Bosschere. A technique for high-bandwidth and deterministic low latency loadstore accesses

第8课Choose the best answer to each of the following questions:1. According to the author, being an author is a gainful occupation only __________.A. in a broad senseB. in a mental senseC. in a limited senseD. in a profitable sense2. It can be inferred from the first three paragraphs that “this failure”(L21) refers to ____________.A. WrathB. EnvyC. PrideD. Sloth3. The sentence “it is Acedia which has claimed you for its own ” (L 44 ) means ___________.A. you are guilty of AcediaB. you are losing touch with AcediaC. you have become physically sluggish because of AcediaD. you have overcome Acedia4. What does the phrase “sense of proportion ” (L48 ) mean?A. The ability to judge what is most important in a situation.B. The capacity to keep one‟s balance with the increasing age.C. The possibility of feeling nothing at all.D. The feeling of being troubled or wounded in one‟s youth.5. If “one lives at all times under a mental and spiritual cloud ”(L57), it shows that ____________.A. he has begun to feel painB. he has ceased to feel joyC. he has gained wisdom and become more matureD. he has abandoned satisfactions and delights of life6. According to the context, the word “bias” ( L. 83) may stand for __________.A. feelingB. prejudiceC. preferenceD. training7. One of the reasons why we have to do things we detest sometimes is ___________.A: we are not free to discuss it with our own wishesB: we are not free to do whatever we likeC: we are free to act according to our wishesD: we are victims of Acedia8. It seems that people are afraid of joy because _____________.A. being religious, they dread the passing of JesusB. they want to escape the pain brought by joyC. they do not want to become the victims of AcediaD. they care too much about looking dignified9. Which of the following is Not true of Acedia?A. Acedia reaches people gradually and silently without people‟s knowledge.B. Acedia discourages and kills the spirit.C. Acedia causes people to feel pain.D. Acedia means intellectual and spiritual torpor, indifference and lethargy.10. The author concludes his speech by ___________.A. calling on the audience to break the padlock of their hearts in order to gain new freedomB. encouraging the audience to release their feelings of pleasure on receiving their degreesC. warning the audience against the danger of AcediaD. telling the audience the real purpose of education第10课Choose the best answer to each of the following questions:1.The author recounts her meeting with the Russian linguist in order to .A.introduce the constant topic of America as a melting potB.introduce boiling potters in contrast to the main courseC.show the latter‟s earnestness in pursuing his professionD.show the positive relationship between one‟s accent and one‟s ancestry2.The word “blurred” (L 27) most probably means .A.indefiniteB. unrealC. rootedD. displaced3.“I suppose I‟ve always known that my uninterest in it contains a large component of thewilled: I am American, and those places purport to be my history. But they are not mine” (L.29--31). From these two sentences, we can infer that .A. American history is, to a certain degree, beyond the author‟s understandingB. those places are special symbols of American historyC. the author thought she had a different historyD.the author is going through an identity crisis4.In the author‟s eyes, Ellis Island is not a place of honor because .A. once it was in a state of dereliction for quite some timeB.immigrants received many mistreatments when they landed thereC. the pictures taken by Louis Hine reflect the dark realities thereD.three thousand people couldn‟t help but commit suicide5.Which of the following choices best explains this sentence fragment “…the machinery ofimmigration nearly collapsed under its own weight” (L108--109) ?A. The immigration institutions had a strong bias against immigrants.B. The medical examinations were too strict to be good.C. The immigration system failed to function properly.D.The machinery concerned with immigration became too complicated.6. The meaning of the word “air” (L 82) is .A. mixture of gasesB. an artificial mannerC. sentimentD. mood7.According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?A. World War I made America dislike people from other countries.B. Immigrants came to the United States in order to take part in a classy party.C. Ellis Island has a strong hold on the author‟s imagination.D.Ellis Island does not reflect the bright side of American immigration history.8.“It is part of being an American to be engaged in a somewhat tiresome but alwaysself-absorbing process of national definition” (L159--161). According to this sentence, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree to?A. It has been a trying task for the immigrants to maintain their identity.B. American national definition is somewhat hard to come by.C. In order to survive, immigrants had to meet the challenge of new circumstances.D.Immigrants have been trying to assimilate themselves and become Americans.9.What does the word “accidents” (L159) mean?A. incidental qualitiesB. misfortunesC. unforeseen circumstancesD. properties10.Besides paying her respect to the ghost of Ellis Island, the author‟s purpose in writing thispassage is to .A. criticizeB. entertainC. persuadeD. fight back第11课Choose the best answer to each of the following questions:1. At the end of the first paragraph, the author says “the more we learn about the two captains …the more powerful becomes their pull on our imagination.”The word “pull”probably means .A.sympathyB. influenceC. resistanceD. clarity2. What is true about the journals