2019考研翻硕词条每日分享

历年翻硕考题词语翻译总结历年的真题很重要，同样对于在真题中出现的词组，同学们在备考的过程中也要多加注意，所以，对于真题中出现几率较大的词组，凯程陈老师给大家整理了一下，供大家参考以及备考使用。

政治、社会1、illegal assembly 非法集会2、Carcun conference 2010 坎昆气候大会3、UN security Council 联合国安理会4、Border fense 国界线5、Black European 黑欧洲6、Environment justice 环境正义7、Armistice Day 停战纪念日8、Juvenile court 少年法庭9、International protocol 国际礼仪10、International Herald Tribune 国际先驱论坛11、Common law system 习惯法12、Migrant rural workers 农民工13、Weapon of massive destruction 大规模杀伤性武器14、International practice 国际惯例15、Brain drain 人才流失16、Humanitarian crisis 人道主义危机17、Transparency international 透明国际组织18、Jungle law 丛林法则19、Zeitgeist 时代精神20、Diet of Japan 日本国会21、The Tories 英国保守党22、The treasury department of the US 美国财政部23、The civil law system 民法法系24、The Paries Peace Conference 巴黎和会25、Think tank 智囊团26、Inaugural address 就职演讲27、Kyoto protocol 京都议定书28、The Millennium Development Goals 联合国千年发展计划29、中央情报局CIA 30、核裁军nuclear disarmament 31、军事法庭32、习惯法common law system 33、天道酬勤god helps those who help themselves 34、可持续发展sustainable development 35、新兴市场国家emerging market country 36、黑帮sinister gang 37、留守儿童stay-at-home children 38、无党派人士39、《国富论》The Wealth of Nation 40、以人为本put the people first 41、信访局Bureau for letters and visit 42、海基会SEF 43、大运会Universiade 44、上海公报The Shanghai Communique 45、海关总署GAC 46、石油输出国组织OPEC47、中国红十字协会RCSC 48、西部大开发large-scale development of the western region 49、安居工程Comfortable Housing Project 50、国家主权和领土完整sovereignty and territorial integrity 51、中东和平进程The Middle East Peace Process 52、科教兴国strength nation through science and education 53、节能减排energy reserve and emission reduction 54、低碳生活low-carbon life 55、手机实名制mobile phone identification policy 56、上海世博会Shanghai Expo 57、事业单位public institution 58、提高出生人口质量raise the quality of newborns 59、创新型国家innovational nation 60、建设社会主义新农村building a new socialist countryside 61、全面建设小康社会build a moderately prosperous society in all respects 62、基层民主democracy at the grassroots level 63、粮食安全food security 64、社会事业65、弱势群体disadvantaged groups 66、动荡时期arrest period 67、哄抬物价bid up price 68、试点项目pilot project 69、拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition70、自治区autonomous region 71、公共卫生体系public health system 72、科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development 73、平等互利equality and mutual benefit 74、自主创新independent innovation 75、自然资源natural resource 76、和平共处五项原则Five Principal for Peaceful Coexistent 77、司法公正judicial justice 78、白色农业white agriculture 79、国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 80、红白喜事wedding and funeral 81、海协会ARATS 82、钉子户nail house 83、中西医合并combine the traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine 84、重症监护病房ICU 85、针灸治疗法acupuncture and moxibustion 86、双面绣bifacial embroidery 87、三农问题issues of agriculture , farmers and rural area 88、养老基金pension insurance fund89、急救站emergency station 90、原油crude oil 91、记者招待会press conference 92、房地产real estate 93、分期付款payment by instalment 94、生态补偿机制ecology compensation mechanism 95、中国国际航空公司Air China 96、中国人民广播电视台CNR 97、核威慑nuclear deterrence 98、京剧脸谱Peking Opera make ups 99、法人实体juridical entity 100、脱贫致富cast off poverty to get rich 101、南水北调the south-to-north water diversion project 102、兵马俑Terracotta warriors 103、国家一二五计划the 12th five-year plan 104、上海合作组织Shanghai Cooperation Organization 105、国际法主体subject of international law 106、国际法准则principle of international law 107、素质教育quality-oriented education 108、公务员civil servant 109、展馆pavilion 110、房奴mortgage salve 111、美国中期选举United State midterm election 112、从重思想conformity 113、户籍改革制度reform of household registration system114、全面战略伙伴关系comprehensive strategic partnership 115、统筹兼顾take all factor into consideration 116、廉政公署Independent Commission Against Corruption。

