大学英语自学教程上册unit6

大学英语自学教程上UNIT6[00:02.09]第六单元课文A[00:04.18]Diamonds[00:05.96]金刚石[00:07.73]Diamonds are rare, beautiful, and also quite useful.[00:10.81]金刚石是稀有物质，美丽，并且有使用价值。

[00:13.90]They are the hardest substance found in nature.[00:16.27]金刚石是自然界所发现的最坚硬的物质。

[00:18.65]That means a diamond can cut any other surface.[00:21.17]这意味着金刚石能够切割其他任何物体表面。

[00:23.69]And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.[00:27.08]只有金刚石才能在金刚石上刻划很浅的痕迹。

[00:30.46]Diamonds are made from carbon.[00:32.78]金刚石的成分是碳。

[00:35.11]Carbon is found in all living things,both plant and animal.[00:38.30]碳存在于包括动物与植物在内的一切生物体中。

[00:41.48]Much of the carbon in the earth comes from things that once lived.[00:44.96]地球上的大部分碳来源于曾是有生命的物体。

[00:48.43]Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure[00:51.87]科学家认识到极高的温度和压力[00:55.30] changes carbon into diamonds.[00:57.67]使碳变成了金刚石。

Unit 1Text A How to Be a Successful Language Learner?搭配：1.wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事/动词词组2.look for sth./sb. 寻找某人或某物/动词词组3.make a mistake 犯错误/动词词组4.be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事/形容词词组5.be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事/形容词词组6.do sth. with a purpose 有目的地做某事/故意做某事/动词词组7.be interested in sth./sb. 对某人或某物很感兴趣/形容词词组municate with sb. 与某人交流/动词词组9.learn from sb. 想某人学习10.might do well to do sth. 最好做某事句型：1.S.+V.+it+adj.+to do sth. 形式宾语句型n.e.g. S ome people find it difficult to succeed in language learning.Some people find it difficult to succeed in other fields.They find it easy to practice using the language regularly.2.It is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 形式主语句型e.g. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of everyword.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn for them.语言点：1.success(n.)-successful(adj.)-succeed(v.) 成功2.hundreds of people与eight hundred people：请注意有数词存在后，表量名词的变化。

