东京备忘录新检查机制总体介绍

2018年东京备忘录集中大检查及应对建议刘琛崔峰摘要：2018年9月到11月，东京备忘录组织将针对船舶履行MARPOL附则VI的情况开展集中大检查。

总结东京备忘录组织近年来对MARPOL附则VI履约的检查情况，分析港口国监督对MARPOL附则VI履约的检查项目及检查要点，并给出相关依据，最后从船东、船员和船检机构三个角度提出应对建议。

关键词：东京备忘录；港口国监督；集中大检查；MARPOL附则VI；履约DOI:10.16176/ki.21-1284.2018.08.002一、前言2017年9月，东京备忘录组织在俄罗斯召开的第28次港口国监督委员会（PSCC）会议上，确定2018年9月至11月与巴黎备忘录组织联合开展2018年集中大检查（CIC）。

根据东京备忘录网站发布的消息，本次集中大检查的内容为《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》附则VI《防止船舶造成大气污染规则》（以下简称MARPOL附则VI）的符合性检查。

届时，印度洋备忘录、黑海备忘录等备忘录组织也将开展相同内容的集中大检查。

一般而言，集中大检查较常规检查更为具体和详细，同时，集中大检查期间进行的所有港口国监督（PSC）检查都将开展集中大检查的内容。

因此，建议在此期间进入检查窗口期的船舶高度重视本船对MARPOL附则VI的履约情况，积极应对本次集中大检查。

二、M A RPOL附则VI检查情况表1列出了东京备忘录组织近年关于MARPOL 附则VI的PSC检查缺陷数量和在全部缺陷中的占比情况，各年度MARPOL附则VI缺陷占比变化趋势见图1。

由图1可以看出，与MARPOL附则VI有关的缺陷数量及占比呈明显上升趋势，反映出东京备忘录区域内的港口国监督对MARPOL附则VI的日趋重视。

三、2018年集中大检查要点根据惯例，东京备忘录通常每年的7—8月在其网站发布当前的CIC问卷。

虽然2018年的问卷尚未发布，但由于每次大检查的内容较集中，且MARPOL附则VI涉及的检查内容有限，笔者根据以往PSC检查的经验，提出2018年集中大检查的相关检查要点。

诸位：挖一挖PSC报告深藏的机密！展开全文PSC 报告,怎么读?还真是个问题，不少朋友会不太明白，在开聊之前，扯几局。

无意苦争春,PSCReady本是无心插柳，没想博得如此厚爱，感谢各位。

不少行业自媒体的朋友说PSCReady的文章不错，推送的时候，不仅不标注来源和出处，甚至要把我们的水印也要P掉，心机深的一逼。

功名万里忙如燕，斯文一脉微如线各位，都是文化人，斯文很重要!我们在图片和文中加了PSCReady的字样，视频中也加了一些。

各位自媒体的朋友，请尊重原创作者,申请转载,请参阅我们的转载要求。

原创辛苦，光阴寸隙流如电，风霜两鬓白如练,PSCReady的作者，为了出点好文章,苦思冥想,两鬓已如练。

尽管各位不在意稿酬的高低，但没有点报酬，PSCReady于心何忍？我们的广告收入和打赏基本用来支付作者稿酬，请各位自媒体的朋友理解，请按照正规渠道转载我们的文章，我们是开放包容的，希望尊重原创，希望能形成持续的创作动力。

也希望各位朋友阅读的时候能够谅解，PSCReady的logo可能会给大家带来不爽的感觉。

这几日,有朋友一直问,PSC报告怎么读的问题,这是个好问题。

不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼，不知己，每战必殆，知己知彼，百战不殆，了解了PSCO的检查重点，检查手法，在此基础上做好预判，才能更好的有效应对，有效迎检。

对于刚入行的朋友确实存在这样的问题,几个月才有一次PSC检查,检查后报告会留在船长那,如果跟船长交流的少,自然很少看到报告,下面是各个备忘录不同的报告,东京备忘录的、USCG的、巴黎备忘录的。

其实大同小异，下面我们以东京备忘录的检查报告为例，进行解读下，告诉大家看报告的时候怎么看，看什么，要点是什么！东京备忘录的PSC检查报告，有标准模板，整个东京备忘录的国家，无论韩国、日本、中国、香港等都是用的同一个版本。

东京备忘录的PSC报告，分两部分，Form A和Form B两部分。

先说Form A下面是一个标准模板，这个模板里，我们将他划分成了6个部分,用红色进行了标识：1是抬头部分,这部分写明是东京备忘录的哪个国家检查的,如果是中国,在authority部位会注明是China，并且有联系电话和地址，船旗国如果对这张报告有质疑，可以通过此处的电话和邮箱进行申诉。

东京备忘录引入新的检查制度东京备忘录引入一个新的检查制度(NIR) 从 2014 年 1 月 1 日起生效;按照新检查机制设计，低风险船舶的受检频率将下降，从而进一步降低此类船舶的运营成本，提高该类船舶的市场竞争力；但是对高风险船舶，新检查机制将使得其频繁接受检查，从而陷入“越检查分值越高，分值越高越容易接受检查”的恶性循环。

因此，请大家对旗下船舶加强管理，减小风险值，避免落入恶性循环。

新检查机制考虑范围及因素包括:(1) 船型(2) 船龄(3) 滞留率比较高的船舶(4) 在东京备忘录地区被 PSC检查后滞留率百分比高的船级协会 (RO) 。

(5)在船舶管理方面比较差的管理公司(6）过去36个月滞留的次数（3次滞留累记1分）HRS—high risk ship 高风险船舶 2 - 4 月SRS—standard risk ship 标准风险船舶 5 - 8 月LRS---low risk ship 低风险船舶 9 - 18 月同时,船级协会(RO)在东京备忘录地区的船舶检查滞留率百分比（DETENTION %）也同样是非常的重要；也就是说:"船级协会(RO)"在东京备忘录地区的船舶检查滞留率百分比（DETENTION %）越高;则在该船级协会(RO)里的船舶自2014年1月1日起也就是东京备忘录地区PSC要重点检查的对象"。

現在东京备忘录在网上船舶資料(SHIP DETAILS)里会多显示出一个信息(High Risk Ship, Priority II Window Inspection Range: XX(日).XX(月). 20xx (年)- XX (日). XX(月). 2014 (年); 告知东京备忘录地区所有PSC该船舶须要加強检查的時間.。

