IRIS手册(中英文)

IRIS Internal Auditor Trning Manual (English Version) Table of Contents1.Introduction2.IRIS Audit Principles3.Roles and Responsibilities of an Internal Auditor4.Audit Process and Procedures5.Audit Planning6.Audit Execution7.Audit Reporting8.Audit Follow-Up9.Conclusion1. IntroductionThe IRIS Internal Auditor Trning Manual is designed to provide comprehensive guidance and instruction for individuals aspiring tobecome internal auditors in the rlway industry. This manual outlines the essential knowledge, skills, and responsibilities required to effectively conduct internal audits within an organization.Internal auditing plays a critical role in ensuring compliance with the IRIS standards and mntning high-quality performance in the rlway industry. By completing this trning, auditors will develop a strong understanding of the IRIS audit principles and gn the necessary expertise to evaluate and improve the processes and systems within their organization.2. IRIS Audit PrinciplesIn this section, auditors will be introduced to the key principles underlying the IRIS audit process. These principles include:•Independence: Auditors must remn impartial and free from any conflicts of interest.•Competence: Auditors should possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to effectively perform their duties.•Evidence-Based Approach: Auditors must base their conclusions and recommendations on objective evidence.•Risk-Based Approach: Audits should focus on areas with the highest risk in terms of non-compliance or inefficiency.•Improvement-Oriented: Auditors should m to identify opportunities for improvement and value creation.3. Roles and Responsibilities of an Internal AuditorThis section outlines the roles and responsibilities of an internal auditor within an organization. These include:•Conducting audits in accordance with the IRIS standards and audit procedures.•Evaluating the effectiveness and compliance of internal controls.•Identifying weaknesses or areas for improvement.•Preparing audit reports and communicating findings to management.•Facilitating corrective actions and monitoring their implementation.•Providing recommendations to enhance the organization’s overall performance.4. Audit Process and ProceduresIn this section, auditors will learn about the various stages of the audit process and the associated procedures. The audit process typically consists of the following steps:1.Planning: Defining the scope, objectives, and resourcesrequired for the audit.2.Execution: Conducting on-site inspections, interviews, anddocumentation review.3.Reporting: Presenting findings, conclusions, andrecommendations in a comprehensive report.4.Follow-up: Assessing the implementation of correctiveactions and verifying their effectiveness.5. Audit PlanningEffective audit planning is crucial for conducting successful audits. This section provides auditors with guidance on how to plan their audits, including:•Determining the audit objectives, scope, and criteria.•Assessing the organization’s risks and controls.•Developing an audit plan and schedule.•Gathering necessary resources and documentation.•Communicating the audit plan to key stakeholders.6. Audit ExecutionIn this section, auditors will learn how to execute the audit plan effectively. This includes:•Conducting on-site inspections and interviews.•Collecting and analyzing data and evidence.•Assessing compliance with IRIS standards and regulatory requirements.•Investigating identified issues and discrepancies.•Mntning professionalism and ethical conduct throughout the audit process.7. Audit ReportingThis section provides guidance on how to prepare and present comprehensive audit reports. Key topics covered include:•Structuring the audit report to effectively communicate findings and recommendations.•Including relevant supporting evidence and documentation.•Presenting findings and conclusions in a clear and objective manner.•Facilitating constructive discussions with management based on the audit report.•Ensuring that audit reports are accurate, complete, and timely.8. Audit Follow-UpThe follow-up process is essential to ensure the resolution of audit findings and the implementation of corrective actions. This section covers:•Verifying the effectiveness of implemented corrective actions.•Assessing the closure of audit findings.•Monitoring and reporting on the progress of corrective actions.•Facilitating the resolution of any unresolved issues or non-compliance.9. ConclusionThe IRIS Internal Auditor Trning Manual provides aspiring auditors with the knowledge, skills, and tools required to conduct effective internal audits in the rlway industry. By following the principles, processes, and procedures outlined in this manual, auditors can contribute to the continuous improvement and enhanced performance of their organization.Note: This trning manual is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a substitute for professional trning and certification in internal auditing.。

iris标准2023版中英文版文章标题：Iris标准2023版中英文版Iris标准2023版中英文版Iris标准，即国际铁路产线相互联通系统（International Railway Industry Standard），是一种为铁路行业提供统一质量管理的国际标准。

