0015英语二全国自考单元句子复习重点(Unit1-Unit3)

《英语（二）》复习资料语法主要考哪些项目？英语（二）最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。

* 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。

* 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。

* 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。

* 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。

* 名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。

* 状语从句：now that，in that，in case，as，while 引导的状语从句。

哪些词最有可能考单词拼写？严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。

在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语（二）常考单词的特点：* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim，gesture等；* 拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb，subtle等。

* 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.* 从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。

在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。

一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语（二）来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。

同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。

复习建议针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢？下面是我推荐的三步复习法。

Unit 1第一部分 Text A【课文译文】怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。

之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。

因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。

管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。

虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。

管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。

但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。

有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。

选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。

决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。

例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。

选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。

没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。

如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。

例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。

这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。

在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。

决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。

组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。

由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。

常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。

这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。

例如，市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道，但从更大的布局来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。

自考英语（二）复习资料第一单元1.常考单词：goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity2. 常考词组：in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down3. 常考句子：1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department.第二单元1.常考单词：escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make useof，a great many，above all2. 常考句子：1）Astronomers andscientists think that a black holeis a region of space into whichmatter has fallen and from whichnothing can escape.2）The theory is that somestars explode when their densityincreases to a particular point.3）Some people think thatthe Start of Bethlehem couldhave been a supernova.4）If a man fell into a blackhole，he would think that hereached the center of it veryquickly.5）It is only recently thatastronomers have begun specificresearch into black holes.6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested thatevery advanced technology couldone day make use of the energyof black holes for mankind.第三单元1.常考单词：weaken deteriorate debatelegal request criterion ensureoppose tradition considerationdisabled burden vulnerableprohibition sensitive2. 常考词组：to debate on to makerequest for be opposed toto take … into account3. 常考句子：1）Affected with a seriousdisease，van Wendal was nolonger able to speak clearly andhe knew there was no hope ofrecovery and that his conditionwas rapidly deteriorating.2）Van Wendel's last threemonths of life before being givena final，lethal injection by hisdoctor were filmed and firstshown on television last year inthe Netherlands.3）The programme has sincebeen bought by 20 countries andeach time it is shown，it starts anationwide debate on thesubject.4）What those people whooppose euthanasia are telling meis that dying people haven't theright.第四单元1.常考单词：demestic statisticsdiplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite deserving shelf minimum statusdeport2. 常考句子：1）There are estimated to bemore than 20，000 overseasdomestic servants working inBritain.2）Of these 20，000，justunder 2，000 are being exploitedand abused by their employers.3）The sad condition ofwomen working as domesticsaround the world received muchmedia attention earlier this yearin several highly publicized cases.4）A Filipino maid wasexecuted in Singapore after beingconvicted of murder，despiteprotests form various quartersthat her guilt had not beenadequately established.5）She used to work for avery low wage at a tea factory inSri Lanka.6）Because she found itdifficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as adomestic in London.7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported.第五单元1.常考单词：Musician，rhythmic，distinct，consciousness，originate，readily，instrument，electronic，thereby，passive，participant2. 常考词组：to take place to take overto take on in a sense at astretch to serve as inadvance for the sake of3. 常考句子：1）The new music was builtout of materials already inexistence.2）Folk music，old andmodern，was popular amongcollege students.3）They freely took overelements form jazz，fromAmerican country music.4）With records at home，listeners imitated these lightingeffects as best they could.第六单元1.常考单词：efficiency increasingly installpersonnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective2. 常考词组：in that in questionplenty of3. 常考句子：1）Most of today's robots areemployed in the automotiveindustry，where they areprogrammed to take over suchjobs as welding and spraypainting automobile and truckbodies.2）Robots，already takingover human tasks in theautomotive field are beginning tobe seen，although to a lesserdegree，in other industries aswell.3）The robots used innuclear power plants handle theradioactive materials，preventinghuman personnel from beingexposed to radiation.4）Robots differ fromautomatic machines in that aftercompletion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by acomputer to do another one.5）Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.6）With the ability to “see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.7）Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.第七单元1.常考单词：research attach underlie relev ant positive possession desira ble relaxation occupation urb an acquire participation2. 常考词组：be concerned with be relevant to to set … as objective3. 常考句子：1）People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.2）The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.3）The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.4）Since leisure is basically self-determined，one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.5）Basically，such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.6）For example，the degree to which and the ways in which aschool encourages participationin games，sports and culturalpursuits are likely to contribute tothe shaping of leisure attitudeson the part of the students.7）Schools usually set astheir educational objective theattainment of a balanceddevelopment of the person.8）The more seriously this issought，the more likely positiveattitudes towards leisure as wellas academic work will beencouraged.第八单元1.常考单词：flight negotiation transport overcome internal external rhythm feasible assumption promote2. 常考词组：effect on to blame…on to advantagenow that out of stepto leave … alone3. 常考句子：1）The problem of Jet Lag isone every international travelercomes across at some time.（para.1）2）The effects of rapid travelon the body are actually far moredisturbing than we realize.（para.2）3）He later blamed his poorjudgement on Jet Lag. （para.3）4）Now that we understandwhat Jet lag is，we can go someway to overcoming it.（para.4）5）The other belongs in ourinternal clocks which，left alone，would tie the body to a 25 hour -yes，25 - rhythm.（para.5）6）In time the physiologicalsystem will reset itself，but itdoes take time. （para7）7）One reason for thisdiscrepancy is that differentbodily events are controlled bydifferent factors. （para.8）8）It is not feasible to waitfour days until the body is used tothe new time zone. （para.9）第九单元1.常考单词：classify approximate proportion appreciation acknowledge alter lengthen wealthy neglectexpectation2. 常考词组：to approximate toresistance to to cope withattribute … to3. 常考句子：1）Nation classified as “aged”when they have 7percent ofmore of their people aged 65 orabove. （para.1）2）The nearer a societyapproximates to zero populationgrowth，the older its populationis likely to be - at least，for anyfuture that concerns us now.3）The older you are now，of course，the greater thisproportion will be，and greaterstill if you are a woman.4）If you are now in yourthirties，you ought to be awarethat you can expect to live nearlyone third of the rest of your lifeafter the age of 60.第十单元1.常考单词：election vote certainty loyaltydecline democrat strategy pursue impact headquarters economy stir congress representative2. 常考词组：to id entify……as impacton3. 常考句子：1）Candidates try to projecta strong leadership image.（para.4）2）Whether voters acceptthis image，however，dependsmore on external factors than ona candidate's personalcharacteristics. （para. 4）此句注意主语从句作主语。