附件1NEW INSPECTION REGIME新检查机制（NIR）1 Ship Risk Profile1 船舶风险属性1.1 All ships in the information system of APCIS will be assigned either as high, standard or low risk based on generic and historic parameters.1.1 依据类别和历史参数，港口国监督亚太地区计算机信息系统（以下简称APCIS）中的所有船舶可分为3类：高风险、标准风险和低风险。

1.2 High Risk Ships (HRS) are ships which meet criteria to a total value of 4 or more weighting points.1.2 高风险船舶是指满足对应标准，权重值之和大于或等于4的船舶。

1.3 Low Risk Ships (LRS) are ships which meet all the criteria of the LRS parameters and have had at least one inspection in the previous 36 months.1.3 低风险船舶是指满足所有的对应参数标准，并且在过去36个月中至少接受过一次检查的船舶。

1.4 Standard Risk Ships (SRS) are ships which are neither LRS nor HRS.1.4 除高风险及低风险之外的船舶为标准风险船舶。

Table 1 – Ship Risk ProfileParametersProfileHigh Risk Ship (HRS)(When sum of weightingpoints >=4)StandardRisk Ship(SRS)Low Risk Ship(LRS)Criteria WeightingpointsCriteria CriteriaType of ShipChemicaltanker,Gas Carrier,Oil tanker,Bulk carrier,Passengership2NeitherLRSnorHRS-Age of Ship All types > 12y 1 -Flag BGW-list1)Black 1 White VIMSAS2)- - YesRecognized Organization RO of TokyoMOU3)- - Yes Performance4)LowVery Low1 HighCompany performance5)LowVery Low2 HighDeficiencies Number ofdeficienciesrecorded ineachinspectionwithin previous36 monthsHow manyinspectionswere therewhichrecorded over5 deficiencies?No. ofinspectionswhichrecordedover 5deficienciesAll inspectionshave 5 or lessdeficiencies (atleast oneinspection withinprevious 36months)Detentions Number ofDetentionwithin previous36 months3 or moredetentions1 No detention表1 船舶风险属性参数属性高风险船舶(HRS)(权重值之和>=4)标准风险船舶(SRS)低风险船舶(LRS) 标准权值标准标准船型化学品船油轮液化气船散货船客船2既不属于高风险船舶也不属于低风险船舶的船舶-船龄所有船型> 12年1 -船旗黑白灰名单1)黑名单 1 白名单IMO自愿审核2)- - 是认可组织东京备忘录认可3)- - 是绩效4)低极低1 高公司绩效5)低极低2 高缺陷过去36个月内历次检查记录的缺陷数目记录缺陷数超过5个的检查次数?记录缺陷数超过5个的检查次数即为本项分值缺陷数等于或小于5个的所有检查(36个月内至少接受过一次检查)滞留过去36个月内的滞留次数大于或等于3此滞留1 无滞留1) The Black, Grey and White list for flag State performance is established annually taking account of the inspection and detention history over the preceding three calendar years and is adopted by the Tokyo MOU Committee to publish in the Annual Report.1) 船旗国绩效中的黑灰白名单是每年综合考虑其过去3个日历年度内检查和滞留的历史情况而得出的并将在东京备忘录委员会发布的年度报告中予以公示。