本文将介绍Iris标准2023版的中英文内容。

引言Iris标准2023版是国际铁路产线相互联通系统的最新版本。

此标准由国际铁路运输协会（The Internation Union of Railways, UIC）制定，并在全球范围内推广。

Iris标准的目的是提高铁路行业的质量管理，从而提供更安全、更可靠的铁路服务。

一、Iris标准的背景Iris标准的制定源于对铁路行业质量管理的需求。

在过去，不同国家和地区的铁路产线存在质量管理上的差异，这给国际铁路运输带来了一定的风险。

因此，国际铁路运输协会决定制定一套全球通用的质量管理标准，以确保不同铁路产线之间的互联互通。

二、Iris标准的内容Iris标准2023版的中英文版内容如下：1. 范围（Scope）：介绍Iris标准适用的范围和对象。

2. 规定（Requirements）：列出了Iris标准对质量管理的具体要求，包括组织管理、设备管理、人员培训等方面。

3. 评估方法（Assessment Methods）：说明了如何对铁路产线进行Iris标准的评估和认证。

4. 评估规程（Assessment Process）：详细描述了Iris标准的评估流程，包括申请、评估、认证等步骤。

5. 认证证书（Certification）：介绍了Iris标准认证的证书形式和有效期。

6. Iris标准和ISO 9001：解释了Iris标准与ISO 9001质量管理体系的关系。

7. Iris标准的改进（Improvement）：指导铁路产线如何持续改进质量管理，提高运营效率和安全性。

三、Iris标准2023版的重要变化相较于之前的版本，Iris标准2023版进行了一些重要的变化，以进一步提高铁路行业的质量管理。

建筑英语中英文对照byIriso ring 圆形截面环oak 栎树oakum 麻絮obelisk 方尖碑object 对象object of construction production 工程项目oblique butt joint 斜对接oblique projection 斜投影oblique scarf 斜接榫oblique section 斜截面obscured glass 毛面玻璃observation 观测observation light 碍航物灯标observation of the work 操奏视observation point 观测点observational data 观测资料occupancy 居住occupancy load 收容能力;居住载荷occupancy rate 居住率occupant space requirements 居住空间标准occupants 居住者occupied zone 实占地域ocher 袅ochre 袅ocrate process 四氟化硅处理ocrated concrete 四氟化硅混凝土oder suppression 臭气排除odor 臭气odor control 四氟化硅处理odorimeter 气味计odour 臭气off center load 偏心荷重off formwork concreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off grade size 不合格粒径off ground hauler 越野土运机off loading ramp 卸载斜坡道off peak electric heating 非峰期电供热off peak load 非峰值负载off peak period 非高峰时间off set joints 错缝off shore boring 海底钻探off shuttering concreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off the site work 现场外工作office 机关office building 办公楼office furniture 办公室设备offset 突层offset bend 迂回管弯头offset yield strength 条件屈服强度offshore boring island 钻井平台offshore structures 海上结构物offstream storage 停运贮藏池ogee s形曲线ogee arch 葱形拱ogee curve s形曲线ohio cofferdam 俄亥俄围堰oil 油oil bath air filter 油浴空气过滤器oil buffer 液压缓冲器oil fired heater 烧油空气加热器oil fired heating system 烧油供热系统oil paint 油漆oil pipeline 油管oil stain 油蚀oil trap 集油器oil washed air cleaner 油浴空气过滤器oil well cement 油井水泥omnia concrete floor 咬封混凝土楼板omnia concrete plank 咬封混凝土板on job laboratory 工地实验室on off valve 双位阀on site connection 就地连接once through water supply system 单柳水系统ondol 炕one brick wall 单砖墙one centered arch 单心拱one coat work 单层粉刷one component material 单一性材料one degree system 单自由度系统one family dwelling 单户住宅one hand block 小型砌块one hand tile 小型砌块one hinged arch 单铰拱one off design 专用设计one off houses 临时房屋one pass aeration tank 单道曝气池one pipe circulation 单管式循环one pipe heating system 单管供热系统one pipe loop system 单管环路系统one pipe system 单管系统one room dwelling 单间住宅one roomed flat 单间公寓one side welding 单面焊one sided connection 单面连接one span two hinged frame 单跨度双铰接框架one storey house 单层房屋one way slab 单向配筋板one way street 单行道one way system 单向配筋方式one way valve 单向阀onramp 斜坡弯道opal glass 乳色玻璃opaque ceramic glazed tile 不透谜瓷釉瓷砖open air intake works 无压取水结构open air plant 露天装置open air water power plant 开启式水力发电站open boarding 开缝铺板法open box section 敞开箱形构造截面open caisson 沉井open caisson foundation 沉井基础open cornice 敞檐open cut tunneling 泌隧道工程open deck car park 开敞式停车建筑物open distribution 开启分送open ditch drainage 排水玫open drain 排水玫open drainage 排水玫open eaves 敞檐open expansion tank heating system 自由膨胀水箱式供热系统open floor 露瞄栅楼板open frame girder 空腹桁架梁open hood 开口式通气罩open joint 渺open mortise 开口榫眼open newel stair 露眯柱旋梯open pan mixer 敞口盘式混合料open parking structure 开敞式停车建筑物open pier construction 空架式突堤结构open piping 外露管道open pit 露天开采坑open plan 开敞布置open return steam heating system 直接蒸汽供热系统open riser stair 露盲步楼梯open roof 露幂顶open section 开口断面open sheathing 版面疏松的衬板open sheeting 版面疏松的衬板open slating 疏铺石板open space 空地open stairway 露氓梯open steam heating system 直接蒸汽供热系统open storage area 露天堆场open storage ground 露天堆场open storm drainage 露藐水排水沟open tendering 公开招标open territory 空旷地区open timber floor 露木楼板open timbering 版面疏松的衬板open traverse 开路导线open type exhaust canopy 开式排气雨棚open valley 屋面天沟open vent 开式通风口open web 空腹open web girder 空腹大梁open web steel joist 空腹钢铁托梁open well 露幂井open well stair 露幂井楼梯open wharf 透空式码头open wiring 眠布线opening 孔opening bridge 开合桥opening light 开敞式窗洞opening of bids 开表openwork jetty 透空式码头opera house 歌剧院operable partition 开闭式间壁operable transom 开敞式气窗operable wall 开闭式间壁operating floor 操专operation 操作operation drawing 加工图operation schedule 椎程序operational range 操锥围operational waste 操耗operator 操妆optical sag 视光垂度optical square 光学直角器optimal design 优化设计optimization 最优化optimum city size 最佳城市大小optimum condition 最佳条件optimum design 最佳设计opus latericium 嵌砖混凝土墙opus quadratum 方石筑墙or equal specification 被承认等同的技术条件orbit 轨道orchard garden 果园order 柱型式样order of technical assignment 技术任务指令orderly construction territory 有次序的工程地区ordinary concrete 普通混凝土ordinary construction 一般构造ordinary dense concrete 普通密实的混凝土ordinary lime mortar 普通灰浆ordinary portland cement 普通硅盐水泥ordinary red brick 普通红砖ordinary reinforcedconcrete 普通钢筋混凝土ordinary structuralconcrete 普通结构混凝土ordinate 纵坐标ordnance bench mark 水准基点organic binder 有机粘结剂organic content 有机质含量organic impurity 有机不洁物organic silt 有机质淤泥organic test 有机物试验organic wastes 有机废水organism of production 生产组织organization 机构oriel 凸窗oriental type park 东方式公园orientation of building 房屋定位orifice meter 孔极量计orifice tube test 坍落度筒测定origin of force 着力点original cross sectional area 起始横截面面积original drawing 原图ornament 装饰ornamental architecture 盛饰建筑ornamental concrete 装饰混凝土ornamental concrete finishing 装饰混凝土修整ornamental forest 风景林ornamental glass 装饰玻璃ornamental motif 装饰肘ornamental panelling 装饰镶板ornamental part 装饰配件orthogonal anisotropic plate 正交蛤异性板orthogonal projection 正投影orthography 正投影orthotropic plate 正交蛤异性板orthotropic structures 正交蛤异性结构oscillating machinery 振动机械oscillating screen 振动筛oscillation 振动oscillation conveyor 振荡式输送机osmose 渗透ossature 骨胳out port 外港outbuilding 附属房屋outdoor air 外伸架临时顶撑outdoor air inlet 外部空气outdoor exposure test 野外曝露试验outdoor furniture 户外七outdoor installation 户外装置outdoor paint 室外用油漆outdoor power station 开启式水力发电站outdoor powerhouse 开启式水力发电站outdoor temperature 室外温度outer court 外院outer door 外门outer fiber 外部纤维outer forces 外力outer harbor 外港outer lining 外门窗框outer slope 外侧坡度outer string 楼梯外侧小梁outer support 外支座outer wall 外墙outfall 排水口outfit 装置outflow channel 泄水渠outhouse 屋外厕所outlay of production 生产经费outlet box 引出箱outlet opening 排出口outlet tunnel 排水隧道outline 轮廓outline drawing 轮廓图outline of house 房屋轮廓outline specification 一般技术规格outmost fiber 外部纤维output data 输出数据outrigger 外伸架outrigger base 悬臂板outrigger scaffold 排出脚手架outrigger shore 外伸架临时顶撑outside air 外部空气outside air opening 外部空气通道outside architrave 外门窗框outside casing 外门窗框outside coating 外部涂刷outside column 外部柱outside corner moulding 角条outside door 外门outside film coefficient 外表面传热系数outside finish 外饰面outside foundation line 外部地基线outside glazing 外部装配玻璃outside scaffolding 外部脚手架outside temperature 室外温度outside wall 外墙outside window 外部窗outstreet 郊区outwork 野外椎oval arch 椭圆形拱oven 炉ovendry wood 烘干木材over dwelling 居住区过密over mortared concrete mix 多灰浆混凝土混合料overall coefficient of heattransfer 总传热系数overall depth of section 截面总高度overall dimensions 综合尺寸overall height 总高度overall length 总长overall size 总尺寸overbridge 天桥overburden 复盖层overburden excavator 剥土电铲overburden pressure 积土压力overburden stripping 覆盖层剥除overcrossing 上跨交叉overcrowded city 挤集型城市overcrowding 拥挤过度overdesign 超裕度设计结构overdeveloped city 过度发展的城市overdevelopment 地下水池的枯燥overdosage 超量配料overfall gap 溢水口overflow dam 溢劣overflow pipe 溢淋overflow stand 溢淋overground part 地上部分overhand work 从内墙砌砖overhang 悬突体overhaul 大修overhead crane 高架起重机overhead crane girder 桥式吊车梁overhead distribution 架空配电overhead door 升降门overhead heating system 上分式供热系统overhead illumination 天花板照明overhead line 架空线路overhead pipeline 架空管道overhead water storage tank 高架蓄水箱overhead welding 仰焊overhead wire 架空线路overhead work 高空工作overhung door 悬挂式推拉门overlap 重迭overlapping construction schedule 综合施工进度表overlay paper 混凝土覆盖纸overload 过载overload limiter 超载限制器overload protection 过载保护overlying ground 上面覆盖overpass 上跨桥overpass for pedestrians 高架人行道overpressure protection 超压防护oversailing course 挑出砖层oversanded mix 多砂混合料oversite concrete 地基混凝土板层overslabbing 混凝土板铺路overstressing 超限应力overstretching 超限应力overturning moment 倾覆力矩overvibration 过度振动owner 甲方owner architect agreement 所有人和建筑师合同owner contractoragreement 所有人和承包人合同owner's inspector 甲方检查员oxidation capacity 氧化能力oxidation column 氧化塔oxidation lagoon 氧化池oxidation pond 氧化池oxide 氧化物oxidized linseed oil 氧化亚麻油oxyacetylene cuttingtorch 氧快切割机oxychloride cement 氯氧水泥oxygen 氧oxygen deficit 缺氧oxygenator 氧合器ozonation 臭氧处理ozonator 臭氧化发生器ozone 臭氧ozone treatment 臭氧处理ozonized air 缺氧ozonizing chamber 臭氧化窒pack 束package dealer 总承包者packaged air conditioner 小型空气第器packaged boiler 移动式锅炉packaged building program 综合建筑计划packaged concrete 包装混凝土packed heat insulation 填充式绝热packed joint 堵塞接缝packing 填满packless valve 无填料阀pad 承梁垫石padding 涂底漆paddle 小闸门paddle aerator 叶轮式曝气器paddle loader 桨叶式装载机paddle mixer 桨叶式搅拌机padlock 挂锁padstone 承梁垫石pagoda 塔pail 水桶paint 颜料paint base 油漆打底paint blaster 涂料喷雾器paint brush 漆刷paint gun 喷漆枪paint ingredient 涂料成分paint kettle 油漆锅paint peeling 涂漆层剥皮paint pot 油漆锅paint roller 漆滚筒paint spray gun 喷涂枪paint spraying 喷漆paint spraying machine 喷漆机painter's hand tools 漆工手工具painting 涂油漆painting work 涂装工作pair of doors 双门palace 宫殿palatial architecture 宫殿式建筑pale 桩palette knife 但刀paling 栏栅palisade 栏栅pallet 但板palletized load 架装荷载pan 铰链孔pan floor 盘式楼板pan humidifier 盘式加湿器pan mixer 盘状拌和机pane 窗玻璃pane of glass 门墙玻璃块panel 镶板panel air system 嵌入式空气系统panel built house 预制墙板式房屋panel construction 壁板式构造panel cooler 板式冷却器panel cooling 嵌入式降温panel door 镶板门panel heating 板壁供热panel lighting 格式照明panel load 节点载荷panel node 节点panel point 节点panel radiator 嵌入式散热器panel shuttering 镶板式模壳panel strip 嵌条panel type house 预制墙板式房屋panel wall 幕墙panel work 镶板工作panelled ceiling 格子平顶panelling 镶板pantile 波形瓦pantry 备餐间paper 纸paper backed lath 用纸鬃层的板条paper board 纸板paper filter 纸过滤器paper form 纸模papering 糊纸parabola 抛物线parabolic arch 抛物线拱parabolic curve 抛物曲线parabolic girder 抛物线梁parabolic shell 抛物线状薄壳paraffin 蜡parallel chord truss 平行弦桁架parallel flow heatexhanger 并两热交换器parallel lay rope 顺扭交绳parallel stair 平行楼梯parallel swivel bench vice 平行轮轴钳工台虎钳parallel wire unit 平行钢丝束parallelepiped 平行六面体parallelism 平行parallelogram 平行四边形parallelogram of forces 力平行四边形parameter 参数parapet 女儿墙parent matrix 原结合料pargeter 灰泥工paring chisel 消錾park 公园park architecture 公园建筑parker truss 帕克式桁架parking area 停车场parking lot 停车场parking place 停车场parking tower 塔式停车处parkway 林荫干道parlour 接待室parquet 拼花地板parquet block 镶木地板条块parquet floor 镶木地板part 零件part drawing 零件图part in bending 受弯部分part in compression 受压部分part in tension 受拉部分part swing shovel 部分旋转式电铲partial air conditioning 局部空调partial cover plate 部分盖板partial prestressing 部分的预应力partial safety factors 部分安全系数partially drowned weir 局部潜堰partially prestressed composite construction 部分预应力组合结构partially separate system 部份分僚水系统particle 粒子particle board 碎木板particle shape 颗粒形状particle size 粒子大小particle size analysis 粒度分析particle sizedistribution 粒径分布particle size distribution curve 粒度分布曲线parting agent 脱模隔离涂料partition 隔板partition beam 隔壁梁partition block 隔墙块partition board 隔墙板partition tile 隔壁用花砖partition wall of glass bricks 玻璃块间壁party wall 共用隔墙pass 通道passage 通道passageway 通道passenger elevator 乘客电梯passenger flow 旅客怜passenger lift 乘客电梯passive earth pressure 被动地压paste 软膏paste content 浆状物含量paste paint 厚漆paste volume 浆状物含量pat 试饼pat mortar 扁饼灰泥patand 地梁patching 补坑patching compound 修补混合料patching mix 修补混合料patent glazing 无油灰装玻璃paternoster 链斗式升降机path of seepage 渗哩路patio 庭院patten 柱基础patter 抹板pattern 模型pattern decoration 花样装饰patterned finish 花纹装修patterned paper 花纹纸patternmaker 制模工人paumelle 可折较链paved median 铺面中央分隔带paved shoulders 铺砌的路肩pavement 铺装pavement base 铺路基础pavement concrete 路面混凝土pavement design 路面设计pavement marking machine 路面标线机pavement overlay 路面罩面pavement saw 铺面锯机pavement slab 铺路板paver 混凝土搅拌摊铺机paver's hammer 铺砌工锤pavilion 展览馆分管凉亭pavilion roof 攒尖式屋顶paving asphalt 铺路沥青paving blocks 铺面块体paving brick 铺地砖paving flag 铺路石板paving slab 铺路板paving stone 铺路石paving train 联合铺路机pea gravel 豆粒砾石pea gravel grout 豆砾石薄浆pea grit 豆粒砾石pea shingle 豆粒砾石peak arch 尖拱peak demand 最大需要量peak discharge 最大量peak load 最大载荷peak stress 高最大应力pearl 珍珠pearlite 珍珠岩peasant market 农民市场peat 泥炭peat brick 泥炭砖peat soil 泥沼质土peaty soil 泥沼质土pebble 砾石pebble clarifier 砾石清净器pebble dash 小卵石涂抹pedestal 柱脚pedestal foot 大放脚pedestrian bridge 人行桥pedestrian guard rail 人行道栏杆pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian protection 行人保护装置pedestrian railing 人行桥栏杆pedestrian subway 人行隧道pedestrian traffic 行人交通pediment 人形墙peeling 剥皮peference mark 基准点peg 短桩pegging out 定界pell mell construction 抛筑pelleted mineral wool 颗粒状矿棉penalty 罚款penalty clause 违约罚金条款pencil 束pencil rod 细钢杆pendence 斜度pendentive dome 三角穹圆顶pendentives 穹隅pendulum 振子pendulum bearing 摇摆式支座pendulum saw 摆锯penetrability 透入性penetration 贯穿penetration probe 贯穿探针penetration test 贯入试验penetration treatment 浸透处理penning gate 直升式泄水闸门penstock 水压管pentagon 五角形penthouse 小棚屋penthouse apartment 屋顶公寓pentroof 单坡屋顶penumbra 半影percent compaction 压实百分数percent fines 细粒含量百分率percent of elongation 伸张度percent of