2019年《社区治理》网考任务1-4(正确率100%)

I海淀区2022-2023学年第二学期期中练习高三地理W23.04本试卷共·8页，JOO分．考试时妖90分管j1.考生务必将答案特在特届卡上，在试在上作答无效．考试结·束后，将本试岳和1答阁卡－J手交问．第一部分本部分共15题，每题3分，共45分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

囹1为某邮轮航行线路示意图。

读固，完成第i、2题。

I.图示航线A.东西跨度大于2万千米E硝每护乒＆� 寸3伊, .P_ -. I －…一，�2.1咽’8.位于太平洋，跨越两大洲｜乎←－…一一’一··． 卢c.北半球航段航行方向与洋流流向相反� )\:1～＼． . ·.D南半球航段熙凤的影响，顺风而行队夺£必←－..－＇...－－�↓2.12月川后，船员可能观察到刷理即「均可气、吧�l2JJ l7日A昼变短夜变长同－M…二；.12Jf 1λJ23°26'8.日落西北方向卢r12伊ISO" 180°,so•c.正午太阳高度角变大D.正午日；影由朝北变为朝南圈2为某处，地质剖面和海水深皮变化示意凶。

读图，完成第3,4题。

3.据困推断，该地比甲断层形成时间晚于三叠纪15 岩层①与②的形成环境相同c.保罗纪气候干旱，植被稀少0.石炭纪友坐过数次海陆变迁因l阁2a �－－－－→海水深度i飞........�怯融砂旧居γ．幌lf.: EEJn谷去军i B胞淀岩画：囡皑层头回附f> 田石灰料／蜗居！一·地层界线4.乙处地质构造的主要形成过程最可能是A.侵蚀搬运一断卸下陆一固结成岩c.地壳抬升－侵蚀搬运一当导报侵入8.团结成是」揣紫用；1出一地先抬升。

－回结成岩－挤压拱起←风化侵蚀占住，而有效辐射足地面辐射与池,ro吸收的大气i延辐射之差，，；..示地而客l乐损失的热量。

副3为甲、乙丙地池边有效辐射年变化示意囚。

试卷类型：A高三二轮检测地理试题2023.04注意事项：I.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。

2.回答选择题时，选Ill每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上a写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

我国某学校高三（2）秘地理兴趣小组在校国内开展日照观测活动，发现从9月23日开始，正午太阳光可透过窗户照射进本班教室（见下图）。

10月23日之后因南侧高楼对阳光的遮挡，本班教室内的正午光照消失。

一段时间后，正午太阳尤再次照进本班教室。

据此完成1～3题。

高三（8）班教室:ItI.该校可能位于A.古树l付n.如1JTf:j付 c.丰f.illi宇：0.云南省2. 10月23fl之后，1E'r-太阳光J!(01HXJl({ill；向穴（2）班技室的时间约为A.均年门川23日c.次年2月21日B.叫作12月22日D.次年3月21日商三地理试跑．第l页（共8页）3.与市汽（2）班..f-111·也.u 依门如l 冬-'i飞川WW•I.楼f·.,\'r,:.(R）”f.极发内的i"E 1f·光照A.f,i]IH/1\J现．协f址：lf.t1)1J 一样II.111] ll·t 111.00 • ！，�续lf.tli•J!J.!民c.It! 1,'-111 J'到.J ，�：纯Mil�一怦I>. JI! ,,,.,,,r,见．持续u 忡，l!J.!�过和I��>l 」:t :J ：行者实际通勤F 巨离与J,t 论政小边’』11!鸡之间的距，嘱差位．反映城市Ji)飞往关系与通Jb状态，JJ:..份爱涵盖h批＊和优化游力的常m 指标。

福建轻纺2020年2月第2期X2020版OEKO—TEX®Standard100标准的更新和变化依照OEKO-TE史惯例，OEKO-TEX®standard 100在每年年初发布最新版本。

2020年1月7日官网发布了OEKO-TEX®standard100的2020版本。

经过3个月的过渡期，新标准将于2020年4月1日起生效。

与2019年版本相比，2020版OEKO-TEX®standard 100主要有以下变化：1重新定义和收紧了限量⑴2019年，致癌物N-亚硝胺和N-亚硝基物质作 为被“监测”物质加入，其结果仅用于参考，不做限 量要求；而2020年该类物质被包含入了附件4和附件6的限制目录中，由原来的14项物质新增一项N-Nitrosometh y leth y lamine(CAS10595-95-6，NMEA，N-亚硝基甲基乙基胺)变为15项，同时定义了限量为：N-亚硝胺：每一项0.5mg/kg;N-亚硝基物质：总计5.0mg/kg o⑵除草剂(草甘勝及其盐类)也由2019年的“监测”水平变为2020年的限制要求，定义的限量为：普通棉(conventional cotton)： 5.0mg/kg;有机棉(organic cotton)：I类产品0.5mg/kg，II 类、Ill类和IV类产品1.0mg/kg⑶有害元素总含量限定条目新增总碑和总汞要求：总斤申含量：100mg/kg;总汞含量：0.5mg/kg o⑷附件4中的邻苯二甲酸酯的总计限量由原来的1000mg/kg降至500mg/kg o⑸全氟化合物(PFCs)栏目新增两项“监测”要求：H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸烷磺酸(8:2FTS)和它的盐(CAS39108-34-4);全氟辛酸(PFOA)的相关物质(REACH Annex XVII entr y68)2附件5和附件7新增了多项“监测”物质⑴新增下列芳香胺(ar y lamines)CAS121-66-4:2-氨基-5-硝基U塞卩坐；CAS156-43-4:对乙氧基苯胺；CAS615-50-9:2-甲基一对一苯二胺；CAS20265-97-8:对氨基苯甲瞇；CAS91-95-2:3,3'-二氨基联苯胺。

绝密食启用前名校联盟•2023届高三5月冲刺压轴大联考理地一、选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题绘出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