2019年考研英语翻译每日一句：甲骨文The earliest characters once existed in China areJiaguwen carved on tortoise shells or animal bones,mainly during the Shang Dynasty. In 1899，theinscriptions of the ShangDynasty's Jiaguwen weredetected in Anyang of Henan Province which was thecapital in the late Shang Dynasty. So far, altogether more than 100,000 pieces of tortoise shellsand animal bones have been unearthed from Anyang;about 4,500 Chinese characters have beenfound on the tortoise shells and animal bones, among which 1,700 have been confirmed.Theseare very important materials for us to research into the originof Chinese characters. In thepast, people generallyconsidered Jiaguwen of the Shang Dynasty as the earliest Chinesecharacters. But in 1980s, some other tortoise shells and animal bones carved with characterswere found in the suburb of Xi'an. Archaeologists made sure that thesecharacters were about4,000 years ago, even earlier than Jiaguwen.参考翻译：中国最早的文字主要是商朝时期刻在龟壳或兽骨上的甲骨文(Jiaguwen)。

2019考研英语词汇：必背5500词（15）452. behavior [bi'heivj] "n.(behaviour)行为,举止;(机器等)运转情况"453. behind [bi'haind] prep.在...的背后，(遗留)在..后面;落后于454. being ['bi：] "n.生物，生命,存有;"455. belief [bi'li：f] n.信任，相信，信念;信仰，信条456. believe [bi'li：v] vt.相信，认为 vi.相信，信任，信奉457. bell [bel] "n.钟,铃"458. belly ['beli] n.肚子，腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛459. belong [bi'l] "v.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)"460. beloved "[bi'lvid, -'lvd]" "a./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人"461. below [bi'lu] prep.在„下面，在„以下 ad.在下面，向下462. belt [belt] "n.(皮)带,腰带;地带" 463. bench [bent] "n.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座"464. bend [bend] "v.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服 n.弯曲(处),曲折处"465. beneath [bi'ni：θ] "prep.在„下边,在„之下 ad.在下方"466. beneficial "[,beni'fil]" "a.(to)有利的,有益的"467. benefit ['benifit] "n.利益,好处,恩惠 v.有益于;(from,by)受益"468. benign [bi'nain] "a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的"469. beside [bi'said] prep.在...旁边，在...附近;和...相比470. besides [bi'saidz] ad.此外;并且 prep.于„之外;除„以外471. best [best] a.的(good和well级) ad.地;最472. bet [bet] "v.赌,打赌 n.打赌,赌注"473. betray [bi'trei] "v.背叛,出卖;暴露,流露,泄露"474. better [bet] a.较好的 ad.更好(地) v.改良 n.较佳者475. between [bi'twi：n] prep.在„之间，在(两者)之间 ad.在中间476. beverage ['bevrid] n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料477. beware [bi'wε] "v.当心,谨防"478. bewilder [bi'wild] "v.使迷惑,难住"479. beyond [bi'jnd] prep.在(或向)...的那边，远于;超出;480. bias ['bais] "n./v.(使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒"481. Bible n.圣经482. bibliography "[,bibli'ɡrfi]" n.(相关某一专题的)书目;参考书目483. bicycle ['baisikl] n.(bike)自行车 vi.骑自行车484. bid [bid] "v.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标 n.出众,投标"485. big [biɡ] a.大的;重要的;宽宏大量的;大受欢迎的486. bill [bil] "n.账单;招贴,广告;(人员,职称等的)表;钞票"487. billion ['biljn] "num./n.(美)十亿,(英)万亿"488. bin [bin] n.(贮藏食物等用的)箱子489. bind [baind] "v.捆,绑,包括,束缚"490. biography [bai'ɡrfi] n.传记;传记文学491. biology [bai'ldi] n.生物学492. bird [b：d] n.鸟，雀;女人;嘘声493. birth [bɑ：θ] n.出生，诞生;出身，血统;起源;出现494. birthday ['b：θdei] n.生日;(成方)纪念日495. biscuit ['biskit] "n.饼干,点心"496. bit [bit] "n.一点,一些;小块,少量;片刻; [计]位,比特"497. bite [bait] "v./n.咬,叮 n.一口"498. bitter ['bit] "a.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的"499. bizarre [bi'zɑ：] adj.异乎寻常的，稀奇古怪的500. black [blk] a.黑(色)的;黑暗的 n.黑(色);黑暗;黑人。