void 孔隙率percentage by volume 体积百分率percentage by weight 重量百分比percentage reinforcement 配筋比率percolating water 渗透水percolation 渗漏percolation gauge 渗透计percussion drill hammer 冲魂锤percussion drilling 冲魂percussion penetration method 撞会入法perennial stream 常流perforated brick 有孔砖perforated casing well 滤管井perforated ceiling board 穿孔天花板perforated plate 凿孔板perforated wall 穿孔墙performancecharacteristic 工棕性performance test 性能试验perimeter 周边perimeter beam 圈梁perimeter grouting 周边管浆perimeter heating 周边供热perimeter wall 围墙perimeter zone 周边区域period 周期peripheral stress 圆周应力periphery 周围perlite 珍珠岩perlite concrete 珍珠岩混凝土perlite mortar 珍珠岩灰浆permafrost 永冻土带permanent construction 永久性结构permanent deflection 永久变位permanent deformation 残余变形permanent hardness 永久硬度permanent load 固定负载permanent moment 固定矩permanent position 固定位置permanent set 残余变形permanent shuttering 永久式模板permanent stream 常流permanent structure 永久性结构permeability 渗透性permeability apparatus 渗透装置permeability coefficient 渗透系数permeability of soil 土壤渗透性permeability reducing admixture 减渗外加剂permeable groyne 透水折劣permetallurigcal cement 炉渣水泥permissible deflection 允许挠度permissible load 容许荷载permissible stress 容许应力permissible stress method 容许应力法permissible velocity 容许速度permission 容许personnel job hoist 施工人员升降机perspective drawing 透视图pervibrator 插入式振捣器petroleum asphalt 石油沥青petroleum bitumen 石油沥青petroleum stove 石油火炉petroleum tar 石油焦油phantom drawing 透视图phase 相phenolic resin cement 酚醛尸水泥phenomena 现象photo elastic analysis 光弹性分析photo elastic test 光弹性试验photoelasticity 光弹性photograph 相片photometer 光度计photosynthesis 光合酌phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 不承压地下水piano wire concrete 钢弦混凝土pick dressing 风镐修琢picket fence 尖桩篱栅picknometer 比重瓶piece 一块piedroit 墙壁平柱pier 桥墩pier cap 墩帽pier construction 支柱结构pier foundation 墩基础pier head power station 堤头水力发电站piezoelectric pick up 压电拾声器piezometer 压力计piezometer tube 测压管piezometric head 测压管水头piezometric level 测压管水位pig iron 生铁piggery 猪圈pigment 色素pigmented finish 着色装饰pilaster 附壁柱pilaster face 半露柱面部pilaster side 半露柱边pile 堆pile after driving 二次打桩pile and cribwork foundation 桩木格笼基础pile and fascine revetment 桩木排护岸pile band 桩箍pile bent 桩排架pile cluster 桩群pile dolphin 桩式系船柱pile drawer 拨桩机pile driver 打桩机pile driving 打桩pile driving by vibration 振动打桩pile driving equipment 打桩设备pile driving formula 打桩公式pile driving frame 打桩架pile driving hammer 桩锤pile driving plant 打桩装置pile driving pontoon 打桩船pile driving rig 打桩装置pile extension 接桩pile extractor 拨桩机pile ferrule 桩箍pile follower 打桩帽pile footing 桩基础pile foundation 桩基础pile framing 桩框架pile grillage 桩格排pile group 桩群pile hammer 桩锤pile head 桩头pile helmet 桩盔pile hoop 桩箍pile jacking 顶桩pile jetting 水冲沉桩pile load capacity 桩荷载容量pile pedestal 桩台座pile pier 桩式桥墩pile positioning 桩定位pile ring 桩箍pile row 桩列pile shoe 桩靴pile sinking 打桩pile splicing 接桩pile stockage 桩列pile tip 桩头pile toe 桩头pile top 桩头piled quay 横栈桥码头pilework 桩结构piling 排桩pillar 柱pillar crane 塔式起重机pilot channel 子槽pilot cut 子槽pilot flame 引燃火焰pilot lamp 指领示灯pilot trench 子槽pilot tunnel 导洞pimple 小突起pin 针pin connected construction 销连接结构pin connection 销连接pin ended column 栓端柱pin joint 销连接pinch bar 橇杆pine 松树pinholes 小孔pioneer road 施工便道pipe 管pipe anchor 管锚pipe bender 弯管器pipe bending machine 弯管器pipe box 绝热管套pipe bridge 输送管桥pipe casing 桩套管pipe clamp 管夹pipe coil 蛇形管pipe column 管柱pipe cooler 管式冷却器pipe cutter 割管机pipe cutting machine 截管机pipe erector 管安装工人pipe fitter 管安装工人pipe hanger 管吊架pipe in pipe 管套管热交换器pipe insulation 管绝缘pipe joint 管子接头pipe lagging 管绝缘pipe laying 装管工程pipe lifting tongs 管吊装夹具pipe losses 管道损失pipe rigging 管诉pipe run 管道pipe section 管道pipe shell 管外壳pipe thread sealing tape 管螺纹嵌缝带pipe tonge 管子钳pipe tracer 管保护用电加热带pipe transport of concrete 混凝土管输送pipe vice 管子虎钳pipe welding machine 焊管机pipelayer 管道安装工pipeline 导管pipeline construction 管道施工pipeline conveyance 管道运送pipeline heating and refrigerating 热冷供应管线pipeline refrigerating 冷供应管线pipeline transport 管道运输pipemaking machine 制管机pipeway 管沟pipework 配管piping 配管piping diagram 管系图pise 泥土建筑piston 活塞piston pump 活塞式泵pit 地坑pit gravel 坑砾石pitch 间距;斜角pitch pocket 松脂孔pitch streak 松脂孔pitched roof 斜屋顶pitched work 砌石护坡pitching stone 铺砌片石pivot 轴颈;旋转轴pivoted window 旋转窗place 位置placeability 可灌筑性placement of concrete 浇灌混凝土placing 铺设placing boom 灌筑吊杆placing of concrete 浇灌混凝土placing sequence 灌筑次序placing train 灌筑列车plain bars 普通钢筋plain cement 清水泥plain concrete 无筋混凝土plain concrete column 无筋混凝土柱plain concreteconstruction 素混凝土结构plain girder 实腹梁plan 设计图plan view 平面图plane 平面;刨子plane cross section 水平断面plane frame 平面桁架plane of bending 弯曲平面plane of failure 破坏面plane of projection 投影面plane of section 切面plane of shear 剪断面plane of symmetry 对称面plane of weakness 薄弱截面plane sections hypothesis 平断面假定plane stress analysis 平面应力分析plane surface 平表面planing bench 刨台plank 板材plank floor 木板床planned stage construction 按计划建设planning 规划planning of houses 住宅计划planning permission 建筑许可planning standard specification 设计标准技术规范plant 工厂plant and process ventilation 工厂工程换气plant mix 厂拌混合料plant mixed concrete 厂拌混凝土plant room 机械设备间planting 绿化plasma 等离子体plaster 烧石膏plaster base 抹灰底层plaster concrete 石膏混凝土plaster mixer 灰泥混合器plaster mortar 粉刷用灰浆plaster mould 石膏模型plaster of cement 水泥抹灰plaster of paris 烧石膏plaster panel 石膏纤维板plaster rendering 粉刷plaster skin coat 抹灰面层plaster throwing machine 喷投灰泥机plaster work 抹灰工事plasterboard 石膏纤维板plastered wall 抹灰的墙plasterer 粉刷工plasterer's float 抹灰工抹子plasterer's hair 抹灰用毛发plasterer's trowel 抹灰泥刀plastering machine 喷投灰泥机plastic aggregates 塑胶集料plastic behavior 塑性动态plastic binder 塑性粘合剂plastic clay 可塑粘土plastic concrete 塑性混凝土plastic consistency 可塑稠度plastic consistency of concrete 混凝土塑性稠度plastic cracking 塑性开裂plastic deformation 塑性变形plastic design 塑性论设计plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡plastic flow 塑性怜plastic furniture 塑料家具plastic hinge 塑胶铰链plastic limit 塑性极限plastic moment 塑性力矩plastic mortar 塑性灰浆plastic paint 塑料涂料plastic pipe 塑料管plastic plywood 塑料胶合板plastic range 塑性范围plastic road 塑料公路plastic shrinkage 塑性收缩plastic shrinkage cracking 塑性收缩开裂plastic soil 塑性土壤plastic state 塑性状态plastic strain 塑性变形plastic window lights 塑料玻璃plasticity 塑性plasticity index 塑性值plasticity modulus 塑性模量plasticized cement 塑化水泥plasticizer 增塑剂plasticizing 塑化plasticizing agent 增塑剂plasticizing mineral powder 可塑性矿物粉末plastics 塑料plastics coating 塑料涂膜plastics finish 塑料涂膜plastification 塑性化platband 横带plate 板plate bending 板体弯曲plate girder 板梁plate girder bridge 板梁桥plate glass 平板玻璃plate type regenerator 板型换热器plate vibrator 振动板plated construction 板结构platform 站台;台架platform frame construction 平台式框架结构platform hoist 吊盘绞车platform ladder 椎台梯子plating 镀金playground 比赛场playing field 游戏场plaza 广场plenum duct 送气通道plenum heating 热风采暖plenum system 送气通风系统plinth 壁脚板plinth wiring 壁脚板配线plough 扫雪机;沟刨plow 扫雪机plug 塞子plug cock 塞嘴plug hole 排泄孔plug in connection 插入式连接plug socket 插座plug tap 塞嘴plug valve 塞嘴plugging leaks 堵渗漏plum 毛石块plumb line 铅垂线plumber's dope 管工蒙布漆plumbing 卫生管道工程plumbing fitting 管道配件plumbing fixtures 卫生七plumbing unit 卫生装备组合plumbing work 卫生管道工程plunger pump 滑阀泵ply 层plywood 胶合板plywood concrete forms 夹板混凝土模板plywood for structural use 结构用胶合板pneumatic caisson 压气排水沉箱pneumatic concrete placer 气动混凝土灌注机pneumatic conveying 气动输送pneumatic conveying of concrete 混凝土气力输送pneumatic conveying system 气动输送设备pneumatic drill 空气钻pneumatic feed 风动给料pneumatic hoist 气力升降机pneumatic pile hammer 气压桩锤pneumatic structure 充气结构pneumatic test 气压试验pneumatic tool 气动工具pneumatically applied mortar 喷射灰浆pneumatically operated concrete placer 气动混凝土灌注机pneumatically operated discharge gate 气动卸货门pneumatically placed concrete 喷混凝土pocket filter 袋状滤器point 点point block 塔式高层住宅point load 集中荷载point of application 酌点point of contraflexure 拐点point of support 支点point of zero moment 零力矩点pointed arch 尖拱pointed pediment 三角形檐饰poisson's ratio 泊松比poker vibrator 插入式振捣器polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩polder 围垦地pole 塔杆pole shore 支柱polish 抛光polishing 抛光pollutant 污染物质pollutant effluents 污染废水pollution 污染pollution load 污染负荷polyclinic 综合门诊所polyester 聚脂polyethylene 聚乙烯polyethylene coated craft paper 聚乙烯涂敷牛皮纸polygon 多边形polygon of forces 力多边形polymer 聚合物polymer cement concrete 聚合物水泥混凝土polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土polymer impregnated concrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土polymer modified cement mortar 聚合改性水泥灰浆polymer modified glass fiber reinforced concrete 聚合改性玻璃纤维加强混凝土polymer mortar 聚合物灰浆polystyrene board 聚苯乙烯板polystyrene foam balls 泡沫聚苯乙烯团块polystyrene foam concrete 泡沫聚苯乙烯混凝土polystyrene sheet 聚苯乙烯片polythene sheeting 聚乙烯料polyvinyl 聚乙烯polyvinyl acetateconcrete 聚醋酸乙烯脂混凝土pond 池pontoon bridge 舟桥pontoon crane 浮筒起重机pool fishway 水塘鱼道poor bearing stratum 低承载性地层poor concrete 贫混凝土poor quality concrete 劣质混凝土pop corn concrete 大孔状混凝土population density 人口密度population equivalent 人口当量porcelain 瓷器pore volume 孔隙容积pores 气孔porosity 多孔性porous aggregate 多孔集料porous brick 多孔砖porous concrete 多孔混凝土porous diffuser plate 多孔扩散板port 港口port construction 港口建设portable barrack 可移动的工portable derrick crane 轻便转臂起重机portable grinder 手提式砂轮机portable scaffold 可移动脚手架portable structure 移动式结构portable tank 移动式水箱portable welder 移动式焊接机portal 入口portal crane 门式起重机portal frame 龙门架portal framed building 门形杆框架建筑portal structures 门形结构portland blast furnace cement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥portland cement 波特兰水泥portland cement clinker 波特兰水泥熟料portland cement concrete 硅酸盐水泥混凝土portland masonry cement 圬工波特兰水泥portland pozzolan cement 火山灰硅酸盐水泥portland pozzolan concrete 火山灰硅酸盐水泥混凝土portland slag cement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥position 位置position head 位势水头positioning of beams 梁的定位positioning of tendons 钢筋束配置positive bending moment 正弯矩positive moment 正力矩positive reaction 正反力positive reinforcement 正钢筋post 接线柱post and beam construction 梁柱结构post and beam structure 梁柱结构post and panel structure 立柱镶板式结构post buckling strength 弯曲后强度post cracking strength 开裂后强度post footing 柱基脚post office 邮局post shore 支柱post stressed concrete 后张法预应力混凝土post tension unit 后张拉单元post tensionedconstruction 后张拉结构post tensioned steel 后张拉钢筋post tensioning 后张拉post tensioning field log 后张拉椎现场记录pot construction 壶形结构pot floor 壶形楼面pot sink 洗涤盆potable water supply 饮水供给potential 潜力potential head 位势水头pothole 窝穴pour point 零poured concrete 灌浇混凝土poured in place concrete 现场浇筑混凝土pouring in lifts 层段浇灌powder 粉末powdered asphalt 粉状地沥青power 力power bender 动力钢筋弯曲机power conduit 水压管power consumption 动力消耗power dam 发电站拦水坝power float 机动抹板power house 发电厂power operated bush hammer 动力操卒石锤power plant 电站power shovel 机械铲power supply source 动力供应源power trowel 动力抹刀pozzolan 火山灰pozzolan cement 火山灰水泥pozzolanic aggregate 火山灰质集料pozzolanic materials 火山灰质材料practice ground 试验用地prap 接线柱pratt truss 普腊桁架prc 预应力钢筋混凝土pre post tensionedconcrete 先张后张混凝土pre post tensioning 先张后张拉preaerator 预曝气装置precast concrete 预制混凝土precast concrete building 预制混凝土建筑物precast concrete cladding panel 预制混凝土骨架填充板材护墙板precast concrete connection details 预制混凝土连接机构详图precast concrete construction 预制混凝土构造precast concrete house 预制混凝土房屋precast concrete industry 预制混凝土工业precast concrete panel 预制混凝土墙板precast construction 预制工程precast factory 预制混凝土厂房precast floor 装配式地板precast member 预制混凝土构件precast nailable concrete plank 预制可受钉的混凝土板precast panel construction 预制的护墙板建筑物precast pile 预制桩precast prestressed concrete unit 预制预应力混凝土单元precast reinforced concrete 预制钢筋混凝土precast reinforced concrete construction 装配式钢筋混凝土结构precast structural concrete 预制结构用混凝土precast unit 预制混凝土构件precasting 预制构件precasting machine 预制机precasting yard 预制工住precipitation 降雨precision 精密度precision air conditioning 精密空气第prefab form 预制模板prefabricated building 装配式房屋prefabricated costruction 预制装配式结构prefabricated form 预制装配式模壳prefabricated heat insulatio 预成形绝缘层prefabricated house 预制装配式房屋prefabricated housing 预制装配式住宅建筑prefabricated panel 预制墙板prefabricated prestressed concrete beam 装配式预制钢筋混凝土梁prefabricated reinforced concrete 预制钢筋混凝土prefabricated reinforced concrete pile 装配式钢筋混凝土桩prefabricated structural element 预制结构构件prefabricated unit 预制构件prefabricated window wall unit 预制窗口墙单元prefabrication 预制法prefiring 预热试验preformed insulation 预成形绝缘层preformed pile 预制桩preheat coil 预热器preheater 预热器preheating 预热preliminary clarificationtank 初步澄清池preliminary cube test 立方体初步试验preliminary design 初步设计preliminary drawings 初步设计图preliminary specifications 预制的施工说明preliminary treatment 预先处理preload construction of tank 预加荷载贮槽工程premature failure 过早损坏premature stiffening 瞬间凝佶premixed 预先拌合的prepackaged concrete 预填集料混凝土prepacked aggregate concrete 预填集料混凝土prepacked concrete 预填集料混凝土preparation 准备preparatory construction 准备工程preplaced aggregate concrete 预填集料混凝土prescribed mix 给定混合preservation 保存press 压床pressed bend 压制弯管pressed concrete 压制混凝土pressed glass 压制玻璃pressed sheet steel 压制的钢板材pressostat 恒压器pressure 压力pressure against the ends 端部压力pressure balancing 压力均衡pressure control valve 压力第阀pressure controller 压力第器pressure distribution 压力分布pressure equalizing 压力均衡pressure filter 压力滤罐pressure filtration 加压过滤pressure gauge 压力计pressure grouting 压力灌浆pressure gun 压力枪pressure line 压力线pressure load 压力负荷pressure loss factor 压力损失系数pressure pile 压入桩pressure pipeline 加压管路pressure regulator 压力第器pressure relief valve 减压安。