全国英语二自考知识点总结一、单元一：Unit 11.词汇知识首先学习了有关家庭和亲属关系的词汇。

根据不同的年龄和性别，家庭成员有爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈、姐姐、弟弟、儿子、女儿等。

亲属关系包括父母、子女、兄弟姐妹等。

2. 语法知识The use of the verb "to be"主要通过学习“be动词”的用法及其扩展，掌握了be动词的不同形式——am、is、are，以及其用法和基本句型。

英语中的复数形式了解了英语中名词的复数形式的构成规则，掌握了常见名词复数形式的变化规则。

3. 阅读技能通过描述和介绍家庭生活等内容的基础英语对话，学会了正确地理解阅读中的词语和句子，提高了阅读理解能力。

4. 写作技能掌握日常生活中描述家庭成员、自己爱好以及介绍自己的能力。

同时，学习了一般现在时的句子结构及常见问句的构成和用法，提高了日常生活中口语交际的能力。

5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料听懂日常生活中的一些简单对话，提高了日常生活中的交际能力。

二、单元二：Unit 21. 词汇知识学习了身体部位的名称，如head，shoulder，arm，hand，finger，leg，foot等。

2. 语法知识The use of the Simple Present Tense学习了一般现在时的基本构成和常见句型，提高了一般现在时的使用能力。

动词的否定句和疑问句掌握了动词的否定形式和疑问形式的基本构成和用法，提高了相关问句句型的灵活运用。

3. 阅读技能阅读理解内容主要涉及描述人体部位的基础知识，通过阅读加深了对这些知识的掌握和理解。

4. 写作技能学习了用英语如何正确描述自己的身体部位和健康状况，提高了描述自己和他人的能力，了解了一般现在时句型的使用。

5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料了解日常对话中关于身体部位和健康状况的内容，提高了日常交际和应对紧急情况的能力。