2019英语考研词汇复习笔记翻硕复习的一大重头戏就是词汇，而词汇量是巨大的，必须要有日常的积累和复习，并且掌握科学的记忆方法，才能最有效地积累词汇量。

下面是关于英语词汇的学习笔记以供大家参考。

(1)1、appease(vt)make sb/sth quiet or calm，usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使某人某事物安静或平息(通常为作出让步或满足要求)appease sb’s anger 平息某人的怒气◎ appeasement(n)平息的行动或政策(尤指为避免战争对潜在敌人作出的让步);安抚，姑息★ placate(vt)make sb less angry;soothe or pacify 安慰，抚慰某人，使某人平静，息怒◎ placatory(adj)安慰的，抚慰的，和解的2、catastrophe(n)sudden great desaster or misfortune 突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe 这次地震是可怕的灾难。

◎ catastrophic(adj)灾难性的★ calamity(n)serious misfortune or disaster 灾祸，灾难There are worse calamities than failing your driving test 比起你驾驶考试不合格来，更大的灾难还多着呢。

3、daunt(vt)(通常用于被动语态)discourage sb;frighten 使某人气馁，威吓;I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience 我一想到要对这样的听众讲话，就有些胆小。

(习语)nothing daunted 毫无惧色，毫不气馁★ dismay(n)feeling of shock and discouragement 惊愕，气馁，灰心We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bags 我们瞧着她打行李，感到无可奈何。

2019考研英语翻译必背高频词组（6）封建王朝Feudal dynasty中国革命历史博物馆the Museum of the Chinese Revolution一座历史丰碑a historical monument快节奏的社会fast-tempo society专题展览exhibitions on special subject实地考察on-the-spot investigaion经历了数千年的风吹雨打being beaten by elements for thousands of years古典艺术精品classical art treasures世界文化遗产World Cultural Heritage紫禁城the Forbidden City文物宝库a treasure house of cultural relics私人收藏家personal collector证券交易所securities exchanges股票交易所stock exchanges有组织的买卖过程systematic market process大公司major corporation纽约证券交易所New York Stock Exchange协调税收Tax harmonization热门话题Hot topic欧盟European Union推动力Driving force统一的期望Contemplate on the harmonization国际货币组织International Monetary Fund国内需求domestic demand经济世界化economic globalization双边渠道bilateral channels亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation金融危机financial crisis广泛注重arouse wide concern国际社会international community公正合理的国际经济新秩序a new and reasonable international economic order从大局出发proceed from the whole situation财政政策financial policy共同繁荣common prosperity贸易投资自由化trade and investment liberalization日新月异progress with each passing day知识经济knowledge economy教职工faulty members订阅subscribes to杂志期刊journals and periodicals娱乐体育设施recreations and athletic facilities 文科系arts department应用科学applied science诺贝尔奖金获得者recipients of Nobel Prize文化和个人素质intellectual and personal qualities 生活费living expenses团队意识sense of community成人教育学院continuing education school仿真实验室simulation laboratory教育部Ministry of Education土木工程civil engineering全国重点大学national key university信息技术information technology函授生correspondence student外国留学生international student教育展览会Education Exhibition组委会organizing committee主要内容main component热点话题much-talked-about topic共同关心的信息mutually concerned information。

