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深圳市 2018 年高三年级第二次调研考试理科综合部分1.细胞膜上散布有载体蛋白和受体蛋白等功能蛋白，载体蛋白和受体蛋白的共同特色有A.与有关物质的联合拥有特异性B.相联合的物质均为小分子有机物C.均能辨别细胞外来的信息分子D.其产生过程均由核糖体独立达成2.以下有关分子与细胞的表达，正确的选项是A.利用重铬酸钾检测酒精时需要碱性环境B.用含有双缩脲的物质可检测蛋白质的显色状况C.用洋葱根尖分生区细胞难以察看到质壁分别现象D.低温条件下保存过程的蛋白酶催化能力会丧失3.图示最适浓度和 pH 值条件下，反响物浓度对某种酶所催化的化学反响速率的影响，有关剖析正确的选项是A.A点时，适合提升温度能够提升反响速率B.B 点时，酶的数目限制了反响速率的提升C.B 点时，影响反响速率的条件主假如pH 值D.C 点时，酶活性和化学反响速率升至最大值4.科研人员将禁食一段时间的实验小鼠随机分为甲、乙、丙、丁4组，向甲、乙、丙3组腹腔注射等量胰岛素溶液，丁组腹腔注射生理盐水，一段时间后，甲、乙、丙三组出现反响愚钝、嗜睡等症状，而丁组未出现这些症状，有关说法错误的选项是A.经过该实验能研究胰岛素的生理作用B.直接给乙注射葡萄糖有益于缓解症状C.给丙注射胰高血糖素有益于缓解症状D.给丁注射胰岛素后能大幅度增添尿量5.将休眠状态的糖枫种子与湿沙混淆后放在 0~5℃的低温下 1~2 个月，就能够使种子提早萌生。
图示糖枫种子在办理过程中各样激素含量的变化。
由此可推断A.零落酸和细胞分裂素对种子的萌生都起促使作用B.零落酸和赤霉素含量相等时细胞分裂素含量较高C.图中 3 种激素在不一样的时间段都可能发挥必定作用D.先使用细胞分裂素和零落酸有益于种子提早萌生6.已知豌豆种子的黄色(Y) 对绿色 (y)、高杆 (D) 对矮杆 (d) 是显性，这两对性状独立遗传。
用双亲为黄色高杆和绿色矮杆的豌豆植物杂交，得F1，选用 F1的数目相等的两栽种株进行测交，产生的后辈数目相同，测交后代表现型及比率为：黄色高杆：绿色高杆：黄色矮杆：绿色矮杆=1:3:1:3 。
深圳市2018年高三年级第二次调研考试英语本试卷共10页,卷面满分120分，折算成135分计入总分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ALife experiences can show one’s “grit”(坚韧). Complex challenges early in life helpedthe following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions.Ursula Burns, Chairwoman, VEON; Former CEO, XeroxHer family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care.But Burns’ early gift for maths won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox, where she would compete her way to the top. “ I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side,” she says, “Not a lot scares me.”Howard Schultz, Executive Chairman, StarbucksSchultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn, surrounded by poverty, and was the first in his family to go to college (on a football scholarship).After training in sales, he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks. “In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money, I spoke to 242 people, and 217 of them said no.” he said.Sean Combs, CEO, Sean JohnCombs began a generation of hip-hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion.But he story could have turned out much differently: His drug dealer father was killed when he was3. “It made me work even harder.” he recently said.Geisha Williams, CEO, PG&EHer parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5. By 7, she was her parents main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned.The experience did help her. “I went from thinking I could be a manager to thi nking I could do something much bigger.” she told Fortune.21.Who did best in math at school?bsB. BurnsC. SchultzD. Williams22.How did the death of Combs’ father influence him?A.It made him a failure.B.He became a drug dealer.C.It made him even stronger.D.He became a hip-hopper.23. What can we learn from the passage?A.Cuba is a good place to do business.B.No one wanted to help Schultz at first.C.Poor family kids can be successful easily.D.Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward.BLooking at a pile of old photos, I couldn't help feeling rather regretful.I've never got into the habit of sorting out photos. However, it's almost a habit of mine to have photos taken thoughtlessly. Thus, photos have been piling up in my childhood to womanhood. In spite of that, those black-and-white pictures taken in my early years are rarely kept, except a few survivals regarded as antiques.The bald(秃头的) baby picture of me that I treasured, the only one left, it's now missing.Familiar faces flash one by one before my eyes. Though the world is so small and we all live in it, yet we are separated by physical and psychological distances, some smaller, some larger.With the passage of time, one cannot, regretfully relive(重温) it with the same feeling as one had in the picture.What one can get from the old photos is but a bit of the past joy.One takes pictures with different persons in different time and places.They fill one with nostalgia(怀旧) in various degrees--some more, some less, and others none.That's why one has conflicting feelings towards the old photos. Still kept with the current ones, they're even less favored than a daily-used cup, which is always close to the owner.How these pieces of thought influence me. Photos keep our images rather than our sentiment, which may not remain.The image is always there but not its owner, whom the photo can't keep ,neither can it keep the event.Of course, there are some of the photos still holding my affection, such as those taken with my family members, with favorite playmates, fellow girl-students and best friends, not only inpictures but also in my life and heart.Now, since I have learned all this, I will not allow myself to be included casually in a photo taken with others. I'll make sure that the friendship can last before I take a photo with somebody.24.Why did the writer have only a few black-and-white pictures?A. She took fewer of them.B. She took photos thoughtlessly.C. She didn't take good care of them.D. She only liked the bald baby picture.25.What can we get from the old photos according to the writer?A. All the past events.B. Some past happiness.C. All the past excitement.D. The everlasting memory.26. What does the underlined word “sentiment” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. LookB. ThoughtC. FeelingD. Influence27. What is the writer likely to do when asked to take photos others?A. To take the photo happily.B. To refuse the request politely.C. To ignore the request casually.D. To think carefully before action.CAs an Asian country, Singapore has a reputation for being highly westernized, with English among the country’s four official languages, but a couple of signs found on local buses that have recently become a hit online may say otherwise.Quite different from English we know, the sign read, for example, “Here cannot go in” instead of “No entry”, and Here can charge phone instead of Charge phone here. This language that resembles English is called Singaporean English or Singlish.The New York Times calls Si nglish “patchwork” because Singapore consists of migrants(移民) from several countries including China, India and Malaysia, and they all speak their own versions of “English”.