2018高考英语大一轮复习：第1部分 必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 练案 含解析

Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ.常考单词必背1．harmful adj.有害的It's harmful to your eyes to read books in the bus.在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。

[快速闪记](1)be harmful to...对……有害(2)harmless adj.无害的harm n．损害；伤害v．对……有害；伤害；损害2．exist v i.存在；生存Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air.月球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。

[快速闪记](1)exist in存在于exist on靠……生存There exist(s)/existed...某地有/存在……(2)existence n．存在；生存3．puzzle n．谜；难题v t.& v i.(使)迷惑；(使)为难The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。

[快速闪记](1)be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.感到迷惑的4．pull n．& v t.拉(力)；拖；牵引力She pulled his sleeve to get his attention.她拉拉他的袖子以引起他的注意。

[快速闪记]pull down摧毁、推翻、拆除pull in进站停靠；驶向路边(或某处)停靠pull out离站；(使)摆脱困境pull through恢复健康；渡过危机5．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众I have masses of work to do.我有大量工作要做。

第一部分基础知识必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: The Science of the Stars1．了解宇宙科学、地球生命的起源，了解万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文学知识，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探求科学的热情。

2．了解作者的写作特点，培养创造性思维，开拓广阔的想象空间。

Do hens lay eggs first or eggs give birth to chicks first? Who exist earlier on earth? It's a puzzle of biology. No physicist would cheer up at the problem. Are you interested in astronomy or solar system? Do you believe in the theory of Big Bang? Will violent Big Bang break out? What prevents us from taking in more oxygen? People believing in religion won't believe there is harmful acid in the atmosphere. Unlike them, we know that there are billions of atoms which are fundamental to the globe. Thus, they gather to be masses of living things. They will multiply in time when the climate is suitable. Without gravity, satellite and floating spaceship will crash. Now that we have so many puzzles, we should watch out for the surroundings around us.1. in time 及时；终于2. lay eggs 下蛋3. exist vi. 存在；生存4. give birth to 产生；分娩5. in one's turn 轮到某人；接着6. prevent...from 阻止；制止7. break out 突发；爆发8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防1. 和他们不同的是，我们知道有无数对地球至关重要的原子。

2018届全国人教版英语一轮讲义：必修三Unit4（含答案）必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescience ofthe starsIsaac Newton，an English physicist，discovered gravity.Based on his theory，astronomers predicted that another planet might exist in the orbit of Uranus(天王星)．Uranus，having27known natural satellites，is visible to the naked eye.It's the third largest planet in terms of size in the Solar System，with its mass roughly 14.5times that of Earth.It's much closer to the sun，but this does not prevent it from being the coldest，because unlike the other planets，Uranus gives off less heat than it absorbs from the sun.Its climate also seems less violent.Traces of carbon dioxide，oxygen and hydrogen have been confirmed in its atmosphere.默写识记◆默写单词1．system n．系统；体系；制度2．physicist n.物理学家3．theory n.学说；理论4．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的6．unlike prep.与……不同；不像7．exist v i.存在；生存8．harmful adj.有害的9．puzzle n.谜；难题v.(使)迷惑；(使)为难10．climate n.气候11．float v.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物◆记住词义1．astronomy n.天文学2．religion n.宗教；宗教信仰3．atom n.原子4．globe n.球体；地球仪；地球5．dioxide n.二氧化物6．atmosphere n.大气层；气氛7．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的8．chain n.链子；连锁；锁链9．multiply v.乘；增加10．biology n.生物学11．gravity n.万有引力；重力12．satellite n.卫星；人造卫星13．crash v.碰撞；坠落◆写出短语1．give birth to产生；分娩2．in one's turn轮到某人；接着3．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋4．break out突发；爆发5．watch out for密切注意；当心；提防6．block out挡住(光线)7．far from离……很远；根本不是8．now that既然联想拓展名词后缀­ist1．novelist小说家2．receptionist接待员3．tourist旅行者，观光者4．journalist记者，新闻工作者短语串记1．reach out for伸手去拿2．try out for参加……选拔3．make up for补偿；弥补－－－－－－－－－－－4．in time及时；终于5．in no time立刻；马上6．at a time每次；一次7．at one time曾经；一度8．at times有时候；不时地－－－－－－－－－－－9．break up打碎；拆散；分裂10．break down坏掉；破裂；崩溃11．break into破门而入；突然……起来12．break in破门而入；打断13．break through突破－－－－－－－－－－－14．in turn依次；轮流；反过来15．by turns轮流；交替地16．take turns to do sth.轮流做某事17．It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事－－－－－－－－－－－18．to begin with首先19．to conclude最后20．to sum up总之经典例句①The cashiers were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.出纳员接到要求，要注意伪钞。