很给力gelivable预付费卡Prepaid card铁杆粉丝Die-hard fan职场冷暴力Emotional office abuse熟年离婚Late-life divorce性侵犯Sexual assault吊销执照Revoke license决定性胜利Decisive victory带薪年假Paid annual leave利好因素Feel-good factor工作量Workload肥胖谈话Fat talk新能源示范城New-energy model city滞销蔬菜Unsalable vegetable 杨柳“飞絮”Fluffy catkin抗震鉴定Anti-earthquake evaluation网上祭扫Onlinetomb-sweeping明码标价Prices be marked clearly秘恋Hush-hush affair蜗居pigeonhole沙尘回流Dust backflow睡眠障碍Sleep disorder微小说Hint fiction瘦肉精Lean meat powder恐慌购买Panic buying轮流停电Rolling blackout熟年离婚Late-life divorce核心熔毁Nuclear meltdown恋爱登记Relationship registration创造性思维Out-of-box thinking“零团费”旅游free-of-charge tour通货膨胀Inflation饮水机杂谈Water cooler gossip古董衫Vintage clothing跳板工作Rebound job 纳米假日Nanobreak物联网Internet of things哈租族Hire clan冻雨Freezing rain贸鼠Mall rat分红corporate bonus车牌摇号license-plate lottery圣战Holy war回扣Kickback脑死亡Brain death地价过快上涨Excessivegrowth in land price鼠族mouse tribe软瘾soft addiction血汗工厂sweatshop年终奖annual bonus南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre奥巴马乱Obama-mess房产税property tax谈判筹码bargaining chip车辆购置税vehicle purchasetax城市病urban disease航班延误flight delay世界艾滋病日World AIDSDay整容手术plastic surgery午间危机mid-day crisis联合军演Joint military drill公务用车government car三聚氰胺melamine大满贯grand slam兴奋剂检测dope test房贷跳槽mortgage-hopping通货膨胀inflation住宅限购令house purchaserestriction光棍节Singles Day反式脂肪酸trans fat植入式广告Product placement记者节Journalists' Day惊天八卦striking gossip私生子lovechild减肥药diet pill或slimmingdrug邮包炸弹parcel bomb或mailbomb人口普查员census taker闪婚flash-marry住房补贴housing subsidy明星代言celebrity endorsement创业板Growth EnterpriseMarket维基解密Wikileaks恶意营销smear campaign口水战war of words存款利率deposit rate网络自搜egosurfing草莓族Strawberry Generation碳足迹Carbon footprint网络摸鱼cyberslacking带蛆柑橘maggot-infestedorange野人bigfoot平流雾advection fog婚前协议prenuptial agreement韩国泡菜kimchi网络议价师net bargainer裸婚naked wedding职业倦怠job burnout疯狂看碟Powerdisking票房毒药box office flop钓鱼执法entrapment登革热dengue fever微小青春期mini-puberty或minipuberty裸捐all-out donation伏天dog days。

19翻硕考研复习资料短语解释详解（2）封闭式管理 closed-off management (Closed-off management, which has been implemented in some Beijing villages where migrant residents outnumber permanent residents, will be further promoted across the capital after the move received approval from both the country's top police official and the city's Party chief. 近日在北京一些流动人口数量超过常住人口数量的“倒挂村”实施的封闭式管理得到了公安部领到和北京市党委书记的认可，此举将会在首都进一步推广实施。

) 封闭式基金 close-ended fund 封顶 seal the top; sealing-top 丰富民主形式 Develop diverse forms of democracy 奉公守法 abide by the law and social discipline 锋利扣杀 razor-sharp smash 疯牛病 mad cow disease; bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 封杀出局 force out 封圣 canonization of Saints丰收 bumper harvest (Consumers will still face moderate grain price hikes this year, despite the country seeing a bumper harvest, a senior agricultural official said on Thursday. 农业部一位高级官员周四表示，虽然今年我国粮食会丰收，但消费者还是要面临粮价适度上涨的局面。

2019考研英语翻译每日一句精析（67）mostof us give into a demoralization of spirit //which we usually blame onsome psychological conditions, //until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. (33 words)词汇要点：1) demoralization//n. 道德颓废、堕落、士气沮丧2) oppression//n. 压抑、苦恼、沉闷结构要点：1) 整个句子是一个复合句，主句是most of us giveinto…，后面的which定语从句修饰a demoralization of spirit;2) untilone day we find…and feel…是时间状语从句。

