of shaft of femur 股骨干骨折Interlocking intramedullary nail 带锁髓内钉Dynamic compression plate,DCP 加压钢板Fracture of patella 髌骨骨折Tibial plateau fracture 胫骨平台骨折Fracture of shaft of tibia and fibula 胫腓骨干骨折Rupture of tendo calcaneus 跟腱断裂Compression fracture 压缩骨折Flexion-distraction fracture 屈曲-分离骨折Rotation fractures 旋转骨折Extension-distraction fracture 伸展-分离骨折Concussion of the spinal cord 骨髓震荡Spinal cord shock 脊髓休克Fracture of pelvis 骨盆骨折Dislocation of joint 关节脱位Replantation of severed limb/finger 断肢/指再植Stenosing tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎Tenosynovitis of hand flexor tendons 手指屈肌腱腱鞘炎Tennis elbow 网球肘，肱骨外上髁炎Frozen shoulder 凝肩，肩周炎A vascular necrosis of the femoral head 股骨头缺血性坏死Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合征Cervical/lumbar disc herniation 颈/腰椎间盘突出症Lumbar spondylolisthesis 腰椎滑脱Pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎Ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎Gout 痛风Hallux valgus 拇外翻Osteochondroma 骨软骨瘤，外生骨疣Giant cell tumor of bone 骨巨细胞瘤Osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤Ewing sarcoma 尤文肉瘤Metastatic tumor of bone 转移性骨肿瘤Synovial chondromatosis 滑膜软骨瘤病妇产科yolk sac 卵黄囊V agina 阴道Uterus 子宫Cervical canal 子宫颈管broad ligament 阔韧带Round ligament 圆韧带Cardinal ligament 主韧带Utero-sacral ligament 宫骶韧带Fallopian tube or oviduct 输卵管Ovary 卵巢Mons pubis 阴阜Labium majus/minus 大/小阴唇Clitoris 阴蒂V aginal vestibule 阴道前庭Fetal period 胎儿期Neonatal period 新生儿期Childhood 儿童期Adolescence or puberty 青春期Sexual maturity 性成熟期Menopausal transition period 绝经过渡期Postmenopausal period 绝经后期Ovarian cycle 卵巢周期Ovulation 排卵Corpus luteum 黄体Follic le-stimulating hormone,FSH 卵泡刺激素Estrogen,E 雌激素Androgen,A雄激素Human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG 绒毛膜促性腺激素Menstruation 月经Menstrual cycle 月经周期Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH 促性腺激素释放激素Luteinizing hormone,LH 黄体生成素Prolactin,PRL 催乳激素Pregnancy 妊娠Fertilization 受精Zygote 受精卵Fetal membranes 胎膜Chorion 绒毛膜Amnion 羊膜Umbilical cord 脐带Amniotic fluid 羊水Basal/capsular/true decidua 底/包/真蜕膜Colostrum 初乳Cessation of menstruation 停经Morning sickness 早孕反应Hegar sign 黑加征Fetal movement 胎动Fetal attitude 胎姿势Fetal lie 胎产式Fetal presentation 胎先露Head/breech/shoulder/occiput presentation 头/臀/肩/枕先露Fetal position 胎位Antenatal care 产前检查Expected date of confinement,EDC 预产期Leopold maneuvers 四步触诊Fetal heart rate，FHR 胎心率Acceleration 加速V ariable deceleration 变异减速Oxytocin challenge test,OCT 宫缩素激惹试验Induced/spontaneous abortion人工/自然流产Threatened/inevitable/incomplete/complete abortion 先兆/难免/不全/完全流产Missed/habitual abortion 稽留/习惯性流产Ectopic pregnancy 异位妊娠Extrauterine pregnancy 宫外孕Rapture of tubal pregnancy 输卵管妊娠破裂Salpingectomy 输卵管切除术Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy 妊娠期高血压病Gestational hypertension 妊娠期高血压Preeclampsia 子痫前期Eclampsia 子痫Superimposed preeclampsia on chronic hypertension 慢性高血压病并发子痫前期Chronic hypertension in pregnancy 妊娠合并慢性高血压病Hemolysis,elevated serum level of liver enzymes,and low platelets syndrome HELLP综合征Fetal distress 胎儿窘迫Preterm labor,PTL 早产Postterm labor 过期妊娠Fetal death 死胎Fetal macrosomia 巨大儿Shoulder dystocia 肩难产Fetal growth restriction,FGR 胎儿生长受限Multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠Dizygotic twin 双卵双胎Monozygotic twin 单卵双胎Twin to twin transfusion syndrome,TTTS 双胎输血综合症Complete/central/partrial/marginal placenta previa 完全性/中央性/部分性/边缘性前置胎盘Placental abruption 胎盘早剥Utero-placental apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中Premature rupture of membrane,PROM 胎膜早破Polyhydramnios 羊水过多Oligohydramnios 羊水过少Peripartum cardiomyopathy,PPCM 围生期心肌病Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症Gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM 妊娠期糖尿病Premature/term/postterm delivery 早/足月/过期产Suboccipito bregmatic diameter 枕下前囟径Threatened labor 先兆临产Engagement 衔接Descent 下降Flexion 俯屈Internal/external rotation 内/外旋转Extention 仰伸Restitution 复位Cervical dilatation 宫口扩张Postrero-lateral epiotomy 会阴后-侧切开术Ergometrine 麦角新碱Oxytocin 缩宫素Prolonged latent phase 潜伏期延长Protracted active phase 活跃期停滞Prolonged second stage 第二产程延长Prolonged labor 滞产Uterine inertia/overcontraction 子宫收缩乏力/过强Precipitate delivery 急产Constriction ring of uterus子宫痉挛性狭窄环Placental incarceration 胎盘嵌顿Tetanic contraction of uterus强制性子宫收缩Pelvic contraction 狭窄骨盆Cephalopelvic disproportion,CPD 头盆不称Persistent occiput posterior/transverse position 持续性枕后/横位Sincipital presentation 胎头高直位Anterior asynelitism 前不均倾位Amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血Puerperium 产褥期Involution of uterine corpus 子宫复旧Lochia 恶露Puerperal morbidity 产褥病率Precocious puberty 性早熟Premenstrual syndrome,PMS 经前期综合症Dysfunctional uterine bleeding,DUB 功能失调性子宫出血，功血Breakthrough/withdrawal bleeding 突破性/撤退出血Endometrial hyperplasia 子宫内膜增生症Ovulatory menstrual dysfunction 排卵性功血Luteal phase defect,LPD 黄体功能不足Irregular shedding of endometrium 子宫内膜不规则脱落Dysmenorrhea 痛经Amenorrhea 闭经Progestational challenge 孕激素试验Bromocriptine 溴隐亭Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS 多囊卵巢综合症Hyperprolactinemia 高催乳素血症Climacteric syndrome or menopausal syndrome,MPS 绝经综合征V enlafaxine 文拉法辛Paroxetine 帕罗西汀Gabapentin 加巴喷丁Non-specific vulvitis 非特异性外阴炎Bartholinitis 前庭大腺炎Trichomonal vaginitis 滴虫阴道炎V ulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC 外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病Bacterial vaginosis 细菌性阴道病Cervicitis 宫颈炎Pelvic inflammatory