无绳电话iris中文说明书一、安装及充电:首先将电源适配器插入主机底座(中间有一个小按键的底座),底座有两个接口,右边电话图标的接电话线,左边插头图标接电源,连接好插座后,电话机打开电池盖装入两节7号充电电池,插入底座充电12小时以上(电话机插上底座能充电,屏幕显示IRIS 1 右上角的信号灯不闪动，就是安装正常了.如果显示的不是IRIS ,请检查主机座电源是不是接好.)二、新机出厂默认菜单是意大利文，请先换成英文菜单，换菜单方法：按MENU,下翻两次（Portatile）,屏幕按OK确认,下翻7次,屏幕出现Lingua,按OK确认,下翻14次就是English,按OK确认.按挂机键返回.三、电话系统操作1）接听电话：拿起手机，按绿色通话键开始交谈，(如果设置成自动接听,拿起来就会接通) 再按红色挂机键挂机。

2）拔打电话：按话筒键开机，输入所拔号码即可;也可按手机拨号方式:先输入要拨的号码,再按话筒键开机.通话完按挂机键挂机。

3）重播电话：按▲键，再按▲、▼键翻查您最近拨出的10组电话号码.按话筒键开机则自动拔出您要拨的号码。

可按子机最左下角的小喇叭键进行免提通话,再按一次则回到常态4 )呼叫：按座机上的圆形键，所有手机就会发出蜂鸣声。

再按一次此键即停5 ) 通话音量：在通话状态下按▲、▼键调节耳机音量大小(共5级可调)。

6 ) 子机开关：在通常状态下按住R键5秒,则子机关闭.同样操作则子机开启.。

7 ) 键盘锁: 在通常状态下长按住*号键1秒,则子机键盘锁死,再按任意键会显示PRESS *长按一次*键则子机键盘开启8) 子机间通话与转接: （以下只限子母机使用，单机以下功能无效）按1号子机右下角INT键再按2则2号子机鸣叫,此时按2号子机话筒键则可进行双方通话.反之亦然.转接电话操作同前,只是当2号子机鸣叫且按了话筒键后,1号子机须按话筒键关机方可将电话转接到2号子机上.三方通话：当有电话进来后，A机接听后，需要同B机的人一起听电话内容一起说话，可使用三方通话功能，具体方法是：电话进来后，A机接听后，短按int键，再按B机子机号，此时，B机会响铃，B机接听后，A机可听到B机说话，此时B机仅能听到A机说话，不能听到外线说话。