三、单元三：Unit 31. 词汇知识学习了有关学校生活的词汇，包括学校设施、课程安排、学习用品等。

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authoritative annualinfluential nonverbalinitiateangledesperate applicant dependableremarkcoachapologetic tentativemeekimplorenarcissism15Acare aboutdrop bybe bound to do remark on15ABay StaterBostonAlbert MehrabianMarian WoodallNorma Carr-Ruffino Christopher Lasch15Btelemarketingagitationcollaborationtacticprofitassistintegratedvicememorecountdailydisrespectfulgratefulhesitation15Bdo one's untmostgo onmake a differencetake ···into account get in the way15Bex-MarineVietnamhow difficult is English？n 热烈，热情，热诚adj 私人的，个人的n 家庭教师，（英国李的里的）导师vt&vi 牺牲，献出 n 牺牲，牺牲品n 决心，决定n 总数，总量 vi 合计，等于vt&n 掌握adv 毫无疑问地，十分肯定地adj 难理解的，晦涩的vt 使烦恼，打扰vt 向···讲话；写信给···；称呼n 概念，观念n 隐私n 标记，象征，符号adj 好客的，热情的adv 随即，事先毫无准备地adv 当时，同时vt&vi （使）镇静，（使）震动 n 震惊，震动n 听着，受话者n 渴望，热望vt 提出，养育n 词汇；词汇量；词汇表n 记忆adv 机械地，将死地adj 破坏的adj 低效的，效率低的adj 拼音文字的n 接触，联络 vt&vi （使）接触，（与···）联系vt 迷住，强烈地吸引住vt 使人丧失信心，使人沮丧adj 东方的n 对抗，冲突n 混乱n 性别vt&n 提及，提到n 容忍，宽容n 目标，目的n&vt 掌握，把握vt 克服n 妨碍物，障碍n 流利adv 完全地，整体地Learning a Languagen 语言学家n 环境n 过程，进程n 心理学家，心里学者n 成人n 用法vt 是暴露n 方法vi 交流，交际从事于，致力于生来具有一起，一道以同样的方法又，还，也反反复复创造，编造拾起，拣起，学会，（不经意间）得到caught between two culturesn 女售货员n 几个，一对vi 看一下，瞥一眼adj 不舒服的，不自在的vi 举止vi 保持n 愿望vt 采用adj 在远处的，疏远的n 外人，局外人，门外汉n 口音，腔调n 特征，特色vt 标明，标记vi 属于，附属向···表示敬意，祝贺关于,至于缩短culture shock -the initial stresses adj 开始的,最初的vt&vi 向人求教,查阅adj 典型的,代表性的adj 预期的,期望的adj 确信的,自信的n 描述,介绍,发言n 相互作用,干扰n 暗示n 同事n 牛排adj 次要的,较不重要的n 握手n 影响,作用,冲击 vt 撞击,对…发生影响vi 发生vt 创造,社稷 n 硬币adj 开创性的,有重大影响的n 调节,调整adj 职业的,与职业有关的vt&vi 迁移,迁徒,移植n 双关语vt 暗示,含有…的意思n 症状vi 成功n 环境,背影n 感觉,知觉adj 口语的,会话的adj 急躁的,易怒的adj 脾气暴躁的n 流浪者vt 压倒,击溃,使不安vt 是过量,超载adv 茫然地,空虚地adj 不熟悉某种特定情况的,缺乏某种知识和经验的n 置换,移植,措置vt 是适应,是配合n 磨难,考验,试验adj 辛苦的,使人恼怒的,难忍的成功地做某事错过机会；遗漏；略去觉察到，意识到拆毁，拆除n 西雅图（美国华盛顿州西部港口城市）adj 瑞典的，瑞典人的，瑞典语的 n （总称）瑞典人，瑞典语Booksvt 获得，学到adj 一致的，调和的，坚固的adj 有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的vt&vi 浸，（此处）浏览vt&vi 前进，提前n 沙漠 vt放弃，遗弃，逃跑n 令人讨厌的人，怒潮 vt使厌烦n 可用，可用的东西adj 好奇的，求知的，古怪的，爱挑剔的adj 过于严厉的，过于严格的n 要求，原则，纪律，学科n 神圣的，神的，宗教的，庄严的n 教育vi 显现，浮现，暴露，形成adj 坦率的，虚心的n 暴力，暴行，猛烈，强烈n 无政府状态，政府混乱n 憎恨，敌意，仇恨adv 理想的，在观念上地，完美地浏览，翻阅，稍加研究有时，不时把···看做是，以为···是使某人走上···道路谋生，以···为生以···名义，代表···采取某种立场，决定态度与其···不如···确保，注意做到The History of booksn 铅，导线，石墨n 上等犊皮纸，皮纸文书，牛皮纸 adj 犊皮纸的adj 独立自主的，不受约束的adj 精心制作的，详细阐述的，精细的adj 装饰性的，装饰的，装饰用的vt 单一化，简单化adj 适合的adj 粗糙的，粗鲁的adj 细致的，小心翼翼的n 小册子n 雕刻术，雕版，掉版图n 脚后跟，跟部n 手动操作印刷机n 莱诺整体铸造机n 封面，装订线四处搬动很多的紧跟在…之后n 约翰内斯·古腾堡n 弗罗伦萨（意大利都市名）n 里昂（法国城市）don't Let Anger Get the Best of Youn 面谈，接见，会谈n 爬行vt.& vi.推动，拉动n.小车，手推车adj.