“Everyone who speaks it shapes it,” wrote the newspaper.For example, in Singlish, you caneasily recognize influences from Chinese, including vocabulary such as” Mee Siam” and “da bao”. Sentence structures like ” toilet where” instead of “where’s the toilet” also come from Chinese.Interesting and diverse as it may seem, the trend for S inglish is worrying Singapore’s government. It is concerned that the dialect is lowering the country’s English standard and may affect its relationship with visitors.It even started the Speak Good English Movement.Unfortunately, the problem was not solved. Instead, Singlish has boomed, especially among young people who think of it as a sign of being cool and a way of identifying themselves as Singaporean.But this does not mean that standard English is being abandoned by young people. In fact, they are much more capable than the government gives credit--they can speak both.“We are a nation good at code switching-- we know that the way we speak to friends or drivers must be different from how act at work or school,” wrote Cheryl, a Singaporean author, in Ti me magazine, “To actively urge us to give up a language that speaks to the very heart of who we are, that's so beautifully represents the melting pot of Chinese, Indians, Malaysians and Eurasians that we are, is shortsighted, surely.”28. Why does Singapore have many different versions of English?A It is made up of migrants.B. It is highly westernized.C. It is influenced by Chinese.D. It is affected by official languages.29. What is the purpose of starting the Speak Good English Movement?A.To stop the new trend.B. To better the relationship.C. To keep the English standard.D. To give the government credit.30. What do the young people think of Singlish?A. It’s interesting.B. It’s their identity.C. It’s a sign of status.D. It’s a way of code-switching.31. What can we learn from what Cheryl said?A. Different people speak different styles of Singlish.B. Singlish is a more beautiful language than others.C. People speaks Singlish only to friends and drivers.D. People can use Singlish to express themselves well.DLong before iphones, the cigarette was the companion of choice for restlessness. And long before Facebook and WeChat, it was tobacco that promised to better your social life. Now, quitting smartphones has become the new quitting smoking.Of course, technology does not yellow your teeth, cause disease or lead to cancer. But some individuals are so concerned that device addiction is damaging their mental health. In order to reduce their dependence, even in Silicon Valley, people are turning off the messages that constantly buzz for their attention, banning smartphones from the bedroom and, curiously, changing the colors on their screens to a less tempting scale of gray.The big tech companies will have to work out how to respond to this new generation of quitters. Facebook is the first to go public with its attempt, hoping its recent move can make the social network more homely.Last year the tech industry got a bad name- Big Tech-with unfortunate echoes of other industries that have faced fierce opposition, including Big Tobacco. Like them, the tech industry has to reduce concern from a new generation of activist shareholders(股东) that are questioning its role in the world. These campaigns are never as fierce as those faced by Big Tobacco. In the 1990s, socially responsible investors refused to put money in tobacco stocks.It is far difficult for investors to challenge Big Tech and hard to separate the good these companies do in the world--connecting old friends and giving space for people to share their ideas--from the bad.In the meantime, stopping using technology remains problematic. In The World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech, Franklin Foer argues that tech should be seen in a similar way to junk food: a convenience that some reject for more continuing nutrition.So we need to do more to turn the tide. In the same way that public service announcements made smoking around your children taboo(禁忌),we can warn parents against losing themselves in their smartphones while taking care of kids.We can also create no-smartphone zones at dinner. Eventually smartphones could be banned from all public places and help us give our attention tothe people around us instead.32. How did people keep close relationships with others in the past?A. By smoking.B. By drinking.C. By phoningD. By dining out.33. Why is the tech industry called Big Tech?A. It plays a bad role in the world.B. It is as big as Big Tobacco.C. It has an unfortunate name.D. It is a giant in Silicon Valley.34. What can we infer from Franklin Foer’s argument about the tech?A. It promotes social development.B. It is still favored by some people.C. It is worse than Big Tobacco.D. It offers continuing nutrition.35. Which can be the best title for the passage?A. Creating a No Smartphone LifeB. Smartphones Enrich Our Social LifeC. Smoking Does Greater Harm Than Smartphones DoD. Quitting Smartphones Is the New Quitting Smoking第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