IMO No.Ship Name ShipFlag Year ofbuildGrossTonnageShip Type Classification societyRelated ROs Company Place ofdetentionDateofdetentionDateofreleaseNature of deficiencies14104 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil filtering equipment(no responsibility of RO)07101 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire prevention structural integrity (noresponsibility of RO)8811687FRIOPOSEIDON Belize198812413Refrigerated cargoBureauVeritasBureauVeritas;Baltmed ReeferServices LtdOsaka,Japan01.11.201203.11.201207113 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire pumps and its pipes (no responsibility ofRO)15105 - ISM - Resources and personnel (no responsibility of RO)15105 - ISM - Resources and personnel (no responsibility of RO)14404 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX IV - Sewage dischargeconnection (no responsibility of RO)14501 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX V - Garbage (noresponsibility of RO)07113 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire pumps and its pipes (no responsibility ofRO)07115 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire-dampers (no responsibility of RO)14119 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil and oily mixturesfrom machinery spaces (no responsibility of RO)07105 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire doors/openings in fire-resisting divisions(no responsibility of RO)10103 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Radar (no responsibility of RO)10104 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Gyro compass (no responsibility of RO)03107 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Doors (no responsibility of RO)07108 - FIRE SAFETY - Ready availability of fire fighting equipment (noresponsibility of RO)07106 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire detection and alarm system (noresponsibility of RO)15105 - ISM - Resources and personnel (no responsibility of RO)9172909YU HSIANGMARU Vanuatu19972713Refrigerated cargoNippon KaijiKyokaiNipponKaijiKyokai;ATLAS SHIPMANAGEMENT COLTDShimizu,Japan02.11.201208.11.201204102 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Emergency fire pump and its pipes (noresponsibility of RO)8321010WAN HAI Cambodia19861457Generalcargo/multipurpose Global MarineBureau Inc.GlobalMarineBureauInc.;HONG CHUANINTERNATIONALLOGISTICSCOMPANY LTDWeihai,China02.11.201202.11.201211123 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Emergency equipment for 2-way comm.(no responsibility of RO)15109 - ISM - Maintenance of the ship and equipment (no responsibilityof RO)07109 - FIRE SAFETY - Fixed fire extinguishing installation (noresponsibility of RO)07125 - FIRE SAFETY - Evaluation of crew performance (fire drills) (noresponsibility of RO)YINGKOU POWERSHIP MANAGEMENTCO., LTDPohang,Korea,Republic of05.11.201208.11.20121998Generalcargo/multipurpose No class UnionBureau ofShipping;9378967HUA SHUNDA 3Cambodia2004JIAYU HKDEVELOPMENT CO.LTDHong Kong,Hong Kong,China02.11.2012 2005Generalcargo/multipurposeSing-Lloyd Sing-Lloyd;8656879HONG D Mongolia1989SHINLINESENDIRIANBERHADTianjin,China01.11.201201.11.2012 5554Generalcargo/multipurposeNippon KaijiKyokaiNipponKaijiKyokai;8922199SHINLINE9Malaysia1990P&F MARINE COLTDShenzhen,China01.11.201201.11.2012 7727Generalcargo/multiNippon KaijiKyokaiNipponKaiji9473511SUNJEWELRY Panama2007Bremer LloydReederei GmbH &Co KGXiamen,China01.11.2012 6351Generalcargo/multipurposeGermanischerLloydGermanischer Lloyd;9448451NINA SCAN AntiguaandBarbuda20079379272MERCURYTRIUMPH Panama20059680Generalcargo/multipurposeNippon KaijiKyokaiNipponKaijiKyokai;TODA SHIP CO.,LTD.Vungtau,Vietnam05.11.201206.11.201211101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)KoreanRegister ofShipping;14402 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX IV - Sewage treatment plant(no responsibility of RO)Other;07110 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire fighting equipment and appliances (noresponsibility of RO)7706354BOSS Cambodia19785572Generalcargo/multipurpose Global MarineBureau Inc.GlobalMarineBureauInc.;JESSY SHIPPINGCO LTDDe-Kastri,RussianFederation05.11.201213102 - PROPULSION AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY - Auxiliary engine (noresponsibility of RO)01214 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - CREW CERTIFICATES - Endorsementby flagstate (no responsibility of RO)15107 - ISM - Emergency preparedness (no responsibility of RO)07116 - FIRE SAFETY - Ventilation (Sing-Lloyd)04109 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Fire drills (no responsibility of RO)AmericanBureau ofShipping;04102 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Emergency fire pump and its pipes (noresponsibility of RO)NipponKaijiKyokai;11104 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Rescue boats (no responsibility of RO)12101 - DANGEROUS GOODS - Stowage/segregation/packaging dangerous goods(no responsibility of RO)07106 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire detection and alarm system (noresponsibility of RO)07113 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire pumps and its pipes (no responsibility ofRO)07123 - FIRE SAFETY - Operation of Fire protection systems (noresponsibility of RO)15105 - ISM - Resources and personnel (no responsibility of RO)07114 - FIRE SAFETY - Remote Means of control(opening,pumps,ventilation,etc.) Machinery spaces (no responsibility ofRO)04106 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Emergency steering position com./ compassreading (no responsibility of RO)05111 - RADIO COMMUNICATIONS - Satellite EPIRB 406MHz/1.6GHz (noresponsibility of RO)03104 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Cargo & other hatchways (noresponsibility of RO)11123 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Emergency equipment for 2-way comm.(no responsibility of RO)15105 - ISM - Resources and personnel (no responsibility of RO)04109 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Fire drills (no responsibility of RO) Qingdao FotoInternationalNagoya,Aichi,06.11.201210.11.20122431Generalcargo/multiChinaClassificatioChinaClassificat9507441FU YING MarshallIslands 2007Minh Tuan COM.Haikou,China06.11.201207.11.2012 1443Generalcargo/multipurposeVietnamRegister ofShippingVietnamRegister ofShipping;9360570MINH TUAN25Vietnam2004HUA HENGSHIPPINGLIMITEDGunsan,Korea,Republic of05.11.2012 1915Generalcargo/multipurposeNo class UnionBureau ofShipping;8513546MINGGUANG Cambodia1986RICKMERSREEDEREI GMBH &CIE KGShenzhen,China05.11.201205.11.201205.11.201206.11.20129289960MAERSKDAVAO Liberia200454214Container GermanischerLloydGermanischer Lloyd;16.11.20129392884DIAMONDCORAL Panama20073419Gas carrier Nippon KaijiKyokaiSWAN SHIPPINGCORPNantong,ChinaSing-Lloyd;FORESIGHTMARINE LIMITEDMoji/Kitakyushu, Japan05.11.2012Tianjin,China05.11.201206.11.20129405136ASIA STAR Mongolia20052988Generalcargo/multipurpose Sing-Lloyd39517BulkcarrierKoreanRegister ofShippingRAHBARAN OMIDDARYA SHIPMANAGEMENT CO.9226944MAHSAN Tanzania, UnitedRepublicof200017102 - OTHER - Other (SOLAS operational) (no responsibility of RO)8517815OSTROVBERINGA Panama19855757Refrigerated cargoNippon KaijiKyokaiBureauVeritas;LASKARIDISSHIPPING CO.,Busan,Korea,06.11.201208.11.201207105 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire doors/openings in fire-resisting divisions(Nippon Kaiji Kyokai)07106 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire detection and alarm system (noresponsibility of RO)04102 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Emergency fire pump and its pipes (noresponsibility of RO)01216 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - CREW CERTIFICATES - Other(STCW) (no responsibility of RO)BureauVeritas;15105 - ISM - Resources and personnel (no responsibility of RO)Lloyd'sRegister;11101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)9530620XINGGUANG 18Panama20078850Generalcargo/multipurpInternationalRegister ofShippinInternational Registerf ShipXINGGUANG INT'LMARINEMANAGEMENT CONanjing,China07.11.201208.11.201211101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)BureauVeritas;01117 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES -International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) (no responsibility of RO)Lloyd'sRegister;01101 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Equipment (including exemption) (no responsibility of RO)01108 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Load Lines(including Exemption) (no responsibility of RO)01124 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES -International Air Pollution Cert. (no responsibility of RO)01104 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Radio (including exemption) (no responsibility of RO)01102 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Construction (including exempt.) (no responsibility of RO)9546162FENG ZHOU China20073726Oil tanker ChinaClassification S i tChinaClassificati nNanjing