特快的，快速的n.（超市等的）付款台n.设计，计划，事业n.普级，提升n.敌视，敌意；战争，战斗n.危险，风险adj.免除的，安全的n.配偶，夫，妻n.荷尔蒙n.免疫力，抵抗力adj.行为的n.积蓄，储蓄n.商数，商vt.不公平的对待n.不便，麻烦，困难，不便或困难之处n.侮辱，凌辱vt.避免，回避n.垃圾vt.& vi.扑动，无规律地跳vt.& vi.应受…之优待n.犯规，违法vt.释放，免除adj.烦恼的，狼狈的vt. Vi.闪避，躲闪n.遗传学，发生学n.儿童期的训练和教育获胜，得益（口语）事业上获得成功呼吸，喘口气，歇歇生气的，发脾气对···进行检查、评估和鉴定根据，依照，按照抑制安静，稳定，沉着涌现，涌出，涌升切题，切中要害（与of连用）达到···程度使（地雷，烟火等）爆炸，引爆使···运行，运转强加···于某人细思，详论，详述松开，释放跟上···的进程或发展，与···保持接触哈弗大众健康研究院蔡德福·威谦姆斯（人名）行为药物研究中心杜克大学医疗中心诺克斯维尔（地名）n.理查德·接斯科尔n.丹芬班齐（人名）New wordsadv.肯定地，自信地adv.相反地，颠倒地adj.注意的，留心的vt.分析n.内容vt.评估vt.分散（注意力等），使人分心n.肯定，自信vt.调整，定······的位n.领导，上司 adj.（职位、年龄等）较高的，优越的n.顾客，客户n.顾客adj.个人的，私人的，亲自的n.参加者，参与者adv.原先，以前n.目标 adj.客观的n.（精神或精力上的）恢复n.&vi.闲谈，聊天n.信念，相信，信任n.态度，看法n.极，杆，柱n.导火线，导火索n.队，（军队）旅vt.&vi.(使）逐步上升，（战争等）逐步升级adj.侵略的，放肆的；有进取心的，敢做敢为的n.爆发，进发n.趋势，倾向adj.最高的，至上的vi.垂直下落，骤然下落adj.不充足的，不充分的vi.对付，处理n.中断，打断vt.威胁，有·····的危险n.羽毛球n.(网球等的）球场n.接受，接管vt.预定n.观点，看法adj.以后的，后面的 n.(前面用定冠词）后者n.揭示，揭发，透露Phrases and Expressions对付，处理把····探究到底，用继续行动来加强·····的效果茶休Proper Namesn.匹克斯达夫休闲中心n.(地名）布拉德福德New wordsadj.（烟、雾等）浓厚的，密集的adj.可触知的，有形的adj.拉紧的，绷紧的，紧张的vt.&vi.摸索adj.无法计量的，无边无际的n.对比，比照 vt.使对比，使对照adv.含混地，不清楚地adj.孩子般的，幼稚的，傻气的n.模仿adj.不理解的n.别针n.（带柄的）大杯子vi.坚持adj.不耐烦的，急躁的vt.猛砸，击碎n.（感情等的）突发，爆发n.思想感情，感情n.井房n.喷口，喷管，（茶壶等的）嘴n.水流，溪流，小河vt.涌出，喷出adj.静止的，不动的n.一阵激动，颤动，抖动n.碎片，破片vi.渴望，极盼望Phrases and Expressions在海上；迷惑，困惑摸索着前进来来回回，来来去去马上要做坚持（把···）集中于，注意于解放，释放，使自由Proper Names安妮·曼斯菲尔德·萨利文（人名）New wordsadj.健壮的，结实的，勇敢的adj.光秃的，单调的，枯燥的vt.扎牢，扣住，使固定，系，集中于 vi.扣紧，抓住n.宣布，宣言，声明n.独立，自主adj.实际的，实践的，使用的，应用的n.保险，保险单，保险业，保险费vt.说服，劝说，（使）相信vt.铺（路等）n.壁炉n.铁工厂工人，铁匠n.大肚皮，大腹adj.大肚子的，大腹便便的n.炉n.专利权，执照，专利品 vt.取得···的专利权，审请专利vt.使能够，授予权力或方法adj.有学问的，学术上的n.电流，电n.闪电n.雷暴vt.&vi.哄，耐心使n.线，绳索，一串，一行 vt.&vi.排成一列n.杆，棒避雷针n.殖民地vt.&vi.耽搁，延迟，延期，迟滞 n.耽搁，延迟，迟滞adj.不能再用（或穿）的，穿旧的n.地毯n.尊敬，敬意，荣誉，光荣 vt.尊敬，给以荣誉n.（代表）大会；（美国等国的）国会，议会adj.精明的，机敏的n.外交官，有权谋的人n.舰队，港湾，小河n.宪法，构造，体质，章程，惯例n.代表 vt.委派···为代表Phrases and Expressions熟悉的，精通的着火散发出，（从···）扔开，去掉（伪装），摆脱掉单独，独自关怀，照顾，愿意，计较移交给，反复考虑，翻阅起身前往，开船，动身耐着性子看完或听完，一直挺到结束根据，依据Proper Namesn.费城美国国会（法国）路易国王美国宪法New wordsvt.占，占用，占领，占据adj.所谓的vt.像，类似n.费（公费、学费等），酬金adj.全部的，全面的adv.用数字，在数字上adj.保守的，守旧的，n.保守派adj.有统治权的，占优势的，支配的n.橱柜，内阁vt.同意，准予 n.基金n.费用；代价；损失；开支；费钱之物n.容量，生产量；才能，能力；接受力；地位n.登录，条目；进入，入口adj.工艺的n.工艺学校prep.加上n.费用；电荷；主管 vt,&vi.收费，控诉，责令vt.废止，废除（法律、制度、习俗等）Phrases and Expressions特别，尤其除···之外对···产生影响在实践中，实际上，熟练作出···决定拿掉，取消；脱衣；起飞免费Proper Namesn.伊顿（在伦敦附近的白金汉群，泰晤士河边的一个市镇，伊顿公学所在地）n.牛津（英国城市），牛津大学n.剑桥（英国城市，剑桥大学所在地）n.圣灵降临节Notes职业大学大学文科New wordsadj.职业的adj.慷慨的；自由主义的；文科教育的n.人性，人类；博爱，仁慈n.变化，多样性；种种，品种，种类adj.相等的，相当的 n.等价物，相等物n.大学肄业生，（尚未取得学位的）大学生 adj.大学生的n.单生汉，文理学士n.学费adj.牙齿的n.