汉译逻辑要点：1) a demoralizationof spirit中的demoralization是“堕落，颓废”，这种堕落、沮丧的情绪是一种精神上的状态，我们能够翻译为“精神萎靡”。

giveinto的词典解释为“屈服、让步”，但如果most of usgive into a demoralization of spirit翻译为“多数人屈服于精神萎靡”不大符合我们平时说话的习惯，和“精神萎靡”比较搭配的动词能够是“陷入”，所以这个部分可翻译为“多数人会陷入精神萎靡”。

2) which we usually blame on some psychologicalconditions是which引导的定语从句，which充当从句的宾语，指代demoralization ofspirit(精神萎靡)，所以整个定语从句可改写为we usually blame demoralization of spirit (=which) on some psychological conditions。

翻硕MTI考研词汇必备汇总分享未接电话missed call伪造材料forged document (50 students from the Chinese mainland and Taiwan have been thrown out of United Kingdom-based Newcastle University for using forged qualification documents, UK media reported. 据英国媒体报道，50名中国大陆和台湾留学生因伪造留学申请材料，日前被英国纽卡斯尔大学开除。

) 伪证false evidence (13 government officials have been punished and a man arrested for presenting false evidence to prove the highly endangered South China tiger existed in the wild. )温饱工程Adequate Food and Clothing Program文本短信服务SMS (Short Messaging Service)稳定物价stabilize prices稳定压倒一切Maintaining stability is of top priority文化产业culture industry文化冲击culture shock文化底蕴cultural deposits文化旅游culture-oriented travel文化渗透cultural infiltration文化体制改革cultrual restructuring文科liberal arts文联literary federation文明礼貌月Ethics and Courtesy Month文明社区model community文凭主义credentialism纹身tattoo温室气体greenhouse gases文韬武略civil and military skills问讯处information desk; inquiry desk稳、准、很sure,accurate and relentless文化搭台，经济唱戏to use culture to set up the stage and the economy to put on a show文化设施cultural facilities稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy文明行车courteous driving温室气体排放greenhouse gas emissions (New Zealand will ban traditional light bulb sales from October 2009 to cut greenhouse gas emissions and save up to half a billion dollars in energy costs over 12 years, the government said yesterday.)问责风暴accountability furor违法分包illegal subcontracting窝里斗internecine struggle我们在国际上说话是算数的We always live up to our international commitments.五保户household enjoying the five guarantees (childless and infirm oldpersons who are guarateed food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses)无尘粉笔dust-free chalk无党派人士non-party personage屋顶花园roof garden无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire. 无缝网络Seamless Network无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无公害蔬菜"green" vegetable无固定期限合同open-ended contract (The labor law makes the use of written contracts mandatory and encourages open-ended contracts to protect the rights of workers. 《新劳动合同法》规定，为保护劳动者的合法权益，企业必须与劳动者签订书面合同，并鼓励签订无固定期限合同。

2019考研英语翻译必背高频词组（7）文明乘车civil bus ride希望工程Hope Project以人为本human centered主办城市the host city综合治理comprehensively administer经济萧条economic recession记者招待会press conference钻坯rough diamond先进机器sophisticated machine强劲的增长staggering growth业界trade union统称umbrella name濒临停产边缘be close to production collapse反省reflect on回报期period of investment return痛定思痛recall a painful experience卧薪尝胆endure present hardships to revive兴旺期blossom period茁壮成长develop and flourish持续扩展的出口创汇者expanding export earner定下严格规则impose stringent rules市场波动market fluctuation协会章程association charter总经营额total business revenue用人单位end-user学徒期entry-level从头开始from square one高水平的high-caliber灌输或强化instill or reinforce工作性质job specification本土化项目localization programs表现评估performance appraisal持续调整和日趋完善的阶段the stage of constant adjustment and improvement产学研一体化的办学机制the educational mechanism of combining learning with research andproduction成人学历教育，高等教育自学考试continuing education and self-study examination of highereducation初露端倪reveal its importance for the first time翻译导游tourist interpreter复合型，应用型管理人才versatile and practical management talents结构性调整structural adjustment民俗风情customs and habits相伴而生be accompanied by学术领域academic sector应势而生come into existence as the situation requires在职培训part-time training专业方向professional emphasis资格考试qualification testICAL欧洲经济委员会The Economic Commission for Europe誉满世界A world-wide reputation会议中心Conference center世界卫生组织The world Health Organization国际事务公务员International civil servants国际新闻中心International press center艺术品Works of art国际贸易中心International trading center丰富多彩的文化交融Rich cultural blend旅游胜地Holiday resort自然保护区Natural reserves。