TankerCorporationHaiphong,Vietnam07.11.201207108 - FIRE SAFETY - Ready availability of fire fighting equipment (noresponsibility of RO)01123 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Continuoussynopsis record (no responsibility of RO)14402 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX IV - Sewage treatment plant(no responsibility of RO)01134 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Other(certificates) (no responsibility of RO)01134 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Other(certificates) (no responsibility of RO)01131 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES -International Anti-fouling-System Certificate (no responsibility of RO)07109 - FIRE SAFETY - Fixed fire extinguishing installation (no PT LogindoSamudramakmurHong Kong,Hong Kong,China08.11.20121461OffshoresupplyAmericanBureau ofShippingAmericanBureau ofShipping;9640451LOGINDOSTATURE Indonesia2011V SHIPS MONACOSAMShantou,China07.11.201209.11.2012Shenzhen,China06.11.201206.11.20129490739SLETTNES MarshallIslands 200932837BulkcarrierBureauVeritas13696BulkcarrierLloyd'sRegisterSPLOSNA PLOVBADOO (SPLOSNAPLOVBAINTERNATIONALSHIPPING&9044009KOPER Liberia1992HONG KONG SHUNFAINTERNATIONALSHIPPINGLIMITED(CHINA)Tokyo,Japan06.11.201207.11.2012 1483Generalcargo/multipurposeNo class International Registerof Ship;9093892SHUN FA10SierraLeone1986Management CoLtdSociety;05111 - RADIO COMMUNICATIONS - Satellite EPIRB 406MHz/1.6GHz (no responsibility of RO)04108 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Muster list (no responsibility of RO)14503 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX V - Garbage management plan (no responsibility of RO)14104 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil filtering equipment (no responsibility of RO)01320 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - DOCUMENTS - Garbage record book (no responsibility of RO)10109 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Lights, shapes, sound-signals (no responsibility of RO)8618463FARO Cambodia1986378Refrigerated cargo No class GlobalMarineBureauInc;GRACE SHIPMANAGEMENTCO.,LTD.Busan,Korea,Republic of08.11.201209.11.201201214 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - CREW CERTIFICATES - Endorsementby flagstate (no responsibility of RO)IsthmusBureau ofShipping,S01107 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - SafetyManagement Certificate (SMC/ ISM) (no responsibility of RO)Other;07108 - FIRE SAFETY - Ready availability of fire fighting equipment (noresponsibility of RO)07123 - FIRE SAFETY - Operation of Fire protection systems (noresponsibility of RO)07108 - FIRE SAFETY - Ready availability of fire fighting equipment (noresponsibility of RO)04102 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Emergency fire pump and its pipes (noresponsibility of RO)07101 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire prevention structural integrity (noresponsibility of RO)9370226CROSSANDRA Panama200649720WoodchipcarrierNippon KaijiKyokaiNipponKaijiKyokai;Fair FieldShipping Co Ltd(Fair Field)Takamatsu,Japan09.11.201209.11.201201201 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - CREW CERTIFICATES -Certificates for master and officers (no responsibility of RO)03108 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Ventilators, air pipes, casings(no responsibility of RO)03108 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Ventilators, air pipes, casings(no responsibility of RO)8808288REDFORTUNE SierraLeone19881446Generalcargo/multipurpNo class UnionBureau ofShippinHuawei ShippingCo LtdWakayama,Japan09.11.201211.11.201207116 - FIRE SAFETY - Ventilation (Union Bureau of Shipping)8304048HAI OU Cambodia19831528Generalcargo/multipurpose No class UnionBureau ofShipping;Dana ShippingCo LtdLianyungang, China09.11.201211.11.201201201 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - CREW CERTIFICATES -Certificates for master and officers (no responsibility of RO)07106 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire detection and alarm system (noresponsibility of RO)01107 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - SafetyManagement Certificate (SMC/ ISM) (no responsibility of RO)07110 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire fighting equipment and appliances (no13.11.2012UnionBureau ofShipping;FOR-SHINEINTERNATIONALSHIPPING(H.K.)CO.,LIMITED(CHINA)Busan,Korea,Republic of12.11.2012Nantong,China09.11.201210.11.20128848965FOR SHINE168Cambodia19871486Refrigerated cargoNo class8217685SUN SHINE SierraLeone 19824113Generalcargo/multipurposeOverseasMarineCertificationServicesOverseasMarineCertification ;Hizhou ShippingCo LtdNipponKaijiKyokai;GLORYNAVIGATION CO.,LTD.TanjungPriok,Indonesia08.11.2012Tianjin,China08.11.201210.11.20129124201TIMBERDYNASTY Singapore19945543Generalcargo/multipurposeNippon KaijiKyokai25939BulkcarrierNippon KaijiKyokaiVINALINESHaiphong9159414VINALINESGREENPanama199707110 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire fighting equipment and appliances (Union Bureau of Shipping)07124 - FIRE SAFETY - Maintenance of Fire protection systems (no responsibility of RO)OverseasMarineC rtifi ti 05114 - RADIO COMMUNICATIONS - Reserve source of energy (no responsibility of RO)Union Bureau of Shipping;15109 - ISM - Maintenance of the ship and equipment (no responsibility of RO)05105 - RADIO COMMUNICATIONS - MF/HF Radio installation (no responsibility of RO)10114 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Voyage data recorder (VDR)/Simplified Voyage data recorder(S-VDR) (no responsibility of RO)11101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)9431367BAC LUAN18Vietnam20051598OtherspecialactivitiesVietnamRegister ofShippingVietnamRegister ofShipping;BAC LUANSHIPPINGCOMPANY LIMITEDBeihai,China12.11.201213.11.201207106 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire detection and alarm system (noresponsibility of RO)04109 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Fire drills (no responsibility of RO)15107 - ISM - Emergency preparedness (no responsibility of RO)14104 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil filtering equipment(no responsibility of RO)14108 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - 15 PPM Alarm arrangmts.(no responsibility of RO)14104 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil filtering equipment(no responsibility of RO)07114 - FIRE SAFETY - Remote Means of control(opening,pumps,ventilation,etc.) Machinery spaces (no responsibility ofRO)9361407AO YANG18Cambodia20042990Generalcargo/multipurposeUniversalMaritimeBureau LtdUniversalMaritimeBureau Ltd;AOYANGINTERNATIONALCOMPANY LIMITEDTaizhou,Jiangsu,China12.11.201207113 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire pumps and its pipes (no responsibility ofRO)05118 - RADIO COMMUNICATIONS - Operation of GMDSS equipment (noresponsibility of RO)07123 - FIRE SAFETY - Operation of Fire protection systems (noresponsibility of RO)03107 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Doors (no responsibility of RO)04109 - EMERGENCY SYSTEMS - Fire drills (no responsibility of RO)07105 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire doors/openings in fire-resisting divisions(no responsibility of RO)14119 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil and oily mixturesfrom machinery spaces (no responsibility of RO)NationalShippingAdjuster07114 - FIRE SAFETY - Remote Means of control(opening,pumps,ventilation,etc.) Machinery spaces (no responsibility ofRO)Lianyungang, China13.11.201215.11.20121598Generalcargo/multipurposeNationalShippingAdjuster Inc.Hua TaiShippingCompany Limited8810396GOLD TIME Panama1988Fu ShengShipping SafetyManagementConsultant CoLtdHong Kong,Hong Kong,China12.11.2012 2047Refrigerated cargoPanamaMaritimeDocumentationServicesPanamaMaritimeDocumentation ;8221947SHEN XING Panama1982FuZHouChangningShipping Co LtdMaoming,China12.11.201213.11.2012 5410Generalcargo/multipurposeOther;8749248DING XIN16SierraLeone2007Weihai XinhaiShipping Co LtdOsaka,Japan12.11.201216.11.2012 2998Generalcargo/multipurposeIntermaritimeCertificationServices,IntermaritimeCertificati9625487JIA LONG Belize2010Jiangsu HuaxiShip ManagementCo LtdXiamen,China12.11.201212.11.20129009140GOLDENHUAREN Panama199153827BulkcarrierRegistroItalianoNavaleRegistroItalianoNavale;8200424ANILA Cambodia19812852Generalcargo/multipurpose No class SHIN UNIONSHIPPING CO LTDChangshu,ChinaOverseasMarine Certificati 03108 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Ventilators, air pipes, casings (no responsibility of RO)Panama Maritime Documentation;03105 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Covers (hatchway-, portable-, tarpaulins, etc.) (no responsibility of RO)03105 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Covers (hatchway-, portable-, tarpaulins, etc.) (no responsibility of RO)07101 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire prevention structural integrity (no responsibility of RO)10111 