技巧，结构，（用复数）机械学，力学adj.非电术性的n.电力学n.木工工作n.铅工业，铅管品制造n.慈善，施舍；慈善团体Phrases and Expressions各式各样的立即New wordsadj.宗教（上）的，虔诚的vt.庆祝，歌颂n.（节日等的）前夜，前夕n.仪式，（宗教）礼拜式n.节日n.植被，（总称）植物，草木vt.朗诵，背诵vt.修剪，修饰n.装饰，装饰品，饰物n.纸张，一张（纸）n.小甜饼n.糖果n.(一种寄生植物）榭寄生n.装饰，装潢，装饰品n.枝形吊灯n.特权，特殊的荣幸adv.有意地，故意地vi.&vt.发源，发起n.浆果n.（大）树枝n.长筒袜的一只n.雪橇n.驯鹿（复数不变）n.烟囱n.包裹n.盛宴，筵席vt.&vi.区别，辨别，识别adj.葡萄干布丁的n.部分，地区vt.装饰，装修n.传说n.象征，符号vt.&vi.(为···）做广告，登广告n.倒计时vi.滑动，滑行adj.快的，迅速的Phrases and Expressions挂上，挂起开（灯等）Proper Namesn.圣诞节n.基督n.圣诞节的前一天（即12月24日）n.罗马n.大不列颠n.圣诞老人n.北极New wordsn.（用馅饼、夹子等）狩猎n.(总称）猎物，野味adj.富裕的，丰富的n.食物，饮食adj.懊悔的，遗憾的adj.最初的，最草的，原来的adj.灿烂的，壮丽的adj.严肃的，严厉的adj.公社的，公用的n.黎明，拂晓adv.后来，以后n.爆米(花）n.火鸡，火鸡肉n.南瓜n.饥饿，饿死n.奢侈，奢华n.（经常用复数）情况，形式vt.宣告，公告n.感激，感谢vt.纪念，庆祝n.义务，职责vi.合作，协作，配合n.意图，意向adj.通常的，惯例的adj.美味的，可口的n.(一道）菜n.（西式）馅饼n.记忆，回忆，记性n.礼物n.移居者，开拓者vt.使更新，换新，加强Phrases and Expressions习惯于破晓总的来说，大体上回忆，纪念Proper Namesn.感恩节n.移到美洲的英国清教徒n.科德角n.马萨诸塞州（美国州名）adj.印第安（人）的 n.印第安人，印第安语n.布拉德福（人姓）n.乔治·华盛顿（美国第一任总统）n.亚伯拉罕·林肯（美国第十六任总统）n. F.D. 罗斯福（美国第三十二任总统）New wordsadj.有效的，被实施的，给人深刻印象，有生力量vt.&vi.结结巴巴地说话，使困惑，瞒珊，踌躇n.听众，观众vt.&vi.(使）缓和vt.使确信，使信服n.种类，别，范畴vt.损坏，搞糟，扰乱vt.扰乱，使糊涂vt.&vi.推想，假设，猜想vt.&vi.概述，总结，摘要n.主持人n.座谈小组，讨论小组adv.平稳地，顺利地adj.体谅的，会照顾的，考虑周到的n.图表 vt.制图n.图表，曲线图vt.赏识，鉴赏；感激 vi.增值，涨价n.思虑，慎重adj.戏剧性的，生动的n.会堂，观众席，礼堂n.扩音器，麦克风adj.令人愉快的，可享受的n.志愿者，志愿兵 adj.志愿的，义务的，无偿的 vt.&vi.自愿Phrases and Expressions要求，号召；拜访结结巴巴地说高兴起来首先处于某人的位置确定得体的，大方的集中插嘴，插入，把···插进超过某人的理解力屈尊俯就地说话表明，显示，经历，脱险New wordsadv.表面上，似乎真实施n.身份，地位n.共振，回音vi.倾向，走向adv.发出呼吸声地adj.自信地，肯定地n.音调，声调n.信任，信心adj.可笑的，荒谬的adv.自觉地，自我意识地vt.扩大，扩张n.肋，肋骨adj.腹的，腹部的n.肌肉n.腹，腹部vt.利用adj.有益的，有利的n.膈肌膜n.单调，不变的乐调adj.单调的，乏味的n.讲演，陈述n.变音，转调n.音量，响度adv.清楚地，显然adj.不可抗拒的，压倒（优势）的vt.使活动，使激活n.食品加工器adj.强有力的，有说服力的n.回答，应答vt.贴标签于 n.标签n.失败 弱点vt.使工作过度 vi.工作过度 n.过度工作n.增补，补遗副刊 vi.增补adv.经常地，不断地vt.打扰，扰乱adj.喜欢多说，多嘴的n.强烈，剧烈n.烦恼，烦扰，烦恼的事adj.先前的，以前的n.激怒，恼怒vt.不理，忽视adj.指令的 n.命令，指令n.力量，效力vt.改变，改动Phrases and Expressions从现在起呼吸忍受New wordsvt&vi放宽，变宽，扩大，加宽n.共享，股份，部分，份额，参股adj.生效的，有效率的，能干的vi.居住vt&vi.服从，顺从；提交，递交n.执照，许可执政，特许vt.刻凹痕，用凹痕计算，开槽，切口，得分n.办理，处理；交易，事务adj.基础的，基本的vt.低估，看轻adj.结晶状的 n.水晶， 水晶饰品，晶体n.陈列，展览，显示，显示器vt.陈列，展览，显示液晶显示器n.班长；监视器，监控器 vt&vi.监控n.清晰度，分辨率adj.平凡的 n.平凡的事，平常话vt&vi.涂污，污损；把···弄得模糊不清顶置式电视n.处理机，处理器n.芯片，筹码，碎片n.识别adj.悲观的，厌世的vt.评价过高Phrases and Expressions请求，审请举起，起始；提供扩展，完成；创下，达到生产；挣得；介绍引进连起来，接上事实上，实际上归类结束，竖着召集，招来，来访检查Proper Namesn.佛罗里达n.微软公司New wordsvt.尝试，企图n.雕刻品n.碑，牌，匾额n.文化，文明adj.复杂的n.信鸽n.计算，计算结果n.显微镜n.电报n.装置n.脚趾n.记载，记录n.牧羊人，羊倌n.棍，杖，棒，（全体）工作人员n.牧地，牧场，草原n.母羊n.羊羔，小羊n.谷仓n.技工，工匠（复数为craftsmen)adj.连续不断的，不停歇的n.制陶工n.商人adv.大胆地n.航行，航海vi.&vt.发展，演变n.操作，操纵adj.多方面的，通用的，多才多艺的adv.足够的，充分的vt.分配，分给。