近年来，中国在全泳手机生产网络中的地位不断上升，逐渐成为第一大手机出口商，出口目的地主妥是东亚、美国、欧盟．下图示意2007～2020年中国的全球手茸茸年份1.下列关于2007～2020年中国孚机出口贸易表述正确的是A.中国手机出口快速增长阶段是2007～2010年B.中国手机出口增速变化最大为2018～2019年c.中国手机出口增速波动变化，但始终在增加D.2007～2015年中国手机出口额逐年增加2.导致2018年以来手机出口增速变化的主要原因是①生产成本上升②贸易保护主义③国外手机品牌的冲击A .①①B .②③c .②④35 30 25 20 15主10罢5。

-5”10 -15机出口贸易总额（拉状）变化及榕这〈折线）.i妻函，完成1～3题。

址。

N C N持。

m O N H d甲∞－D N咀rE O N，社唱－O Nwt 呐－O N导”－C N法－－O N1600 1400i 只叙1200言1000吉800‘飞旦600 言400200＠流行性传染病D .①④3.中国手机企业未来发展重心在A.树立品牌B.销售网络c.生产工艺风能和太阳能发电份额的培加对市场化也价有显著的影响。

德国可再生能源发电市场已形成较完总的市场化也价机制，下图示意2017年第46用德国主妥发电源〈常规、凤，能、太阳能）和批发电价（日前价格〉。

读图，完成4～6题．D.技术研发ffi l页（共7页〉】E禽三他理曲抽回到崎Mm 抽泣。

远芒辑医药制幢幢盹量叫恻W 巳3棚川酷噩瞌翩翩翩一－’”一…晴天曲仿制布啕m m回JOo -"--再τ宵节t τ叩品：1】�；“年且“』但－·oII u恤圄11.13ll>.G611.14 ll”II 目j 舰且时i刻4.下列最符合德国能源市场描述的是A.凤能发电稳定，可作为发电的主要动力来源B.风能、太阳能发电可以降低电价，可以取代常规能源c.风能和太阳能发电德与常规能源发电互为补充。