o ring 圆形截面环oak 栎树oakum 麻絮obelisk 方尖碑object 对象object of construction production 工程项目oblique butt joint 斜对接oblique projection 斜投影oblique scarf 斜接榫oblique section 斜截面obscured glass 毛面玻璃observation 观测observation light 碍航物灯标observation of the work 操奏视observation point 观测点observational data 观测资料occupancy 居住occupancy load 收容能力;居住载荷occupancy rate 居住率occupant space requirements 居住空间标准occupants 居住者occupied zone 实占地域ocher 袅ochre 袅ocrate process 四氟化硅处理ocrated concrete 四氟化硅混凝土oder suppression 臭气排除odor 臭气odor control 四氟化硅处理odorimeter 气味计odour 臭气off center load 偏心荷重off formwork concreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off grade size 不合格粒径off ground hauler 越野土运机off loading ramp 卸载斜坡道off peak electric heating 非峰期电供热off peak load 非峰值负载off peak period 非高峰时间off set joints 错缝off shore boring 海底钻探off shutteringconcreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off the site work 现场外工作office 机关office building 办公楼office furniture 办公室设备offset 突层offset bend 迂回管弯头offset yield strength 条件屈服强度offshore boring island 钻井平台offshore structures 海上结构物offstream storage 停运贮藏池ogee s形曲线ogee arch 葱形拱ogee curve s形曲线ohio cofferdam 俄亥俄围堰oil 油oil bath air filter 油浴空气过滤器oil buffer 液压缓冲器oil fired heater 烧油空气加热器oil fired heating system 烧油供热系统oil paint 油漆oil pipeline 油管oil stain 油蚀oil trap 集油器oil washed air cleaner 油浴空气过滤器oil well cement 油井水泥omnia concrete floor 咬封混凝土楼板omnia concrete plank 咬封混凝土板on job laboratory 工地实验室on off valve 双位阀on site connection 就地连接once through water supplysystem 单柳水系统ondol 炕one brick wall 单砖墙one centered arch 单心拱one coat work 单层粉刷one component material 单一性材料one degree system 单自由度系统one family dwelling 单户住宅one hand block 小型砌块one hand tile 小型砌块one hinged arch 单铰拱one off design 专用设计one off houses 临时房屋one pass aeration tank 单道曝气池one pipe circulation 单管式循环one pipe heating system 单管供热系统one pipe loop system 单管环路系统one pipe system 单管系统one room dwelling 单间住宅one roomed flat 单间公寓one side welding 单面焊one sided connection 单面连接one span two hinged frame 单跨度双铰接框架one storey house 单层房屋one way slab 单向配筋板one way street 单行道one way system 单向配筋方式one way valve 单向阀onramp 斜坡弯道opal glass 乳色玻璃opaque ceramic glazed tile 不透谜瓷釉瓷砖open air intake works 无压取水结构open air plant 露天装置open air water power plant 开启式水力发电站open boarding 开缝铺板法open box section 敞开箱形构造截面open caisson 沉井open caisson foundation 沉井基础open cornice 敞檐open cut tunneling 泌隧道工程open deck car park 开敞式停车建筑物open distribution 开启分送open ditch drainage 排水玫open drain 排水玫open drainage 排水玫open eaves 敞檐open expansion tank heating system 自由膨胀水箱式供热系统open floor 露瞄栅楼板open frame girder 空腹桁架梁open hood 开口式通气罩open joint 渺open mortise 开口榫眼open newel stair 露眯柱旋梯open pan mixer 敞口盘式混合料open parking structure 开敞式停车建筑物open pier construction 空架式突堤结构open piping 外露管道open pit 露天开采坑open plan 开敞布置open return steam heatingsystem 直接蒸汽供热系统open riser stair 露盲步楼梯open roof 露幂顶open section 开口断面open sheathing 版面疏松的衬板open sheeting 版面疏松的衬板open slating 疏铺石板open space 空地open stairway 露氓梯open steam heating system 直接蒸汽供热系统open storage area 露天堆场open storage ground 露天堆场open storm drainage 露藐水排水沟open tendering 公开招标open territory 空旷地区open timber floor 露木楼板open timbering 版面疏松的衬板open traverse 开路导线open type exhaust canopy 开式排气雨棚open valley 屋面天沟open vent 开式通风口open web 空腹open web girder 空腹大梁open web steel joist 空腹钢铁托梁open well 露幂井open well stair 露幂井楼梯open wharf 透空式码头open wiring 眠布线opening 孔opening bridge 开合桥opening light 开敞式窗洞opening of bids 开表openwork jetty 透空式码头opera house 歌剧院operable partition 开闭式间壁operable transom 开敞式气窗operable wall 开闭式间壁operating floor 操专operation 操作operation drawing 加工图operation schedule 椎程序operational range 操锥围operational waste 操耗operator 操妆optical sag 视光垂度optical square 光学直角器optimal design 优化设计optimization 最优化optimum city size 最佳城市大小optimum condition 最佳条件optimum design 最佳设计opus latericium 嵌砖混凝土墙opus quadratum 方石筑墙or equal specification 被承认等同的技术条件orbit 轨道orchard garden 果园order 柱型式样order of technicalassignment 技术任务指令orderly constructionterritory 有次序的工程地区ordinary concrete 普通混凝土ordinary construction 一般构造ordinary dense concrete 普通密实的混凝土ordinary lime mortar 普通灰浆ordinary portland cement 普通硅盐水泥ordinary red brick 普通红砖ordinary reinforcedconcrete 普通钢筋混凝土ordinary structural concrete 普通结构混凝土ordinate 纵坐标ordnance bench mark 水准基点organic binder 有机粘结剂organic content 有机质含量organic impurity 有机不洁物organic silt 有机质淤泥organic test 有机物试验organic wastes 有机废水organism of production 生产组织organization 机构oriel 凸窗oriental type park 东方式公园orientation of building 房屋定位orifice meter 孔极量计orifice tube test 坍落度筒测定origin of force 着力点original cross sectional area 起始横截面面积original drawing 原图ornament 装饰ornamental architecture 盛饰建筑ornamental concrete 装饰混凝土ornamental concrete finishing 装饰混凝土修整ornamental forest 风景林ornamental glass 装饰玻璃ornamental motif 装饰肘ornamental panelling 装饰镶板ornamental part 装饰配件orthogonal anisotropic plate 正交蛤异性板orthogonal projection 正投影orthography 正投影orthotropic plate 正交蛤异性板orthotropic structures 正交蛤异性结构oscillating machinery 振动机械oscillating screen 振动筛oscillation 振动oscillation conveyor 振荡式输送机osmose 渗透ossature 骨胳out port 外港outbuilding 附属房屋outdoor air 外伸架临时顶撑outdoor air inlet 外部空气outdoor exposure test 野外曝露试验outdoor furniture 户外七outdoor installation 户外装置outdoor paint 室外用油漆outdoor power station 开启式水力发电站outdoor powerhouse 开启式水力发电站outdoor temperature 室外温度outer court 外院outer door 外门outer fiber 外部纤维outer forces 外力outer harbor 外港outer lining 外门窗框outer slope 外侧坡度outer string 楼梯外侧小梁outer support 外支座outer wall 外墙outfall 排水口outfit 装置outflow channel 泄水渠outhouse 屋外厕所outlay of production 生产经费outlet box 引出箱outlet opening 排出口outlet tunnel 排水隧道outline 轮廓outline drawing 轮廓图outline of house 房屋轮廓outline specification 一般技术规格outmost fiber 外部纤维output data 输出数据outrigger 外伸架outrigger base 悬臂板outrigger scaffold 排出脚手架outrigger shore 外伸架临时顶撑outside air 外部空气outside air opening 外部空气通道outside architrave 外门窗框outside casing 外门窗框outside coating 外部涂刷outside column 外部柱outside corner moulding 角条outside door 外门outside film coefficient 外表面传热系数outside finish 外饰面outside foundation line 外部地基线outside glazing 外部装配玻璃outside scaffolding 外部脚手架outside temperature 室外温度outside wall 外墙outside window 外部窗outstreet 郊区outwork 野外椎oval arch 椭圆形拱oven 炉ovendry wood 烘干木材over dwelling 居住区过密over mortared concrete mix 多灰浆混凝土混合料overall coefficient of heat transfer 总传热系数overall depth of section 截面总高度overall dimensions 综合尺寸overall height 总高度overall length 总长overall size 总尺寸overbridge 天桥overburden 复盖层overburden excavator 剥土电铲overburden pressure 积土压力overburden stripping 覆盖层剥除overcrossing 上跨交叉overcrowded city 挤集型城市overcrowding 拥挤过度overdesign 超裕度设计结构overdeveloped city 过度发展的城市overdevelopment 地下水池的枯燥overdosage 超量配料overfall gap 溢水口overflow dam 溢劣overflow pipe 溢淋overflow stand 溢淋overground part 地上部分overhand work 从内墙砌砖overhang 悬突体overhaul 大修overhead crane 高架起重机overhead crane girder 桥式吊车梁overhead distribution 架空配电overhead door 升降门overhead heating system 上分式供热系统overhead illumination 天花板照明overhead line 架空线路overhead pipeline 架空管道overhead water storagetank 高架蓄水箱overhead welding 仰焊overhead wire 架空线路overhead work 高空工作overhung door 悬挂式推拉门overlap 重迭overlapping constructionschedule 综合施工进度表overlay paper 混凝土覆盖纸overload 过载overload limiter 超载限制器overload protection 过载保护overlying ground 上面覆盖overpass 上跨桥overpass for pedestrians 高架人行道overpressure protection 超压防护oversailing course 挑出砖层oversanded mix 多砂混合料oversite concrete 地基混凝土板层overslabbing 混凝土板铺路overstressing 超限应力overstretching 超限应力overturning moment 倾覆力矩overvibration 过度振动owner 甲方owner architectagreement 所有人和建筑师合同owner contractoragreement 所有人和承包人合同owner's inspector 甲方检查员oxidation capacity 氧化能力oxidation column 氧化塔oxidation lagoon 氧化池oxidation pond 氧化池oxide 氧化物oxidized linseed oil 氧化亚麻油oxyacetylene cuttingtorch 氧快切割机oxychloride cement 氯氧水泥oxygen 氧oxygen deficit 缺氧oxygenator 氧合器ozonation 臭氧处理ozonator 臭氧化发生器ozone 臭氧ozone treatment 臭氧处理ozonized air 缺氧ozonizing chamber 臭氧化窒pack 束package dealer 总承包者packaged air conditioner 小型空气第器packaged boiler 移动式锅炉packaged buildingprogram 综合建筑计划packaged concrete 包装混凝土packed heat insulation 填充式绝热packed joint 堵塞接缝packing 填满packless valve 无填料阀pad 承梁垫石padding 涂底漆paddle 小闸门paddle aerator 叶轮式曝气器paddle loader 桨叶式装载机paddle mixer 桨叶式搅拌机padlock 挂锁padstone 承梁垫石pagoda 塔pail 水桶paint 颜料paint base 油漆打底paint blaster 涂料喷雾器paint brush 漆刷paint gun 喷漆枪paint ingredient 涂料成分paint kettle 油漆锅paint peeling 涂漆层剥皮paint pot 油漆锅paint roller 漆滚筒paint spray gun 喷涂枪paint spraying 喷漆paint spraying machine 喷漆机painter's hand tools 漆工手工具painting 涂油漆painting work 涂装工作pair of doors 双门palace 宫殿palatial architecture 宫殿式建筑pale 桩palette knife 但刀paling 栏栅palisade 栏栅pallet 但板palletized load 架装荷载pan 铰链孔pan floor 盘式楼板pan humidifier 盘式加湿器pan mixer 盘状拌和机pane 窗玻璃pane of glass 门墙玻璃块panel 镶板panel air system 嵌入式空气系统panel built house 预制墙板式房屋panel construction 壁板式构造panel cooler 板式冷却器panel cooling 嵌入式降温panel door 镶板门panel heating 板壁供热panel lighting 格式照明panel load 节点载荷panel node 节点panel point 节点panel radiator 嵌入式散热器panel shuttering 镶板式模壳panel strip 嵌条panel type house 预制墙板式房屋panel wall 幕墙panel work 镶板工作panelled ceiling 格子平顶panelling 镶板pantile 波形瓦pantry 备餐间paper 纸paper backed lath 用纸鬃层的板条paper board 纸板paper filter 纸过滤器paper form 纸模papering 糊纸parabola 抛物线parabolic arch 抛物线拱parabolic curve 抛物曲线parabolic girder 抛物线梁parabolic shell 抛物线状薄壳paraffin 蜡parallel chord truss 平行弦桁架parallel flow heatexhanger 并两热交换器parallel lay rope 顺扭交绳parallel stair 平行楼梯parallel swivel benchvice 平行轮轴钳工台虎钳parallel wire unit 平行钢丝束parallelepiped 平行六面体parallelism 平行parallelogram 平行四边形parallelogram of forces 力平行四边形parameter 参数parapet 女儿墙parent matrix 原结合料pargeter 灰泥工paring chisel 消錾park 公园park architecture 公园建筑parker truss 帕克式桁架parking area 停车场parking lot 停车场parking place 停车场parking tower 塔式停车处parkway 林荫干道parlour 接待室parquet 拼花地板parquet block 镶木地板条块parquet floor 镶木地板part 零件part drawing 零件图part in bending 受弯部分part in compression 受压部分part in tension 受拉部分part swing shovel 部分旋转式电铲partial air conditioning 局部空调partial cover plate 部分盖板partial prestressing 部分的预应力partial safety factors 部分安全系数partially drowned weir 局部潜堰partially prestressedcomposite construction 部分预应力组合结构partially separatesystem 部份分僚水系统particle 粒子particle board 碎木板particle shape 颗粒形状particle size 粒子大小particle size analysis 粒度分析particle size distribution 粒径分布particle size distribution curve 粒度分布曲线parting agent 脱模隔离涂料partition 隔板partition beam 隔壁梁partition block 隔墙块partition board 隔墙板partition tile 隔壁用花砖partition wall of glass bricks 玻璃块间壁party wall 共用隔墙pass 通道passage 通道passageway 通道passenger elevator 乘客电梯passenger flow 旅客怜passenger lift 乘客电梯passive earth pressure 被动地压paste 软膏paste content 浆状物含量paste paint 厚漆paste volume 浆状物含量pat 试饼pat mortar 扁饼灰泥patand 地梁patching 补坑patching compound 修补混合料patching mix 修补混合料patent glazing 无油灰装玻璃paternoster 链斗式升降机path of seepage 渗哩路patio 庭院patten 柱基础patter 抹板pattern 模型pattern decoration 花样装饰patterned finish 花纹装修patterned paper 花纹纸patternmaker 制模工人paumelle 可折较链paved median 铺面中央分隔带paved shoulders 铺砌的路肩pavement 铺装pavement base 铺路基础pavement concrete 路面混凝土pavement design 路面设计pavement marking machine 路面标线机pavement overlay 路面罩面pavement saw 铺面锯机pavement slab 铺路板paver 混凝土搅拌摊铺机paver's hammer 铺砌工锤pavilion 展览馆分管凉亭pavilion roof 攒尖式屋顶paving asphalt 铺路沥青paving blocks 铺面块体paving brick 铺地砖paving flag 铺路石板paving slab 铺路板paving stone 铺路石paving train 联合铺路机pea gravel 豆粒砾石pea gravel grout 豆砾石薄浆pea grit 豆粒砾石pea shingle 豆粒砾石peak arch 尖拱peak demand 最大需要量peak discharge 最大量peak load 最大载荷peak stress 高最大应力pearl 珍珠pearlite 珍珠岩peasant market 农民市场peat 泥炭peat brick 泥炭砖peat soil 泥沼质土peaty soil 泥沼质土pebble 砾石pebble clarifier 砾石清净器pebble dash 小卵石涂抹pedestal 柱脚pedestal foot 大放脚pedestrian bridge 人行桥pedestrian guard rail 人行道栏杆pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian protection 行人保护装置pedestrian railing 人行桥栏杆pedestrian subway 人行隧道pedestrian traffic 行人交通pediment 人形墙peeling 剥皮peference mark 基准点peg 短桩pegging out 定界pell mell construction 抛筑pelleted mineral wool 颗粒状矿棉penalty 罚款penalty clause 违约罚金条款pencil 束pencil rod 细钢杆pendence 斜度pendentive dome 三角穹圆顶pendentives 穹隅pendulum 振子pendulum bearing 摇摆式支座pendulum saw 摆锯penetrability 透入性penetration 贯穿penetration probe 贯穿探针penetration test 贯入试验penetration treatment 浸透处理penning gate 直升式泄水闸门penstock 水压管pentagon 五角形penthouse 小棚屋penthouse apartment 屋顶公寓pentroof 单坡屋顶penumbra 半影percent compaction 压实百分数percent fines 细粒含量百分率percent of elongation 伸张度percent of void 孔隙率percentage by volume 体积百分率percentage by weight 重量百分比percentage reinforcement 