【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重（难）点句型二、知识精讲（一）重点单词1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度systematic adj.He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。

The new system has had a disastrous effect on productivity.新制度对生产率产生了灾难性的影响。

Too much alcohol is bad for the system.过量饮酒对身体有害。

theory n.学说；理论theoretic adj.There are many theories about the origin of life.关于生命起源的学说有很多。

In this way they can better apply theory to practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

Your plan sounds fine in theory it doesn’t work in practice.你的计划在理论上听起来不错，但在实践中无法实施。

2. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的violence n.They are launching a violent attack on the enemy.他们对敌人展开了猛烈的进攻。

The class was shocked by his violent language.全班同学对他激烈的言辞感到震惊。

Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.不应允许儿童看暴力电影。

The young man was charged with robbery with violence.这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars话题词汇1．universe n．宇宙2．space n．太空3．spaceship/spacecraft n．宇宙飞船4．astronaut n．宇航员5．orbit n．轨道6．star n．恒星7．have a great effect on对……有很大影响8．make a great difference起很大作用；产生很大影响9．change one’s life改变某人的生活10．benefit from得益于，从……获益话题佳作随着科技的发展，人类对外层空间的探索越来越深入。

你们班据此展开了一次讨论，请根据表格中的内容写一篇讨论稿，并谈谈你的观点和想法。

佳作欣赏A survey about the exploration of outer space is conducted in our class.Different students have different opinions.The majority are in favor of space exploration because the Chinese people have been dreaming of going into outer space for a long time.It will help China to take part in the international competition in the future.However，some students argue against it.In their opinion，space exploration increases the economic burden.Inaddition，as a developing country，China should try to solve other social problems.Personally，it’s necessary to explore space.As a student，I will study hard so that I can make a great contribution to our country.名师点睛本文结构清晰：第一段引出话题；第二段说明不同学生对太空探索两种截然不同的观点；第三段：总结自己的观点。

Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsWhat many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (教材P26) 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

(1)be harmful to 对……有害(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ harm n .[U]& vt .伤害；损害do harm to/do…harm对……有害There is no harm in doing sth/It does no harm to do sth 做某事没有坏处(3)harmless adj .无害的①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。

②Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health. 由汽车产生的空气污染和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。

③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him. 如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。

④The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless (harm) phrase.这场麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。

高三英语一轮复习必修三Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ.单词语境记忆1．exist in space存在于太空2．crash into a truck 撞上一辆卡车3．float on the surface of the water 漂浮在水面上4．pull out my tooth 拔掉我的牙齿5．masses of work 一大堆的工作6．in that cold climate在如此寒冷的气候条件下7．create a comfortable atmosphere创造一种舒适的气氛8．more than one billion dollars 十亿多美元Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆1．puzzle n．谜；难题→v t.& v i.(使)迷惑；(使)为难2．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论的，理论性的4．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently ad v.暴力地；猛烈地5．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& v．伤害→harmless adj.无害的6．exist v i.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存7．puzzle v i.& v t.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家Ⅲ.单词趣味串记1．Tom was in violent pain.As a result，he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.汤姆处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。