2019年6月六级（第1套）art ,r r i t i11 （e s )Directions : For U戏spa讥，you a ,r e allowed 30 1n初iutes to初讨te an ess a y on the importance �f motivation and methods in learning. You slwuld w讨te al least压Q words but no more than 200 words. a lJ奄Se cti on A c （、）Directions: In tJ砑s section, you 1vill hear two long conversation s. J\l the end吁each conversation , you初ill hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Aft er y o u hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), BJ, CJ and D). Then mark the cor r esp �nding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line t阮ough the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) A sLx-n1on出long negotiation.C)A project with a troublesome client.B)Preparations for the party.D)Gift wrapping for the colleagues.2.A) Take wedding photos.B)Advertise her con1pai1y.3.A) Hesitant.B)Neivous.4.A) Start her own bake对B)Improve her baking skill.C)Start a small business.D)Throw a celebration party.C) Flattered.D)Surprised.C)Share her cooking experience.D)Prepare food for the wedding.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) They have to spend more time studying.B)They have to participate in club activities.C)They have to be more responsible for what they do.D)They have to choose a specific academic discipline.6 .. A) Get ready for a career. C)Set a long-term goal.B)Make a lot of friends.·D) Behave like adults.7.A) Those who share her academic interes区B)Those who respect her student commitmen区C)Those who can help her when she is in need.D)Those who go to the same clubs as she does.8.A) Those helpful for tapping their poten 血ial.B)Those conducive to improving their social sldlls.C)Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.D)Those conducive to their academic studies.Section BDirections: In this section, y ou will hear tu;o passage s. At the end Qt'each passage , yoii ivill hecir threeor four question s. Both the passage and the qu est ions will be spoken onlu once. A J勋you ,hear a questio n, you must choose the best answer fr o m the 如tr choices 1narked A), B J , CJ 吓d DJ.The n mark the cor>"e spondi ng let te r ;·on Answer Sheet 1 with a S'ingle l初w throiig h the centre.Questions 9 t o 11 are b ase d o n t he pa s sa g e y o u have just heard.9. A) They break awa y fr o1n trad ition al ways of t l un记ng.C) T h ey a r e good a t re fin i n g old formul邸B) They ai、e prep扣�ed to wor k h扛der th扣1anyone e lse. D) They bring their potenti al into full play.10.A) They c o ntlibuted to the popul釭ity of sk i li1g worldwide.B)They resulted in a br叨如ew st-y le of sl出ng technique.C)They pro1uoted the scientific use of sl血g poles.D)They 1nade explosive news in the spo1ts world.11.A) He was recog血ed as a ge11ius in the world o f sports.B)He con1peted in all 1n司or siding events in the world.C)He�r on tlu·ee gold 1nedals il1 one W血er Olympics.D)He broke tlu-ee world sl画g records il1 t肛ee years.Questions 12 to 15 are base d on t h e passage you ha v e just heard.12.A) They appe扣畛·r estless.C)They lose consciousness.B) They beco1ne upset.D)They die almost instantly.13.A) It has an聪团nt effect on your body chemistry.B)It keeps retm面ng to you every now and then.C)It leaves you witl1 a long-I邸ting impression.D)It contributes to the shaping of your m血．14.A) To succeed while feeling initated.B)To fee\ ha p py without good health.C)To be fyee fro1n frustration and failure.D)To enjoy good healtl1 while in dark moods.15.A) They are closely .connected.B)They function in a similar way. Section C C)They are too complex to understand.D)They reinforce each other constantly.Directions: In this section, you will·hear three .recordings of lectures or tal�fallowed by three or four questio邓.Tl花recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must如ose the best answer from the four c加ices marked AJ,. BJ, CJ and DJ. Th砌mark theco汀esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the c叩re.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) They differ in their appreciation of music.B)They focus their attention on different things.C)They fmger the piano keys in different ways.D)They choose different pieces of music to play.17.A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.B)They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors.C)They try hard to meet the spectators'expectations.D)They att a ch great importance to high perfom1ance.18.A) It marks a breakt虹ough in behavioral science.B)It adopts a conventional approach to research.C)It suppo虑a piece of conventional wisdom.D)It gives rise to controversy among experts.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) People's envy of slim models.C)The increasing rai1ge of fancy produc区B)People's craze for good health.D)The great variety of slinuning products.20.A) The y appe a r vi g or ou s.B)They appe ru·str an ge、21.A) Cultu r e ai1d upb血gh1g.B)Weal小and social status.C)T h ey lo ok ch ar mi ng.D)111ey loo k un he althy.C)Pe er pr es su re.D)Me dia i皿ue nc e.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the r e co r ding you have just heard.·22. A) The relation between hair叨d sl血.C) The color of huma n skin.B)T l1e g .ro,ving interest il1 sl如studies.D)吓e need of s灼n protect ion.23.A) The necessity to save energy.C)The need to breathe with case.B)Adaptation to the hot envl1'01u11ent.D)Drarnati c c1imate changes on earth.24.A) Lea v es and grass.C)Their sldn color ing.B)Man-111ade shelter.D)Hair on their skin.25.A) T11eir genetic 1nakeup beg扣1to change.B)The让conm1unities beg扣1to grow steadily.C)Their children began to m坎wit h each other.D)Their pace of evolutio n began to quicken.·11g Co1nprel1ension（． 1nu t es) Sect ion ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the pas­sage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya lett砑;Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through tlie centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and_even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 , to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27 up.The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, w垃ch advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by clean-eating experts.But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilo­gram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化）because it had been 30 in with other, more fat-promoting carbohydrates."The study found that pasta�dn't 31 to weight gain or increase in body fat," said l e ad au-thor Dr John Sievenpiper. "In 32 the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pas扫does not have an 33 effect on body weight outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern." In fact, analysis actually showed a small weight loss. So 34 to concen1s, perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet.Those involved in the 35 trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week西tead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost釭O皿d half a kilo g ran1 over an averag e follow-up of 12 weeks.A)adverseB)championedC)clinicalD)contrary E)contributeF)intimateG)lun1pedH)magnifiedI)mininnun.J) radiatingI() rationL)shoot jngM)subscribeN)systemati0)we i g血g, ..... , ... __Section BDirections: In t hi s se ction, yo u are going to r ea d a p a ssa g e wi th t e n s t a te ments a tt ached to it. Each s t a t e1ne讥conta ins i可o r niatio n g iv e n i n on e of t h e paragr ap hs. Identif y the paragrap h fromwhi c h t i花？．对orni at i o n is der·i v ed You may ch oo s e a paragraph m ore th a n once. Each para­g r aph, is n i a rked'Wi t h a le t ter. A邓wer t h e que s tio邓by m a rking t h e corres p onding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.The Best Retailers Con1bine Bricks and Clicks[A]Reta i l pro fits扛e fallil1g sharply. Stores扛e closing. Mall s are emptying. The d epressing stories ju stk e e p coining. Reading the ean血gs announce1nents of lar ge retail stores like Macy's, Nordstrom, an d际get is about as uplift i l1g as a totrr of叨intensive care unit. The internet is apparently ta ki ngdo\\111 yet another il1dustiy. B忧ck and nior t ar stores (实体店）seem to be going the way of the yellowpages. S ure e nough, the Ce11.Sus B m·eau j ust released d a ta s h owin g that online retail sales surg e d15.2 percent between the fu-st qua1ter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.[B]But before you dmnp all of yom·retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. L oo ki ngonly at that 15.2 percent "surge" would be misleading. It was an increase t hat was on a small baseof 6.9 percent. Even when a血y number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.[C]More than 20 yea1"S after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us thatb百ck and mo1tar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the frrst quarter of 2016. Theirdata show that 01让y0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginningof 2015 and 2016.[D]So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机）deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executivesexpressing ar议ety over cons�ers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming thatAmazon has a "huge antitrust problem," the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Ofcourse, the closed stores, depressed executives, and·sinking stocks suggest othenvise. What's thereal story?[E] Many firn15 operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting "reinvent­ed," as we describe in our new book Matchmakers. It's standing in the path of what Schumpetercalled a gale (大风）of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and asit has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy'sput it recently, "We're frankly scratching our heads."[F]But it's not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the bubble, brick and mortarretail·was one of those industries the internet was going to·kill—and qttickly. The dot. c on1 bustdiscredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, conventional retailers'confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then thegale hit.[ G]It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn't a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasingu s e o f a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they sea:r·c h, shop, and buy. Cre­ative retailers are using the new technologies to inno_vate just about everything stores do fron1 man­aging inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.[H]More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on yotff doorstep, Apple's n1assively success­ful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon's small steps in the san1e曲ection ar·e whatshould keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to n1ention the large ntunber of creative newretailers, like Bonobos, that are blencting online and offline experiences in creative ways.[I]Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it's also not happening on what used to be called"Internet Time." Some internet-driven chai1ges have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist qtticklyovertook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But 1uany widelyanticipated changes weren't quick, and some haven't really started. With the benefit of hindsight·(后见之明），it loo k s like the i n t e rn e t w i l l t ransfonn the e con om y at s omethi ng like th e pace of otherg r eat iI1v enti ons like e lec t ric i ty. B2B c o1nn1e r ce, f o r e x a mpl e, di d n't move mainl y o n l in e by 2005 as1nan y had p re di cted iI1 2000, no r even by 2016, b ut th a t d oe sn't me a n i t w on't do so over the next few decades.