disease,PID 盆腔炎性疾病Sexually transmitted disease，STD 性传播疾病Squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia,VIN 外阴鳞状上皮内瘤变Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN 宫颈上皮内瘤变Transformation zone 移行带Cervical cancer 宫颈癌Uterine myoma 子宫肌瘤Intramural/subserous/submucous myoma 肌壁间/浆膜下/黏膜下肌瘤Endometrial carcinoma 子宫内膜癌Fractional dilatation and curettage 分段诊刮Uterine sarcoma 子宫肉瘤Ovarian tumor 卵巢肿瘤Epithelial tumor 上皮性肿瘤Germ cell tumor 生殖细胞肿瘤Sex cord-stromal tumor 性索间质肿瘤Metastatic tumor 转移性肿瘤Mucinous cystadenoma 粘液囊腺瘤Mature teratoma 成熟畸胎瘤Dermoid cyst 皮样囊肿Dysgerminoma 无性细胞瘤Y olk sac tumor 卵黄囊瘤Granulosa cell tumor 颗粒细胞瘤Fibroma 纤维瘤Gestational trophoblastic disease,GTD 妊娠滋养细胞疾病Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia,GTN 妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤Hydatidiform mole 水泡状胎块，葡萄胎Invasive mole 侵袭性葡萄胎Choriocarcinoma 绒毛膜癌，绒癌Placental site trophoblastic tumor,PSTT 胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症，内异症Adenomyosis 子宫腺肌病Pseudomenopause therapy 假绝经治疗Leuprorelin 亮丙瑞林Mifepristone 米非司酮Pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD 盆底功能障碍Uterine prolapse 子宫脱垂Stress urinary incontinence,SUI 压力性尿失禁Urinary fistula 尿瘘Infertility 不孕症Assisted reproductive technology,ART 辅助生殖技术Artificial insemination,AI 人工受精In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET 体外受精-胚胎移植Family planning 计划生育Hormonal contraception 激素避孕Intrauterine device,IUD 宫内节育器Condom 阴茎套Tubal ligation 输卵管结扎术Emergency contraception 紧急避孕医学心理学Medical psychology 医学心理学Biomedical model 生物医学模式Psychosomatic medicine 心身医学Behavioral medicine 行为医学Psychotherapies or psychological treatments 心理治疗Psychological counseling in medic ine 医学心理咨询Unconscious 潜意识Id 本我Ego 自我Super-ego 超我Humanism 人本主义Needs 需要Motivation 动机Psychological conflict 心理冲突Approach-approach/avoidance-avoidance/appr oach-avoidance conflict 趋-趋/避-避/趋-避冲突Frustration 挫折Ego defense mechanism 自我防御机制Denial 否认Repression 压抑Distortion 曲解Regression 倒退Fixation 固着Projection 投射Introjection 内向投射Identification 认同Fantasy 幻想Isolation 隔离Displacement 转移Conversion 转换Reaction formation 反向形成Undoing 抵消Idealization 理想化Rationalization 合理化Compensation 补偿Intellectualization 理智化Humor 幽默Sublimation 升华Stress 应激General adaptation syndrome,GAS 全身性适应综合征Stressor 应激原Life change unit,LCU 生活变化单位Coping 应对Stress-related disorder 应激性障碍Post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD 创伤后应激障碍Adjustment disorder 适应障碍Doctor-patients relationship 医患关系Interpersonal relationship 人际关系Illness 病感Disease 疾病Compliance 依从性Compassion 同情心Empathy 同理心Eating disorders 进食障碍Anorexia nervosa,AN 神经性厌食症Bulimia nervosa,BN 神经性贪食症Atypical nervosa 不典型进食障碍Sleep disorders 睡眠障碍Non rapid eye movement,NREM 非快速眼球运动Slow wave sleep,SWS 慢波睡眠Synchronized sleep 同步化睡眠Orthodox sleep 正相睡眠Desynchronized sleep 去同步化睡眠Paradoxical sleep 异相睡眠Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征Narcolepsy 发作性睡病Chronic pain 慢性疼痛Quality of life,QOL 生命质量Common psychological issues in general hospital 综合医院常见心理问题Emotional shock 情绪休克Compensation neurosis 赔偿性神经症Near-death experience 濒死体验Abnormal psychology 异常心理学Psychopathology 病理心理学Psychological or mental disorder 心理障碍Psycho-assessment 心理评估Psycho-measurement 心理测量Mental scale 心理量表Psychological test or testing 心理测验Discrimination 鉴别力，项目的区分度Reliability 信度V alidity 效度intelligence test 智力测验Specific ability test 特殊能力测验Memory test 记忆测验Achievement test 成就测验Personality test 人格测验Neuropsychological testing 神经心理学测验Binet-Simon scale 比奈-西蒙量表Wechsler intelligence scale 韦克斯勒智力量表Chinese intelligence for scale adult,CISA 中国成人智力量表Rorschach inkblot test 罗夏墨迹图测验Thematic apperception test,TA T 主题统觉测验Draw-a-person test,DPT 画人测验Minnesoda multiphasic personality inventory,MMPI 明尼苏达多相人格调查表Eysench personality questionnaire,EPQ 艾森克人格问卷Symptom checklist 90,SCL-90 90项症状清单，症状自评量表Self-rating depression scale,SDS 抑郁自评量表Self-rating anxiety scale,SAS 焦虑自评量表Global assessment scale,GAS 大体自评量表Clinical global impression,CGI 临床疗效总评量表Hospital anxiety and depression scale,HAD 医院焦虑抑郁量表Suicide 自杀Crisis intervention 危机干预Emotional first-aid 情绪急救Therapeutic relationship 治疗性关系Transference 移情Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy 短程精神动力学心理治疗The focal conflict 焦点冲突congruence 共鸣Group psychotherapy 集体心理治疗Family therapy 家庭治疗Marital therapy 婚姻治疗Couple therapy 夫妻治疗Behavior analysis 行为分析Behavior modification 行为矫正Systematic desensitization 系统脱敏Flooding 满贯Assertiveness and social skills training 自信心及社交技巧训练A version therapy 厌恶疗法Behavioral prostheses 行为治疗辅助工具Positive reinforcement and extinction 阳性强化和消除法Contingency contracting 治疗协议或临时合同Self-control procedures 自控法Cognitive-behavioral therapy,CBT 认知行为治疗Rational-emotive therapy,RET 合理情绪治疗Self-instructional training 自我指导训练Biofeedback therapy 生物反馈治疗精神医学Psychosis 精神病Mental health 精神卫生Disability-adjusted life year,DALY伤残调整生命年Psychopathology 精神症状学Disorders of sensation 感觉障碍Disturbance of perception 知觉障碍，感知综合障碍Hyperesthesia 感觉过敏Hypoesthesia 感觉减退Senestopathsia 内感性不适，体感异常Illusion 错觉Auditory/visual/tactile hallucination 听/视/触幻觉Hallucination of smell and taste 味幻觉和嗅幻觉Hallucination of viscera sensation 本体幻觉Metamorphosia 视物变形症Derealization 非真实感Flight of ideas 思维奔逸Loosening of associations 联想散漫Retardation of thinking 思维迟缓Poverty of thinking 思维贫乏Thought blocking 思维阻隔Circumstantiality 赘述Pathological symbolic thinking 病理性象征思维Perseveration 