2019翻硕考研高频词汇专题（四）OYganizingcommittee组织委员会YandomHouse兰登书屋(美国出版公司)UnabYidgeddictionaYP足本词典，未删节版词典BA(旅游)英国航空公司;布宜诺斯艾利斯BYitishAiYwaPsBuenosAiYes HousekeepingDepaYtment(旅游)客房部Thelakepoets(文学)湖畔诗人，湖畔派诗人YedwoodtYee赤杉，红杉树Chiclit(文学)鸡仔文学Pekingmoment京华烟云Chopsui炒杂碎(中国菜)，中国菜馆subpYimemoYtgagecYisis次贷危机ChYistianScienceMonitoY基督教科学箴言报SWOTanalPsis态势分析法appealcouYt上诉法院TheTaleofTwoCities双城记theChina-USbusinesscouncil中美商务理事会liaisoninteYpYetation联络口译WoYldHeYitageOYganization世界遗产组织Closed-ciYcuitNewsNetwoYk美国有线新闻网KPodoNewsSeYvice共同社SavingspoYtfolio储蓄投资组合appealcouYt上诉法院SummeYDavosWoYldEconomicFoYum夏季达沃斯世界经济论坛cost-consciousness成本意识stYategicalignment战略对应WIPO世界知识产权组织WoYldIntellectualPYopeYtPOYganization AcademicAwaYd奥斯卡金像奖caYveheYnamewithpYide《女英烈传》(电影名)holidaPinn假日酒店enviYonmentallP-fYiendlPpYoduct环保产品westpoint西点军校Queensland昆士兰(澳大利亚州)Quebec魁北克(加拿大港市省名)SantaClaus圣诞老人SiYWalteYScott瓦尔特·司各特(《Ivanhoe》的作者，StampTaG印花税(20PP年对外经贸大学原题)StandaYd&PooY's标准普尔公司(标普，穆迪，惠誉为三大评级机构) SuezCanal苏伊士运河SPdneP悉尼VancouveY温哥华WestIndies西印度群岛phonetics语音学tYanslationafteYsense翻译后的意义EuYasiaLandBYidge欧亚大陆桥monetaYPintegYation货币一体化EuYope’ssoveYeign-debtcYisis欧洲主权债务危机教育：考研成立于20PP年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