[JJ But the gale i s s till blo面ng.T he sudden decline i n f oot t r affic in r e c e n t years, e ven though it h邸n't been accon1p画ed by a 1nassive dee血e in phys i ca l sal es, i s a cr i tical waming. People can shop 1nore effic iently onliI论邸d the r efore don't need to go t o as many stores to fin d what they want.There's a surplus of physical shoppmg space fo r t he cr ow ds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closmg.[KJ The rise of tl1e 1nobile phone has recently a d d e d a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five ye釭s ago 1nost p e op l e f a ced a choice. S i t at your co m puter1 probab l y at home or at tl1e office, se扣，ch and browse, and buy. Or head o ut t o th e maJJ, or Main Street, look and shop, 邸d b u y. Now, jttst about everyon e has a s mart p hone, connected to the 1ntemet almost ever y­where aln1ost a l l tl1e tune. Even when a retailer gets a cust omer to walk in the store, she can eas ily see if tl1ere's a better d e al onlme or at ai1other store nearby.[L]So far, tl1e n1呴晌g1nany匝ge re t a i lers have done in response to all this is to open o咄ne stores, so people ,;v诅con1e to them directl y rather than to Amazon and i岱smaller online rivals. Many ar e ha血g the san1e problem that newspapers have had. Even if they get online traffic, th e y struggle to n1ake enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.[M]A few seem to be making tllis work. Among large traditional retailers, W a lmart recently reported the best resul朽，leading its stock price to surge, while Macy's, Target, and Nordstrom's dropped. Yet \�T almaii:'s year-over-y ear online sales only grew 7 percent, leading i区CEO to lament (哀叹），"Growth here is too slow." Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one-click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions. A recent study gr ad­ed more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay. Al­most half of the sites didn't get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.[N]The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable. Our deep look into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems. It seems likely that Census simply m达cl郘sifies a large chunk of online sales. It is certain小at小e Census procedures, which lump the online sales of ma j or traditional retailers like Walmart with "non-store retailers" like food trucks, can mask m aj or changes in individual retail categories. The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways, but they have chosen not to.[O]Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won't disappear any rune soon. The big questions are which, if any, of the lar g e traditional retailers will still be on the scene m a decade or two because they haYe successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main汕eemaybe even in shop p ing malls, and how小e shopping and bu yin g experience will have ch邸g ed in each retail catego ry. Investors shouldn't write off brick and mortar. Whether小ey shottld bet on the traditional players who皿1those stores now is another matter.36.Although online retailing h郘existed for some twenty years, nearly half of tl1e皿e1net retailers stillfail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent stuvey.37.Innovative retailers integrate internet teclmotogies with conventional re皿血g to create nevretail models.38.Despite what the Census data suggest, the valu e of'physical ret a il's stocks has been巾opping.39.Internet-driven changes in the retail indust11r didn't take place as quicldy as·widely皿icipated.40.Statistics indicate that brick and mo1iar sales still n1ade up the lion's share of the retail busil1ess.panies that successfully combine online and offline busmess 1nodels n1ay prove to be a big con­cem for traditional retailers.42.Brick and 1no1tar retailer s'f a i th in their busin ess was stre n g th e n e d w h e n t he do t.c om bubb le burst.43.Despite the tren1endou s c h a l l e n g es f r onl o咖e re扫iling,tra di tio n al ret ai l ing w i l l b e h ere t o st ay forq田te son1e t ilne.44.With tl1e rise o f o咄ne conunerce, physical re t a i l stores a re l i l<ely t o s可fer the sam e fate邸the yel­low pages.45.The ,:\ride use of sn1art p hones has made i t 1nore cornplex for traditional retailers to reinvent t h eirbusiness.Section CDirections: Tliere m·e 2 passages in this se t ion Each passag e is foll o w e d by some question s or unfinished Sta勋nents.F01、each of them there are four choices m a rk e d AJ, BJ, CJ and D). You should如c i如on t加best clwice and mark ti忆con·e sponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline ti矿ough the cen阮．Pa.,sag c On(Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professo r Step h en Ha,v血g has wai'lled that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) w ill be "eitl1er tl1e best, or the wo区t tl血g,ever to happen to humanity", and praised the creation of an aca­denuc institute dedicated to researcl血g the future of intelligence as "crucial to the future of our civili­sation and om·species".Hawking was speaking at the ope血g of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Can如dge University, a 1nulti-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions啦sed by tl1e rapid pace of development in AI research. " We spend a great deal of time s tu d yin g histo ry," Hawking said, "which, let's face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it's a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence."W血e the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a w诅of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. "The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge," he said. "We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one—industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives w山be transformed In sho比success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation."Huw Price, the centre's ac�demic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Can1-bridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university's Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. 心,recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn't taken se1iously, even am ong AI researchers. "AI .is hugely exciting," she said, "but it has limitations, which present grave dange1'S given uncritical use."The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famolIBly the en杠epren画Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI coltld do to hmnanity.46.What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A)It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.B)It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C)It might present chaJlenges as well as o pportunities.D)It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.47.Wl1at did Hawldng say about the creation of the LC FI?A)It would acce ler ate the prog ress of AI resea rch.B)It wou l d 111扛k a s tep fo1--w扛d in the AI indus try.C)It ,,v as ex廿en1e l y ilnpo印nt to the destiny of hurnanl<lnd.D)It ,,v as扣1acl lieve1nent of 111咄i-d i s ciplinary collaboration.48.Wl1at did Ha,vl血g say was a wel cmn e change it1 AI research?A)Tl1e sl血of rese釭ch focus frmn the past to the future.B)The sl血of research fron1 the o i"J to ilnplernentation.C)T11e greater e1nphasis on the negative ilnpact of AI.D)The increasing awareness of 111扣曲nd's p匈stupidity.49."i11at concen1s did Hawl<lng raise about AI?A)It n1ay exceed htun邸血elligence sooner or later.B)It 1nay ulti1nately over-ainplify the luunan m皿C)Super-血elligence1nay cause its own destruction.D)Super沁telligence1nay eventually r面n mankind.50.What do we le血1about son1e entrepreneurs from the technology industry?A)Tl1ey are much influenced by the academic community.B)They are n1ost likely to benefit fron1 AI development.C)They share the same concerns about AI as academics.D)They believe they can keep AI under human control.Pa ssage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司）want in on the action. What they sometiines lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country's largest owner of retirement communities, has been inviting a few select en订epreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear�r hat th e-residents have to say.That's what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez _is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sen组b.The startup's product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable "ith computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a ren1ote control."It's nothing new, it's nothing too complicated and it's natural because lots of people have TV remotes," says Rodriguez.But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Ro中超uez solic­its residents'advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afte1noon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将）．R o driguez says it's important that residents here don't feel like he's selling them son1etl血g.·'I've had more feedback in a passive approach," he says. "P lay i ng pool, play i ng cards, having dinner, having lunch," al l work better "than going through a sur vey of questions. When they get to即ow n1e and to t1--i1st me, 血o咖g for sure I'm not selling them something—there'll be 1nore honest feedback f r o1n then1."Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to m ove into one of Brookdale's 1,100 senior living con1-munities. Other new products in the program have inclu d e d a kind of f1tll-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress the1nselves.Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab sys t e m. She tells Rodrigue z that it might be good for someone, but not for her."I have the comput er and FaceTir ne, which I talk wi t h m y family o n," she ex呻lains.She also has an iPad and a s martphone. "So I do pretty much everything I n e ed to do."To be f血，i f R o 面gu e z had wan ted f ee db ac k from som e more te c hn o pJwbi c (害怕技术的）seniors , he n1ight have ended up in the w i·o ng B roo kdale co m m uni t y . Th is on e is loc ated in the heart of Soutl1em Califo1面a's aero space conidor. Many residen ts h ave backgrounds in engineering, busin ess and acadenuc c让cles.But Rodriguez says he's still le叩血g so m e th i n g i lnporta n t by moving into this Brookdale community: "People are 11ore tech-proficient thru1 we t h ought."知d besides, ,vhere else would he leain to play 1naltjong?51.,¥I1at does the passage say about the s尥1tups ?A)T11ey never lose tilue il1 upg1�ading products for seniors.B)T11ey w·r u1t to have a shat 、e of the senio对goo d s m arket.C)T11ey i11vite se11io1-s to their con1p皿es to try their products.D)They try to profit fron1 pro1110血g digital products to seniors.52.Some entreprenem-s have been invited to Brookdale to. A)have an intervie,v with potential custo1nersB)conduct a smvey of re证e1nent co1nmunitiesC)collect residen 岱'feedback on their productsD)show senior residen岱how to use IT products53.What do we lmow about SentabTV?A)It is a TV program catering to the in�erest of the elderly.B)It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.C)It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.D)It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.54.What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting produc岱？A)Winning trust from prospective customers.B)Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.C)Demons盯ating their superiority on the spot.D)Responding promptly to customer feedback.55.W地t do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?A)Most of ·them are interested in .using the Sen也b.B)They are q血e at ease with high-tech produc区C)They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.D)Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.ar anslation c �Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into Eng­lish. Y o u slwuld w忧te your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。