配筋比率percolating water 渗透水percolation 渗漏percolation gauge 渗透计percussion drill hammer 冲魂锤percussion drilling 冲魂percussion penetration method 撞会入法perennial stream 常流perforated brick 有孔砖perforated casing well 滤管井perforated ceiling board 穿孔天花板perforated plate 凿孔板perforated wall 穿孔墙performancecharacteristic 工棕性performance test 性能试验perimeter 周边perimeter beam 圈梁perimeter grouting 周边管浆perimeter heating 周边供热perimeter wall 围墙perimeter zone 周边区域period 周期peripheral stress 圆周应力periphery 周围perlite 珍珠岩perlite concrete 珍珠岩混凝土perlite mortar 珍珠岩灰浆permafrost 永冻土带permanent construction 永久性结构permanent deflection 永久变位permanent deformation 残余变形permanent hardness 永久硬度permanent load 固定负载permanent moment 固定矩permanent position 固定位置permanent set 残余变形permanent shuttering 永久式模板permanent stream 常流permanent structure 永久性结构permeability 渗透性permeability apparatus 渗透装置permeability coefficient 渗透系数permeability of soil 土壤渗透性permeability reducingadmixture 减渗外加剂permeable groyne 透水折劣permetallurigcal cement 炉渣水泥permissible deflection 允许挠度permissible load 容许荷载permissible stress 容许应力permissible stressmethod 容许应力法permissible velocity 容许速度permission 容许personnel job hoist 施工人员升降机perspective drawing 透视图pervibrator 插入式振捣器petroleum asphalt 石油沥青petroleum bitumen 石油沥青petroleum stove 石油火炉petroleum tar 石油焦油phantom drawing 透视图phase 相phenolic resin cement 酚醛尸水泥phenomena 现象photo elastic analysis 光弹性分析photo elastic test 光弹性试验photoelasticity 光弹性photograph 相片photometer 光度计photosynthesis 光合酌phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 不承压地下水piano wire concrete 钢弦混凝土pick dressing 风镐修琢picket fence 尖桩篱栅picknometer 比重瓶piece 一块piedroit 墙壁平柱pier 桥墩pier cap 墩帽pier construction 支柱结构pier foundation 墩基础pier head power station 堤头水力发电站piezoelectric pick up 压电拾声器piezometer 压力计piezometer tube 测压管piezometric head 测压管水头piezometric level 测压管水位pig iron 生铁piggery 猪圈pigment 色素pigmented finish 着色装饰pilaster 附壁柱pilaster face 半露柱面部pilaster side 半露柱边pile 堆pile after driving 二次打桩pile and cribwork foundation 桩木格笼基础pile and fascine revetment 桩木排护岸pile band 桩箍pile bent 桩排架pile cluster 桩群pile dolphin 桩式系船柱pile drawer 拨桩机pile driver 打桩机pile driving 打桩pile driving by vibration 振动打桩pile driving equipment 打桩设备pile driving formula 打桩公式pile driving frame 打桩架pile driving hammer 桩锤pile driving plant 打桩装置pile driving pontoon 打桩船pile driving rig 打桩装置pile extension 接桩pile extractor 拨桩机pile ferrule 桩箍pile follower 打桩帽pile footing 桩基础pile foundation 桩基础pile framing 桩框架pile grillage 桩格排pile group 桩群pile hammer 桩锤pile head 桩头pile helmet 桩盔pile hoop 桩箍pile jacking 顶桩pile jetting 水冲沉桩pile load capacity 桩荷载容量pile pedestal 桩台座pile pier 桩式桥墩pile positioning 桩定位pile ring 桩箍pile row 桩列pile shoe 桩靴pile sinking 打桩pile splicing 接桩pile stockage 桩列pile tip 桩头pile toe 桩头pile top 桩头piled quay 横栈桥码头pilework 桩结构piling 排桩pillar 柱pillar crane 塔式起重机pilot channel 子槽pilot cut 子槽pilot flame 引燃火焰pilot lamp 指领示灯pilot trench 子槽pilot tunnel 导洞pimple 小突起pin 针pin connectedconstruction 销连接结构pin connection 销连接pin ended column 栓端柱pin joint 销连接pinch bar 橇杆pine 松树pinholes 小孔pioneer road 施工便道pipe 管pipe anchor 管锚pipe bender 弯管器pipe bending machine 弯管器pipe box 绝热管套pipe bridge 输送管桥pipe casing 桩套管pipe clamp 管夹pipe coil 蛇形管pipe column 管柱pipe cooler 管式冷却器pipe cutter 割管机pipe cutting machine 截管机pipe erector 管安装工人pipe fitter 管安装工人pipe hanger 管吊架pipe in pipe 管套管热交换器pipe insulation 管绝缘pipe joint 管子接头pipe lagging 管绝缘pipe laying 装管工程pipe lifting tongs 管吊装夹具pipe losses 管道损失pipe rigging 管诉pipe run 管道pipe section 管道pipe shell 管外壳pipe thread sealing tape 管螺纹嵌缝带pipe tonge 管子钳pipe tracer 管保护用电加热带pipe transport ofconcrete 混凝土管输送pipe vice 管子虎钳pipe welding machine 焊管机pipelayer 管道安装工pipeline 导管pipeline construction 管道施工pipeline conveyance 管道运送pipeline heating andrefrigerating 热冷供应管线pipeline refrigerating 冷供应管线pipeline transport 管道运输pipemaking machine 制管机pipeway 管沟pipework 配管piping 配管piping diagram 管系图pise 泥土建筑piston 活塞piston pump 活塞式泵pit 地坑pit gravel 坑砾石pitch 间距;斜角pitch pocket 松脂孔pitch streak 松脂孔pitched roof 斜屋顶pitched work 砌石护坡pitching stone 铺砌片石pivot 轴颈;旋转轴pivoted window 旋转窗place 位置placeability 可灌筑性placement of concrete 浇灌混凝土placing 铺设placing boom 灌筑吊杆placing of concrete 浇灌混凝土placing sequence 灌筑次序placing train 灌筑列车plain bars 普通钢筋plain cement 清水泥plain concrete 无筋混凝土plain concrete column 无筋混凝土柱plain concrete construction 素混凝土结构plain girder 实腹梁plan 设计图plan view 平面图plane 平面;刨子plane cross section 水平断面plane frame 平面桁架plane of bending 弯曲平面plane of failure 破坏面plane of projection 投影面plane of section 切面plane of shear 剪断面plane of symmetry 对称面plane of weakness 薄弱截面plane sections hypothesis 平断面假定plane stress analysis 平面应力分析plane surface 平表面planing bench 刨台plank 板材plank floor 木板床planned stageconstruction 按计划建设planning 规划planning of houses 住宅计划planning permission 建筑许可planning standardspecification 设计标准技术规范plant 工厂plant and processventilation 工厂工程换气plant mix 厂拌混合料plant mixed concrete 厂拌混凝土plant room 机械设备间planting 绿化plasma 等离子体plaster 烧石膏plaster base 抹灰底层plaster concrete 石膏混凝土plaster mixer 灰泥混合器plaster mortar 粉刷用灰浆plaster mould 石膏模型plaster of cement 水泥抹灰plaster of paris 烧石膏plaster panel 石膏纤维板plaster rendering 粉刷plaster skin coat 抹灰面层plaster throwing machine 喷投灰泥机plaster work 抹灰工事plasterboard 石膏纤维板plastered wall 抹灰的墙plasterer 粉刷工plasterer's float 抹灰工抹子plasterer's hair 抹灰用毛发plasterer's trowel 抹灰泥刀plastering machine 喷投灰泥机plastic aggregates 塑胶集料plastic behavior 塑性动态plastic binder 塑性粘合剂plastic clay 可塑粘土plastic concrete 塑性混凝土plastic consistency 可塑稠度plastic consistency ofconcrete 混凝土塑性稠度plastic cracking 塑性开裂plastic deformation 塑性变形plastic design 塑性论设计plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡plastic flow 塑性怜plastic furniture 塑料家具plastic hinge 塑胶铰链plastic limit 塑性极限plastic moment 塑性力矩plastic mortar 塑性灰浆plastic paint 塑料涂料plastic pipe 塑料管plastic plywood 塑料胶合板plastic range 塑性范围plastic road 塑料公路plastic shrinkage 塑性收缩plastic shrinkagecracking 塑性收缩开裂plastic soil 塑性土壤plastic state 塑性状态plastic strain 塑性变形plastic window lights 塑料玻璃plasticity 塑性plasticity index 塑性值plasticity modulus 塑性模量plasticized cement 塑化水泥plasticizer 增塑剂plasticizing 塑化plasticizing agent 增塑剂plasticizing mineralpowder 可塑性矿物粉末plastics 塑料plastics coating 塑料涂膜plastics finish 塑料涂膜plastification 塑性化platband 横带plate 板plate bending 板体弯曲plate girder 板梁plate girder bridge 板梁桥plate glass 平板玻璃plate type regenerator 板型换热器plate vibrator 振动板plated construction 板结构platform 站台;台架platform frame construction 平台式框架结构platform hoist 吊盘绞车platform ladder 椎台梯子plating 镀金playground 比赛场playing field 游戏场plaza 广场plenum duct 送气通道plenum heating 热风采暖plenum system 送气通风系统plinth 壁脚板plinth wiring 壁脚板配线plough 扫雪机;沟刨plow 扫雪机plug 塞子plug cock 塞嘴plug hole 排泄孔plug in connection 插入式连接plug socket 插座plug tap 塞嘴plug valve 塞嘴plugging leaks 堵渗漏plum 毛石块plumb line 铅垂线plumber's dope 管工蒙布漆plumbing 卫生管道工程plumbing fitting 管道配件plumbing fixtures 卫生七plumbing unit 卫生装备组合plumbing work 卫生管道工程plunger pump 滑阀泵ply 层plywood 胶合板plywood concrete forms 夹板混凝土模板plywood for structuraluse 结构用胶合板pneumatic caisson 压气排水沉箱pneumatic concreteplacer 气动混凝土灌注机pneumatic conveying 气动输送pneumatic conveying ofconcrete 混凝土气力输送pneumatic conveyingsystem 气动输送设备pneumatic drill 空气钻pneumatic feed 风动给料pneumatic hoist 气力升降机pneumatic pile hammer 气压桩锤pneumatic structure 充气结构pneumatic test 气压试验pneumatic tool 气动工具pneumatically appliedmortar 喷射灰浆pneumatically operatedconcrete placer 气动混凝土灌注机pneumatically operateddischarge gate 气动卸货门pneumatically placedconcrete 喷混凝土pocket filter 袋状滤器point 点point block 塔式高层住宅point load 集中荷载point of application 酌点point of contraflexure 拐点point of support 支点point of zero moment 零力矩点pointed arch 尖拱pointed pediment 三角形檐饰poisson's ratio 泊松比poker vibrator 插入式振捣器polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩polder 围垦地pole 塔杆pole shore 支柱polish 抛光polishing 抛光pollutant 污染物质pollutant effluents 污染废水pollution 污染pollution load 污染负荷polyclinic 综合门诊所polyester 聚脂polyethylene 聚乙烯polyethylene coated craftpaper 聚乙烯涂敷牛皮纸polygon 多边形polygon of forces 力多边形polymer 聚合物polymer cement concrete 聚合物水泥混凝土polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土polymer impregnatedconcrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土polymer modified cementmortar 聚合改性水泥灰浆polymer modified glass fiberreinforced concrete 聚合改性玻璃纤维加强混凝土polymer mortar 聚合物灰浆polystyrene board 聚苯乙烯板polystyrene foam balls 泡沫聚苯乙烯团块polystyrene foam concrete 泡沫聚苯乙烯混凝土polystyrene sheet 聚苯乙烯片polythene sheeting 聚乙烯料护板polyvinyl 聚乙烯polyvinyl acetate concrete 聚醋酸乙烯脂混凝土pond 池pontoon bridge 舟桥pontoon crane 浮筒起重机pool fishway 水塘鱼道poor bearing stratum 低承载性地层poor concrete 贫混凝土poor quality concrete 劣质混凝土pop corn concrete 大孔状混凝土population density 人口密度population equivalent 人口当量porcelain 瓷器pore volume 孔隙容积pores 气孔porosity 多孔性porous aggregate 多孔集料porous brick 多孔砖porous concrete 多孔混凝土porous diffuser plate 多孔扩散板port 港口port construction 港口建设portable barrack 可移动的工棚portable derrick crane 轻便转臂起重机portable grinder 手提式砂轮机portable scaffold 可移动脚手架portable structure 移动式结构portable tank 移动式水箱portable welder 移动式焊接机portal 入口portal crane 门式起重机portal frame 龙门架portal framed building 门形杆框架建筑portal structures 门形结构portland blast furnacecement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥portland cement 波特兰水泥portland cement clinker 波特兰水泥熟料portland cement concrete 硅酸盐水泥混凝土portland masonry cement 圬工波特兰水泥portland pozzolan cement 火山灰硅酸盐水泥portland pozzolanconcrete 火山灰硅酸盐水泥混凝土portland slag cement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥position 位置position head 位势水头positioning of beams 梁的定位positioning of tendons 钢筋束配置positive bending moment 正弯矩positive moment 正力矩positive reaction 正反力positive reinforcement 正钢筋post 接线柱post and beamconstruction 梁柱结构post and beam structure 梁柱结构post and panel structure 立柱镶板式结构post buckling strength 弯曲后强度post cracking strength 开裂后强度post footing 柱基脚post office 邮局post shore 支柱post stressed concrete 后张法预应力混凝土post tension unit 后张拉单元post tensionedconstruction 后张拉结构post tensioned steel 后张拉钢筋post tensioning 后张拉post tensioning field log 后张拉椎现场记录pot construction 壶形结构pot floor 壶形楼面pot sink 洗涤盆potable water supply 饮水供给potential 潜力potential head 位势水头pothole 窝穴pour point 零poured concrete 灌浇混凝土poured in place concrete 现场浇筑混凝土pouring in lifts 层段浇灌powder 粉末powdered asphalt 粉状地沥青power 力power bender 动力钢筋弯曲机power conduit 水压管power consumption 动力消耗power dam 发电站拦水坝power float 机动抹板power house 发电厂power operated bushhammer 动力操卒石锤power plant 电站power shovel 机械铲power supply source 动力供应源power trowel 动力抹刀pozzolan 火山灰pozzolan cement 火山灰水泥pozzolanic aggregate 火山灰质集料pozzolanic materials 火山灰质材料practice ground 试验用地prap 接线柱pratt truss 普腊桁架prc 预应力钢筋混凝土pre post tensioned concrete 先张后张混凝土pre post tensioning 先张后张拉preaerator 预曝气装置precast concrete 预制混凝土precast concrete building 预制混凝土建筑物precast concrete cladding panel 预制混凝土骨架填充板材护墙板precast concrete connection details 预制混凝土连接机构详图precast concrete construction 预制混凝土构造precast concrete house 预制混凝土房屋precast concrete industry 预制混凝土工业precast concrete panel 预制混凝土墙板precast construction 预制工程precast factory 预制混凝土厂房precast floor 装配式地板precast member 预制混凝土构件precast nailable concreteplank 预制可受钉的混凝土板precast panelconstruction 预制的护墙板建筑物precast pile 预制桩precast prestressed concreteunit 预制预应力混凝土单元precast reinforcedconcrete 预制钢筋混凝土precast reinforced concreteconstruction 装配式钢筋混凝土结构precast structuralconcrete 预制结构用混凝土precast unit 预制混凝土构件precasting 预制构件precasting machine 预制机precasting yard 预制工住precipitation 降雨precision 精密度precision airconditioning 精密空气第prefab form 预制模板prefabricated building 装配式房屋prefabricatedcostruction 预制装配式结构prefabricated form 预制装配式模壳prefabricated heatinsulatio 预成形绝缘层prefabricated house 预制装配式房屋prefabricated housing 预制装配式住宅建筑prefabricated panel 预制墙板prefabricated prestressedconcrete beam 装配式预制钢筋混凝土梁prefabricated reinforcedconcrete 预制钢筋混凝土prefabricated reinforcedconcrete pile 装配式钢筋混凝土桩prefabricated structuralelement 预制结构构件prefabricated unit 预制构件prefabricated window wallunit 预制窗口墙单元prefabrication 预制法prefiring 预热试验preformed insulation 预成形绝缘层preformed pile 预制桩preheat coil 预热器preheater 预热器preheating 预热preliminary clarificationtank 初步澄清池preliminary cube test 立方体初步试验preliminary design 初步设计preliminary drawings 初步设计图preliminaryspecifications 预制的施工说明preliminary treatment 预先处理preload construction oftank 预加荷载贮槽工程premature failure 过早损坏premature stiffening 瞬间凝佶premixed 预先拌合的prepackaged concrete 预填集料混凝土prepacked aggregateconcrete 预填集料混凝土prepacked concrete 预填集料混凝土preparation 准备preparatory construction 准备工程preplaced aggregate。