自考英语二00015短语及重点语句Unit1 The Power of Language Phrases and Expressionsapply to to use something or make something work in a particular situation 使用;应用put forth to suggest an idea, explanation etc., especially one that other people later consider and discuss提出；产生take…into account to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when making a decisionabout something 考虑到；顾及accept/take…at face value to believe that something is wha t it appears to be, without questioning it相信表面；信以为真with a grain of salt with reservations; skeptically 有保留的；持怀疑态度地carry out to do and complete a task 完成（任务）be up to to be for somebody to decide 取决于have an impact on/upon to have a powerful effect onsomebody/something 对…产生巨大影响rub…out to remove the marks made by a pencil, etc. 用橡皮擦掉(字迹等)be in control of to direct or manage an organization, anarea or a situation 掌握；管理；控制Key Sentences1.In either case, you must recognize and take into account anydifferences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

自考综合英语二（0015）课文一TextACriticalReading重点词汇纪要Text-A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing with which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.Critical 批判non-fiction 非小说类put forth 提出Position 态度、位置Seek 寻找Statement 声明Involve 包含、参与Evaluate 评价Opinions 意见Consider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.Or,you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.In either case,you must recognize andtake into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.Consider 考虑Context 背景Cultural 文化Recognize 意识Attitude 态度Question assertions made by the author.Don‘t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written,be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look forfacts,examples,and statistics that provide support.Also,look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.Assertion 断言Certain 确信Provide 提供Sufficient 足够的Support 支持Statistic 统计数据Integrate 整合Authority 权威Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistencies,carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Compare 比较、对照Subject 主题Consistent 一致Inconsistencies 矛盾Provide 提供Analyz e assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.In many cases,the author’s assumpti ons are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order toidentify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption,you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Analyze 分析Directly 直接、立即in order to 为了Identify 确定Decide 决定Valid 有效Evaluate the sources the author uses.In doing this,be certain that the sources are credible.For example,Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.Finally,if the author is writing about a subject in its current state,be sure that the sources are current.For example,studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Credible 可信Landmark 里程碑Achievement 达成Physics 物理学Relevant 有关联的Poetry 诗Current 现在的、流行的Appropriate 适当的Identify that possible author bias.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat*or a Republican*. What is written may very well reflect a biased position.You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what theauthor has written.That is,take what is written with “a grain of salt.”By being a critical reader,you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.Identify 识别、认同Bias 偏见Politics 政治depending on 依据Reflect 反射，考虑Position 位置a grain of salt 一粒盐Appropriate 适当。