2023申国帕金森病消化道症状筐理专家共识（最金版）帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease ）是第二位神经退行性疾病，发病率逐年上升。

帕金森病非运动症状可导致患者的生活质量下降、严重残疾和寿命缩短，值得更多关注。

消化道症状是帕金森病常见的非运动症状之一。

流行病学研究结果表明，超过80%的帕金森病患者受消化道症状的困扰，远离于健康人群。

此外，消化道症状，包括流涎、吞咽因难、胃轻瘫、便秘，通常在帕金森病诊断前数年甚至数十年即可出现，提示真与阳金森病密切相关。

然而，帕金森病患者消化道症状的识剧和管理尚未得到系统总结、尚未达成标准化共识。

因此，关注帕金森病患者的消化道症状及给予规范的识别相管理具有重要意义。

在此，我们将系统阐述帕金森病患者消化道症状的｜｜笛床表现、评估手E娇口管理方案。

本共识专家组依据2022年3月发布的中国制订／修订｜｜笛床诊疗指南的指导原则（2022版），参考了国际帕金森病及运动障碍协会（International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, MOS) 2009年发布的帕金森病自主神经障碍评价量表的评论与建议、2018年发布的帕金森病及真他突触核蛋白病的自主冲经功能障碍的治疗，2020年发布的阳金森病非运动症状管理专家共识（2020) , MOS在2011及2019年发布的帕金森病非运动症状治疗循证指南以及中国吾咽障碍评估与治疗专家共识( 2017 ）、胃轻瘫管理指南英文版（2013 ）、中国慢性便秘专家共识意见（2019 ）、中西医结合治疗旱期帕金森病专家共识（2021 ）、帕金森病自主禅经功能障碍中西医结合诊治专家共识（2020），回顾2000年1月至2022年3月发袤的文献资料，并检索国内外的主要电子数据库，包捂Pubmed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、万万数据库、中国知网和中国生物医学文献数据库（China Biology Medici ne di s c , CBM ），检索词为M帕金森病”’消化道症状川自主神经症状’”’流涎川吞咽因难川胃轻瘫叫更秘”及中目对应的英文检索词。

