近代物理学史(英文版)PPT课件

• 本世纪20年代创立的量子力学理论为描述微观物体的 行为提供了一个全新的框架，改变了我们最基本的测 量原理，并为了解原子、分子和凝聚态物质的结构铺 平了道路。因而导致了诸如半导体、光通讯等新兴技 术的崛起，并为研制奇异材料和激光器件开辟了道路
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经典力学/Classical Mechanics
1. In l687 published "the mathematical principle of natural philosophy," Newton put forward three basic principle of dynamics and the law of universal gravitation.
victory in 19th century natural science is also the
second theory of large integrated in the
development of modern physics
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能量守恒原理的建立，使 物理学思想和理论结构获 得了辉煌的进展是19世纪 自然科学上的一个伟大胜 利也是近代物理学发展中 的第二次理论大综合
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二、现代物理学革命的序幕 The prelude of the modern physics
revolution
Three discoveries at the end of the nineteenth Century
19世纪末的三大发现
• 1．Discovery of X rays/X射线的发现
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热力学/Thermodynamics
The establishment of the principle of conservation
of energy, make the thought and theory of physics
structure obtained brilliant progress is a great
近代物理学史
The Modern History of Physics
土木15-8班王康 杨程
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目录
Contents
I.经典物理学
II.现代物理学革命的序幕
III.相对论
IV.量子力学
V.原子结构理论的发展
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一、经典物理学/Classical Physics
Galileo and Newton, who founded in the 17th century classical physics. After the expansion of the various basic sectors in nineteenth Century to eighteenth Century to get a comprehensive, systematic and rapid development reached its glorious peak 由伽利略(1564—1642)和牛顿(1642—1727)等人于17世纪创立的经典 物理学。经过18世纪在各个基础部门的拓展到19世纪得到了全面、 系统和迅速的发展达到了它辉煌的顶峰。
20 s of this century the theory of quantum mechanics describes the behavior of the micro object provides a new framework, changed our most basic measuring principle, and to understand the structure of atomic, molecular, and condensed matter paved the way.
• 2．Discovery of radioactivity/放射性的发现
• 3．Discoverer of the electron/电子的发现
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1．Discovery of X rays
Roentgen discovered x-rays in November 1895, a new radiation has a strong penetrating power, it is produced by cathode ray hit on the glass wall; It can penetrate through the one thousand - page book, a few centimeters thick plank, 15 mm thick aluminium, and photographic methods are available through the outline of human body bone and metal objects internal defects Willhelm Konrad Rotgen
2. 在l687年出版的《自然哲学的数学原理》中，牛顿提出 了动力学的三个基本原理和万有引力定律。
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3.Newton summed up it in a tightly unified theory, realized for the first time in the history of modern physics comprehensive theory. 4.牛顿把它概括在一个严密 的统一理论中，实现了近代 物理学发展史上第一次理论 大综合。
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By the end of the 19th century, we had built a including force,
heat, sound, light, electricity, the different s of grand
complete theoretical system. 到19世纪末，已建成了一个包括力、热、声、光、电诸学科 在内的、宏伟完整的理论体系。
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Thus led to the rise of emerging technologies such as semiconductor, optical communication, and opened up a road to singular material and laser devices