持续语言Persecutory/nihilistic/hypochondriacal delusion 被害/虚无/疑病妄想Delusion of reference/jealousy/control 关系/嫉妒/影响妄想Grandiose and expansive delusion 夸大妄想Delusion of guilt and worthlessness自罪妄想Sexual or amorous delusion 钟情妄想Thought insertion/withdrawal/broadcasting 思维插入/被窃/播散Obsession 强迫观念Obsessionalthoughts/ruminations/doubts/impulses/reminis cence 强迫思维/强迫性穷思竭虑/强迫怀疑/强迫冲动、意向/强迫回忆Emotion 情绪Affect 情感Mood 心境Elation 情绪高涨Depression 情绪低落Anxiety 焦虑Phobia 恐惧Irritability 易激惹性Emotional instability 情感不稳定Apathy indifference 情感淡漠Pathological passion 病理性激情Emotional stupor 情感淡漠Parathymia 情感倒错Emotional infantility 情感幼稚Affective ambivalence 情感矛盾Will 意志Hyperbulia/hypobulia/abulia 意志增强/减弱/缺乏Ambivalence 矛盾意向Suggestibility 易暗示性Attention 注意Hyperprosexia/aprosexia 注意增强/减退Distractability 随境转移Narrowing of attention 注意范围缩小/狭窄Inattentiveness 注意迟钝Coherent/incoherent excitement 协调性/不协调性兴奋Stupor 木僵Waxy flexibility 蜡样屈曲Mutism 缄默症Negativism 违拗症Stereotyped speech and act 刻板言动Perseveration 持续言动Echolalia and echopraxia 模仿言动Mannerism 作态Compulsion 强迫动作Impulsive behavior 冲动行为Sexual disfunctions 性功能障碍Psychogenic/organic amnesia 心因性/器质性遗忘Retrograde/anterograde/recent/remote amnesia 逆行性/顺行性/近事/远事遗忘Amnesia syndrome 遗忘综合征Paramnesia 记忆错误，错构Confabulation 虚构Delusional recall 妄想性回忆Hypermnesia 记忆增强Somnolence 嗜睡Sopor 昏睡Coma 昏迷Clouding of consciousness 意识混浊Delirium 谵妄Dream-like state 梦样状态Twilight 朦胧状态Self-consciousness 自我意识Depersonalization 人格解体Double personality 双重人格Self boundary disorder 自我界限障碍Lack of insight 自知力缺乏International statistical classification of disease and health problem,ICD 疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,DSM 精神障碍统计与诊断手册Chinese classification and diagnostic criteria of mental disorders,CCMD 中国精神障碍的分类与诊断标准Dementia/pseudodementia 痴呆/假性痴呆Ganser syndrome 刚塞综合征，心因性假性痴呆Chidlike dementia 童样痴呆Depressive dementia 抑郁性假性痴呆Schizophrenia 精神分裂症Hebephrenic type 青春型Disorganized type 瓦解型Delusional type 偏执型Undifferentiated schizophrenia 未分化型Post schizophrenia depression 精神分裂症后抑郁Residual schizophrenia 残留型First rank symptoms,FRS 首级症状Paranoid mental disorders 偏执性精神障碍Schizoaffective psychosis 分裂情感性精神病Affective disorders 情感障碍，心境障碍Major depressive disorder 抑郁障碍Dysthymia 恶劣心境障碍Bipolar disorder,BPD 双相情感障碍Persistent mood disorder 持续性心境障碍Treatment-resistant depression,TRD 难治性抑郁症Neurotic disorder 神经症性障碍Neurosis 神经症，神经官能症Panic disorder 惊恐障碍Social phobia 社交恐惧症Social anxiety disorder,SAD 社交焦虑症General anxiety disorder,GAD 广泛性焦虑障碍Obsessive-compulsive disorder,OCD 强迫症Somatoform disorder 躯体形式障啊Somatization disorder 躯体化障碍Hypochondriasis 疑病症Hysteria 癔症Dissociative/conversional symptoms 解离/转换症状Paranoid/schizoid/antisocial/impulsive/histrio nic/anancastic/anxious/dependent personality disorder 偏执性/分裂样/反社会性/冲动性/表演性/强迫性/焦虑性/依赖性人格障碍Psychosexual disorder 性心理障碍Sexual deviation 性变态Gender identity disorder 性身份障碍Disorder of sexual preference 性偏好障碍Sexual orientation disorders 性指向障碍Homosexuality 同性恋Psychoactive substances 精神活性物质，成瘾物质Dependence 依赖Abuse 滥用Tolerance 耐受性Withdrawal state 戒断状态Common/pathological/complex drunkenness 普通性/病理性/复杂性醉酒Alcohol dependence 酒依赖Delirium tremens 震颤谵妄Alcoholic hallucinosis 酒中毒性幻觉症Alcoholic delusiveness 酒中毒性妄想症Alcoholic encephalopathy 酒中毒性脑病Alcoholic dementia 酒中毒性痴呆Opiates 阿片类物质Psychostimulants 精神兴奋剂Mental retardation,MR 精神发育迟滞Childhood autism 儿童孤独症Specific academic skill developmental disorder,SDDSS 特定学习技能发育障碍Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder,ADHD 多动与注意缺陷障碍Conduct disorder 品行障碍Tic disorders 抽动障碍Alzheimer disease,AD 阿尔兹海默病V ascular dementia,VD 血管性痴呆Dementia with Lewy bodies,DLB路易体痴呆Antipsychotic drugs or antipsychotics 抗精神病药物Extrapyramidal symptoms,EPS锥体外系症状Chlorpromazine 氯丙嗪Perphenazine 奋乃静Haloperidol 氟哌啶醇Sulpiride 舒必利Clozapine 氯氮平Olanzapine 奥氮平Quetiapine 喹硫平Risperidone 利培酮Aripiprazole 阿立哌唑Monoamine oxidase inhibitors,MAOIs 单胺氧化酶抑制剂Tricyclic antidepressants,TCAs 三环类抗抑郁药物Tetracyclic antidepressants 四环类抗抑郁药物Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,SSRIs 选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂Serotonin and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors,SNRIs 5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors,NRIs 去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant,NaSSA去甲肾上腺素及特异性5-羟色胺双重摄取抗抑郁剂Imipramine 丙咪嗪Amitriptyline 阿米替林Doxepin 多塞平Clomipramine 氯米帕明V enlafaxine 文拉法辛Fluxetine 氟西汀Sertratine 舍曲林Paroxetine 帕罗西汀Citralopram 西酞普兰Mirtazapine 米氮平Trazodone 曲唑酮Antimanic drugs 抗躁狂药Mood-stabilizing drugs 心境稳定剂Lithium 锂盐Tacrine 他克林Donepezil 多奈哌齐Memantine 美金刚Electric convulsive therapy,ECT 电休克治疗，电抽搐治疗Consultation-liaison psychiatry,CLP 会诊联络精神医学Somato-psychiatric reaction 身心反应Psychosomatic reaction 心身反应Community mental health service 社区精神卫生服务急诊医学Emergency medicine 急诊医学Emergency medical service system,EMSS 急诊医疗服务体系Emergency intensive care unit,EICU 急诊重症监护病房Sudden cardiac arrest,SCA 心脏骤停V entricular fibrillation,VF 心室颤动Pulseless ventricular tachycardia,VT 无脉性室性心动过速Pulseless electric activity,PEA无脉电活动Sudden cardiac death,SCD 心脏性猝死Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation,CPR 心肺复苏Recovery of spontaneous circulation,ROSC 自主循环恢复Myocardial syndrome 心肌顿抑Coronary perfusion pressure,CPP 冠状动脉灌注压Central venous oxygen saturation,ScvO2 中心静脉血氧饱和度End tidal CO2,ETCO2 呼气末CO2分压Basic life support,BLS 基本生命支持Airway 开放气道(open airway) Breathing 人工呼吸(rescue breath) Circulation 