of the expedition?A. Lewis edited part of the journals.B. It was Lewis‟s work to write the journals of the expedition.C. William Clark edited the raw journals into the two-volume final form.D. It was William Clark who published the whole editions of the journals.3. According to the article, which of the following statement is true?A. Lewis and Clark treated each other as if they were both captains.B. Clark had a higher military rank than Lewis.C. Lewis and Clark both held the rank of captain.D. Clark had never thought about his commission.4. In Line 58 the word “anticipated” means .A. opposedB. looked forward toC. shared inD. agreed5. What made Lewis and Clark popular again a century later?A. The exploration led by John Charles Fremont.B. The Exploration led by John Wesley Powell.C. The republication of the journals of the Lewis and Clark expedition.D. The publicity of the exploration by Fremont and Powell.6. In Line 138 the word “aspiration” means .A. a love affairB. expulsion of breathC. a creative ideasD. a strong desire for high achievement7. Charles McKenzie did not like Lewis at Fort Mandan mainly because .A.Lewis talked too muchB.Lewis tended to dislike the BritishC.Lewis knew everything wellD.Lewis had an offensive character8. In Line 116 the word “unambiguous” means .A.unimaginableB. practicalC. clearD. tough9. Three years later after the expedition, Lewis died .A. because he had suffered the depressionB. because too much administrative work crushed him downC. because he had a writing problemD. but the cause of his death is not clear10. “But when the revelers got to the captains in the 18th and final toast, they seemed to be at aloss for words” (L180--3). The expression “at a loss for words” probably means ___________.A.lostB.not knowing where to goC.unable to winD.not knowing what to say第15课Choose the best answer to each of the following questions:1.“To give freely, spontaneously, like nature in her abundance. (…How many are unworthy ofthe light, and yet the day rises to them.‟ Seneca also wrote.)” (L54--7). How to understand the sentence in the brackets?A.Many people are not aware of the light, yet they still live in the world.B.There are many people who are not worthy of the light, yet the sun still shines on them.C.There are many people who don‟t deserve the light, yet they are happy every day.D.When the sun rises every day, how many on earth don‟t deserve the light?2.Which count in the following sentences carries the same meaning as the one in “The niceties,of course, not the raw act of giving … are what count” (L32--3)?A.You can count on his help.B.They have 3 dogs, counting the puppies.C.She‟s count ed the best singer in this town.D.Every second counts when one is having an examination.3.“She told me how; she was explicit about it” (L 98). The meaning of the second sentence isthat she ________________.A.explained the reasonsB.expressed herself clearlyC.talked about it in detailD.had a sincere talk with me4.“Foundation executives talk about their gifts as …investment s‟ and look for a return of sorts,for the kind of success in a project or program they can point to and call …mine‟” (L153--6).Through this example, the author wants to argue that foundation executives ____________.A.are interested in big achievementsB.try to expand their investment to a great extentC.expect some rewards from the donationD.expect a larger amount of money back in return5.“Why not a broom? Why not a month‟s supply of Wonder Bread?” (ll. 88-9). Through thesetwo rhetorical questions, we can sense that the author __________________.A.wants to give suggestions on better giftsB.doesn‟t think practical gifts are always idealC.is wondering there may be some better choicesD.can‟t understand why they are not able to give an ideal gift6.The author mentions when gift-giving happened in his family, one didn‟t have to wrap them,and cards were unnecessary. Why?A.His mother thought decoration was frivolous.B.When the family was so poor, decoration was meaningless.C.Decoration was important only on some special occasions.D.One should form the habit of thrift since childhood.7.“But they‟re an ideal gift. Purely symbolic. Purely cliché” (L101--2). The word “cliché” heremeans _________.A.an over used wordB. a customC.an ordinary ideaD. a sound8.One of the purposes of the author is to prove _____________________.A.there is altruism, but most of time, we simply ignore itB.most people are not altruists, although there exists altruismC.even those altruists still expect something back in returnD.the philanthropic organization is the typical representative of altruism9. The word “tension” in the sentence “We who are not poets live in the tension for the mostpart” (L188--9) means the strain between _______________.A.egoism and social regulationsB.altruism and social needsC.altruism and egoismD.altruism and self-accomplishment10. At one university a department chairman even asked me to write a critique of his department,which he then distributed to his faculty. The reason is that _________________.A. the author was a famous criticB.there were some serious problems in this departmentC. as an altruist, the author was greatly respected by othersD. the chairman wanted to please the author in this way第18课Choose the best answer to each of the following questions:1.In L ine 2 of the text, “He was one, but not the other”, what does the expressions “one ” and“the other” respectively refer to?A. A beggar and a lunatic.B. A lunatic and a beggar.C. A beggar and a degenerate.D. A lunatic and a maniac.2.In the sentence “In order to procure a quantity of false, pe rishable goods he has sold the onlytrue, lasting good, his own independence” (L. 52--4), what