2018届深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试英语试题(word版有答案)深圳市2018届高三年级第二次调研考试英语试卷，共10页，卷面满分120分，折算成135分计入总分，考试用时120分钟。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ALife experiences can show one's "grit" (坚韧)。
Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their ns.Ursula Burns。
Chairwoman of VEON and former CEO of Xerox。
came from a poor family。
Her single XXX。
Burns' XXX。
where she would compete her way to the top。
She says。
"I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side。
Not a lot scares me."Howard Schultz。
Executive Chairman of Starbucks。
XXX。
XXX。
He was the first in his family to go to college。
thanks to a XXX training in sales。
he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks。
He said。
"In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money。
深圳市2018年高三年级第二次调研考试语文2018.4注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
新媒介是一把双刃剑，在方便人们的日常生活、拓展人的行为能力以及提供各种超感官体验时，其产生的负面效应也不容忽视。
每天各种无用信息占据人们的大量时间，使人们非理性冲动增多，人际关系变得越来越淡薄，也更容易产生紧张和焦虑情绪。
要解决这一问题，就必须从媒体与受众两方面入手，积极寻求对策。
从媒体角度看，媒体可以利用信息智能匹配技术降低受众的信息接收成本。
这项技术以数据分析为依托，使信息更加智能化、个性化，从而与受众的需求相匹配。
比如，一些媒体机构根据用户个人需求方面的关键词、以往浏览的相关数据以及学历、职业、爱好等特征信息，进行汇集、整理、跟踪和分析，并根据用户充值、消费、反馈等数据信息，了解和掌握不同用户的个性化潜在需求，进行精准的信息推送。
虽然公司主要以推广自己服务项目为目的，但这种技术更注重用户的体验和选择，会大大减少许多有意无意强加于受众的信息，从而降低了受众进行信息处理的时间成本，使其在轻松愉悦的状态中接收自己需要的各种信息。
这样的智能匹配模式会越来越精细化、个性化和特色化。
比如，有的技术可以根据手机定位，确定用户是在办公场所、家里还是旅途中来推送合适的视听内容；还可以根据用户手机的睡眠模式、工作模式等确定推送时间，以及根据某一信息关注度的高低确定是否推送。
从信息受众角度看，受众需要提高理性使用新媒介的能力。
受众首先要提升自己的媒介素养，即对媒介本身带来的危害及个人在媒介使用过程中存在的问题保持清醒认识的能力。
深圳市2018 年高三年级第二次调研考试理科综合生物部分1.细胞膜上分布有载体蛋白和受体蛋白等功能蛋白，载体蛋白和受体蛋白的共同特点有A.与相关物质的结合具有特异性B.相结合的物质均为小分子有机物C.均能识别细胞外来的信息分子D.其产生过程均由核糖体独立完成2.下列有关分子与细胞的叙述，正确的是A.利用重铬酸钾检测酒精时需要碱性环境B.用含有双缩脲的物质可检测蛋白质的显色情况C.用洋葱根尖分生区细胞难以观察到质壁分离现象D.低温条件下保存过程的蛋白酶催化能力会丧失3.图示最适浓度和p H 值条件下，反应物浓度对某种酶所催化的化学反应速率的影响，有关分析正确的是A.A 点时，适当提高温度可以提高反应速率B.B 点时，酶的数量限制了反应速率的提高C.B 点时，影响反应速率的条件主要是p H 值D.C 点时，酶活性和化学反应速率升至最大值4.科研人员将禁食一段时间的实验小鼠随机分为甲、乙、丙、丁4组，向甲、乙、丙3组腹腔注射等量胰岛素溶液，丁组腹腔注射生理盐水，一段时间后，甲、乙、丙三组出现反应迟钝、嗜睡等症状，而丁组未出现这些症状，有关说法错误的是A.通过该实验能探究胰岛素的生理作用B.直接给乙注射葡萄糖有利于缓解症状C.给丙注射胰高血糖素有利于缓解症状D.给丁注射胰岛素后能大幅度增加尿量5.将休眠状态的糖枫种子与湿沙混合后放在0~5℃的低温下1~2 个月，就可以使种子提前萌发。
图示糖枫种子在处理过程中各种激素含量的变化。
由此可推测A.脱落酸和细胞分裂素对种子的萌发都起促进作用B.脱落酸和赤霉素含量相等时细胞分裂素含量较高C.图中3种激素在不同的时间段都可能发挥一定作用D.先使用细胞分裂素和脱落酸有利于种子提早萌发6.已知豌豆种子的黄色(Y)对绿色(y)、高杆(D)对矮杆(d)是显性，这两对性状独立遗传。
用双亲为黄色高杆和绿色矮杆的豌豆植物杂交，得F1，选取F1 的数量相等的两种植株进行测交，产生的后代数量相同，测交后代表现型及比例为：黄色高杆：绿色高杆：黄色矮杆：绿色矮杆=1:3:1:3。
绝密★启用前试卷类型：A广东省深圳市2018年高三年级第二次调研考试英语本试卷共10 页，卷面满分120 分，折算成135 分计入总分。
考试用时120 分钟。
注意事项：1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ALife experiences can show one’s “grit”（坚韧）. Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions.Ursula Burns, Chairwoman, VEON; Former CEO, XeroxHer family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care. But Burns’ early gift for math won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox, where she would compete her way to the top. “I’m a black lady from the Lower East Side,” she says. “Not a lot scares me.”Howard Schultz, Executive Chairman, StarbucksSchultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn, surrounded by poverty, and was the first in his family to go to college (on a football scholarship). After training in sales, he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks. “In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money, I spoke to 242 people, and 217 of them said no.” he said. Sean Combs, CEO, Sean JohnCombs began a generation of hip-hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion. But his story could have turned out much differently: his drug dealer father was killed when he was 3. “It made me work even harder.” he recently said.Geisha Williams, CEO, PG＆EHer parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5. By 7, she was her parents’ main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocer y stores they owned in New Jersey. The experience did help her. “I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger.” she told Fortune.21.Who did best in math at school?bs.B.Burns.C.Schultz.D.Williams.22.How did the death of Combs’ father influence him?A.It made him a failure.B.He became a drug dealer.C.It made him even stronger.D.He became a hip-hopper.23.What can we learn from the passage?A.Cuba is a good place to do business.B.No one wanted to help Schultz at first.C.Poor family kids can be successful easily.D.Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward.BLooking at a pile of old photos, I couldn’t help feeling rather regretful.I’ve never got into the habit of sorting out photos. However, it’s almost a habit of mine to have photos taken thoughtlessly. Thus, photos have been piling up in my childhood to womanhood. In spite of that, those black-and-white pictures taken in my early years are rarely kept, except a few survivals regarded as antiques. A bald（秃头的）baby picture of me that I treasured, the only one left, is now missing.Familiar faces flash one by one before my eyes. Though the world is so small and we all live in it, yet we are separated by physical and psychological distances, some smaller, some larger. With the passage of time, one cannot, regretfully, relive（重温）it with the same feeling as one had in the