胸外按压(chest compressions) Defibrillation 电除颤Compression-ventilation ratio 按压/通气比Foreign body airway obstruction,FBAO 气道异物阻塞Drowning 淹溺Electric shock 电击Lightning strikes 雷击Advanced cardiovascular life support,ACLS 高级心血管生命支持Epinephrine 肾上腺素V asopressin 血管加压素Atropine 阿托品Amiodarone 胺碘酮Lidocaine 利多卡因Magnesium 镁剂Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠Trachea intubation 气管内插管Mechanical ventilation 机械通气V olume/pressure control ventilation,VCV/PCV 容量/压力控制通气Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation,SIMV 同步间歇性指令通气Pressure support ventilation,PSV 压力支持通气Bi-level positive airway pressure,BiPAP 气道双水平正压通气Fraction of oxygen,FiO2 吸氧浓度Positive end expiratory pressure,PEEP 呼气末正压通气V entilator associated pneumonia,V AP 呼吸机相关性肺炎V entilation-induced lung injury,VILI 呼吸机相关性肺损伤Cerebral resuscitation 脑复苏Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS 全身炎症反应综合症Sepsis 脓毒症Septic shock 脓毒性休克Poisoning 中毒Poison 毒物Organophosphorous insecticides poisoning 急性有机磷杀虫药中毒Acetycholine 乙酰胆碱Cholinergic crisis 胆碱能危象Muscarinic symptoms 毒蕈碱样症状Nicotinic symptoms 烟碱样症状Delayed polyneuropathy 迟发型多发性神经病Intermediate syndrome,IMS 中间综合症Atropinization 阿托品化Penehyclidine hydrochloride 长托宁，盐酸戊乙奎醚Acute carbon monoxide poisoning 急性一氧化碳中毒Combined trauma injuries 复合伤Somnolence 嗜睡Lethargy 昏睡Diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA糖尿病酮症酸中毒Aortic dissection,AD 主动脉夹层Tic 抽搐Cataplexy 猝倒Torsades de points 尖端扭转型室速Fraction of oxygen,FiO2 吸氧浓度诊断学Clinical diagnostics 临床诊断学Symptom 症状Sign 体征Supplementory examinations 辅助检查Symptomatology 症状学Pyrogen 致热原Noninfective fever 非感染性发热Fever type 热型Continued fever 稽留热Remittent fever 弛张热Intermittent fever 间歇热Undulant fever 波状热Recurrent fever 回归热Irregular fever 不规则热Rigor 寒战Headache 头痛Edema 水肿Obesity 肥胖Body mass index,BMI 体重指数Emaciation 消瘦Anemia 贫血Petechia 出血点Purpura 紫癜Ecchymosis 瘀斑Hematoma 皮下血肿Cough 咳嗽Expectoration 咳痰Hemoptysis 咯血Chest pain 胸痛Dyspnea 呼吸困难Cyanosis 发绀Deoxyhemoglobin 脱氧血红蛋白Palpitation 心悸V entricular hypertrophy 心室肥大Nausea 恶心V omiting 呕吐V omiturition 干呕Dysphagia 咽下困难Dyspepsia 消化不良Abdominal pain 腹痛Visceral pain 内脏痛Somatic pain 躯体痛Referred pain 牵涉痛Provocative-palliative factors 诱因和缓解因素Hematemesis 呕血Hematochezia 便血Occult blood 隐血Tenesmus 里急后重Diarrhea 腹泻Constipation 便秘Jaundice 黄疸Unconjugated bilirubin,UCB 游离胆红素或非结合胆红素conjugated bilirubin,CB 结合胆红素，胆红素葡萄糖醛酯Haematuria 血尿Frequent micturition 尿频Urgent micturition 尿急Odynuiria 尿痛Oliguria 少尿Anuria 无尿，尿闭Polyuria 多尿Urinary incontinence 尿失禁Dysuria 排尿困难Lumbodorsalgia 腰背痛Arthralgia 关节痛V ertigo 眩晕Dizziness 头晕Hysterism 癔症Orthostatic hypotension 直立性低血压V asovagal syncope 血管迷走性晕厥Carotid sinus syndrome 颈动脉窦综合征Postural syncope 体位性晕厥Convulsion 惊厥Disturbance of consciousness意识障碍Confusion 意识模糊Stupor 昏睡Twilight 朦胧状态Inquiry 问诊General dataChief complaint 主诉History of present illness 现病史Past history 既往史Review of systems 系统回顾Personal history 个人史Marital history 婚姻史Menstrual history 月经史Childbearing history 生育史Family history 家族史Physical examination 体格检查Inspection 视诊Light/deep palpation 浅/深部触诊法Deep slipping palpation 深部滑行触诊法Bimanual palpation 双手触诊法Deep press palpation 深压触诊法Ballottement 冲击触诊法Direct/indirect percussion 直/间接叩诊法Auscultation 听诊Stethoscope 听诊器Olfactory examination 嗅诊Vital sign 生命征Development 发育Cachexia 恶液质Arm circumference 上臂周径Skinfold thickness 皮褶厚度Orientation 定向力Disorientation 定向障碍Tone 语调V oice 语态Facial features 面容Expression 表情Hepatic/Nephrotic facies 肝病/肾病面容Mitral facies 二尖瓣面容Acromegaly facies 肢端肥大症面容Typhoid facies 伤寒面容Sardonic feature 苦笑面容Moon/masked/critical facies 满月/面具/病危面容Active/positive/compulsive position 自主/被动/强迫体位Orthopnea 强迫坐位，端坐呼吸Compulsive squatting 强迫蹲位Forced standing/Opisthotonos position 强迫停立/角弓反张位Alternative position 辗转体位Posture 姿势Waddling/drinkenman/ataxic/festinating/steppage/scissors gait 蹒跚/醉酒/共济失调/慌张/跨阈/剪刀式步态Intermittent claudication 间歇性破行Pallor 苍白Redness 发红Stained yellow 黄染Pigmentation 色素沉着Albinismus 白化病Leukoplakia 白斑Moisture 皮肤湿度Elasticity 皮肤弹性Skin eruption 皮疹Bleb 疱疹Desquamation 皮肤脱屑Subcutaneous bleeding 皮下出血Purpura 紫癜Spiderangioma 蜘蛛痣Pitting edema 压陷性水肿Subcutaneous nodules 皮下结节Tophus 痛风石Microcephalia 小颅Oxycephaly 尖颅Squared/large/deforming skull 方/巨/变形颅Delichocephalia 长颅Visual acuity 视力Visual fields 视野Color sensation 色觉Entropion 睑内翻Ptosis 上睑下垂Exophthalmos/enophthalmos眼球突出/下陷Diplopia 复视Paralytic squint 麻痹性斜视Nystagmus 眼球震颤Arcus senilis 老年环Convergency reflex 集合反射Auricle 耳廓External auditory canal 外耳道Mastoid 乳突Auditory acuity 听力Saddle nose 鞍鼻Nasal ale flap 鼻翼扇动Epiataxis 鼻出血Gum 牙龈Geographic/wrikled/strawberry/beefy/smooth tongue 地图/裂纹/草莓/牛肉/镜面舌Parotid gland 腮腺Hoarseness 声嘶Suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹Manubrium sterni 胸骨柄Sternal angle 胸骨角Xiphoid process 剑突Infrasternal angle 胸骨下角Intercostal space 肋间隙Anterior/posterior midline 前/后正中线Midclavicular/midaxillary line 锁骨/腋中线Anterior/posterior axillary line 腋前/后线Scapular line 肩胛线Suprasternal/supraclavicular fossa 胸骨/锁骨上窝Suprascapular/infrascapular/scapular/interscap ular region 肩胛上/肩胛下/肩胛/肩胛间区subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿Flat/barrel/rachitic/funnel chest 扁平/桶状/佝偻病/漏斗胸Nipple 乳头Areola of breast 乳晕Tenderness 压痛Masses 包块Location 部位Size 大小Number 数目Contour 外形Consistency 硬度Elasticity 弹性Mobility 活动度Breathing movement 呼吸运动Thoracic/diaphragmatic respiration 胸/腹式呼吸Paradixic breathing 胸腹矛盾呼吸Tachypnea 呼吸过速Bradypnea 呼吸过缓。