IRIS内审员培训教材一、引言1.1 简介IRIS（International Rlway Industry Standard）是国际铁路行业标准，是应用于铁路行业领域的标准体系，旨在为铁路运输领域的供应商提供内审员培训，以确保他们符合IRIS的要求。

本教材是为IRIS内审员培训而编写，旨在帮助内审员了解IRIS标准的要求和程序，并提供指导和实践案例，以加强他们的审计能力。

1.2 目标本培训教材的目标是： - 介绍IRIS标准的背景和目的； - 解释IRIS标准的要求和程序； - 提供内审员培训的方法和技巧； - 提供实践案例和练习题，以帮助内审员加强审计能力。

二、IRIS标准概述2.1 背景铁路行业是一个具有特殊要求和高风险的行业，因此需要建立一个适用于铁路运输供应商的标准体系。

IRIS标准是根据ISO 9001质量管理体系标准进行扩展，并根据铁路行业的特殊要求进行了调整和补充。

2.2 目的IRIS标准的目的是： - 提高铁路行业供应商的质量管理水平； - 促进铁路行业供应链的持续改进； - 加强供应商与铁路运营商之间的合作和沟通。

2.3 基本要求IRIS标准的基本要求包括： - 管理责任和承诺； - 质量管理体系的建立和实施； - 资源管理； - 产品实施和满足客户要求； - 持续改进；- 供应商评估和选择； - 内部审核和管理评审； - 培训和能力开发； - 环境和安全管理。

三、IRIS内审员培训3.1 内审员的角色和责任内审员是负责进行IRIS标准内部审核的人员，其主要角色和责任包括： - 规划、组织和执行内部审核； - 评估组织的质量管理体系的符合性； - 发现潜在的问题和机会； - 提供建议和改进方案。

3.2 培训内容和方法内审员的培训内容包括： - IRIS标准的要求和程序； - 内部审核的方法和技巧； - 报告编写和记录保存； - 面试和访谈技巧； - 审计计划和时间管理。

培训方法可以采用以下方式： - 理论讲解和知识传递； - 实践案例分析和讨论； - 模拟内审和角色扮演； - 小组讨论和合作学习。

国际铁路行业标准（IRIS）质量管理体系 - 要求提示：1.方框内的文字为ISO9001:2008的要求；2.方框外的文字为铁路行业增加的要求；3.在铁路行业增加的要求中，“必须（shall）”表示强制要求；“应当（should）”表示可选择的要求，要获得更高的成熟度时需要；“如（such as）”仅仅表示指南；小体字“注（Note）”的内容是用于理解和澄清相关要求的指南。

目录1 范围 (5)1.1 总则 (5)1.2 应用 (5)2 引用标准 (5)3 术语和定义 (6)4 质量管理体系 (6)4.1 总要求 (6)4.2 文件要求 (7)4.2.1 总则 (7)4.2.2 质量手册 (7)4.2.3 文件控制 (7)4.2.4 记录控制 (8)4.3 知识管理 (8)4.4 多现场项目的管理 (8)5 管理职责 (9)5.1 管理承诺 (9)5.2以顾客为关注焦点 (9)5.3 质量方针 (9)5.3.1 经营计划 (9)5.4 策划 (9)5.4.1 质量目标 (9)5.4.2 质量管理体系策划 (10)5.5 职责、权限和沟通 (10)5.5.1 职责与权限 (10)5.5.2 管理者代表 (10)5.5.3 内部沟通 (10)5.5.4 顾客关系管理 (11)5.6 管理评审 (11)5.6.1 总则 (11)5.6.2 评审输入 (11)5.6.3 评审输出 (12)6 资源管理 (12)6.1 资源提供 (12)6.2 人力资源 (12)6.2.1 总则 (12)6.2.2 能力、意识和培训 (13)6.2.2.1 产品设计能力 (13)6.2.2.2 员工激励和授权 (13)6.2.2.3 培训 (13)6.2.2.4 绩效管理 (13)6.3 基础设施 (14)6.4 工作环境 (14)6.5 应急计划 (14)7 产品实现 (15)7.1 产品实现的策划 (15)7.2 与顾客有关的过程 (15)7.2.1 与产品有关的要求的确定 (15)7.2.2 与产品有关的要求的评审 (16)7.2.3顾客沟通 (17)7.2.4 投标管理 (17)7.3设计和开发 (17)7.3.1设计和开发策划 (18)7.3.2 设计和开发输入 (18)7.3.3 设计和开发输出 (19)7.3.4设计和开发评审 (19)7.3.5 设计和开发验证 (20)7.3.6设计和开发确认 (20)7.3.7设计和开发更改的控制 (20)7.3.8 设计批准 (20)7.4 采购 (21)7.4.1 采购过程 (21)7.4.2采购信息 (21)7.4.3采购产品的验证 (22)7.4.4 供应链管理 (22)7.5 生产和服务提供 (23)7.5.1生产和服务提供的控制 (23)7.5.1.1 生产计划 (23)7.5.1.2 生产文件 (23)7.5.1.3 生产过程更改的控制 (24)7.5.1.4 设备和工装的控制 (24)7.5.2生产和服务提供过程的确认 (24)7.5.3标识和可追溯性 (25)7.5.4 顾客财产 (25)7.5.5 产品防护 (25)7.6监控和测量设备的控制 (26)7.7 项目管理 (26)7.7.1 综合管理 (26)7.7.2 范围管理 (26)7.7.3 时间管理 (27)7.7.4 成本管理 (27)7.7.5 质量管理 (27)7.7.6 人力资源管理 (27)7.7.7 沟通管理 (28)7.7.8 风险和机会管理 (28)7.8 技术状态管理 (28)7.9 首件鉴定(FAI) (28)7.10 调试／顾客服务 (29)7.11 RAMS/LCC (29)7.12 老化管理 (29)7.13 更改控制 (29)8 测量、分析和改进 (30)8.1 总则 (30)8.2 监视和测量 (30)8.2.1 顾客满意 (30)8.2.2 内部审核 (31)8.2.3 过程的监视和测量 (31)8.2.4产品的监视和测量 (31)8.3 不合格产品的控制 (32)8.3.1 不合格过程的控制 (32)8.3.2 顾客让步 (32)8.4数据分析 (32)8.5 改进 (33)8.5.1 持续改进 (33)8.5.2 纠正措施 (33)8.5.3预防措施 (33)1 范围1.1 总则1. 范围1.1 总则本标准为有下列需求的组织规定了质量管理体系要求：a)需要证实其有能力稳定地提供满足顾客和适用的法律法规要求的产品；b)通过体系的有效应用，包括体系持续改进的过程以及保证符合顾客与适用的法律法规要求，旨在增进顾客满意。

0.1 GeneralNo additional requirements0.2 Process approachWhenever this specification refers to “a process”, this process should be documentedand should be controlled by appropriate key performance indicators.0.3 Relationship with ISO 9004No additional requirements0.4 Compatibility with other management systemsNOTE 1 Although ISO 9001:2000 standard only provides requirements for quality management systems, these requirements are understood as requirements for a more general business management system. All processes shall be integrated in the business management system and controlled through appropriate key performance indicators (KPIs) and continuously improved.NOTE 2 With regard to Environment, Occupational Health & Safety (EH&S), a similar approach as defined in the present standard for business management system, may be developed in the future.Presently, it is recommended that the organization should establish, document, implement and maintain an EH&S management system and continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of the ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001 standards.Processes of the EH&S management system should include such management activities as provision of resources, product realization and performance measurement.Where an organization chooses to outsource any process that affects conformity with EH&S requirements, the organization should ensure control over such processes. Control of such outsourced processes should be identified within the EH&S managementWhere specific requirements regarding reliability, availability, maintainability and safety with respect to the design, verification, validation and approval process – including roles and methods – are applicable, e.g. through CENELEC EN 50126, 50128, 50129, it is expected that the processes of the company’s management system are designed to fulfil these standards0.5 Aim of this StandardThe aim of this Standard is the development of a business management system that provides for continual improvement, emphasizing defect prevention and reduction in the supply chain.Due to the importance of project business in the rail industry, special requirements are introduced herein for the management of projects. Whenever ISO 9001:2000 refers to product and product realization, these requirements are (when applicable) understood to also apply to a project and project realization.• 1 Scope范围• 1.1 General通则•- ISO requirements: ISO要求•This International Standard specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization•a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide product that meetscustomer and applicable regulatory requirements, and•b) aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable regulatory requirements.•NOTE In this International Standard, the term “product” applies to the product intended for, or required by, a customer.•本国际标准对一个组织的质量管理体系规定了各项要求:•a) 需要展示其有能力连续一贯地提供符合顾客需要和相应法规要求的产品，而且•b) 是通过对体系，包括体系的持续改进过程，的有效应用，以及保证满足顾客和相应法规要求来达到增进顾客满意的目的。

国际铁路行业标准（I R I S）知识宣传手册前言一直以来，公司按ISO9001的要求建立、完善质量管理体系，并建立了质量管理体系文件，公司的质量管理水平和产品质量也逐步完善和提高。

但随着市场经济竞争日趋复杂激烈，公司存在的多方面客观问题和困难制约着公司的快速发展，遵照中国南车总部的要求和部署，为进一步稳定和提升产品实物质量，提高公司核心竞争力，公司需尽快导入IRIS（国际铁路行业标准）作为快速发展的支撑点。

国际铁路行业标准（IRIS）集合了ALSTOM（阿尔斯通）、BOMBARDIER（庞巴迪）、SIEMENS（西门子）等国际各大公司优秀的管理模式，在ISO9001的基础上，注重投标管理、项目管理、成本管理、知识管理、供应链管理、RAMS/LCC管理等要求，因此，无论从外部环境的要求，还是公司内部自身质量管理水平发展的需要，公司均须按照IRIS标准要求对自身的质量管理体系进行针对性改进。

为使公司各部门、各级管理人员和作业人员在执行国际铁路行业标准（IRIS）过程中提高效率，确保公司质量管理体系的各个运行环节、各个层次区域都达到IRIS标准的要求，我们组织编印了《国际铁路行业标准（IRIS）知识宣贯材料》供大家学习参考。

由于我们的水平和经验有限，不妥之处，敬请大家指正并谅解。

目录第一章 IRIS基础知识 1一、IRIS简介 1二、IRIS的优点是什么？ 1三、IRIS标准与ISO9001标准不同之处 2第二章质量管理体系/铁路行业基本术语和定义8一、质量管理体系基本术语和定义8二、铁路行业基本术语和定义9三、缩略语10第三章 IRIS知识问答12一、IRIS由哪几部分组成？12二、ISO9001标准第4章到第8章涉及的主要内容是什么？IRIS新增了哪些主要内容？12三、IRIS要求建立的14个文件化程序/活动是什么？ISO9001要求建立的6个文件化程序是什么? 16四、IRIS要求建立的19个过程是什么？ISO9001要求建立的过程是什么？17五、IRIS要求对合同的外协、转包制定文件化程序，主要内容包括哪些？18六、知识管理的主要内容是什么? 19七、多现场管理的主要内容是什么？19八、如何进行顾客关系管理？19九、ISO9001标准中管理评审的输入信息有哪些？IRIS新增了哪些？20十、IRIS所指资源包括哪些？如何配备这些资源？20十一、IRIS“6.2.2能力、意识和培训”较ISO9001标准提出了更高的要求，主要内容包括哪些？20十二、如何做好投标管理？21十三、对设计和开发过程，IRIS如何进行有效控制？22十四、如何控制采购质量？24十五、IRIS对生产计划控制提出了哪些要求？26十六、IRIS7.7.5条款质量管理和广义的质量管理内容不同，主要包括哪些内容？26。