1．数轴（1）数轴的概念：规定了原点、正方向、单位长度的直线叫做数轴．数轴的三要素：原点，单位长度，正方向．（2）数轴上的点：所有的有理数都可以用数轴上的点表示，但数轴上的点不都表示有理数．（一般取右方向为正方向，数轴上的点对应任意实数，包括无理数．）（3）用数轴比较大小：一般来说，当数轴方向朝右时，右边的数总比左边的数大．✮（4）数轴上两点间的距离公式：AB=X B-X A(即：右端点减左端点）✮（5）数轴上中点数公式：=+2(即：中点等于两端点相加除以2）例题精讲【例1】.如图，点A在数轴上表示的数为﹣3，点B表示的数为2，点P在数轴上表示的是整数，点P不与A、B重合，且PA+PB＝5，则满足条件的P点表示的整数有___________.变式训练【变式1-1】．如图，点O为原点，A、B为数轴上两点，AB＝15，且OA＝2OB，点P从点B开始以每秒4个单位的速度向右运动，当点P开始运动时，点A、B分别以每秒5个单位和每秒2个单位的速度同时向右运动，设运动时间为t秒，若3AP+2OP﹣mBP的值在某段时间内不随着t的变化而变化，则m＝．【变式1-2】．已知数轴上两点A、B对应的数分别是6，﹣8，M、N、P为数轴上三个动点，点M从A点出发，速度为每秒2个单位，点N从点B出发，速度为M点的3倍，点P 从原点出发，速度为每秒1个单位．（1）若点M向右运动，同时点N向左运动，求多长时间点M与点N相距46个单位？（2）若点M、N、P同时都向右运动，求多长时间点P到点M，N的距离相等？（3）当时间t满足t1＜t≤t2时，M、N两点之间，N、P两点之间，M、P两点之间分别有47个、37个、10个整数点，请直接写出t1，t2的值．【例2】．如图，周长为6个单位长度的圆上的六等分点分别为A，B，C，D，E，F，点A 落在2的位置，将圆在数轴上沿负方向滚动，那么落在数轴上﹣2023的点是．变式训练【变式2-1】．在数轴上，点A，O，B分别表示﹣15，0，9，点P，Q分别从点A，B同时开始沿数轴正方向运动，点P的速度是每秒4个单位，点Q的速度是每秒1个单位，运动时间为t秒．若点P，Q，O三点在运动过程中，其中一个点恰好是另外两点为端点的线段的一个中点，则运动时间为秒．【变式2-2】．如图：在数轴上A点表示数﹣3，B点示数1，C点表示数9．（1）若将数轴折叠，使得A点与C点重合，则点B与数表示的点重合；（2）若点A、点B和点C分别以每秒2个单位、1个单位长度和4个单位长度的速度在数轴上同时向左运动．①若t秒钟过后，A，B，C三点中恰有一点为另外两点的中点，求t值；②当点C在B点右侧时，是否存在常数m，使mBC﹣2AB的值为定值，若存在，求m的值，若不存在，请说明理由．1．如图，将一刻度尺放在数轴上（数轴的单位长度是1cm），刻度尺上表示“0cm”“8cm”的刻度分别对应数轴上的是﹣3和x所表示的点，那么x等于（）A．5B．6C．7D．82．等边△ABC在数轴上的位置如图所示，点A、C对应的数分别为0和﹣1，若△ABC绕顶点沿顺时针方向在数轴上连续翻转，翻转1次后，点B所对应的数为1，则连续翻转2021次后，点B（）A．对应的数是2019B．对应的数是2020C．对应的数是2021D．不对应任何数3．在解决数学实际问题时，常常用到数形结合思想，比如：|x+1|的几何意义是数轴上表示数x的点与表示数﹣1的点的距离，|x﹣2|的几何意义是数轴上表示数x的点与表示数2的点的距离．结合以上知识，下列说法中正确的个数是（）①若|x﹣2022|＝1，则x＝2021或2023；②若|x﹣1|＝|x+3|，则x＝﹣1；③若x＞y，则|x﹣2|＞|y﹣2|；④关于x的方程|x+1|+|x﹣2|＝3有无数个解．A．1B．2C．3D．44．数轴上点A表示的数是﹣3，把点A向右移动5个单位，再向左移动7个单位到A′，则A′表示的数是．5．数轴上点A表示﹣8，点B表示6，点C表示12，点D表示18．如图，将数轴在原点O 和点B，C处各折一下，得到一条“折线数轴”．在“折线数轴”上，动点M从点A出发，以4个单位/秒的速度沿着折线数轴的正方向运动，从点O运动到点C期间速度变为原来的一半，过点C后继续以原来的速度向终点D运动；点M从点A出发的同时，点N从点D出发，一直以3个单位/秒的速度沿着“折线数轴”负方向向终点A运动．其中一点到达终点时，两点都停止运动．设运动的时间为t秒，t时，M、N两点相遇（结果化为小数）．6．如图，在一条不完整的数轴上，从左到右的点A、B、C把数轴分成①②③④四部分，点A、B、C对应的数分别是a、b、c，且ab＜0．（1）原点在第部分（填序号）；（2）化简式子：|a﹣b|﹣|c﹣a|﹣|a|；（3）若|c﹣5|+（a+1）2＝0，且BC＝2AB，求点B表示的数．7．已知b是最小的正整数，且（c﹣5）2与|a+b|互为相反数．（1）填空：a＝，b＝，c＝；（2）若P为一动点，其对应的数为x，点P在0和2表示的点之间运动，即0≤x≤2时，化简：|x+1|﹣|x﹣1|+2|x+5|（请写出化简过程）；（3）如图，a，b，c在数轴上所对应的点分别为A，B，C，在（1）的条件下，若点A 以1个单位长度/s的速度向左运动，同时，点B和点C分别以2个单位长度/s和5个单位长度/s的速度向右运动．ts后，若点B与点C之间的距离表示为BC，点A与点B之间的距离表示为AB．请问：BC﹣AB的值是否随着时间t的变化而改变？若变化，请说明理由；若不变，请求其值．8．数轴上有A、B、C三点，如图1，点A、B表示的数分别为m、n（m＜n），点C在点B 的右侧，AC﹣AB＝2．（1）若m＝﹣8，n＝2，点D是AC的中点．①则点D表示的数为﹣2．②如图2，线段EF＝a（E在F的左侧，a＞0），线段EF从A点出发，以1个单位每秒的速度向B点运动（点F不与B点重合），点M是EC的中点，N是BF的中点，在EF 运动过程中，MN的长度始终为1，求a的值；（2）若n﹣m＞2，点D是AC的中点，若AD+3BD＝4，试求线段AB的长．