一．希腊古典时代文化的繁荣（一）城邦民主政治（西方民主政治的渊源）1.以雅典为代表的希腊城邦民主政治，是希腊奴隶制文化的一大政治特色2.古希腊城邦政治制度演进阶段：君主政治、贵族政治、僭主政治、民主政治3.雅典民主政治的起点：梭伦改革最终确立：克利斯提尼改革（这次改革使民主政治最终确立）4.雅典民主政治空前繁荣的时代：“伯里克利时代”本时期雅典国家最高权力机构：公民大会公民大会的常设机构：五百人会议（国家最高行政机关）最高司法、监察机关：陪审法庭最高军事机关：十将军委员会5.少数贵族共和制城邦的典型代表：斯巴达6.希腊城邦的本质：公民的自治团体，城邦属于全体公民（二）雅典的日常生活与习俗1.雅典习俗中的特殊现象：对同性恋的认可男子在宗教仪式、体育竞技、格斗中要赤身裸体2.雅典群众性文艺生活的重要形式：戏剧（三）古典时代的哲学1.总特征：1）对爱奥尼亚的唯物主义传统的继承，创立原子论唯物主义，把古希腊朴素唯物主义发展到更高形式，代表人物为留基波和德谟克里特2）探讨的重心从研究自然转向研究人与社会，即从自然哲学转向人本主义哲学，代表人物：智者派、苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德2.原子论学派创始人：留基波3.德谟克里特：“希腊人中第一个百科全书式的学者”、原子论的主要贡献者他认为一切事物的本原是“原子”和“虚空”他的认识论是：影响说早期自然哲学发展的最高成果是：德谟克里特的原子论4.智者学派（诡辩论者）的代表人物：普罗塔哥拉（提出“人是万物的尺度”）智者学派出现的意义：1）标志古希腊早期自然哲学的终结2）为苏格拉底哲学铺平道路3）为希腊哲学的发展开辟新方向4）促进个人主义的发展5.苏格拉底：雅典著名的唯心主义哲学家批判以往的神学目的论、提出“善“的原则，“美德即知识”6.柏拉图：古希腊这哲学家中留下著作最多的人，代表作主要为对话，如《辩诉篇》《裴多篇》《理想国》《巴门尼德篇》《智者篇》7.柏拉图建立起了以客观唯心主义理念论为核心的庞大的唯心主义体系；柏拉图哲学的最基本的概念：理念；他的认识论是唯心主义的先验论8.亚里士多德：名言“吾爱吾师，但吾更爱真理”主要哲学著作：《形而上学》提出了实体论百科全书式的学者，大量著作如《工具篇》《物理学》《论灵魂》《伦理学》《政治学》《雅典政制》《诗学》《修辞学》他是逻辑学的创始人他是古典时代哲学的集大成者，对古希腊哲学进行了比较系统的批判性总结（四）政治学说1.代表人物：柏拉图、亚里士多德2.柏拉图主要著作：《理想国》《政治家篇》《法律篇》；在《理想国》中提出了“正义“的国家观和贤人政治的主张，把全体自由民分为统治者、保卫者和生产者三个等级；贤人政治（哲学为王）是柏拉图理想国的支柱亚里士多德（西方政治学的奠基人）主要著作：《政治学》《雅典政制》；开创了西方传统政治学体系，被誉为政治学的创始人。

2019翻译硕士各校真题汇总北京航空航天大学Skope theory（Skope theorie目的论blank verse translation:无韵体翻译音译：transcription 北京语言大学HTTP：（hypertext transport protocol）超文本传送协议EFTA（European free trade association ）欧洲自由贸易联盟APEC（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）亚太经济合作组NPT (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons)《不扩散核武器条约》V AT（V alue Added Tax）附加税IPO（Initial Public Offering）首次公开募股strait exchange fundation 海峡交流基金会The Milky Way:银河International Date Line国际日期变更线（日界线）returns on equity(REO)股本回报率mass transit system ：公共交通系统 a five percent discount ：九五折equalitarianism：平等主义自主招生：autonomous enrollment工笔画：claborate-style painting 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror限购purchase restriction 弱势群体Social vulnerable groups 军国主义Militarism探月工程lunar probe program 鸿门宴Hongmen banquet 三权分立checks and balances 中国证监会the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)党内民主Democracy within the party2019华中科技大学食品添加剂：food additivesCPI :消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index）AQ：逆境商数( Adversity Quotient)CBD：中央商务区（central business district;）DHL：中外运敦豪国际航空快递有限公司Oxfam：乐施会unitary government：单一制政府intravenous drip：静脉注射EU emission cap：欧盟排放上限咖啡烘焙商：技术密集型产品：technological-intensive product弱势群体：disadvantaged minority，vulnerable groups千年发展目标：The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)金砖五国：BRICS, (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)NDRC ：国家发展和改革委员会(National Development and Reform Commission) ASEAN：东南亚国家联盟(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)，简称东盟。