Table of Contents1.Introduction (1)1.1.What is IRIS (1)1.2.Getting Help with IRIS (1)1.3.On Screen Help and Navigation Menu (1)1.4.Logging In (2)2.Overview (3)2.1.The Home Page (3)er Preferences (4)3.Profile (6)3.1.General Information (6)3.2.Professional & Qualifications (8)3.3.Teaching (9)4.Research (10)4.1.Research Information (10)4.2.Publications (11)4.2.1.Add New Publications (11)4.2.2.Import /Export (14)4.2.3.Manage/Edit Existing Publications (15)5.Tools (17)5.1.Publish Profile to the Web (17)5.2.Download CVs (18)1.Introduction1.1.What is IRISIRIS (Institutional Research Information System) is a user-friendly, intuitive, web-based system that enables researchers and academic staff to create, update and maintain their own web profiles/CV’s and showcase their research expertise and research achievements to a global audience. Some features of the system include:•Pre-filled profile for all academics•Automatic updates from Web of Science, PubMed etc•Automatic updates from University systems including HR, Student Registration, Financial, Patent•Seamless integration with the University’s institutional open access repository ARAN •Feeds for staff profiles on websites•Multiple options for downloading information for your own use•Email alerts from IRIS to alert you of any new publications which IRIS has pulled from Web of Science, Pubmed etc into your IRIS profile•Easy-to-understand and noticeable help hints aid the user with all aspects of IRIS•Simplified publish your profile to the web•Automatically defaults any newly added publications (by claiming or input) to ‘Show All’/’Select All’ in the publish profile section•By default, all items are sorted in chronological order in the publish profile section1.2.Getting Help with IRISAlthough IRIS has been designed with ease of use in mind; this manual is provided to assist new users in getting started with creating their web profiles while also providing more in depth information of the system’s functionality.1.3.On Screen Help and Navigation MenuThe figure on the next page shows an overview of IRIS components:a)Navigation Menu: The Main Menu allows you to navigate between all sections ofIRIS.b)Help Hints: The Help Hints appear on the right hand side of each pagehighlighted in blue boxes. These handy, easy-to-understand hints, aid the userwith all aspects of the system.c)Action Column: The Actions Column offers you ways to update your Profileinformation.For further Information and assistance please contact the research office for support: **************************1.4.Logging InThe URL for IRIS is https://iris.nuigalway.ie/live/. Login using your standard Campus Account (UDS) username and password.2. Overview2.1.The Home PageThe Homepage of IRIS is a summary of your activities and profile. It is the first page which you see when you log into the system.There are four main sections to the Homepage :a) Your Profile:This contains the summary information which is kept on the system. By clicking on the Edit link, you are brought to General Information where you can update your profile accordingly. By clicking on View Published Profile , you will get a preview of what your profile looks like on your institute’s website; by clicking on Download Profile , your profile is downloaded as a Microsoft Office file. b) Search Profiles:Allows you to search your colleagues profiles and / or publications by keyword. c) Publications That May Be Yours:This section automatically displays publications which might be authored by you.d)Navigation Menu:The Main Menu allows you to navigate between all sections in the system.er PreferencesBefore entering any new publications, you need to record your Author Name and Keywords in the User Preference. These settings allow the system to match publications from the Web of Science and PubMed, among others. Only use your surname and initials, separated by spaces. Do not add any punctuation. Click on the Add / Save button to add / save each entry.The User Preference page has six sections which help you to establish your Profile. They are:a)List of Author Names:If you have other Author names and aliases, enter them in the text box and pressAdd. If you want to remove a name, click on the in the Action column.b)Search Keywords:Vidatum Academic can track publications and people which may be of interest toyou. Enter keywords and press Add to add to the list. If you want to remove aname, click on the in the Action column.c)ORCID Integration:If you are a member of the Open Researcher and Contributor ID Initiative(ORCID), please enter your ID here.d)Select Profile Theme (s):Selecting a profile theme will allow your profile to appear on theme-specificdepartmental and institute listings.e)Receive Alerts:Select ‘Yes’ if you would like to receive alerts from the system, includingreminders of unclaimed publications, and other communications from thesystem administrator. This is the recommended option.f)Automatically Add Publications:Select Yes if you would like IRIS to automatically default any newly addedpublications (by claiming or input) to ‘Show All’/’Select All’ in the publish profilesection. Please note that this will not automatically re-publish your profile butwill eliminate the need to select newly added items for publishing.Information Amendments Your primary contact details come from the HR system CORE and cannot be changed in IRIS. Please contact***************with the correct details. This data is loaded on a nightly basis to IRIS from CORE.3. Profile3.1.General InformationThe General Information section allows you to change your Profile details.a) Contact Information:The Contact Information section allows you to add and edit your details, either by clicking on the Add Link, or by using the links in the Action columns. When you click onthe Add link, you are brought to a page where you canadd your title, telephone, email, web address etcWhen you update your details, press Save at the bottom of the page. This information is listed in a table which can be deleted by using the delete link in the Action column.Profile PictureImages must be in JPG or GIF format (JPG ispreferred for photographs) and the file size must be less than 500K. Images from digital cameras must be scaled down by using image-editing software. However, you do not need to buy anything, as you can download several image-editing programs for free (e.g. GIMP, Google Picasa).b) Biography:The Biography section, on the General Information page gives you a summary of your biography. To edit it, press the Edit link and you are brought to the screen below. You can update and format your details with the text editor and press Save.c) Profile PictureThe Profile Picture section allows you to upload a JPEG or GIF image file with a maximum size of 500k. Click on Choose File, select your image and press Save.3.2.Professional & QualificationsThe Professional & Qualifications section contains ten categories which cover all areas of your professional life. When you click on the Add link for each category, you can update your information accordingly.The areas are:1.Honors & Awardsmittees 7. Languages3.Professional Associations4.Employment 8. Consultancy5.Patents & Licensing Agreementscation 9. Outreach Activities10. ReviewsWhen updating your Professional & Qualifications, click on the Add link in any category; you are brought to a page where you can input either mandatory or optional fields. See figure on the next page.3.3. TeachingThe Teaching section contains five categories.a) Teaching Interests:To update your teaching interests, click on the Edit link and enter, format your details and press Save . b) Modules coordinated:To update your Modules Coordinated, click on the Add link, enter your details and press Save . To edit this list, click on the edit link (spanner icon) in the Action column.c) Current Postgraduates (Research):Here you will find a list of all your current postgraduate students. Please note this information is pulled from the Yearly Progress Reports submitted from each college. If there is a record missing from this page, please contact the Helpdesk at **************************immediately for clarification. d) Current Postgraduates (Taught):To update your Current Postgraduates (Taught), click on the Edit link and enter, format your details and press Save . e) Recent Students:To update your Recent Students, click on the Edit link and enter, format your details and press Save .b4. Research4.1.Research InformationThe Research Information section contains five categories. They are:a) Research Interests:To update your Research interests, click on the Edit link. Enter and format your details and press Save .b) Research Interests for eProspectus:Please enter your research interests for the online postgraduate eprospectus - http://www.nuigalway.ie/findasupervisor/. This section will be feed out onto the public website for the postgraduate eprospectus. Please note you must also select your theme/subtheme from Preferences section of IRIS. c) Research Projects:The information which is seen here is populated by the institution’s Finance System Agresso. To manually add a project, select the Add link d) Contract Researchers:To update your Contract Researchers’ information, click on the Edit link and enter, format your details and press Save . e) Collaborators:To update your collaborators, click on the Edit link. You will be brought to a page where you can input your Internal and External Collaborators and press Save .acde4.2. PublicationsBefore entering any new publications, you need to record your Author Name and Keywords in the User Preference .These settings allow the system to match publications from the Web of Science, PubMed, and NUIG Co-authors.When you have entered a publication, you can see it listed in its specific category by clicking on the Publications link in the main menu. 4.2.1.Add New PublicationsTo add a publication to your Profile, click on the Add link which is beside the Publications tab in the main menu or click on the Add Publication icon in the Publications tab.Once you have clicked the Add link, you will be brought to the screen on the next page which allows you to Add New Publications . Here you can Reject Publications , Claim Publications or Manually Add Publications .a) The Publications Add link:The Publications Add link appears on the main menu at all times. You don’t have to be in the Publications section to see it. b) Reject & Claim Publications:The system is initially pre-populated with all your publications from previous research information systems where possible. These publications will appear on this page. You should initially review these publications for completeness and accuracy. To reject a publication, tick the item in question, and then press Reject Publication . To claim a publication, tick the item in question, and then press Claim Publication.c) Manually Adding a Publication:Once you have clicked the Add link, you will be brought to the screen on the nextpage.a. Publication Type:Select one of the types of Publication, e.g., Book, Journal, Published Reports etc. b. Mandatory Fields:These fields are Mandatory and can’t be left blank.c. Press Save to ensure that your selection will be added to your profile.4.2.2. Import /ExportTo import or export a publication to/from your Profile, click on the Import/Export in the Publications tab – see below.Once you have clicked the Import/Export link, you will be brought to the screen on the next page which allows you to Search online databases; Import and Export Publications.a) Search Online DatabasesYou can search for Publications by keyword or PMID . b) Import PublicationsYou can import your publications to your Vidatum Academic profile, by choosing the file type and uploading a valid import file. c) Export PublicationsTo Export a publication, select a file type, press Export and you will be presented with a list of publications to export.4.2.3.Manage/Edit Existing PublicationsIn the Actionscolumn of the table, you have the following options:Click on the Spanner icon to edit an entry.Click on the X to delete an entry.This icon means that the publication has yet to be uploaded to the repository. This icon means that the publication has started the upload to repository process. This icon means that the publication is in the Institutional repository ARAN.To start the upload process, click on the green rectangle icon.5. Tools5.1.Publish Profile to the WebThe Publish Profile page allows you develop your profile and publish it to your institution’s website. Along with your Contact Details, there are six categories which you can select in order to build up your profile. They are: Biography, Research, Publications, Professional, Teaching and Collaborators.a) Contact DetailsYour primary Contact Details are imported HR’s system CORE, and cannot be changed in IRIS.b) Editing profile details• By default, all your information that is on IRIS will be included in your Profile. To exclude information, click on the Hide link. Alternatively, click on the Show link to add information to your Profile.• By default, any newly added publications (by claiming or input) are defaulted to Show.• By default, all items are sorted in chronological order.• You can only add or remove items from your Profile in this section. To edit the contents of each category, you must do so in their respective sections.• When you are managing your Profile, you can order the information which you see on screen by clicking on the following links: • The Move icon allows you to re-order your list times. Please note:when new entries are added, the order of your list items may change.• The Up Arrow allows you to move a sub-section up.• The Down Arrow allows you to move a sub-section down.•The Refresh icon will check the system to see if any publications relating to you have been added. • The Globe icon is a DOI link to an outside service.• The Details link gives you further information on individual publications. • The Show All icon will add all the information in this sub-sectionto your Profile.•The Hide All icons will hide all the information in this sub-sectionto your Profile.c) SaveWhen you are finished with your Profile, click on Save to save it to the system d) PublishIf you want to publish your Profile to your institute’s website, click on Publish .5.2.Download CVsThe Manage CV allows you to create and manage existing CVs.a) Add New CVTo create a new CV, enter the name of the CV and press Add . Once the CV has been created, it will appear in Your CVs. b) Manage Your CVsTo add content to your CV, click on the Edit button and you will be brought to the Build CV section. This page is similar to the Manage Profile Section. c) Download CVYou will be given the option to download the CV in Microsoft Word.。

9.3对象类型9.3.1对象类型激活器定义激活指通过赋值或取值来激活数据流程图的对象。

因此它表示数据流的接收器或来源，并且必然是它的输入或输出。

符号应用系统定义应用系统是应用系统类型的一个范例。

例如，单个应用系统可以通过它的许可证号来辨别，一个公司可能拥有一个应用系统类型的几个应用系统（即许可证）。

符号定义相似的应用系统类型结合起来形成一个应用系统类。

这样，根据不同的类型标准定义相似性问题。

也就是说，一个应用系统类型能够被划分为几个应用系统类。

符号应用系统类型定义应用系统类型代表着一些应用系统的典型性，这些应用系统具有完全相同的技术属性。

符号联系定义联系是一组在结构和语义上相同的联接。

符号定义联系实例就是联系的一个事例，它代表对象事例间的联系。

符号属性定义关系模型利用关系和属性来描述逻辑数据结构。

这样，属性具有关系的特征。

因此，在正常情况下，关系是属性取值范围的笛卡尔乘积的子集。

符号属性类型群定义属性类型群就是实体类型的一组ERM属性，这些属性在语义上是紧密联系的。

例如，它能创建一个包括所有构成次级关键字的ERM属性的属性群。

符号属性定义这一对象类型没有解释文本。

符号位图定义“位图”这一对象类型就代表屏幕中的位图。

符号中断定义ARIS 模拟：中断是改变时间的对象类型，它规定工作不能完成的时间波动范围，中断的开始和结束时间应当在被定义的范围内。

符号业务对象定义业务对象是一个复杂的对象，它的参数被用来支持不同的业务过程。

符号类定义具有相似特征和共同联系的一组对象形成了一类。

类代表了被假定模拟后的应用领域的基本结构。

符号分类标准定义分类标准就是根据被检测对象的组合来规定标准。

符号数据簇事例定义数据簇事例代表数据簇/数据模型对象的事例构建。

它代表数据对象或数据结构集合的合理观点。

符号数据簇/数据模型数据簇代表数据模型的实体类型和关系类型集定义合的合理性，这一数据模型被用来描述复杂对象。

符号列定义“列”这一对象类型指一屏，一页或一个区域的垂直结构。