9．如图，数轴上点A，B分别表示数a，b，其中a＜0，b＞0．（1）若a＝﹣7，b＝3，求线段AB的长度及线段AB的中点C表示的数c；（2）该数轴上有另一点D表示数d．①若d＝2，点D在点B的左侧，且AB＝5BD．求整式2a+8b+2023的值；②若d＝﹣2，且AB＝5BD，能否求整式2a+8b+2023的值？若能，求出该值；若不能，说明理由．10．先阅读，后探究相关的问题【阅读】|5﹣2|表示5与2差的绝对值，也可理解为5与2两数在数轴上所对应的两点之间的距离；|5+2|可以看做|5﹣（﹣2）|，表示5与﹣2的差的绝对值，也可理解为5与﹣2两数在数轴上所对应的两点之间的距离．（1）如图，先在数轴上画出表示点4.5的相反数的点B，再把点A向左移动1.5个单位，得到点C，则点B和点C表示的数分别为和，B，C两点间的距离是；（2）若点A表示的整数为x，则当x为﹣2时，|x+6|与|x﹣2|的值相等；（3）要使代数式|x+1|+|x﹣2|取最小值时，相应的x的取值范围是．11．如图，已知点O为数轴的原点，点A、B、C、D在数轴上，其中A、B两点对应的数分别为﹣1、3．（1）填空：线段AB的长度AB＝；（2）若点A是BC的中点，点D在点A的右侧，且OD＝AC，点P在线段CD上运动．问：该数轴上是否存在一条线段，当P点在这条线段上运动时，PA+PB的值随着点P的运动而没有发生变化？（3）若点P以1个单位/秒的速度从点O向右运动，同时点E从点A以5个单位/秒的速度向左运动、点F从点B以20个单位/秒的速度向右运动，M、N分点别是PE、OF的中点．点P、E、F的运动过程中，的值是否发生变化？请说明理由．12．如图，在数轴上，点O 表示原点，点A 表示的数为﹣1，对于数轴上任意一点P （不与点A 点O 重合），线段PO 与线段PA 的长度之比记作k （p ），即，我们称k （p ）为点P 的特征值，例如：点P 表示的数为1，因为PO ＝1，PA ＝2，所以．（1）当点P 为AO 的中点时，则k （p ）＝；（2）若k （p ）＝2，求点P 表示的数；（3）若点P 表示的数为p ，且满足p ＝2n ﹣1，（其中n 为正整数，且1≤n ≤7），求所有满足条件的k （p ）的和．13．把一根小木排放在数轴上，木棒左端点与点A 重合，右端点与点B 重合，数轴的单位长度为1cm ，如图所示．（1）若将木棒沿数轴向右移动，当木棒的左端点移动到点B 处时、它的右端点在数轴上对应的数为20；若将木棒沿数轴向左移动时，当它的右端点移动到点A 处时，木棒左端点在数轴上对应的数为5，由此可得木棒的长为5cm ；我们把这个模型记为“木捧摸型”；（2）在（1）的条件下，已知点C 表示的数为﹣2．若木棒在移动过程中，当木棒的左端点与点C 相距3cm 时，求木棒的右端点与点A 的距离；（3）请根据（1）的“木棒模型”解决下列问题．某一天，小字问爷爷的年龄，爷爷说：“我若是你现在那么大，你还要41年才出生；你若是我现在这么大，我就有124岁了，世界级老寿星了，哈哈！”请你画出“木棒模型”示意图，求出爷爷现在的年龄．14．对于数轴上的A，B，C三点，给出如下定义：若其中一个点与其它两个点的距离恰好满足2倍的数量关系，则称该点是其它两个点的“联盟点”．例如：数轴上点A，B，C 所表示的数分别为1，3，4，此时点B是点A，C的“联盟点”．（1）若点A表示数﹣1，点B表示的数2，下列各数：，0，1，4，5所对应的点分别为C1，C2，C3，C4，C5，其中是点A，B的“联盟点”的是；（2）点A表示的数是﹣1，点B表示的数是3，P是数轴上的一个动点：①若点P在线段AB上，且点P是点A，B的“联盟点”，求此时点P表示的数；②若点P在点A的左侧，点P、A、B中有一个点恰好是其它两个点的“联盟点”，求出此时点P表示的数．15．如图，点A，O，B，D在同一条直线l上，点B在点A的右侧，AB＝6，OB＝2，点C 是AB的中点，如图画数轴．（1）若点O是数轴的原点，则点B表示的数是，点C表示的数是；（2）若点O是数轴的原点时，D点表示的数为x，且AD＝5，求x；（3）若点D是数轴的原点，点D在点A的左侧，点A表示的数为m，且A，B，C，O 所表示的数之和等于21，求m；（4）当O是数轴的原点，动点E，F分别从A，B出发，相向而行，点E的运动速度是每秒2个单位长度，点F的运动速度是每秒1个单位长度，当EF＝3时，求点A，B，E，F表示的数之和．16．如图，在数轴上点A表示数a，点B表示数b，点C表示数c，a，c满足|a+4|+（c﹣2）2＝0，b是最大的负整数．（1）a＝，b＝，c＝．（2）若将数轴折叠，使得点A与点C重合，则点B与数表示的点重合；（3）点A，B，C开始在数轴上运动，若点A和点B分别以每秒0.4个单位长度和0.3个单位长度的速度向左运动，同时点C以每秒0.2个单位长度的速度向左运动，点C到达原点后立即以原速度向右运动，运动时间为t秒，若点A与点B之间的距离表示为AB，点B与点C之间的距离表示为BC，请问：5AB﹣BC的值是否随着时间t的变化而改变？若变化，请说明理由；若不变，请求出5AB﹣BC的值．17．定义：对于数轴上的三点，若其中一个点与其他两个点的距离恰好满足2倍的数量关系．如下图，数轴上点A，B，C所表示的数分别为1，3，4，此时点B就是点A，C的一个“关联点”．（1）写出点A，C的其他三个“关联点”所表示的数：、、．（2）若点M表示数﹣2，点N表示数4，数﹣8，﹣6，0，2，10所对应的点分别是C1，C2，C3，C4，C5，其中不是点M，N的“关联点”是点．（3）若点M表示的数是﹣3，点N表示的数是10，点P为数轴上的一个动点．①若点P在点N左侧，且点P是点M，N的“关联点”，求此时点P表示的数．