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临床研究常用术语缩写表SOP 类型缩写表OP 操作规程Operating Procedures WI 工作指南Work InstructionsTP 模板TemplateFM 批准的标准表格Approved Standard FormsOD 其他文件Other Documents业务部门缩写表/ Functional Area Abbreviation Table: BS 生物统计BiostatisticsBD 业务拓展Business DevelopmentCM 临床监查/运营Clinical Monitoring/OperationDM 数据管理Data ManagementIT 信息技术Information TechnologyMS 医学科学服务Medical Science ServicePM 项目管理Project ManagementQA 质量保证Quality AssuranceRM 记录管理Records ManagementRA 注册事务Regulatory AffairsSM SOP 管理SOP ManagementST 研究中心管理服务Site Management ServiceTR 培训Training试验主文档：（TMF）Trial Master FilePMF 项目管理文件夹Project Management FileCCF 申办方临床研究文件夹Central Clinical File CIF 申办方-研究者文件夹Central Investigator File ISF 研究者文件夹Investigator Site FileBSF 生物统计学文件夹Biostatistics Study File DMSF 数据管理研究文件夹Data Management Study File。

临床试验常用英语词汇大全基础词汇Clinical Trial 临床试验Protocol 试验方案Synopsis 摘要Study Objective 研究目的Study Endpoint 研究终点Study Design 研究设计Study Procedure 研究流程Study Completion 研究完成Study Termination 研究终止Baseline 基线Inclusion Criteria 入组标准Exclusion Criteria 排除标准IVRS- Interactive Voice Response System 交互式语音应答系统IWRS- Interactive Web Response System 交互式网络应答系统SDV -Source Data Verification 原始数据核查EDC- Electronic Data Capture 电子数据采集Statistical Methods 统计学方法Single Blinding 单盲Double Blinding 双盲Placebo 安慰剂Placebo Control 安慰剂对照Active Control 阳性对照、活性对照Blank Control 空白对照Blinding/Masking 盲法/设盲Randomized, Double-blind Study 随机对照双盲试验Outcome Assessment 结果评价Multi-center Trial 多中心试验OS-Overall Survival 总生存期PFS- Progression Free Survival 无进展生存期Contract/Agreement 合同/协议GCP- Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GMP- Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范SOP- Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程Protocol Amendments 修正案CRF- Case Report Form 病历报告表IB- Investigator’s Brochure 研究者手册ICF- Informed Consent Form 知情同意书QA- Quality Assurance 质量保证QC-Quality Control 质量控制Monitoring 监查Monitor 监查员Audit 稽查Auditor 稽查员Inspection 视察CFDA - China Food and Drug Administration 国家食品药品监督管理局FDA- Food and Drug Administration 美国食品与药品监督管理局ICH- International Conference on Harmonization 国际协调会议IEC Independent Ethics Committee 独立伦理委员会IRB-Institutional Review Board 机构审查委员会Sponsor 申办者CRO -Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织SMO-Site Management Organization 现场管理组织Investigational Site 研究中心Investigator 研究者PI- Principal Investigator 主要研究者SI- Sub-investigator 助理研究者CRC- Clinical Research Coordinator 临床研究协调员Initial Meeting 启动会SIV-Site Initiation Visit 中心启动访视受试者相关Subject 受试者Subject Screening Log 受试者筛选表Subject Enrollment Log 受试者入选表Subject Identification Code 受试者识别代码FPI/FSI-First Patient/Subject In 首例受试者入组LPI/LSI-Last Patient/Subject In 末例受试者入组LPO/LSO-Last Patient/Subject Out 末例受试者出组Recruitment 招募Screening 筛选Randomization 随机Enrollment 入组Visit 访视Visit Window 访视窗口期Out of Visit Window 超窗Follow Up 随访Withdrawal 脱落Compliance 依从性Wash-out Period 洗脱期Cycle 周期Treatment Allocation 治疗分配Patient File 病人档案Case Record/Medical History 病历SD -Source Data/Document/Documentation 原始数据/文件Subject Diary 受试者日记Demography 人口统计学DOB-Date of Birth 出生日期Race 种族Physical Exam 体格检查Vital Signs 生命体征精品文档Height 身高Weigh 体重Temperature 体温Pulse/Heart rate 脉搏/心率Systolic Blood Pressure 收缩压Diastolic Blood Pressure 舒张压ECG-Electrocardiogram 心电图Chest X-ray 胸部X光Image 影像学实验室相关Laboratory Assessment 实验室评估CS/NCS-Clinical Significant/Non-Clinical Significant 有临床意义/无临床意义Hematology/Blood Routine Test 血液学/血常规Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Platelets 血小板RBC-Red Blood Cell 红细胞WBC-White Blood Cell 白细胞Neutrophils 中性粒细胞Lymphocytes 淋巴细胞Monocytes 单核细胞Eosinophils 嗜酸性粒细胞Basophils 嗜碱性粒细胞Urinalysis 尿液分析Glucose 葡萄糖Ketones 酮体Leukocytes 粒性白细胞Nitrite 亚硝酸盐Bilirubin 胆红素Protein 蛋白Crystals 晶体pH 酸碱度Blood Biochemistry 血液生化Calcium 钙Magnesium 镁Phosphorus 磷Sodium 钠Potassium 钾Chloride 氯Creatinine 肌酐BUN-Blood Urea Nitrogen 尿素氮TP- Total Protein 总蛋白Albumin 白蛋白AST /SGOT 谷草转氨酶/门冬氨酸氨基转移酶ALT/ SGPT 谷丙转氨酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALP-Alkaline Phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶TB- Total Bilirubin 总胆红素LDH 乳酸脱氢酶GGT 谷氨酰转氨酶Glucose 葡萄糖Blood Coagulation 凝血PT-Prothrombin Time 凝血酶原时间PT-INR 凝血酶原时间-国际标准化比值APTT 活化部分凝血活酶时间药物相关IP-Investigational Product 研究产品CM -Concomitant Medication 合并用药Drug Receive 药物接收Drug Storage 药物储存Drug Dispense 药物分发Drug Return 药物返还Drug Destroy 药物销毁Quantity 数量Medication No. 研究药品编号Packaging 包装Labeling 标签Drug Accountability 药物清点Drug Administration 药物使用Overdose 药物过量Dose Reduce 剂量降低Dose Interrupt 剂量中断（暂停）Dose Discontinuation 剂量终止（完全终止）不良事件相关ADR- Adverse Drug Reaction 药物不良反应AE- Adverse Event 不良事件SAE Serious Adverse Event 严重不良事件Seriousness 严重性（性质）Severity 严重程度（程度）Grade 级别Results in death 导致死亡Life threatening 危急生命Requires or prolongs hospitalization 导致或延长住院时间Congenital anomaly/Birth defect 先天畸形/出生缺陷Persistent or significant disability/ incapacity 永久或重大伤残/丧失工作能力Mild 轻度Moderate 中度Severe 重度Safety Assessment/Evaluation 安全评估SUSAR=Serious and Unexpected Suspected Adverse Reaction 严重的非预期疑似相关的药品不良反应Anemia 贫血（血红蛋白降低）Hemoglobin increased 血红蛋白升高Hypertension 高血压Hypotension 低血压Abdominal pain 腹痛Stomach pain 胃痛Constipation 便秘Diarrhea 腹泻Nausea 恶心Vomiting 呕吐Cough 咳嗽Fatigue 疲劳Fever 发热Pain 疼痛Anorexia 厌食症（食欲不振）Headache 头痛Hypersomnia 嗜睡Insomnia 失眠Alopecia 脱发Weight gain 体重增加Weight loss 体重降低Clinical summary report CSR 临床总结报告Statistical analysis report SAR 统计分析报告。

diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary（principal）diseases原发（主导）病secondary diseases 继发病sexual（venereal, social）diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating（induced）诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional（systemic）symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex （syndrome）symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征assident （accessory）副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征body length （height of the body）身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain （loss）in weight 增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo 眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest（flank,…）pain 胸（胁腹…）痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain （pain radiating to…）放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde （reversed）peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石，石biliary calculus 胆结石vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry （black）stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed （simple）fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany （肌）强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, （lethargy）昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral （febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……）crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure 衰竭，故障central （circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory）failure 中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal （vaginal）touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation （latent）period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence （recovery）stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel （sequela）, after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy （chemo-therapy）化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。

(1) 一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。

)He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。

)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。

)He feels light-headed. (他觉得头晕。

)She has been shut-in for a few days. (她生病在家几天了。

)Her head is pounding. (她头痛。

)His symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive fatigue, fever and chills. (他的症状包括没有食欲、体重减轻、非常疲倦、发烧和发冷。

)He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time. (他大部份时间都觉得非常疲倦。

)He has been lacking in energy for some time. (他感到虚弱有段时间了。

)He feels drowsy, dizzy and nauseated. (他觉得昏昏欲睡，头晕目眩和想吐。

) He feels as though everything around him is spinning. (他感到周围的东西都在打转。

)He has noticed some loss of hearing. (他发觉听力差些。

)She has some pains and itching around her eyes. (她眼睛四周又痛又痒。

)(2) 伤风感冒：He has been coughing up rusty or greenish-yellow phlegm. (他咳嗽带有绿黄色的痰。

)His eyes feel itchy and he has been sneezing. (他眼睛发痒，而且一直在打喷嚏。

医学英语临床英语复旦大学答案1、I paid him 50 dollars for the painting, but its real（）must be about 500 dollars. [单选题] *A. feeB. value(正确答案)C. priceD. fare2、( ) ________ large the library is! [单选题] *A. WhatB. What aC. How(正确答案)D. How a3、I walked too much yesterday and （）are still aching now. [单选题] *A. my leg's musclesB. my leg muscles(正确答案)C. my muscles' of legD. my legs' muscles4、Many volunteers _______ food and water to the local people in Japan after tsunami(海啸）. [单选题] *A. gave out(正确答案)B. cut outC. put outD. found out5、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking6、I paid twenty yuan _______ the book. [单选题] *A. offB. backC. for(正确答案)D. with7、If you get _______, you can have some bread on the table. [单选题] *A. happyB. hungry(正确答案)C. worriedD. sad8、He does ______ in math.（）[单选题] *A. goodB. betterC. well(正确答案)D. best9、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after10、The manager isn’t in at the moment. May I _______ a message? [单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. makeC. haveD. keep11、Three ______ died of water pollution last winter. [单选题] *A. hundreds of villagersB. hundred villagers(正确答案)C. hundreds villagersD. hundred of villagers12、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness13、There is a popular belief _____schools don’t pay any attention to spelling. [单选题] *A.that(正确答案)B.whichC.whatD.whose14、It _______ him ten minutes to solve the problem. [单选题] *A. spentB. took(正确答案)C. costD. paid15、—Where are you going, Tom? —To Bill's workshop. The engine of my car needs _____. [单选题] *A. repairing(正确答案)B. repairedC. repairD. to repair16、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *A．goes to see a filmB．go to the filmC．see a film(正确答案)D．goes to the film17、Look at those black clouds! Take ______ umbrella or ______ raincoat with you. （）[单选题] *A. a; anB. an; a(正确答案)C. an; anD. a; a18、How can I _______ the nearest supermarket? [单选题] *A. get offB. get upC. get to(正确答案)D. get on19、_______ is on September the tenth. [单选题] *A. Children’s DayB. Teachers’Day(正确答案)C. Women’s DayD. Mother’s Day20、It’s raining heavily outside. Don’t leave _______ it stops. [单选题] *A. whileB. sinceC. until(正确答案)D. when21、My brother often does ______ homework first after school.（）[单选题] *A. heB. his(正确答案)C. sheD. her22、The traffic jams often happen in _______ hours. [单选题] *A. lunchB. workC. leisureD. rush(正确答案)23、This girl is my best friend, Wang Hui. ______ English name is Jane.（）[单选题] *A. HeB. HisC. SheD. Her(正确答案)24、The bookshop is far away. You’d better _______. [单选题] *A. by the busB. by busC. take busD. take?the bus(正确答案)25、25．—I ______ Beijing for a holiday.—________. [单选题] *A．will go；GoodbyeB．will go；Have a good time(正确答案)C．will go to；Have a good timeD．am going to；Have a fun26、John had planned to leave but he decided to stay in the hotel for _____ two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. another(正确答案)C. the otherD. others27、16．Lily is a lovely girl. We all want to ________ friends with her. [单选题] *A．haveB．make(正确答案)C．doD．take28、Some people were born with a good sense of direction. [单选题] *A. 听觉B. 方向感(正确答案)C. 辨别力D. 抽象思维29、One effective（）of learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context. [单选题] *A. approach(正确答案)B. wayC. mannerD. road30、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you。