picture. What one can get from the old photos is but a bit of the past joy.One takes pictures with different persons in different time and places. They fill one with nostalgia（怀旧）in various degrees —some more, some less, and others none. That’s why one has conflicting feelings towards the old photos. Still kept with the current ones, they are even less favored than a daily-used cup, which is always close to the owner.How these pieces of thought influence me! Photos keep our images rather than our sentiment, which may not remain. The image is always there, but not its owner, whom the photo cannot keep, neither can it keep the event.Of course, there are some of the photos still holding my affection, such as those taken with my family members, with favorite playmates, fellow girl-students and best friends, not only in pictures but also in my life and heart.Now, since I have learned all this, I will not allow myself to be included casually in a photo taken with others. I’ll make sure that the friendship can last before I take a photo with somebody.24.Why did the writer have only a few black-and-white pictures?A.She took fewer of them.B.She took photos thoughtlessly.C.She didn’t take good care of them.D.She only liked the bald baby picture.25.What can we get from the old photos according to the writer?A.All the past events.B.Some past happiness.C.All the past excitement.D.The everlasting memory.26.What does the underlined word “sentiment” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Look.B.Thought.C.Feeling.D.Influence.27.What is the writer likely to do when asked to take a photo with others?A.To take the photo happily.B.To refuse the request politely.C.To ignore the request casually.D.To think carefully before action.CAs an Asian country, Singapore has a reputation for being highly westernized, with English among the country’s four official languages, but a couple of signs found on local buses that have recently become a hit online may say otherwise.Quite different from the English we know, the signs read, for example, “Here cannot go in” instead of “No Entry”, and “Here can charge phone” instead of “Charge phone here”.This language that resembles English is called Singaporean English, or “Singlish”.The New York Times calls Singlish “patchwork” because Singapore consists of migrants（移民）from several co untries including China, India and Malaysia, and they all speak their own versions of “English”.“Everyone who speaks it shapes it,” wrote the newspaper.For example, in Singlish you can easily recognize influences from Chinese, including vocabulary such as “Mee Siam” and “da bao”. Sentence structures like “toilet where” instead of “where’s the toilet” also come from Chinese.Interesting and diverse as it may seem, the trend for Singlish is worrying Singapore’s government. It is concerned that the dialec t is lowering the country’s English standard and may affect its relationship with visitors. It even started the Speak Good English Movement.Unfortunately, the problem was not solved. Instead, Singlish has boomed, especially among young people who think of it as a sign of being cool and a way of identifying themselves as Singaporean.But this doesn’t mean that Standard English is being abandoned by young people. In fact, they are much more capable than the government gives credit — they can speak both.“We are a nation good at code-switching — we know that the way we speak to friends or drivers must be different from how we act at work or school,” wrote Cheryl, a Singaporean author, in Time magazine. “To actively urge us to give up a language that speaks to the very heart of who we are, that so beautifully represents the melting pot of Chinese, Indians, Malaysians and Eurasians that we are, is shortsighted, surely.”28.Why does Singapore have many different versions of English?A.It is made up of migrants.B.It is highly westernized.C.It is influenced by Chinese.D.It is affected by official languages.29.What is the purpose of starting the Speak Good English Movement?A.To stop the new trend.B.To better the relationship.C.To keep the English standard.D.To give the government credit.30.What do the young people think of Singlish?A.It’s interesting.B.It’s their identity.C.It’s a sign of status.D.It’s a way of code-switching.31.What can we learn from what Cheryl said?A.Different people speak different styles of Singlish.B.Singlish is a more beautiful language than others.C.People speak Singlish only to friends and drivers.D.People can use Singlish to express themselves well.DLong before iPhones, the cigarette was the companion of choice for restlessness. And long before Facebook and WeChat, it was tobacco that promised to better your social life. Now, quitting smartphones has become the new quitting smoking.Of course, technology does not yellow your teeth, cause disease or lead to cancer. But some individuals are so concerned that device addiction is damaging their mental health. In order to reduce their dependence, even in Silicon Valley, people are turning off the messages that constantly buzz for their attention, banning smartphones from the bedroom and, curiously, changing the colours on their screens to a less tempting scale of grey.The big tech companies will have to work out how to respond to this new generation of quitters. Facebook is the first to go public with its attempt, hoping its recent move to make the social network feel more homely.Last year the tech industry got a bad name — Big Tech — with unfortunate echoes of other industries that have faced fierce opposition, including Big Tobacco. Like them, the tech industry has to reduce concern from a new generation of activist shareholders（股东）that are questioning its role in the world. These campaigns are never as fierce as those faced by Big Tobacco. In the 1990s, socially responsible investors refused to put money intobacco stocks.It is far difficult for investors to challenge Big Tech and hard to separate the good these companies do in the world — connecting old friends and giving space for people to share their ideas — from the bad. In the meantime, stopping using technology remains problematic. In The World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech, Franklin Foer argues that tech should be seen in a similar way to junk food: a convenience that some reject for more continuing nutrition.So we need to do more to turn the tide. In the same way that public service announcements made smoking around your children taboo（禁忌）, we can warn parents against losing themselves in their smartphones while taking care of kids. We can also create no-smartphone zones at dinner. Eventually, smartphones could be banned from all public places and help us give our attention to the people around us instead.32.How did people keep close relationships with others in the past?A.By smoking.B.By drinking.C.By phoning.D.By dining out.33.Why is the tech industry called Big Tech?A.It plays a bad role in the world.B.It is as big as Big Tobacco.C.It has an unfortunate name.D.It is a giant in Silicon Valley.34.What can we inf er from Franklin Foer’s argument about tech?A.It promotes social development.B.It is still favored by some people.C.It is worse than Big Tobacco.D.It offers continuing nutrition.35.Which can be the best title for the passage?A.Creating a No Smartphone LifeB.Smartphones Enrich Our Social LifeC.Smoking Does Greater Harm Than Smartphones DoD.Quitting Smartphones Is the New Quitting Smoking第二节（共5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
深圳市2018年高三年级第二次调研考试英语本试卷共10页,卷面满分120分，折算成135分计入总分，考试用时120分钟。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ALife experiences can show one’s “grit”(坚韧). Complex challenges early in life helped the following people develop skills that got them to the top of their professions.Ursula Burns, Chairwoman, VEON; Former CEO, XeroxHer family was so poor that her single mother traded office cleaning for health care.But Burns’ early gift for maths won her a scholarship and an internship at Xerox, where she would compete her way to the top. “ I'm a black lady from the Lower East Side,” she says, “Not a lot scares me.”Howard Schultz, Executive Chairman, StarbucksSchultz grew up in public housing in Brooklyn, surrounded by poverty, and was the first in his family to go to college (on a football scholarship).After training in sales, he set up the company that would later buy Starbucks. “In the course of the year I spent trying to raise money, I spoke to 242 people, and 217 of them said no.” he said.Sean Combs, CEO, Sean JohnCombs began a generation of hip-hop talent and made a lasting influence on fashion.But he story could have turned out much differently: His drug dealer father was killed when hewas3. “It made me work even harder.” he recently said.Geisha Williams, CEO, PG&EHer parents fled Cuba when Williams was 5. By 7, she was her parents main translator in talks with lawyers and accountants at grocery stores they owned.The experience did help her. “I went from thinking I could be a manager to thinking I could do something much bigger.” she told Fortune.21.Who did best in math at school?A. CombsB. BurnsC. SchultzD. Williams22.How did the death of Combs’ father influence him?A.It made him a failure.B.He became a drug dealer.C.It made him even stronger.D.He became a hip-hopper.23.What can we learn from the passage?A.Cuba is a good place to do business.B.No one wanted to help Schultz at first.C.Poor family kids can be successful easily.D.Difficulty in life pushed Williams forward.BLooking at a pile of old photos, I couldn't help feeling rather regretful.I've never got into the habit of sorting out photos. However, it's almost a habit of mine to have photos taken thoughtlessly. Thus, photos have been piling up in my childhood to womanhood. In spite of that, those black-and-white pictures taken in my early years are rarely kept, except a few survivals regarded as antiques.The bald(秃头的) baby picture of me that I treasured, the only one left, it's now missing.Familiar faces flash one by one before my eyes. Though the world is so small and we all live in it, yet we are separated by physical and psychological distances, some smaller, some larger.With the passage of time, one cannot, regretfully relive(重温) it with the same feeling as one had in the picture.What one can get from the old photos is but a bit of the past joy.One takes pictures with different persons in different time and places.They fill one with nostalgia(怀旧) in various degrees--some more, some less, and others none.That's why one has conflicting feelings towards the old photos. Still kept with the current ones, they're even less favored than a daily-used cup, which is always close to the owner.How these pieces of thought influence me. Photos keep our images rather than our sentiment, which may not remain.The image is always there but not its owner, whom the photo can't keep ,neither can it keep the event.Of course, there are some