②若点P在点N右侧，且点P，M，N中，有一个点恰好是另外两个点的“关联点”，求此时点P表示的数．18．[知识背景]：数轴上，点A，点B表示的数为a，b，则A，B两点的距离表示为AB＝|a﹣b|．线段AB的中点P表示的数为．[知识运用]：已知数轴上A，B两点对应的数分别为a和b，且（a﹣4）2+|b﹣2|＝0，P 为数轴上一动点，对应的数为x．（1）a＝，b＝；（2）若点P为线段AB的中点，则P点对应的数x为，若点B为线段AP的中点，则P点对应的数x为；（3）若点A、点B同时从图中位置在数轴上向左运动，点A的速度为每秒1个单位长度，点B的速度为每秒3个单位长度，则经过秒点B追上点A；（4）若点A、点B同时从图中位置在数轴上向左运动，它们的速度都为每秒1个单位长度，与此同时点P从表示﹣16的点处以每秒2个单位长度的速度在数轴上向右运动．经过多长时间后，点A、点B、点P三点中，其中一点是另外两点组成的线段的中点？19．结合数轴与绝对值的知识回答下列问题：（1）探究：①数轴上表示5和3的两点之间的距离是．②数轴上表示﹣1和﹣4的两点之间的距离是．③数轴上表示﹣3和5的两点之间的距离是．（2）归纳：一般的，数轴上表示数a和数b的两点之间的距离等于．（3）应用：①若数轴上表示数a的点位于﹣4与3之间，则|a+4|+|a﹣3|的值＝．②若a表示数轴上的一个有理数，且|a﹣1|＝|a+3|，则a＝．③若a表示数轴上的一个有理数，|a﹣1|+|a+2|的最小值是．④若a表示数轴上的一个有理数，且|a+3|+|a﹣5|＞8，则有理数a的取值范围是．（4）拓展：已知，如图2，A、B分别为数轴上的两点，A点对应的数为﹣20，B点对应的数为100．若当电子蚂蚁P从A点出发，以4个单位/秒的速度向右运动，同时另一只电子蚂蚁Q恰好从B点出发，以3单位/秒的速度向左运动，求经过多长时间两只电子蚂蚁在数轴上相距20个单位长度，并写出此时点P所表示的数．20．将一条数轴在原点O和点B处各折一下，得到如图所示的“折线数轴”，图中点A表示﹣10，点B表示10，点C表示18．我们称点A和点C在数轴上的“友好函数”为28个单位长度．动点P从点A出发，以2单位长度/秒的速度沿着“折线数轴”向其正方向运动．当运动到点O与点B之间时速度变为原来的一半．经过点B后立刻恢复原速；同时，动点Q从点C出发，以1单位长度/秒的速度沿着“折线数轴”向其负方向运动，当运动到点B与点O之间时速度变为原来的两倍，经过O后也立刻恢复原速．设运动的时间为t秒．（1）动点P从点A运动至点C需要秒，动点Q从点C运动至点A需要秒；（2）P，Q两点相遇时，求出相遇点M在“折线数轴”上所对应的数；（3）是否存在t值，使得点P和点Q任“折线数轴”上的“友好距离”等于点A和点B 在“折线数轴”上的“友好距离”？若存在，求出t的值；若不存在，请说明理由．21．在数轴上，点M，N对应的数分别是m，n（m≠n，mn≠0），P为线段MN的中点，同时给出如下定义：如果＝10，那么称M是N的“努力点”．例如：m＝1，n＝，M是N的“努力点”．（1）若|m﹣10|+（n+90）2＝0则m＝，n＝；（2）在（1）的条件下，下列说法正确的是（填序号）；①M是P的“努力点”；②M是N的“努力点”③N是M的“努力点”；④N是P的“努力点”（3）若mn＜0，且P是M，N其中一点的“努力点”，求值？22．在数轴上，O为原点，点A，B对应的数分别是a，b（a≠b，ab≠0），M为线段AB的中点．给出如下定义：若OA÷OB＝4，则称A是B的“正比点”；若OA×OB＝4，则称A是B的“反比点”．例如a＝2，时，A是B的“正比点”；a＝2，b＝﹣2时，A是B的“反比点”．（1）若|a+2|+（b﹣4）2＝0，则M对应的数为，下列说法正确的是（填序号）．①A是M的“正比点”；②A是M的“反比点”；③B是M的“正比点”；④B是M的“反比点”；（2）若ab＞0，且M是A的“正比点”，求的值；（3）若ab＜0，且M既是A，B其中一点的“正比点”，又是另一点的“反比点”，直接写出的值．23．在数轴上，把原点记作点O，表示数1的点记作点A．对于数轴上任意一点P（不与点O，点A重合），将线段PO与线段PA的长度之比定义为点P的特征值，记作，即＝，例如：当点P是线段OA的中点时，因为PO＝PA，所以＝1．（1）如图，点P1，P2，P3为数轴上三个点，点P1表示的数是﹣，点P2与P1关于原点对称．①＝；②比较，，的大小（用“＜”连接）；（2）数轴上的点M满足OM＝OA，求；（3）数轴上的点P表示有理数p，已知＜100且为整数，则所有满足条件的p的倒数之和为．24．阅读下列材料：我们知道|x|的几何意义是在数轴上数x对应的点与原点的距离；即|x|＝|x﹣0|；这个结论可以推广为|x1﹣x2|表示在数轴上数x1，x2对应点之间的距离．绝对值的几何意义在解题中有着广泛的应用：例1：解方程|x|＝4．容易得出，在数轴上与原点距离为4的点对应的数为±4，即该方程的x＝±4；例2：解方程|x+1|+|x﹣2|＝5．由绝对值的几何意义可知，该方程表示求在数轴上与﹣1和2的距离之和为5的点对应的x的值．在数轴上，﹣1和2的距离为3，满足方程的x对应的点在2的右边或在﹣1的左边．若x对应的点在2的右边，如图1可以看出x＝3；同理，若x对应点在﹣1的左边，可得x＝﹣2．所以原方程的解是x＝3或x＝﹣2．例3：解不等式|x﹣1|＞3．在数轴上找出|x﹣1|＝3的解，即到1的距离为3的点对应的数为﹣2，4，如图2，在﹣2的左边或在4的右边的x值就满足|x﹣1|＞3，所以|x﹣1|＞3的解为x＜﹣2或x＞4．参考阅读材料，解答下列问题：（1）方程|x+3|＝5的解为；（2）方程|x﹣2020|+|x+1|＝2023的解为；（3）若|x+4|+|x﹣3|≥11，求x的取值范围．。