英语二00015复习资料大全名师串讲综合自考英语二00015(珍藏版)上册Grammar & UsageⅠ)1.主谓一致的三条原则（1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。

Human beings enjoy learning.Everybody‘s understanding is incomplete.(2)意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。

The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.Ten dollars was a lot of money at that time.（3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

There is a pen,two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.2.集体名词作主语时与动词的一致(1)当主语为furniture,equipment,machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。

The furniture in that shop is all made in China.Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.(2)集体名词如people,cattle,police,poultry等往往作复数用。

Some people drive madly in this country.Many cattle have died because of the flood.(3)family,government,class,committee,audience,team,public等词被视作一个整体时，其后的动词用单数；被视为构成整体的个体时，其后的动词则为复数。

完整版讲义---华夏大地自考高伟老师主讲，真的很MAN！！第一单元知识点的回顾Text A1.choose----choice：词型转换经常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。

2.★available:这个词考的频率很高。

换句话说，如果在答案中出现了该词，从词义上应该给予其优先考虑。

这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等。

3.decide----decision，注意词性上的变化。

4.purpose:这个词一旦出现，它既可以考本词的意思，也可以考后面的谓语动词的形式，记住：凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等有含有目的性的词，后面的谓语动词一定是to do的形式，同时关注这些词是否为复数形式，如果是，谓语动词一定是复数的。

5.achieve----achievement，注意词型上转换。

6.★in the way:妨碍，挡路，阻碍。

区别in a way：从某种程度上。

★on theway (to)在去…路上(★on the way home)和by the way：顺便说一句。

7.★★involve----involve ment(in)：注意词型转换，词义及介词搭配。

8.★consider----consideration。

注意词型上的转换，同时牢记take intoconsideration(account)，如果单独考本词，后面的动词一定是+ing形式(动名词)，但注意主动和被动含义上的区别。

9.make a guess at:注意固定习语的搭配。

10.certain----certainly----★certainty----★★uncertainty：注意词性和词义上的转换。

11.risk:注意后面接ing的动名词形式。

12. sometimes…;at other times…:注意前后句型上的搭配，很有可能在完型里考。

自考“英语（二）”课文重点句型总结Unit 1·The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.决策的目的是为了建立并达到组织的目的和目的。

·Managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.管理者经常必须对未来的情况做出最佳的猜测，尽管不存侥幸。

·For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.对于管理者来说，每次决策都是受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等因素的制约。

·But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.但是这种简化倾向会他们对于其他的可选项视而不见。

·Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best—that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中哪一个是最好的—哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。

·Different individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.·Because different individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.因为个人通常会就如何达到目标持不同见解，所以最佳选择往往取决于谁来决策。

自考00015英语二重点语法复习笔记1. 一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）1.1 定义与用法：一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

常用时间状语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/week/month/year, on weekends等。

1.2 谓语动词的构成：一般现在时的谓语动词构成：（1）一般动词：原形（2）第三人称单数（he/she/it）：动词原形 + "s" / "es"（3）不可数名词或复数名词：动词原形1.3 示例：（1）I always go to bed early.（我总是早睡。

）（2）She watches TV every evening.（她每天晚上都看电视。

）（3）They eat breakfast at home.（他们在家吃早餐。

）2. 进行时态（Present Continuous Tense）2.1 定义与用法：进行时态表示现在正在进行的动作。

它一般用于表示现阶段的动作，常用时间状语有：now, at the moment, at present等。

2.2 谓语动词的构成：进行时态的谓语动词构成：be动词（am/is/are） + 现在分词（-ing形式）2.3 示例：（1）She is studying in the library now.（她现在正在图书馆学习。

）（2）We are watching a movie at the moment.（我们现在正在看电影。

）（3）He is eating dinner with his family.（他正在和家人一起吃晚饭。

）3. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）3.1 定义与用法：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

常用时间状语有：yesterday, last week/month/year, in 1999等。

00015英语二重点语法（结合考题讲解）综合英语（二）常考的语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句，虚拟语气，反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态，名词性从句，形容词副词的比较级，主谓一致,倒装等等.下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解.名词1。

大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如： army ， audience ，class ， committee ， crew （全体船员，乘务员）， crowd ， faculty , family ， government ， group , orchestra ， team , union 等。

强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。

如：The government is paying close attention to economic development.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter。