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Charts (no responsibility of RO)10116 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Nautical publications (no responsibility of RO)07124 - FIRE SAFETY - Maintenance of Fire protection systems (no responsibility of RO)14119 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil and oily mixtures from machinery spaces (no responsibility of RO)07105 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire doors/openings in fire-resisting divisions (no responsibility of RO)07125 - FIRE SAFETY - Evaluation of crew performance (fire drills) (no responsibility of RO)07110 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire fighting equipment and appliances (no responsibility of RO)11108 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Inflatable liferafts (noresponsibility of RO)10111 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Charts (no responsibility of RO)9140504EVERHARVEST Cambodia19951998Generalcargo/multipurposeNo class UnionBureau ofShipping;NautikaInternationalShipping Co LtdTokyo,Japan13.11.201214.11.201201214 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - CREW CERTIFICATES - Endorsementby flagstate (no responsibility of RO)03107 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Doors (no responsibility of RO)01106 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Document ofCompliance (DoC/ ISM) (no responsibility of RO)11104 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Rescue boats (no responsibility of RO)8999881RUI YANG Cambodia20042879Generalcargo/multipurpose No class UniversalMaritimeBureau Ltd;Yantai PingyangShipping Co LtdSendaishiogama, Japan14.11.201220.11.201211101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)14402 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX IV - Sewage treatment plant(Union Bureau of Shipping)02111 - STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS - Beams, frames, floors-corrosion (UnionBureau of Shipping)03103 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Railing, gangway, walkway andmeans for safe passage (Union Bureau of Shipping)03105 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Covers (hatchway-, portable-,tarpaulins, etc.) (Union Bureau of Shipping)Uwajima,Japan14.11.20128974996GUANXIANG 3Cambodia1989448Refrigerated cargoNo class UnionBureau ofShipping;INTERNATIONALKAITAI ECONOMYTRADING CO.,LIMITED.PT BiroKlasifikasiIndonesia;PT WahanaBarunaKhatulistiwaSaigon,Vietnam13.11.2012Nanjing,China13.11.201215.11.20127400522CAPRICORN25Indonesia1975877Generalcargo/multipurposePT BiroKlasifikasiIndonesia8225436KUK SAN Korea,DemocraticPeople's 198212811Generalcargo/multipurposeKoreaClassification SocietyKoreaClassificationSociety;KOREA KUKSANSHIPPING CO.KoreaClassificationSociety;Korea RyonghungShipping CoHong Kong,Hong Kong,China13.11.20128735924O KA SAN Korea,DemocraticPeople'sRepublicof 19951861Container KoreaClassification Society01214 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - CREW CERTIFICATES - Endorsement by flagstate (no responsibility of RO)9136632SANGO TAN Panama19951899Chemicaltanker Nippon KaijiKyokaiNipponKaijiKyokai;Iwasaki KisenKK (IwasakiKisen Co Ltd)Osaka,Japan14.11.201216.11.201207113 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire pumps and its pipes (no responsibility ofRO)9256377HANSAMAGDEBURG Liberia200218334Otherspecialti itiGermanischerLloydDet NorskeVeritas;LEONHARDT &BLUMBERGREEDEREI GMBH&Gwangyang,Korea,R bli f16.11.201215108 - ISM - Reports of non-conf., accidents & hazardous occur. (noresponsibility of RO)9248904PAVIAN Liberia200140562Bulkcarrier GermanischerLloydGermanischer Lloyd;REEDEREI BLUESTAR GMBHYantai,China17.11.201218.11.201214104 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - Oil filtering equipment(no responsibility of RO)SING LLOYD;01107 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - SafetyManagement Certificate (SMC/ ISM) (no responsibility of RO)Sing-Lloyd;01113 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - MinimumSafe Manning Document (no responsibility of RO)01104 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Radio (including exemption) (no responsibility of RO)01124 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES -International Air Pollution Cert. (no responsibility of RO)01102 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Construction (including exempt.) (no responsibility of RO)01117 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES -International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) (no responsibility of RO)01106 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Document ofCompliance (DoC/ ISM) (no responsibility of RO)01108 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Load Lines(including Exemption) (no responsibility of RO)01101 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Equipment (including exemption) (no responsibility of RO)Germanischer Lloyd;07116 - FIRE SAFETY - Ventilation (no responsibility of RO)International Registerof Ship;09232 - LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS - WORKING CONDITIONS -Cleanliness of engine room (no responsibility of RO)ChinaCorporationRegister of07113 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire pumps and its pipes (no responsibility ofRO)IntermaritimeCertification Se;02114 - STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS - Bulkhead -corrosion (IntermaritimeCertification Services, S.A.)03105 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Covers (hatchway-, portable-,tarpaulins, etc.) (no responsibility of RO)JACKSOONSHIPPING SAFETYMANAGEMENTCONSULTANT COLTDNingde,China19.11.2012Yangzhou,China19.11.20127908926GUI SHUN Panama197911158Bulkcarrier Intermaritime Certification Services,S.A.4947Generalcargo/multipurpose Nippon KaijiKyokaiSingmarine ShipManagement Pte.Ltd.9189720BAO WANG Panama1998KATA MARINESDN. BHDLabuan,Sabah,Malaysia19.11.20128911231RAWU III SierraLeone1990729Oil tanker Sing-Lloyd8724705LARK Cambodia1986947Generalcargo/multipurpose No class GlobalMarineBureauIJESSY SHIPPINGCO LTDNakhodka,RussianFederation19.11.201209224 - LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS - WORKING CONDITIONS - Stowage ofcargo (no responsibility of RO)09232 - LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS - WORKING CONDITIONS -Cleanliness of engine room (no responsibility of RO)03107 - WATER/WEATHERTIGHT CONDITIONS - Doors (no responsibility of RO)10116 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Nautical publications (no responsibilityof RO)14108 - POLLUTION PREVENTION - MARPOL ANNEX I - 15 PPM Alarm arrangmts.(no responsibility of RO)11123 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Emergency equipment for 2-way comm.(no responsibility of RO)11101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)07114 - FIRE SAFETY - Remote Means of control(opening,pumps,ventilation,etc.) Machinery spaces (no responsibility ofRO)07114 - FIRE SAFETY - Remote Means of control(opening,pumps,ventilation,etc.) Machinery spaces (no responsibility ofRO)01104 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Radio (including exemption) (no responsibility of RO)01101 - CERTIFICATE AND DOCUMENTATION - SHIP CERTIFICATES - Cargo ShipSafety Equipment (including exemption) (no responsibility of RO)IsthmusBureau of02116 - STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS - Bulkheads - cracking (no responsibilityof RO)NipponKaijiK k i02116 - STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS - Bulkheads - cracking (no responsibilityof RO)13102 - PROPULSION AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY - Auxiliary engine (noresponsibility of RO)11101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)11101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)07108 - FIRE SAFETY - Ready availability of fire fighting equipment (noresponsibility of RO)AmericanBureau ofShippin07113 - FIRE SAFETY - Fire pumps and its pipes (no responsibility ofRO)Det NorskeVeritas;11101 - LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES - Lifeboats (no responsibility of RO)10116 - SAFETY OF NAVIGATION - Nautical publications (no responsibilityof RO)GLENN DEFENSEMARINE (ASIA)Manila,Philippines20.11.201220.11.201221.11.20128604424GLENNENTERPRIS Tuvalu1986714Generalcargo/multiInternationalShipInternational Ship22.11.20128819184FRONTIERHACHI Panama198918033ChemicaltankerDet NorskeVeritasNorstar ShipManagement PteLtdNantong,ChinaVietnamRegister ofShipping;NGOC HIEUSHIPPINGCOMPANY LIMITEDZhanjiang,China20.11.2012Pyeongtaek,Korea,Republic of20.11.20129561710THAI BINH28Vietnam20084353Generalcargo/multipurposeVietnamRegister ofShipping3911Generalcargo/multipurposeNippon KaijiKyokaiHONG KONGSEASTARSHIPPINGLIMITED8024894TIAN YUN Panama1980GLORY SHIPPINGLTDQinhuangdao, China20.11.201220.11.2012 10511Generalcargo/multipurposeOther;8306929GLORYOCEAN Mongolia1984Quality MarineService Co.,LtdDumai,Indonesia20.11.201221.11.2012 2518ChemicaltankerNo class8604929SMCMONTRIThailand2005。