Unit Six A World of MysteryTeaching Aims:In this unit students are required to :1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of thereading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;2)do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc.to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which helpthem to enrich their vocabulary;4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp someexpressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading topractice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;6)translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by usingsome expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.Useful Information:We humans have found countless mysteries of the universe with which to occupy our minds over the centuries. We not only ask about what something is but we also want to know why is. Ancient people invented elaborate mythological explanations to account for the mysterious things they saw. Both the sky with its heavenly bodies and seemingly never-ending vastness and the seas with their great depths and power were, and still are, capable of filling people with feelings of awe and wonder.The Bermuda Triangle, a section of the North Atlantic Ocean off North America in which many ships and airplanes are said to have mysteriously disappeared over the years, still remains mysterious to many people. While there are plausible theories today, they have yetto be proved. This vaguely triangular-shaped area of ocean has countless stories and some people actually believe its mystery will never be satisfactorily explained. Even if it is, there will still remain many things in this world of mystery that will keep us asking,“Why? ”Part One Preparation1.Mysterious CirclesSample 1I guess these crop circles were man-made. Some teenagers may have made them as a joke, or farmers may have made them to attract tourists because a lot of people would go there to have a look at the so-called mysterious crop circle.Sample 2Beings from outer space may have made the circles. I believe there must be other creatures in outer space. These creatures have been trying to communicate with us from far away and the crop circles must be messages from them. Or the creatures may have actually landed on the fields and the circles were marks left by their spaceship. Anyway, it is hard to believe that any natural force could have created a perfect circles in a field of wheat.Sample 3The magnetic properties of the area might be responsible for the mysterious appearance of the crop circles.2.Life in Outer Space?Sample 1Yes, I believe there is life in outer space. Since the universe is so immense and it contains so many heavenly bodies, other forms of life have probably evolved on some other planets as well. Creatures in outer space may be tall and slender, perhaps with a huge head. They might have no hair or teeth. They are probably far more intelligent than people on the Earth so they can visit the Earth by UFOs. They are likely neither friendly nor hostile to human beings. They are simply in interested in us so they visit the Earth and even take some humans away to their planet to experiment on.Sample 2No, I don’t think there is any space. Despite those amazing stories told by popular science fiction books and films, so far there has been no scientific evidence of life in outer space. Certainly, there have been stories of UFOs. But almost all of them have been traced to natural or man-made causes.3.The Mystery of the Twenty-Third FloorSampleMr. X was a very short man. He could not reach the button for floor twenty-three since it was at the top of the panel. He could only reach the buttons for floor one, floor two and floor three. Since he was too shy to ask for help, on sunny days he would take the elevator to floor three and three climb the stairs to floor twenty-three. But on rainy days, he had an umbrella with him, so he could reach the button for floor twenty-three with his umbrella.Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingPre-Reading1)The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the Western Atlantic Oceanbetween Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico.2)The Bermuda Triangle is known for its being mysterious. Manyairplanes and ships have disappeared in this very mysterious part of the world. The people on board also disappeared and have never been found. For years now, scientists and others have been puzzled by this mystery. Many people believe that area has a special, magical force, making it very dangerous to go into the area. Some people even believe that those planes and ships were kidnapped by creatures from outer space.Words, Phrases and Grammatical Points1.take off (ll.1--2)The phrase “take off ”has several meanings when it is used intransitively.1)(used for an airplane, etc.) leave the ground and start flyingeg.:The airplane took off from the airport.We took off in the jet airliner and soon had crossed the country.2)become successful, popular, or well-knowneg.:It was at this point that her acting career really took off.Her singing career took after an appearance on Johnny Carson’s “Tonight” show in America.3)go away, often suddenly and unexpectedlyeg:When he saw me, he took off in the other direction.She just took off without saying goodbye to anyone.The phrase “take something off” has the following meanings when it is used transitively.1)remove(especially clothes)eg:Take your shoes off before you come in.He took off his clothes and got into the bath.2)have the period of time mentioned as a holidayeg:I’m going to take a week off.It’s difficult for me to take time off during the summer.2.happen / occur/ take place (l22).“happen”and “occur”are usually used with events that are not planned. The word “occur”is more formal than “happen”. The phrase “take place” sometimes suggests that an event is planned. eg:Could you describe to the police what happened after you left the party?The accident happened/occurred at 10:00 a.m.The next attract took place four hours later.3.result in (l.38) result fromThe phrase “result in” means “cause something to happen or exist”and “result from” means “happen or exist because or something.”The accident resulted in the dearth of two passengers.The talk has resulted in better understanding between the two countries.Ninety per cent of deaths resulted from injuries to the head.His difficulty in walking results from a childhood illness.Post-ReadingTranslation1)Her hard work resulted in a big bonus for her.2)Children were watching the planes take off and land.3)As soon as I’m on board a ship I always feel sick.4)A total of 20,000 people visited the museum on the first day itwas open to the public.5)The committee consists of scientists and engineers.6)I wouldn’t dare to go home with the job unfinished.Part Three Further Development1.Grammar ReviewSampleThere can’t be any life on Mars as there is very little oxygen and water on the planet. What’s more, the temperature at night is as low as 50 and such severe conditions make Mars uninhabitable. But there may have been some form of life on Mars a long time ago because the surface of the planet seems to show that water plowed across it. At that time, the plane might have had volcanoes; the atmosphere might have been thicker and warmer; and there might have been water on Mars. Now some people believe that Mars could support life in the future if the right conditions were produced. With warmth, water and carbon dioxide, simple plants could begin to grow. These plants could slowly make Mars habitable.Other Mysteries That You KnowSampleIn the Tarim Basin in China, some mummies were unearthed. They were not Chinese. They were not even Asian. They were Caucasian. Evidence shows that these people lived in the Tarim Basin four thousand years ago and thrived there for at least 1,5000years but then disappeared. So who were they? What language did they speak? Where did they come from? Why did they disappear? These questions have puzzled many scientists and scholars. Some believe these people probably migrated to Asia from southern Russian, and they have come from Iran or Turkey. These mummies remain a mystery to us.Part Four Listening-Centered ActivitiesViewing, Understanding And SpeakingPlay the video for at least three times. For the first time, the students are expected to only watch and enjoy it, then the second time to do exercises, the third time the teacher can stop the video appropriately with explanation about the difficulties.For listening exercises One, Two, Three, the teacher can play them several times with relevant explanations as well. Besides, More Listening exercises can be chosen if time permitted.In-class readingPart Five Writing and TranslationTranslation Practice:1)酒后驾车严重威胁其他道路使用者。