of the photos still holding my affection, such as those taken with my family members, with favorite playmates, fellow girl-students and best friends, not only in pictures but also in my life and heart.Now, since I have learned all this, I will not allow myself to be included casually in a photo taken with others. I'll make sure that the friendship can last before I take a photo with somebody.24.Why did the writer have only a few black-and-white pictures?A She took fewer of them.B She took photos thoughtlessly.C She didn't take good care of them.D She only liked the bald baby picture.25.What can we get from the old photos according to the writer?A All the past events.B Some past happiness.C All the past excitement.D The everlasting memory.26.What does the underlined word “sentiment” in paragr aph 5 probably mean?A LookB ThoughtC FeelingD Influence27.What is the writer likely to do when asked to take photos others?A To take the photo happily.B To refuse the request politely.C To ignore the request casually.D To think carefully before action.CAs an Asian country, Singapore has a reputation for being highly westernized, with English among the country’s four official languages, but a couple of signs found on local buses that have recently become a hit online may say otherwise.Quite different from English we know, the sign read, for example, “Here cannot go in” instead of “No entry”, and Here can charge phone instead of Charge phone here. This language that resembles English is called Singaporean English or Singlish.The New York Times calls Singlish “patchwork” because Singapore consists of migrants(移民) from several countries including China, India and Malaysia, and they all speak their own versions of “English”.“Everyone who speaks it shapes it,” wrote the new spaper.For example, in Singlish, you can easily recognize influences from Chinese, including vocabulary such as” Mee Siam” and “da bao”. Sentence structures like ” toilet where” instead of “where’s the toilet” also come from Chinese.Interesting and diverse as it may see m, the trend for Singlish is worrying Singapore’s government. It is concerned that the dialect is lowering the country’s English standard and may affect its relationship with visitors.It even started the Speak Good English Movement.Unfortunately, the problem was not solved. Instead, Singlish has boomed, especially among young people who think of it as a sign of being cool and a way of identifying themselves as Singaporean.But this does not mean that standard English is being abandoned by young people. In fact, they are much more capable than the government gives credit--they can speak both.“We are a nation good at code switching-- we know that the way we speak to friends or drivers must be different from how act at work or school,” wrote C heryl, a Singaporean author, in Time magazine, “To actively urge us to give up a language that speaks to the very heart of who we are, that's so beautifully represents the melting pot of Chinese, Indians, Malaysians and Eurasians that we are, is shortsight ed, surely.”28 Why does Singapore have many different versions of English?A It is made up of migrants.B It is highly westernized.C It is influenced by Chinese.D It is affected by official languages.29 What is the purpose of starting the Speak Good English Movement?A To stop the new trend.B To better the relationship.C To keep the English standard.D To give the government credit.30 What do the young people think of Singlish?A It’s interesting.B It’s their identity.C It’s a sign of status.D It’s a way of code-switching.31 What can we learn from what Cheryl said?A Different people speak different styles of Singlish.B Singlish is a more beautiful language than others.C People speaks Singlish only to friends and drivers.D People can use Singlish to express themselves well.DLong before iphones, the cigarette was the companion of choice for restlessness. And long before Facebook and WeChat, it was tobacco that promised to better your social life. Now, quitting smartphones has become the new quitting smoking.Of course, technology does not yellow your teeth, cause disease or lead to cancer. But some individuals are so concerned that device addiction is damaging their mental health. In order to reduce their dependence, even in Silicon Valley, people are turning off the messages that constantly buzz for their attention, banning smartphones from the bedroom and, curiously, changing the colors on their screens to a less tempting scale of gray.The big tech companies will have to work out how to respond to this new generation of quitters. Facebook is the first to go public with its attempt, hoping its recent move can make the social network more homely.Last year the tech industry got a bad name- Big Tech-with unfortunate echoes of other industries that have faced fierce opposition, including Big Tobacco. Like them, the tech industry has to reduce concern from a new generation of activist shareholders(股东) that are questioning its role in the world. These campaigns are never as fierce as those faced by Big Tobacco. In the 1990s, socially responsible investors refused to put money in tobacco stocks.It is far difficult for investors to challenge Big Tech and hard to separate the good these companies do in the world--connecting old friends and giving space for people to share their ideas--from the bad.In the meantime, stopping using technology remains problematic. In The