PSC检查在全球的分布情况简介（二）PSC检查在全球的分布情况欧洲地区（PARIS MOU）1) 成立时间：1982年7月1日。

2) 成员：到目前为止，Paris MOU 有22 个成员国，即比利时、加拿大、克罗地亚、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、俄罗斯、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典和英国。

区域覆盖了欧洲沿岸和自北美到欧洲的北大西洋沿岸。

东京备忘录国家（TOKYO MOU）1) 成立时间：1993年12月2日。

2) 成员：澳大利亚、加拿大、智利、中国、斐济、中国香港、印度尼西亚、日本、韩国、马来西亚、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾、俄罗斯、新加坡、泰国、瓦努阿图、越南、*文莱和*所罗门群岛（*已签协议但未批准）。

拉丁美洲地区(Vina del Mar or Latin-America Agreement)1) 成立时间：1992年11月5日。

2) 成员：阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、古巴、厄瓜多尔、洪都拉斯、墨西哥、巴拿马、秘鲁、乌拉圭、委内瑞拉。

加勒比海地区(Caribbean MOU)1)成立时间：1996年2月6日。

2)成员：安圭拉岛、安提瓜岛和巴布达岛、阿鲁巴岛、巴哈马、巴巴多斯、伯里兹、British Virgin Islands、开曼群岛、多米尼加共和国、古巴、圭亚那、格林纳达、海地、牙买加、蒙特塞拉特岛、荷兰安的列斯群岛、苏里南、St. Kitts Nevis、St. Lucia、圣文森特、Turks & Caicos Island and Trinidad & Tobago。

地中海地区(Mediterranean MOU)1) 成立时间：1997年7月11日。

2) 成员：阿尔及利亚、塞浦路斯、埃及、以色列、约旦、黎巴嫩、马耳他、摩洛哥、突尼斯、土耳其和巴勒斯坦。

印度洋地区(Indian Ocean MOU)1) 成立时间：1998年6月5日。

船舶安全检查员资格统一考试复习参考题（PSCO）考试时间．．．．100．．．．．题，满分．．．分。

．．．．120．．．分钟，题量．．．．．150姓名：单位：准考证号：一、单项选择题1、以下哪项属于PSC检查中中止检查？____ 《船舶安全检查工作程序》A、由于时间限制，检查员决定结束检查并签发检查报告，对机舱区域未进行检查。