2。

有些名词形式为复数，却用作单数，如 :electronics（电子学），mathematics（数学）， optics( 光学） , politics ， statistics( 统计学）， economics (经济学）, physics 等。

例如：Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.3. 名词作定语时，除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外，其它修饰词不能变成复数。

例如a woman teacher ———- two women teachersa man doctor -—-- two men doctorsa girl student -—-— five girl studentsa boy student -——-six boy students4。

复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数.如：looker(s)—on ， runner（s)—up ，sister(s）-in-law ， editor（s）—in—chief ，passer（s）—by ， grand-child（ren），shoe lace（s）， blood type(s) 等.5。

自考综合英语二（0015）课文三TextAfriendshipandloyalty重点词汇纪要Friendship and LoyaltyHow many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend,who will stick by you,through thick and thin.A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend.If you have a loyal friend,you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.reflection 反思recognize 认出consist 在于stick 坚持through 通过thick 粗的部分thin 细小部分betray 背叛virtue 美德The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend.However,this new trend may lead to disasters.It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.current 现在的trend 趋势befriend 扶助request 请求however 然而lead 领导disaster 灾难popular 流行的trendy 时髦network 广播网multitude 群众mutual 共同的a term used on the popular facebook’s site if B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever.Are they really your best friends forever?You might ask yourself this question,“Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook,or perish the thought,engage in gossip about me with others？If the answer to that is,”I don’t know”,more than likely,they will not be your best friends forever.Maybe not,even for a day.I choose to have a B.L.F.,a best loyal friend,for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.term 学期site 地点acronym 首字母might 可以share 分担private 私人perish 打消engage 从事gossip 闲聊likely 有希望的challenged 受挑战的during 在什么时候technology 技术fast-talking 快速聊天Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bankaccount.More often than not,your deposits gain interest,an interest in your well-being and welfare.A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend.In essence,water does seek its own level.akin 类似be akin todeposit存款interest兴趣well-being幸福welfare福利attract吸引essence本质in essencelevel水平If you were a B.L.F.way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I’m sure you under stand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F.to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others.These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.gain 收获notoriety 恶名premise 前提exploit开发seem 似乎trait 特点A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party.They will attend your party and celebrate you,just in the way a best loyal friend should do.care 在意invite 邀请attend 出席celebrate 庆祝Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on thepages of Facebook.However a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty.My caution to you is that you’d better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics,“A smile is just a frown turned upside d own,my friend.”Now,that is the undisputed truth for my generation.reconnect 使再结合virtual 虚拟的assure 担保caution 告诫attention 注意关心pay attention toeighties 八十年代in the eightieswarn of 警告contain 包含lyric 歌词frown 皱眉upside 上面turn upside down 完全颠倒undisputed 无可争辩truth 真实generation 一代。

自考00015英语二复习资料必须掌握重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织； organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade __________. 4). He is the __________ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言； predictable: a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的； simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 被简化的。

Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______a question of procedure. 4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…， tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营； management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。

高等教化自学考试英语〔二〕题型分析及重点归类更多最新自考资料请在百度搜自考一点通一、英语〔二〕考试题型分析：依据历年考试状况来看，自考英语〔二〕这门课程题型根本不变，只是题量有所改变，我们以考试状况为例，题型大致包括以下六种题型，各题型及所占比值如下：由各题型分值分布比重我们可以看出，阅读题和翻译题占整体试卷的60%，因此，平常应多留意加强阅读，多动笔练习句子的翻译，尽可能的扩大词汇量。

而对于单词拼法和单词正确形式填空，那么较简单拿分，须要大家清楚精确记忆单词以及它相关的一些其它词性。

而单项选择题和完形填空题，那么须要大家对学问点全面把握，力求做到夯实根底，高效提分，最终顺当通过考试。

二、英语〔二〕考试重点说明：我们将学问点按考察几率及重要性分为三个等级，即一级重点、二级重点、三级重点，其中，一级重点为必考点，本次考试考察频率高；二级重点为次重点，考察频率较高；三级重点为预料考点，考察频率一般，但有可能考察的学问点。

Unit 11．alternative 单词含义 P (二级重点) 单项选择，完形，单词拼法2．available 单词的含义 P (二级重点) 单项选择，完形3．短语 in the way P1.1.5 〔三级重点〕单项选择，完形4．单词predict P1.〔三级重点〕单项选择，完形5．单词accompany的含义及用法 P1.2.8〔二级重点〕单项选择6. tendency to do sth. P〔二级重点〕完形，单词正确形式填空7. 短语contribute to的含义 P (一级重点) 单项选择，翻译8. 单词simplify的含义以及它的几个变形simple - simplify - simplified. P11.2 (一级重点) 单项选择，单词的正确形式填空。

9. 单词 profit及它的变形 profit –profitable P11.3 〔三级重点〕单项选择，单词的正确形式填空。