Unit 1 The Modern Hospital1. Medicare is a federally funded and administered program that provides health insurance for older Americans and those who are disabled.2. Medicaid is a health insurance program financed and run jointly by the federal and state governments for low-income people of all ages who do not have the money or insurance to pay for health care. 医疗救助项目1. 医院部门及科室名称out-patient department 门诊部In-patient department 住院部Nursing department 护理部Admission office 住院处Discharge office 出院处Registration office 挂号处Reception /waiting room 侯诊室Consultation room 诊察室Isolation room 隔离室Delivery room 分娩室Emergency room 急诊室Ward 病室内科Department of internal medicine外科Department of surgery儿科Department of pediatrics神经科Department of neurology眼科Department of ophthalmology [,ɔfθæl'mɔlədʒi, ,ɔp-]耳鼻喉科E.N.T.department口腔科Department of stomatology [,stəumə'tɔlədʒi; ,stɔ-]泌尿科Department of urology骨科Department of orthopedic创伤科Department of traumatology [,trɔ:mə'tɔlədʒi, ,trau-]2. 各类医院综合医院general hospital, polyclinic麻风病院hospital for lepers产科医院maternity hospital,精神病院mental hospital, mental home整形外科医院plastic surgery hospital口腔医院stomatological hospital [,stəumə'tɔlədʒi; ,stɔ-]肿瘤医院tumour hospital3. 人员staff院长director of the hospital门诊部主任head of out-patient department主治医生physician in charge, surgeon in charge,化验员laboratory technician麻醉师anaesthetist [æ'ni:sθətist, ə'nes-]药剂师pharmacist['fɑ:məsist], druggist脑科专家brain specialist心外科医生cardiac surgeonUnit 2 HypertensionIdiopathic[,idiə'pæθik]: 自发/原发的hypertrophy: n. 肥大/过度生长coarctation[,kəua:k'teiʃən]：n. congenital narrowing of the aorta 先天性主动脉狭窄Renin: 肾素Angiotensin: 血管紧张素Corticosteroid：皮质类固醇：肾上腺皮质内产生的用于调节盐分、碳水化合物、炎症和性生理机能的一组激素Stenosis[sti'nəusis]: 狭窄myocardial: adj. 心肌的Inflate: v. distend (swell 使膨胀/扩张) with air （使气球等）充气aldosterone[,ældəu'sterəun] (醛固酮)：a corticosteroid hormone which stimulates absorption of sodium（钠）by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balancesphygmomanometer[,sfiɡməumə'nɔmitə]：血压计Stethoscope: n. 听诊器Thump: v. beat strongly 怦怦跳动Tinnitus：n. a ringing in the ears 耳鸣Unit 3 TCMTreatment determination based on syndrome differentiation 辨证论治materia medica (Latin): 药物学；药物；药品Inspection（望诊）Auscultation(闻/听诊)/ and Olfaction 闻诊/嗅诊）Interrogation （问诊）Palpation（切诊；触诊）TCM Pediatrics：中医儿科The TCM Science of the Five Sense Organs(五官科)TCM Orthopedics and Traumatology（骨伤科）：TCM Acupuncture and Moxibustion(针灸学) ：Chinese Massage（推拿学）Unit 4 Diabetes1.gestational: adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的2. pasta: 意大利面制品3. confectionery: sweet food 甜食4.retina: 视网膜5.glucagon: 升糖素6.somatostatin: 生长激素7.islet：胰岛8.epinephrine: 肾上腺素9.onset：攻击；开始10.dl= decilitres 分升1分升= 0.1LUnit 5 The Respiratory System and AsthmaLarynx 喉部Pharynx 咽腔trachea (windpipe) 气管bronchi 支气管bronchioles细支气管intercostal muscles 肋间肌diaphragm 隔膜Alveoli 肺泡Hypoxia 氧不足；低氧症Spirometry test 肺活量测定spirometer 肺活量计Albuterol: rescue drugs for acute asthma attacks. This drug provides quick relief.沙丁胺醇（Salhutamol）又名舒喘灵，对β2受体有高度选择性，具有较强的支气管扩张作用。

临床医学英语第二版课后答案1、The students _____ outdoors when the visitors arrived. [单选题] *A. were playing(正确答案)B. have playedC. would playD. could play2、For more information, please _______ us as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. confidentB. confidenceC. contact(正确答案)D. concert3、74．In England people drive________. [单选题] *A．on the left(正确答案)B．in the leftC．on leftD．in left4、How I wish I（）to repair the watch! I only made it worse. [单选题] *A. had triedB. hadn't tried(正确答案)C. have triedD.didn't try5、70．Would you like ________，sir? [单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．nothing elseC．else somethingD．else anything6、Alice is a ______ girl. She always smiles and says hello to others.（）[单选题] *A. shyB. strictC. healthyD. friendly(正确答案)7、—______?—He can do kung fu.（）[单选题] *A. What does Eric likeB. Can Eric do kung fuC. What can Eric do(正确答案)D. Does Eric like kung fu8、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment9、He doesn’t smoke and hates women _______. [单选题] *A. smokesB. smokeC. smokedD. smoking(正确答案)10、You can borrow my book, _____ you promise to give it back to me by the end of this month. [单选题] *A.even ifB. as long as(正确答案)C. in caseD. even though11、—What’s wrong with you, Mike?—I’m really tired because I studied for today’s test ______ midnight last night. （）[单选题] *A. althoughB. unlessC. until(正确答案)D. so that12、It _______ him ten minutes to solve the problem. [单选题] *A. spentB. took(正确答案)C. costD. paid13、—Look at those purple gloves! Are they ______, Mary?—No, they aren’t. ______ are pink. （）[单选题] *A. you; IB. your; MyC. yours; Mine(正确答案)D. you; Me14、Don’t play games on the computer all day. It’s ______ for your eyes. [单选题] *A. bad(正确答案)B. usefulC. helpfulD. thankful15、Henry lives happily with his three cats. _______ of them are part of his family. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. All(正确答案)D. Neither16、4．—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A．So am I.B．So was I.C．Neither am I. (正确答案)D．Neither have I.17、She is _______, but she looks young. [单选题] *A. in her fifties(正确答案)B. at her fiftyC. in her fiftyD. at her fifties18、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite19、_____ to wait for hours,she brought along a book to read. [单选题] *A. ExpectedB. Expecting(正确答案)C. ExpectsD. To expect20、Two（）in our school were sent to a remote village to teach for a month. [单选题] *A. women teachers(正确答案)B. woman teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher21、I like the food very much.It is _______. [单选题] *A. terribleB. expensiveC. delicious(正确答案)D. friendly22、6．Hi, boys and girls. How are you ________ your posters for the coming English Festival at school? [单选题] *A．getting onB．getting offC．getting with (正确答案)D．getting23、Obviously they didn’t see the significance of the plan. That is（）the problem lies. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whyC. /D. how24、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime25、We have _______ a double room with a bath for you in the hotel. [单选题] *A. boughtB. reserved(正确答案)C. madeD. taken26、Experts are making an investigation on the spot. They want to find a way to（）the tower. [单选题] *A. Restore(正确答案)B. resumeC. recoverD. reunite27、—Why do you call him Mr. Know?—______ he knows almost everything that we want to know.（）[单选题] *A. SoB. OrC. ButD. Because(正确答案)28、I usually do some ____ on Sundays. [单选题] *A. cleaningsB. cleaning(正确答案)C. cleansD. clean29、Though my best friend Jack doesn’t get（）education, he is knowledgeable. [单选题] *A. ManyB. littleC. fewD. much(正确答案)30、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher。