B、船舶状况太差，港口国监督检查员决定停止检查，同时要求船方自行检查并整改后再申请港口国监督检查，离船前并未签发检查报告。

C、船舶状况太差，港口国监督检查员决定停止检查并签发了含有滞留缺陷的检查报告，同时要求船方自行检查并对发现缺陷整改后再申请港口国监督检查。

D、船舶状况太差，PSCO决定停止检查并签发了一份检查报告，详细记录了所发现的缺陷，但并未包括滞留缺陷，同时要求船方自行检查并对发现缺陷整改后再时申请港口国监督检查。

2、下列哪起海难事故是港口国监督检查产生的直接原因？____A、1912年“泰坦尼克”号海难B、1978年“阿莫科卡迪兹”号海难C、1994年“爱沙尼亚”号海难D、1967年“Torrey Canyon”轮溢油事故3、The term "To the satisfaction of the Administration" appears frequently in IMO Convevtions. The Administration stands for:____SOLAS 1988 修正案>第 I 章 (HSSC)>A 部分(第1~5条)>第2条A、ROB、Port stateC、Flag stateD、IMO4、下哪项证书不是根据MARPOL公约签发的？____ MARPOL 公约A、国际防止船舶油污染证书B、国际防止船舶载运散装有毒液体物质污染证书C、国际散装危险化学品适装证书D、国际防止船舶大气污染证书5、According to harmonised 1988 Protocol ,the duration of passenger Ship Safety Certificate shall not exceedg: （SOLAS 1988 修正案>第I 章(HSSC)>B 部分(第6~20条)>第14条 a）A、5yearsB 、36monthsC、24monthsD、12months6、Who has responsibilities to maintain the ship?____SOLAS 1988 修正案>第 I 章 (HSSC)>B 部分(第6~20条)>第11条检验后状况的维持A、Flag StateB、ship ownerC、crew of the shipD、manage company of the ship7、Which of the following Time Window since previous inspection for Standard Risk Ships is correct？____ （东京备忘录新检查机制）A、2 to 4 monthsB、5 to 8 monthsC、6 to 9 monthsD、9 to 18 months8、对于低风险船舶的检查窗口期为：____ （东京备忘录新检查机制）A、6个月B、9-18个月C、5-8个月D、2-4个月9、In all cases,the interval between any two inspections of the outside of the ship’s bottom during any five year period shall not exceed:____ SOLAS 2006 修正案>第 I 章 (HSSC)>B 部分(第6~20条)>第10条 a (v)A、24monthsB、36 months;C、48monthsD、12months10、A Passenger Ship Safety Certificate shall be issued for a period not exceeding:____ SOLAS 1988 修正案>第 I 章 (HSSC)>B 部分(第6~20条)>第14条（a）A、12 monthsB、24monthsC、5yearsD、36months11、进入油船、散货船货舱区域的通道，其出入处舱口围板的高度如超过____mm，则在舱口围板外侧还应有数级踏板与梯子相接. SOLAS 2005 修正案>第 II-1 章>A-1部分 (第3-1~3-8条)>第3-6条(MSC.194(80)ANNEX 1) 5.1A、900B、800C、600D、76012、A bulk carrier carrying solid bulk cargoes having a density of 1,780 kg/m3 and above shall be permanently marked on____with a solid equilateral triangle having sides of 500 mm and its apex 300 mm below the deck line,and painted a contrasting colour to that of the hull．（给的标准答案是错误的）SOLAS 2004 修正案>第 XII 章>第8条 3A、the side shell at amidships,port and starboardB、stern shellC、superstructureD、the side shell at bow13、干舷甲板是：＿＿＿＿国际载重线公约2008年修正案>附录 B>附则 I>第 I 章>第 3 条（9）A、暴露在开敞甲板上最上层连续甲板B、救生艇甲板C、货舱二层柜D、露天甲板14、处于位置1 和位置2 的货舱口和其他舱口应保持：＿＿＿ _ 国际载重线公约2003年修正案>附录 B>附则 I>第 II 章(第10~26条)>第 16 条（1）A、水密B、气密C、油密D、风雨密15、the height of the sills of access openings in bulkheads at ends ofenclosed superstructures shall be at least（）above thedeck_ _ _ _国际载重线公约2003年修正案>附录 B>附则 I>第 II 章(第10~26条)>第 12条（3）A、 760mmB、 600mmC、 230mmD、380mm16、Any service fuel tank shall contain sufficient fuel to enable the pumpto run on full load for at least hours and sufficient reservesof fuel shall be available outside the machinery space of category A toenable the pump to be run on full load for an additional hours. 消防安全系统规则2012(11)修正案>第12章>2.2.2.2A、one/tenB、two/tenC、three/fifteenD、five/fifteen17、Every ship, while at sea,its MF radio installation shall maintain acontinuous watch on the distress and safety DSC frequency ____kHz.（A）SOLAS 1988 修正案>第 IV 章>C部分(第6~17条)>第9条>第9.1条A、2,187.5 kHzB、8,414.5 kHzC、4,207.5 kHzD、6,312 kHz18、应人工输入在406MHz EPIRB 中的信息是。

两大备忘录选船机制之比较————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：两大备忘录选船机制之比较上海海事局邱学刚【摘要】巴黎备忘录PSC新检查机制—NIR（New Inspection Regime）已于2011年1月1日正式运行，新检查机制采用全新的选船机制。

本文在介绍巴黎备忘录NIR选船机制的基础上，将两大忘录的选船机制进行比较，并结合东京备忘录的实际情况，展望东京备忘录选船机制的可能发展趋势。

【关键词】巴黎备忘录东京备忘录新检查机制选船机制一、引言巴黎备忘录已于2011年1月1日正式运行新港口国监督检查机制，新机制应用了基于风险的目标评估机制，同时对提高航运质量采取了有效的激励手段，对于高质量、低风险船舶大幅减少港口国监督检查的负担，而对于高风险船舶则采取更加深入和频繁的检查。

新机制充分考虑了近年来IMO的一些研究成果，建立了基于船舶基本参数和历史参数的船舶风险模型，给模型中的每个参数赋予一定的权值，以确定船舶的风险值进而评定船舶风险等级。