2019年考研英语翻译每日一句：旅游本期主题【旅游】As a fashionable leisure activity, travelling is favored by a growing number of people. Due to the rapid development of economy, the improvement of living standard and the government's support of tourism, travelling is becoming more and more popular in China. Travelling has gradually become an essential part of people's daily life. On holidays, numerous Chinese tourists would swarm into scenic spots across the world. When travelling, people can broaden their horizons, enrich their knowledge and appreciate beautiful natural landscapes, which would eventually help to relax themselves physically and mentally. Thanks to the rich tourism resources and the enormous tourism market in China, the tourismindustry has become an important part of China's economy at present.参考翻译：旅游作为一种时尚的休闲活动，为越来越多的人所喜爱。

【篇一： * 扰电话】China will take strong measures to curb spam and nuisance phone calls, and strengthen the management of customers' telecommunication charges, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said on Wednesday.工信部 11 日表示，要严苛整顿垃圾短信、 * 扰电话等问题，并增强对用户通讯账单的管理。

Spam 就是“垃圾短信” ，spam 这个词在互联网中很常有，就是unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out inbulk) ，即( 出于商业目的批量发送的) 收件人其实不需要的邮件，即“垃圾邮件”。

此外，“发送垃圾邮件” 这个动作也能够直接用spam来表示，比方： This program lets you spam the newspapers.(这个程序能让你向各家报纸发送垃圾邮件。

)Nuisance phone calls就是“ *扰电话”，也能够简写成nuisance calls ，或许用 unwanted calls表达。

其实，上边的垃圾短信也能够用nuisance texts表示。

针对这些问题，工信部已组织有关通讯管理局、各基础电信公司着手展开三方面的工作：一是敦促电信公司立刻纠正错收费行为 (immediately correctmistaken charges) ，并要求基础电信公司从下月起以短信方式按月向用户主动推送通讯账单信息(send detailed billing information tousers through SMS beginning next month)，让用户明理解白花费。

《西方文化史》名词解释1.逆境论汤因比提出战胜逆境(困难的生存条件是高度文明得以发展的真正原因。

人类文明的起源和生长的法则是人类对各种挑战的成功应战。

2.年鉴学派一战后诞生于法国斯特拉斯堡大学的新的史学流派,代表人物费弗尔和布洛赫,创办杂志《经济与社会史年鉴》,提出“总体史”即要关注人类的全部活动,历史研究的主要内容应该是“人”,把社会作为一个总体的、相互联系的有机机构来认识。

3.荒诞主义加缪荒诞主义哲学宣称世界是荒诞的,人的生存状态是不可被理解的。

4.法兰克福学派是当今西方社会中,影响最大的“西方马克思主义”学派,法兰克福学派即西方马克思主义学派,主张以人道主义为认识论的基础,回复马克思主义的批判本质。

5.大拒绝马尔库赛倡导的革命凡是,即非暴力反抗,拒绝服从暴君的意志。

6.结构主义于20世纪60年代兴起于法国,试图借用自然科学的研究手法去探讨社会、文化生活的问题,力求找到一种超越时间性的“结构”和原始模式,注重抽象共性和整体性。

7.解构主义批判结构主义的唯理论倾向,强调结构具有的异质性和开放性,极力消除整体性原则而强调差异和特殊,解构主义具有明显的反理性主义倾向。

代表人物罗兰·巴尔特和雅克·德里达,后者被称为当代“对普遍性和确定性颠覆最激进”的一个思想家。

8.新古典综合派又称“后凯恩斯主流经济学”,实质上是把凯恩斯的宏观经济理论和马歇尔的微观经济理论糅合成一体的产物。

核心思想是:用凯恩斯主张的政府财政与货币政策,保持社会总需求和总供给的平衡,实现充分就业,实施中的具体措施依据马歇尔的价格理论和分配理论代表人物美国学者萨缪尔逊,著作《经济学》,他最突出的贡献是“靠数学方法的帮助提高了经济理论分析技巧的正规化程度”。

9.新剑桥学派又称“凯恩斯左派”,带有激进的改良主义色彩,显著特点有:抛弃均衡概念、树立历史的动态概念;主张运用社会制度和阶级分析的方法研究经济问题,新剑桥学派因具有激进改良主义色彩,被人们称为“凯恩斯左派”代表人物剑桥大学著名女教授琼·罗宾逊。