大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记Unit 6-1Unit 6Text A: DiamondsA.New words:1.rare: adj 稀有的、难得的（不是数量少，而是物种稀有，区别于scarce）,rarely: adv 同义词：unusual2.sustance: n material 物质3.slight: small adj 轻微的4.extreme: a 极端的；n 极端；adv extremely5.pressure: n 压力；press v 压住6.popular: adj 流行的、受欢迎的be popular with/among; popularity: n; popularize: v 使…流行、普及（*）a.our products have enjoyed general popularity.b.They are trying to popularize their new methods of farming.c.Madonna’s songs are extremely popular with young people.7.handful: n 一把；hand: n 手；v 递给（*）a.please put your hand up if you can answer the question.b.please hand me that model plane.c.only a handful of people came into the meeting.8.formation: n 形成、构成；form: n 表格；v 形成（*）a.They formed a friendship when they were in the army.b.parents play an important role in the formation of their children’s habits.c.Football and tennis are different forms of sports.9.volcano: n 火山；volcanoes10.somewhat: adv 有点I’m somewhat surprised about his behavior.11.elevator: n 同义词：lift12.impressive: adj 印象深刻的；impress: v 留下深刻印象；impression: n 印象（*）a.What was your first impression of Beijing?b.We listened to a very impressive speech yesterday.c.I was deeply impressed by his noble deeds.13.experienced: adj 有经验的；inexperienced 无经验的；experience: n 经验、经历; v 经历(*)a.She has much experience in teaching, so she’s an experienced teacher.b.I had a funny experience in Africa last year.14.miner: n 矿工；mine: n 矿，gold mine15.immediately: adv 立刻，at once。

大学英语自学教程(上册)笔记Unit6-2B.Intensive reading:1.They are the hardest substance found in nature.译:它是被发现的自然界中最坚硬的物质。

found作定语，短语：in nature2.There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been found.（*）译：人们发现的金刚石主要产区只有四个。

where引导一个定语从句。

3.Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe.became popular with sb:在…受欢迎，流行。

4.India’s supply of diamonds was finally running out after2500years of mining the stones.译：2500年的开采终于使印度的金刚石资源枯竭。

run out用尽、枯竭；We are running out of our fresh water.5.These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth20000years ago.译：这些金刚石可能是在两万年前，随着覆盖于地球表面的冰川，从它们的形成漂移至印度的。

这句话注意它的从句：where they were formed作介词from的宾语从句，词性相当于后面的India，不是定语也不是状语；that covered parts of the earth20000years ago是定语从句修饰great sheets of moving ice。

Unit 6The Value of MoneyText APre-reading Question1.Recall and describe how your parents allocated pocket money to you and how you spent it.2.What influence does the way of giving pocket money have on kids` finance management?Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely School-going children need pocket money for food,stationery and bus fares. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved. On the other hand, the children`s spending habits may affect how pocket money is given.Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as “food money”. Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending. Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of the child. The child may spendevery single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food, as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being short-sighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds. They may develop the mentality that money is meant to be spent. Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.Children need to learn how to budget their money. Some parents go by the “learning by doing” principle and give their children lump sums at the beginning of the month, and by the trird week of the month their account is already dry.On the other hand, some learn to budget their pocket money very well and even have savings at the end of the month. They do not borrow money unnecessarily. In other words, they learn to spend within their means. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs they learn to spend within their means. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ourselves only if there is money left. This habit when inculcated since young, stands them in good stead when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of “buy now and pay later” schemes.Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket money. They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money and move on to monthly pocket money. When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances will later in their lives.Text BPre-reading Questions1.What do you think of the old saying, “money is the root of all evil”?2.Do you believe how people think about money determines whether their money flow is constant?The Importance of Money in LifeWhat were you taught about money as you were growing up? Something like “money doesn`t grow on trees”, or “money is the root of all evil”, or maybe “all rich people are greedy”Well, how do you expect to become a success financially if you believe these things? You attract into your life what you are thinking about and what you believe. If you think there is not enough money in this world for everyone you will never have enough money. That is called the enough money in this world for everyone you will never have enough money. That is called the Law of Attraction.First of all, believing that “money doesn`t grow on trees”is an example of what`s called lack or scarcity programming. Our parents taught us that there was never enough money to go around, and there is lots of money to go around for everyone. Just think what you could do if you have as much money as your heart desires. What wonderful things you could do with it: travel to the countries you have always dreamt of, buy a house you are even scared to think about, attend meditation classes so you could spiritually grow, donate money to your favorite charity, spend more quality time with your family, and the list goes on.The key is to start thinking that you deserve the money and that there is lots of it available for you, and then you can start attracting it into your life. That`s abundance thinking, which is the opposite of lack or scarcity thinking. When you start thinking about the abundance the Law of Attraction will do the rest. You do not need to know how it is going to happen. Just make the first step, first thought. Starting is already winning.And what about thinking that “money is the root of all evil?”can you really expect to become a success if you believe that money is the root of all evil? Unless you have a desire to be an evil person, your subconscious will not let you have money if you believe deep down that it is the root of all evil.By the way, that quote is taken out of context in the first place. It was originally stated as “the love of money is the root of all evil”. So it has nothing to do with the money itself.Now that you understand that, you can start to think that money is in fact good. You can help people with money. You can stimulate the economy with money. Even the most kind-hearted spiritual person, who says they don`t need money, can do more to make the world a better place with money than without it.And what about thinking that “all rich people are greedy”? Well, that creates us versus them, whereby you have labeled all of “them”greedy in your mind. You, on the other hand, are very giving in your mind. That`s why you don`t have money, because you`re not greedy.Sure, there must be some rich people in the world who are greedy. Bur there are also poor people who are greedy. There are both rich and poor people who are very giving as well. The amount of money you have has nothing to do with these character traits.In fact, a lot of rich people got there by not being greedy. Having a giving attitude opens up a flow of money that often brings them more. You will find the same thing: give away money joyfully to a friend,and notice that it comes back to you in some other form. The world needs to be a balance of give and take, and being joyful both as you give and receive will ensure that you always go with the flow.And changing your mindset from what you were taught as a child to a healthier view of money will allow you to become the financial success you deserve to be, to become the real you.。