临床医学英语试题及答案临床医学英语试题及答案(一)The patient-physician interaction proceeds through many phases of clinical reasoning and decision making.proceed 进行、开展 reasoning 推论、推理 clinical reasoning 诊断clinical decision 确定治疗方案 making decision 做出决定医患沟通在临床诊断和治疗决策的许多时期进行着。

The interaction begins with an elucidation of complaints or concerns, followed by inquiries or evaluation to address these concerns in increasingly precise ways.elucidation 说明、阐明 inquire 询问、调查 evaluation 评估、评价这种沟通开始于病人主诉或所关注问题的述说，然后通过交流、评估不断精确地确定这些问题。

The process commonly requires a careful history or physical examination, ordering of diagnostic tests, integration of clinical findings with the test results, understanding of the risks and benefits of the possible courses of action, and careful consultation with the patient and family to develop future plans.integration 综合 consultation 磋商、会诊这个过程通常需要细致的病史询问和体格检查，开具诊断性化验医嘱，综合临床发现和化验结果，理解分析拟行治疗过程中的风险和疗效，然后与病人及家属反复磋商以完善治疗方案Physicians increasingly can call on a growing literature of evidence-based medicine to guide the process so that benefit is maximized, while respecting individual variations among different patients respecting 注意到、关系、说到 evidence-based medicine 循证医学尽管考虑到不同病人中个体差异是存在的，但医生们越来越容易查阅不断增长的循证医学文献来指导这个过程，使得疗效最大化。

用英语介绍临床医学的作文Clinical medicine is an essential branch of medicalscience that focuses on diagnosing and treating patients through direct clinical care. Practitioners of clinical medicine, such as physicians, nurses, and healthcare professionals, work directly with patients to assess their health status, provide treatments, and monitor their progress.One of the key aspects of clinical medicine is the diagnostic process. Healthcare professionals use varioustools and techniques, such as physical examinations,laboratory tests, imaging studies, and patient histories, to identify the underlying causes of patients' symptoms. By accurately diagnosing patients' conditions, clinicians can develop appropriate treatment plans to address their health needs.In clinical medicine, treatment plans may include medications, procedures, surgeries, rehabilitation, and lifestyle interventions. Healthcare professionals collaborate with patients to determine the best course of action based on the patient's individual needs, preferences, and priorities. The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms, improve health outcomes, and enhance patients' quality of life.Another important aspect of clinical medicine is patient education and communication. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in helping patients understand their conditions, treatment options, and self-care strategies. By providing clear and accurate information, clinicians empower patients to make informed decisions about their health and participate actively in their care.In addition to providing direct patient care, clinical medicine also involves research and education. Healthcare professionals engage in clinical research to advance medicalknowledge, develop new treatments, and improve patient outcomes. Through continuing education and training programs, clinicians stay current on the latest medical advancements and best practices to deliver high-quality care to patients.Overall, clinical medicine plays a vital role in promoting and maintaining the health and well-being of individuals and communities. By combining scientific knowledge, clinical expertise, and compassionate care, healthcare professionals in clinical medicine make a positive impact on patients' lives and contribute to the advancement of medical science.。

临床医学英语各单元课后重点单词及习题部分解析U1单词：结核病：tuberculosis 精神科：psychiatry麻醉：anesthesia 恢复；康复：rehabilitation选词填空：1 、AS is the case with so many organs ，t he function of the heartis rather complicated（复杂的）2、Not all details of the liver transplantation are available（可用的）3、Please report to the personnel（人事部）department of manager4 、Upper lobe bronchiectasis is usually secondary to tuberculosis（结核病）翻译：1、医学的进步在医疗界创造了一场实质性的革命：为病人提供的服务质量得到改善；医疗从业人员的职业培训要求有所提高；人们处理伤病的方法也增多了。

Advances in medical science have created a virtual revolution in the health services field。

The quality of the care available to patients has improved；the need for personnel trained in the health professions has grown ；and the variety of ways for people to work with the sick and injured has increased2、病历是永久性的资料，记录着病人在住院期间所接受的一切治疗。

病历至少应包含以下内容：病人的病情是如何得到观察和诊断的；如何治疗；以及病人对治疗的反应This medical record is a permanent document 。

临床医学英语课后习题答案临床医学英语课后习题答案在临床医学领域，掌握英语是非常重要的，因为医学是一门国际化的学科，医生需要与来自不同国家的患者和同行进行交流。

因此，学习临床医学英语是每个医学生的必修课程之一。

本文将为大家提供一些临床医学英语课后习题的答案，帮助大家更好地掌握这门学科。

1. What is the meaning of the medical term "hypertension"?答案：The medical term "hypertension" refers to high blood pressure. It is a condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls is too high, leading to various health problems.2. What are the symptoms of diabetes?答案：The symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow healing of wounds. It is important to note that not all individuals with diabetes will experience these symptoms.3. Define the term "pneumonia".答案：Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and leads to symptoms such as cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.4. What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?答案：A benign tumor is a non-cancerous growth that does not spread to other parts of the body. It can usually be removed and does not pose a significantthreat to health. On the other hand, a malignant tumor is cancerous and has the ability to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.5. What is the function of the pancreas?答案：The pancreas is a gland located in the abdomen that plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. It produces enzymes that help break down food in the small intestine and produces insulin and glucagon, hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.6. Explain the term "cardiovascular disease".答案：Cardiovascular disease refers to a class of diseases that involve the heart and blood vessels. It includes conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.7. What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?答案：An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It is used to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions, such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and heart valve problems. The test involves attaching electrodes to the skin, which detect and record the electrical signals produced by the heart.8. Define the term "anemia".答案：Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It can result from various causes, such as irondeficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, or chronic diseases. Symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat. 9. What is the function of the kidneys?答案：The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the back of the abdomen. They play a vital role in maintaining the body's overall health by filtering waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood to form urine. The kidneys also help regulate blood pressure, produce red blood cells, and maintain electrolyte balance.10. Explain the term "gastroenteritis".答案：Gastroenteritis, also known as stomach flu, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection and leads to symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Gastroenteritis is commonly spread through contaminated food or water.总结：通过以上的临床医学英语课后习题的答案，我们可以更好地理解和掌握临床医学英语的相关知识。