World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech,Franklin Foer argues that tech should be seen in a similar way to junk food: a convenience that some reject for more continuing nutrition.So we need to do more to turn the tide. In the same way that public service announcements made smoking around your children taboo(禁忌),we can warn parents against losing themselves in their smartphones while taking care of kids.We can also create no-smartphone zones at dinner. Eventually smartphones could be banned from all public places and help us give our attention to the people around us instead.32 How did people keep close relationships with others in the past?A By smoking.B By drinking.C By phoningD By dining out.33 Why is the tech industry called Big Tech?A It plays a bad role in the world.B It is as big as Big Tobacco.C It has an unfortunate name.D It is a giant in Silicon Valley.34 What can we infer from Franklin Foer’s argument about the tech?A It promotes social development.B It is still favored by some people.C It is worse than Big Tobacco.D It offers continuing nutrition.35 Which can be the best title for the passage?A Creating a No Smartphone LifeB Smartphones Enrich Our Social LifeC Smoking Does Greater Harm Than Smartphones DoD Quitting Smartphones Is the New Quitting Smoking第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
2018 年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试政治试题一、选择题1. 大数据、人工智能等先进技术手段的运用使零售业在线上、线下的全渠道融合进一步加强，实体门店逐步成为商品的售货、自提和配送中心，顾客的社交和体验中心。
这种新零售模式能够（）①发挥需求引领作用，精准定位赢得市场②降低企业生产成本，减少商品流通环节③促进商业模式创新，增强发展的新动力④影响居民消费方式，优化社会消费结构A. ①②B. ③④C. ①③D. ②④【答案】C【解析】此题考查企业经营的相关知识。
大数据、人工智能等先进技术手段的运用可以及时了解市场需求状况，发挥需求引领作用，从而更精准定位赢得市场。
①符合题意；零售业在线上、线下的全渠道融合进一步加强，这种商业模式创新增强了零售业的发展动力，③符合题意；材料强调的是销售环节的模式创新，不会带来生产成本下降，②说法错误；零售业商业模式的创新会使居民消费方式发生变化，但这并不意味着消费结构的优化，④说法错误。
故本题选C。
2. 2018 年《国务院政府工作报告》指出，提高个人所得税起征点，增加子女教育、大病医疗等专项费用扣除，合理减负，鼓励人民群众通过劳动增加收入，迈向富裕。
当前我国适当提高个人所得税起征点（）①体现出我国税收“取之于民，用之于民”的性质②是国家财税体制改革，优化税种结构的重要举措③是国家运用财政政策，调节个人收入分配的体现④有利于实现社会公平，增强广大人民群众幸福感A. ①②B. ①③C. ②④D. ③④【答案】D【解析】此题考查个人所得税的相关知识。
我国适当提高个人所得税起征点，增加子女教育、大病医疗等专项费用扣除，合理减负，鼓励人民群众通过劳动增加收入，迈向富裕。
这是国家运用财政政策，调节个人收入分配的具体体现，有利于实现社会公平，增强广大人民群众幸福感。
③④符合题意；材料未体现税收“用之于民”，①排除；材料只是对个税起征点的调整，不是对税种的调整，②与材料无关。
故本题选D。
深圳市2018届高三第二次调研考试文科综合第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本题共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
江苏无锡是中国光伏产业最为集中的地区。
自2001年首家中澳合资光伏企业成立至2011年，无锡光伏产业发展实行两头在外的发展模式（关键零部件、生产设备和销售市场主要依赖国外）参与国际市场竞争。
2 016年，无锡市太阳能电池产能占全国总规模的50%以上，已形成包括光伏材料、电池原件、光伏组件、逆变器、运维服务、数据管理等各生产环节的全产业链竞争优势。
光伏制造设备的本地化率已经超过50%;企业在为客户提供电子化学品原料的同时，还针对单晶硅和多晶硅生产中的化学品污染问题，主动研发废化学品的回收再利用技术；开发了可以通过互联网实现对遥远地区的风能、光伏等发电装置的远程监控、运行管理和维护技术。
据此完成1～3题。
1．与发达国家相比，2001-2011年间无锡光伏产业参与国际市场竞争的主要有利条件是A.生产成本较低B.原料资源丰富C.交通位置优越D.市场需求量大2．无锡光伏产业在短短10多年间，从两头在外发展模式到形成全球性竞争优势，主要得益于A.生产规模不断扩大B.智能化的运行管理和维护服务C.披术研发和创新D.废化学品的回收再利用3. 2016年，江苏省光伏累计装机容量列全国第五，仅次于4个太阳能资源一类地区一一新疆、甘肃、青海和内蒙古。
在东部沿海各省区中，江苏省光伏累计装机容量居首位的比较优势是 A.太阳能资源丰富 B.国家新能源政策的扶持C.清洁能源市场需求量大D.光伏全产业链的强力支撑玛纳斯河山麓冲积扇是天山北麓规模最大的冲积扇，由南向北发育有多期冲积扇，不同时期形成的冲积扇之间有明显的阶梯状陡坎。
玛纳斯河山前冲积扇地区第四纪活动断层发育。
图1示意玛纳斯河山麓冲积扇的发展演变。
据此完成4~6题。
4．下列关于玛纳斯河山麓冲积扇特点的描述，错误的是A.地势由南向北倾斜 B．组成物质从南到北总体由粗变细C．耕地分布南多北少 D.扇体边缘有大量地下水溢出5．从各期冲积扇的位置和形态变化推测，诱发该冲积扇发生Fl至F4四期演变的地质作用，最可能是A.风力搬运、沉积作用 B．变质作用C．冰川搬运、沉积作用 D.地壳运动6．玛纳斯县境内的F2冲积扇耕地上的灌溉干渠水流方向大多由A.东北流向西南B.西南流向东北C.东南流向西北D.西北流向东南在全球范围内，云层分布面积、纬度或高度的变化将影响全球的温度。
深圳市2018年高三年级第二次调研考试理科综合能力测试（物理部分）二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
1. 下列论述中正确的是A. 开普勒根据万有引力定律得出行星运动规律B. 爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，全面否定了牛顿的经典力学规律C. 普朗克把能量子引入物理学，正确地破除了“能量连续变化”的传统观念D. 玻尔提出的原子结构假说，成功地解释了各种原子光谱的不连续性【答案】C【解析】开普勒用三句话概括了第谷数千个观察数据，展示了行星运动规律，A错误；爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，不是否定了牛顿的经典力学，而是在高速微观范围内不再适用，B错误；普朗克把能量子引入物理学，正确地破除了“能量连续变化”的传统观念，C正确；玻尔提出的原子结构假说，但不能解释氦原子核光谱的不连续性，D错误．2. 如图，放置在光滑的水平地面上足够长斜面体，下端固定有挡板，用外力将轻质弹簧压缩在小木块和挡板之间，弹簧的弹性势能为100J。
撤去外力，木块开始运动，离开弹簧后，沿斜面向上滑到某一位置后，不再滑下，则A. 木块重力势能的增加量为100JB. 木块运动过程中，斜面体的支持力对木块做功不为零C. 木块、斜面体和弹簧构成的系统，机械能守恒D. 最终，木块和斜面体以共同速度向右匀速滑行【答案】B学%科%网...学%科%网...学%科%网...学%科%网...3. 遐想在地球赤道上有一颗苹果树，其高度超过了地球同步卫星轨道的高度。
树上若有质量相等的三个苹果A、B、C，其高度分别低于、等于、高于地球同步卫星轨道高度。
则下列说法正确的是A. 苹果A的线速度最大B. 苹果B所需向心力小于苹果A所需向心力C. 苹果C离开苹果树时加速度减小D. 苹果C脱离苹果树后，可能会落向地面【答案】C【解析】三者的角速度相同，根据可知苹果C的线速度最大，A错误；根据可知半径越大，向心力越大，故苹果B所需向心力大于苹果A所需向心力，B错误；由于C苹果的角速度和同步卫星的角速度相同，而根据可知轨道半径越大，角速度越小，所以C所在轨道的的角速度大于该轨道所需的角速度，故做离心运动，所以苹果脱离苹果树后，根据可知轨道半径变化，加速度减小，飞向茫茫宇宙，C正确D错误．4. 如图所示，在竖直平面内，一光滑杆固定在地面上，杆与地面间夹角为θ，一光滑轻环套在杆上。
深圳市2018届高三第二次调研考试文科综合第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本题共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
江苏无锡是中国光伏产业最为集中的地区。
自2001年首家中澳合资光伏企业成立至2011年，无锡光伏产业发展实行两头在外的发展模式（关键零部件、生产设备和销售市场主要依赖国外）参与国际市场竞争。
2 016年，无锡市太阳能电池产能占全国总规模的50%以上，已形成包括光伏材料、电池原件、光伏组件、逆变器、运维服务、数据管理等各生产环节的全产业链竞争优势。
光伏制造设备的本地化率已经超过50%;企业在为客户提供电子化学品原料的同时，还针对单晶硅和多晶硅生产中的化学品污染问题，主动研发废化学品的回收再利用技术；开发了可以通过互联网实现对遥远地区的风能、光伏等发电装置的远程监控、运行管理和维护技术。
据此完成1～3题。
1．与发达国家相比，2001-2011年间无锡光伏产业参与国际市场竞争的主要有利条件是A.生产成本较低B.原料资源丰富C.交通位置优越D.市场需求量大2．无锡光伏产业在短短10多年间，从两头在外发展模式到形成全球性竞争优势，主要得益于A.生产规模不断扩大B.智能化的运行管理和维护服务C.披术研发和创新D.废化学品的回收再利用3. 2016年，江苏省光伏累计装机容量列全国第五，仅次于4个太阳能资源一类地区一一新疆、甘肃、青海和内蒙古。
在东部沿海各省区中，江苏省光伏累计装机容量居首位的比较优势是A.太阳能资源丰富B.国家新能源政策的扶持C.清洁能源市场需求量大D.光伏全产业链的强力支撑玛纳斯河山麓冲积扇是天山北麓规模最大的冲积扇，由南向北发育有多期冲积扇，不同时期形成的冲积扇之间有明显的阶梯状陡坎。
玛纳斯河山前冲积扇地区第四纪活动断层发育。
图1示意玛纳斯河山麓冲积扇的发展演变。
据此完成4~6题。
4．下列关于玛纳斯河山麓冲积扇特点的描述，错误的是A.地势由南向北倾斜 B．组成物质从南到北总体由粗变细C．耕地分布南多北少 D.扇体边缘有大量地下水溢出5．从各期冲积扇的位置和形态变化推测，诱发该冲积扇发生Fl至F4四期演变的地质作用，最可能是A.风力搬运、沉积作用 B．变质作用C．冰川搬运、沉积作用 D.地壳运动6．玛纳斯县境内的F2冲积扇耕地上的灌溉干渠水流方向大多由A.东北流向西南B.西南流向东北C.东南流向西北D.西北流向东南在全球范围内，云层分布面积、纬度或高度的变化将影响全球的温度。