6Key to exercises:V ocabulary exercises:I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. demanding jobs= jobs needing a lot of attention or effort 费力的工作2. with regard to = in connection with; on the subject of 关于，至于3. stigma =sign of shame; feeling of being ashamed 耻辱，受到侮辱4. g ive-and-take=willingness of each person to satisfy others’ wishes 妥协，互让5. declined=decreased6. sibling jealousy=the feeling of wanting to get what sb. else has among brothers and sistersII. F ill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1.arise from2.unique3.self-esteem4.stigma5.overwhelming6.interacted7.favoritism8.prime9.involved10.despiteIII. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1 B2 C3 D4 A5 C6 D 7B 8A 9B 10 CIV. F ill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its appropriate form and note the difference of meaning between them.1 a burden b burden c loads d load2 a choose b elected c choose d elected3 a issue b problem c problem d issue4 a trend b trend c fashion d fashioV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. only, sole2. uncommon, unusual, extraordinary, exceptional3. honor, admire, esteem4. decrease, diminish, lessen5. worries, anxiety6. insignificant, weak, feeble, powerless7. first, chief, main, primary, principal, foremost, leading8. fortunately, luckilyVI. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the bracket.1.She is famous for her advocacy of human rights. (advocate)2.When the time for parting came, he shook hands with everyone respectfully.(respect)3.It is estimated that China has enormous potential for economic development in thecoming year. (potentially)4.The job of a surveyor is to examine the condition of a building, or to measure andrecord the details of an area of land. (survey)5.The British Air Force succeeded despite overwhelming odds against them.(overwhelm)6.The association between the two companies dates back to the last century.(associate)7.There is no English equivalent for “bon appetite,” so we have adopted the Frenchexpression. (equivalence)8.I thought his remark was highly inappropriate, given the circumstances.(appropriate)Grammar exercises:I.Replace the that-clause in each of the following sentences by a prepositional phrase without changing the original meaning.1. The young man convinced everyone of his innocence.2. Are you sure about/of Simon’s disappearance?3. No one is sorry about Laeler’s resignation.4. I assure you of my willingness to stand down.5. They persuaded him of their need for more troops.6. Did anyone inform you of the change of the plans?7. I must remind you of your responsibility towards your friends.8. No one told me of these problems.plete the following sentences with the appropriate complex prepositions listed below.1. but for2. Except for3. in the case of4. What with5. In terms of6. In view of7. by way of8. in point ofIII.Replace the underlined finit clause in each sentence by a prepositional phrase.1. In spite of the city’s many attractions,2. Despite the clear scientific evidence,3. with all his immense fortune4. For all your huge secretarial staff,5. because of the heavy rain6. for moneybine each pair of sentences into one. Use the word(s) in brackets.1. Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understood.2. Despite living/ the fact that we live in the same street, we hardly ever see eachother.3. John didn’t get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualificai tons.4. We rarely go to the theatre except around Christmas, when we take the children.5. But for the millions of dollars’ worth of aid from governments around the world,most people in the country would have starved to death.6. The Prime Minister returned home because of growing unrest in the country.7. We must be near the beach because I can hear the waves.8. We will go ahead with our project even though our partners pull out.V. In each sentence, insert an appropriate conjunction from the list below.1 because2 as3 though4 whenever5 wherever6 since7 where8 or elseVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, using a what-clause as a noun phrase.e.g. Cultures differs in their value systems; what is acceptable in one culture maynot be so in another culture.Translation exercises:I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 家里没有别的孩子和他交往，这就使得孩子有时候赶到孤独，尤其在假期里。