在新机制下，根据选船原则，不同风险等级的船舶，在不同的时间间隔隔之后接受不同种类的定期检查；同时，对于发生首要因素或意外因素的船舶，主管机关将根据一定的原则决定对其进行不同种类的附加检查或不予进行附加检查。

本文在介绍巴黎备忘录NIR选船机制的基础上，将巴黎备忘录新选船机制与东京备忘录选船机制进行比较，并结合东京备忘录的实际情况，展望东京备忘录选船机制的可能发展趋势。

二、NIR选船机制及其特点(一)船舶风险模型巴黎谅解备忘录NIR的重要特征就是建立船舶风险评定机制，即利用船舶风险模型，对每条进入其水域的船舶评定风险等级。

NIR定义的船舶风险模型如下：参数等级高风险船舶（HRS）标准风险船舶（SRS）低风险船舶（LRS）基本参数标准权值标准标准1 船型油轮、化学品船、液化气船、散货船、客船2既不属于高风险船舶(HRS)也不属于低风险船舶(LRS)的船舶所有船型2 船龄所有船型﹥12年 1 所有船龄3a 船旗黑灰白名单黑名单-甚高危险、危险、中等至危险2白名单黑名单-中等危险13b IMO审核- - 是4a 认可组织业绩良- - 良中- - -差差1- 很差很差-4b 欧盟认可- - 是5 公司业绩良- - 良中- - -差差2- 很差很差-历史参数6 过去36个月中每次检查记录缺陷总数缺陷不适用-≦5（并且在36个月内至少检查一次）7 过去36个月内的滞留数滞留﹥2次滞留 1 无滞留表1: 船舶风险等级模型标准风险模型给每个风险因素赋予一定的权值，通过计算每艘船舶的风险值进而评定船舶属于高风险等级、标准风险等级还是低风险等级。

聚焦港口国监督之一：海上安全守护者——我国港口国监督30年发展历程回顾王海潮【期刊名称】《中国海事》【年(卷),期】2017(000)005【总页数】2页(P6-7)【作者】王海潮【作者单位】【正文语种】中文编者按：全球范围内，港口国监督（PSC）在督促国际公约履行，消除低标准船舶，提高船舶安全性能，保障水上交通安全与防止船舶污染海洋环境等方面发挥了重要的作用。

我国港口国监督作为中国海事局履行国际公约的重要手段，在打击低标准船舶，促进航运可持续发展方面做出了重要贡献。

港口国监督（Port State Control，简称PSC）是指港口当局对进入本国港口的外国籍船舶实施的一种监督与控制，以确保船舶及其设备符合国际公约的要求。

自1982年7月，巴黎港口国监督谅解备忘录成立开始，世界各地陆续成立类似的谅解备忘录组织，开展港口国监督工作。

我国从1986年开始在天津和大连试点开展港口国监督，经过30年的发展，中国PSC从无到有，从弱到强，已成为中国海事局履行国际公约的重要手段，为维护我国航运经济发展做出了重要贡献。

1914年，“泰坦尼克”号海难事故的惨痛教训，促使了《国际海上人命安全公约》（即SOLAS公约）的出台。

该公约规定，每艘船舶当其在另一缔约国政府的港口时，应受到该国政府正式授权官员的监督，这可以说是对港口国监督最早的法律授权表述。

一直以来，国际航运界主要依赖船旗国对本国籍船舶实施安全和防止船舶污染海洋环境方面的国际标准情况进行全面监督。

然而，随着开放登记制度的盛行，这种管理机制很难达到预期目的，船旗国开始越来越多地依赖认可组织如船级社等来履行国际海事组织（简称IMO）采纳的安全标准，并对船舶进行法定检验和发证。

20世纪70年代以来，海上交通事故频发，严重危害了人命安全和海洋环境，船旗国和船级社实施的管理机制并不能有效地将所有低标准船舶从航运业中消除，这引起了IMO和各国港口当局的高度重视。

为此，国际海事组织强调要落实IMO标准的三重责任，即IMO负责制定标准，船旗国负责实施标准，港口国负责检查监督，其主旨在于将不符合标准的船舶淘汰出航运市场。

与PSC相关的组织机构1、1982年签订的巴黎备忘录，区域性PSC组织，包括17各国家：比利时；丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国、波兰、加拿大、俄罗斯2、东京备忘录（Tokyo MOU）(也叫亚太地区港口国检查谅解备忘录)，亚太地区区域性PSC 组织，包括18各国家：澳大利亚、加拿大、中国、斐济、香港、印尼、日本、韩国、马来西亚、新西兰、巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾、俄罗斯、新加坡、所罗门群岛、泰国、瓦努阿图、越南3、美国的PSC机构---美国海岸警卫队（USCG—united state coast guard）:USCG的检查已查明低于标准的船舶并将其驱逐出美国水域为目的。

USCG定义的低于标准的船舶为：A、缺少美国法律或国际公约所规定的主要设备或装置；B、设备或装置标准与有关的美国法律或国际公约的相关要求不符；C、船舶结构或重要设备严重损坏；D、操作和/或配员标准与美国法律或国际公约不符。

E、明显缺少相应的证书或部分船员缺乏能力USCG跟踪标准及工作程序：要求1600总吨的船舶，必须在到港前24小时提供到港通知及航行设备和货物的情况报告。

PSC重点检查10年以上船龄的船舶，海上与港内PSC检查并存。

若怀疑传播状况人命、港口或环境存在威胁，在其进入美国港口前将受到登船检查。

USCG制定了具体的外籍船舶跟踪标准，设计的因素包括：船舶所有人因素（最多7点）、船旗国因素（最高7点）、船级社因素因素（最高5点）、PSC历史因素（最高点不限）、船型因素（最高两点）。

被跟踪船公司名单会发往USCG各现场检查部门，所12个月内所属船舶未被滞留，则从跟踪名单中予以删除。

根据上面几个因素，USCG将外籍船舶的PSC检查分为四个系列：第一系列：将在进入美国港口前进行检查，这类船舶包括无国籍船舶、怀疑卷入海上事故的船舶、被特别跟踪的船舶、依据特别的信息或其它数据显示船舶极为可能是低于标准的船舶以及达到跟踪标准中17点以上的船舶。