2018年深圳市高三第二次调研考试文科综合能力测试2018.4.26第Ⅰ卷本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
“胡焕庸线”指我国黑龙江黑河和云南腾冲的连线，是划分我国东南、西北半壁及人口分布差异的界线（表1）；人口分布和国土区域严重不匹配的现象被称为“胡焕庸现象”。
读表1，完成1～2题。
表11．“胡焕庸线”两侧的人口比重一直稳定少变，主要取决于A．计划生育政策 B．人口迁移方向C．自然地理环境 D．地域开放程度2．下列国家中，“胡焕庸现象”最不明显．．．的是A．巴西 B．加拿大C．澳大利亚 D．德国图1是我国华北平原地下水位埋藏深度空间分布图。
读图1，完成3～5题。
3．图示甲、乙、丙、丁四个区域中，土壤盐碱化最为严重的是A．甲 B．乙 C．丙D．丁4．华北平原土壤盐碱化程度加重的季节是A．春季和秋季 B．春季和夏季 C．夏季和秋季D．秋季和冬季5．不能．．缓解华北平原土壤盐碱化的做法是A．地膜覆盖 B．增施熟石灰 C．农田开挖排水沟D．喷灌和滴灌图2是某岛屿的遥感影像。
该岛屿面积10458平方千米，岛屿东北部降水丰富，植被茂密；西南部降水很少，植被稀疏。
读图2，完成6～8题。
6．该岛屿位于A．北大西洋 B．南大西洋C．北太平洋 D．南太平洋7．该岛屿成因类型属于A．大陆岛 B．珊瑚岛C．冲积岛 D．火山岛8．该岛屿东北部山麓的自然植被属于A．亚热带常绿阔叶林B．亚热带常绿硬叶林C．热带雨林D．热带草原图3中的铁路曾多次因大风导致列车脱轨、倾覆及设备损毁。
读图3，完成9～11题。
9．受大风危害最严重的路段是A．十三间房附近 B．三间房附近C．了墩附近D．哈密附近10．通过该铁路输往我国东部地区的货物主要是A．钢铁和机械 B．石油和天然气C．小麦和甜菜 D．棉花和瓜果11．该段铁路没有沿虚线走向修建，主要是因为虚线线路 A．风灾危害大 B．修建成本高C．洪涝灾害多 D．占用耕地多12.通过社会化网络平台，资源所有者将自己闲置的资源拿出来，供那些需要的人有偿使用，这便是当前所说的“分享经济”。
深圳市2018年高三年级第二次调研考试语文注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(一)论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
新媒介是一把双刃剑，在方便人们的日常生活、拓展人的行为能力以及提供各种超感官体验时，其产生的负面效应也不容忽视。
每天各种无用信息占据人们的大量时间，使人们非理性冲动增多，人际关系变得越来越淡薄，也更容易产生紧张和焦虑情绪。
要解决这一问题，就必须从媒体与受众两方面入手，积极寻求对策。
从媒体角度看，媒体可以利用信息智能匹配技术降低受众的信息接收成本。
这项技术以数据分析为依托，使信息更加智能化、个性化，从而与受众的需求相匹配。
比如，一些媒体机构根据用户个人需求方面的关键词、以往浏览的相关数据以及学历、职业、爱好等特征信息，进行汇集、整理、跟踪和分析，并根据用户充值、消费、反馈等数据信息，了解和掌握不同用户的个性化潜在需求，进行精准的信息推送。
虽然公司主要以推广自己服务项目为目的，但这种技术更注重用户的体验和选择，会大大减少许多有意无意强加于受众的信息，从而降低了受众进行信息处理的时间成本，使其在轻松愉悦的状态中接收自己需要的各种信息。
这样的智能匹配模式会越来越精细化、个性化和特色化。
比如，有的技术可以根据手机定位，确定用户是在办公场所、家里还是旅途中来推送合适的视听内容；还可以根据用户手机的睡眠模式、工作模式等确定推送时间，以及根据某一信息关注度的高低确定是否推送。
从信息受众角度看，受众需要提高理性使用新媒介的能力。
受众首先要提升自己的媒介素养，即对媒介本身带来的危害及个人在媒介使用过程中存在的问题保持清醒认识的能力。
任何时候，受众都要保持对新媒介的主动权、选择权，不能被媒介技术左右，而要学会组织与控制信息和技术。
这种主动选择权是建立在一定的媒介素养基础上的。
除此之外，受众还需要加强法律、伦理道德、文化等方面的素养，能够准确判断信息的是非利弊，并掌握好在新媒介上的话语行为的规范和尺度，从而将媒介信息的负面影响降到最低。
既要推动媒介的技术革新，又要提升受众对信息的批判思考能力。
只有把这两方面结合起来，才能使媒介技术真正为我所用，形成媒介与受众的良性互动。
（摘编自马慧茹冶进海《理性面对新媒介的信息海洋》）1. 下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是A. 新媒介产生负面效应的原因是人们在信息海洋中没有获得主动权、选择权。
B. 人们因无用信息泛滥而形成的非理性冲动，会导致紧张和焦虑情绪的产生。
C. 信息智能匹配技术可以根据受众需求实现智能化、个性化信息的精准推送。
D. 以推广服务项目为主要目的，决定了媒体很难真正注重用户的体验和选择。
2. 下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是A. 文章以新媒介有着负面效应为立论前提，并由此指向减少新媒介负面效应的对策。
B. 全文围绕为何要理性地使用新媒介这一问题，从两个密切相关的角度来展开分析。
C. 文章的第二段举出具体的例子，来说明信息智能匹配技术的特点、优势以及发展。
D. 文章先提出新媒介快速发展带来的问题，接着分析解决方法，最后总结得出结论。
3. 根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是A. 信息智能匹配技术的精准推送使受众得到好处，对此受众仍要保持清醒头脑。
B. 信息智能匹配技术的持续发展，得益于手机、网络的普及和媒体的广泛应用。
C. 缺少媒介素养的人，难以组织与控制信息，也肯定无法判断信息的是非利弊。
D. 如果受众理性使用新媒介的能力不能提高，媒介技术革新的成果就要大打扣折。
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C【解析】1. 试题分析：本题考查考生理解语句、筛选并整合文中信息的能力。
能力层级为B级、C级。
【试题分析】A项前半句“新媒介产生负面效应的原因”源于原文第一段，后半句“人们在信息海洋中没有获得主动权、选择权”源于原文第三段。
从全文看，文章主要是从“媒体”和“信息受众”两大角度进行对策分析，因此，需要把对策转换为问题或原因，即“从媒体可以利用信息智能匹配技术降低受众的信息接收成本”可以转换为“受众的信息接收成本高”，从“从信息受众角度看，受众需要提高理性使用新媒介的能力”转换为“受众使用新媒体缺乏理性”。
由此可知A错。
B项源于原文第一段。
原文说“每天各种无用信息占据人们的大量时间，使人们非理性冲动增多，人际关系越来越淡薄，也更容易产生紧张和焦虑情绪”，三者是并列关系，而题目表述为因果关系，所以B项错误。
C项源于原文第二段，原文“一些媒体机构根据用户个人需求……进行精准信息推送”“虽然公司主要以推广自己服务项目为目的，但这种技术……接收自己需要的各种信息”，整合两层意思，可知C项正确。
D项，原文意思是媒体非常“注重用户的体验和选择”以达到“推广服务项目的目的”，所以D错。
学§科§网...学§科§网...学§科§网...学§科§网...学§科§网...学§科§网...学§科§网...3. 试题分析：题考查考生整合文中信息并进行分析和推断的能力。
A项前半句源于第二段，后半句是根据原文的第二段做的推断，文章第三段分析的就是“受众理性的媒介素养”，从现实生活逻辑也可以推出这个判断。
所以A项正确。
B项是对“信息智能匹配技术的持续发展”条件的推断，这个推断符合生活逻辑。
C项是对“缺少媒介素养”对一个人在新媒介时代可能有的结果，相关内容可以从第三段进行推断判断。
C 项对推出的两大结果“难以组织与控制信息”“肯定无法判断信息的是非利弊”表述过于绝对。
D项是对“受众理性使用新媒体能力不能提高”的影响分析。
文章从“信息智能匹配技术”与“受众媒介素养”“良性互动”进行分析论证，内此推知“媒介技术革新的成果就要大打扣折”成立，可知D项正确。
点睛：这是一道筛选并整合信息的题目，筛选整合信息的题目侧重于对文中佐证观点的现象、材料运用的准确性进行考核，主要的错误类型是强拉因果、因果倒置、曲解文意、无中生有、混淆范围、偷换概念等等。
(二)文学类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
朗读与呐喊莫言今年二月，在故乡的大街上，我与推着车子卖豆腐的小学同学方快相遇。
方快提着我的乳名骂我闯富了忘了老同学。
我说我都六十多岁了，你就别叫乳名了吧！他说，你想让我叫你什么？叫你莫言？呸！方快是很聪明的，他六十多岁了还在卖豆腐只能说他没碰上展露才华的机会。
他喊我的乳名就说明他对我的不服气。
我获奖后，面对采访的记者他提着我的乳名说：“他呀，根本不行！朗诵课文，他不是我的对手。
”于是我回想起方快与朗读有关的事来。
那时我们的语文老师是学校唯一用普通话讲课的老师。
在我们那里,谁要是出去上几天学或当几年兵，回来就说普通话，肯定成为嘲讽的对象。
在强大的习惯势力压迫下，还坚持用普通话讲课，现在回想起来，我们老师是个了不起的人物。
我们齐声朗读时，老师提着教鞭在教室里转悠，辨别谁的声音里有着对课文的故意歪曲。
方快是挨教鞭最多的——其实也不是真打，略有痛感而已。
有天中午，方快带着我们去田野里捉了几十只青蛙，用瓦罐提到教室里，放在脚下。
那天新课是《青蛙》，老师带领我们朗读：“每到黄昏，池塘边有一只老青蛙先发出单音的独唱，接着满塘的蛙跟着唱起来。
呱！呱！呱！……”我们从来没有像那次朗读那样卖力，那样愉快，那样充满期待。
我们一边朗读一边偷眼看方快。
他的脸膛红扑扑的，脸上洋溢着喜气。
他从来都是朗读的捣乱者，但这次却成了领读者。
他的嗓音洪亮，富有韵味，而且，他使用的竟是普通话！连老师也用讶异的目光看着他。
这时候，我看到他用脚推倒了瓦罐，几十只青蛙争先恐后地跳出来。
伴随着女生们的尖叫和男生们的怪笑，我们看到老师变色的脸——教室里只有方快一个人还在朗读：“……青蛙，真是一种可爱的动物……”我们原以为老师会跟方快决一死战，没想到在方快响亮的朗读声中，老师蜡黄的脸渐渐红润起来。
我们老师是一个有酒涡的男人，他的脸上出现酒涡我们便知道他笑了。
方快停止朗读，似乎有些不好意思地对老师傻笑。
老师响亮地拍着巴掌，连声说：“好好好！太好了！”此后不久，方快便当了学习委员，之后又当了班长，成了．．老师的骄傲，成了．．后进变先进．．好学生，成了的典型，还参加全县朗读比赛获得第三名。
如果不是因为历史原因，他很可能成为我们高密东北乡一个杰出人物。
当然，现在也不能说他不杰出，他家的豆腐，质量很好，供不应求。
方快引发了朗读的热潮。
我们朗读，我们背诵，我们把语文课本一字不漏地从头背到尾。
我是其中一个追随者。
后来当了兵，我能慷慨激昂地念报纸的才能被指导员发现，让我在团部欢迎新兵大会上发言。
调到军校后，领导错以为我文化水平很高，便让我当政治教员给新学员讲课。
讲哲学，政治经济学，我哪里懂这些！但箭在弦上，不得不发，硬着头皮也要冲上去。
那年寒假，我背了一大堆书回家探亲。
我在邻居家滴水成冰的空房子里备课，讲稿写好了，就一遍遍地读。
当时我以为我讲的是标准普通话，后来才知道我讲的是“高普”（高密普通话）。
我先是小声读，读着读着就起了高声，最后是手舞足蹈地呐喊。
全不顾．．．家里人．．．村里人的说三道四，全不顾．．．墙外有耳，全不顾的难堪。
那时我们家东厢房里还养着一头牛，每当我呐喊时，母亲就会进来劝我：别吆呼了，你把牛都吓得不吃草了。
经过一个多月的训练，在开学后的课堂上，作用明显，反响强烈。
我也颇为得意。
三十多年后的一次聚会，一位性格豪爽的女学员说：我们当年给您起了一个外号叫“野狼嗥”——我心中一怔，才知道他们受了我多少折磨。
去年秋天，我见到了仰慕已久的叶嘉莹先生，听她吟诵唐诗宋词。
叶先生说从来没有人教过她吟唱，从小她就这样唱读，因为她感觉就应该这样读，这样唱。
听了叶先生的话，我想，是的，每个人都要用自己的腔调，想怎么唱就怎么唱；用标准普通话读出的诗词，确实很好听，但其实都不是古典诗词应该发出的声音。
告别叶先生后，我曾把门窗堵严了吟唱过几首唐诗宋词，感觉无比畅快。
但我知道，叶先生的自由吟唱会赢得满堂彩，而如果我敢登台放腔，迎接我的——当然不会是猎枪。
（有删改）4. 下列对文章相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是A. 方快执意叫“我”的乳名，是因为他不服气；而不服气的原因，则是他当年曾凭着朗读而无比辉煌，“我”也曾是他的追随者之一。
B. 文中的语文老师很了不起，他不仅有着在乡里人嘲笑中坚持自我的勇气，也有着用宽容、赏识来改变一个捣蛋学生的胸怀与智慧。