does the expression “the only true, lasting good” mean?A.His expensive clothes.B.His own freedom.C.His big house.D.His bank accounts.3.What is the main difference between Diogenes and other philosopher like Plato?A.Diogenes lived in sanctuaries but others didn‟t.B.Diogenes lived in Athens or Cornth but others didn‟t.C.Diogenes talked about the unreality of this contingent existence but others didn‟t.D.Diogenes discoursed to ordinary people but others to a chosen few.4.Alexander would be interested in _________ according to the sentence “Jugglers and stuntartists and virtuosos of the absurd he dismissed with a shrug, but on reaching India he was to spend hours discussing the problems of life and death with naked Hindu mystics, and later to see one demonstrate Yoga self-command by burning himself impassively to death” (Lines 128--132).A. a jugglerB. a Hindu mysticC. a stunt artistD. a virtuoso5.Which of the following would Diogenes least do?A.To wear a blanket through out the year.B.To live like a beggar in a quiet village.C.To teach in a crowd of ordinary people.D.To shout at the people he disliked.6.In this narrative essay, the author‟s tone proves to be _______.A.sarcasticB.skepticalC.humorousD.paradoxical7.According to the text, what is the least likely reason that Alexander visited Diogenes?A.The curiosity to seek out anything strange yet instructive.B.The generosity taught by Aristotle.C.The desire to show his air of destiny.D.The fact that he was still young and civil.8.Diogenes could be best described as __________.A. a recluseB. a beggarC. a sober manD. a civil person9.In the sentence “He understood Cynicism as the others could not” (Lines 171--172) the word“as” could be replaced by _______.A.BecauseB. whileC. whenD. the way10.In the last sentence of the text, who does the pronoun “he” refer to?A.One of Diogenes‟ pupils.B. Diogenes.C. One of Alexander servants.D. Alexander.第21课Choose the best answer to each of the following questions:1. The reason that people with more confidence are less immune to flattery is that____________________.A.they are not shrew enoughB.they haven‟t got enough praiseC.they posses more wisdomD.they think they deserve more praise2.According to the author, flattery was regarded as dangerous in the Renaissance becausepeople at the time believed that ________________.A.they would go to hell if they flattered othersB.flattery would disturb the existing social hierarchyC.flattery was a serious offence against GodD.only those in power had the rights to flatter3.“And we believed him because it was a pleasing fiction” (L47--8). The word “fiction”probably means _________.A. a storyB. a theoryC. an untrue statementD. flattery4.The author uses the example of Clinton to show _______________.A.how the flattery of the people is exploited by politiciansB.that most people have difficulty in judging what is the truthC.how flattery will damage people‟s trust in the governmentD.people always know who is speaking the truth and who can be trusted5.“Once social mobility became a good, flattery lost its moral stigma and became just anothertool of social advancement”(L53--4). The expression “s ocial mobility”probably means ________________.A.moving from one social group to anotherB.moving from one place to anotherC.changing jobs from time to timeD.flattering those wealthy and powerful people6.What was the attitude of the American Puritans toward flattery?A.They hated flattery and considered it as evil as people in the Old world did.B.They were more direct in flattering and didn‟t mind being absurd.C.They believed that flattery should not be too direct and sincere.D.They thought flattery would be more effective if it was done sincerely.7.According to the author, flattery becomes more effective for modern Americans. It is because______________________.A.they believe that others‟ views are more correct than their ownB.they need others to direct the way of their lifeC.they have begun to consider it as noble to flatter others and themselvesD.they need others to convince them how good they are8.“It is the tactical omissions of everyday life that make society possible”(L92--3). Theexpression “the tactical omission” probably refers to _________________.A.the flattery directed at oneselfB.the ignoring of other people‟s flatteryC.not questioning other people‟s self-flatteryD.contesting other people‟s depictions of us9.The author believes that too much undeserving public praise would ___________.A.be a serious threat to the stability of society and the governmentB.cheapen the value of private flattery and personal appreciationC.make the language we speak phony and clichédD.make people distrust those great figures like Darwin and Martin Luther king10.According to the author, to make flattery more authentic, we can ____________.A.share our secrets with others, the more the betterB.talk in general when flattering othersC.flatter people when they are not presentD.mix a bit of criticism with flattery泛读第24课Choose the best answer to each of the following questions:1.The author believes that creativity is ______________.A.only the gift of God to a chosen fewB.not a suitable topic for a television seriesC. a power that each of us has to a certain degreeD.defined by people like Picasso and Michelangelos2.Newton failed to develop a comprehensive theory for chemistry, because the science itself hadnot developed to the point __________ he could see the new order.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. why3.The author uses the case of Newton to ____________________________.A.illustrate the relationship between convergent thinking and divergent thinkingB.show that even a genius cannot break through without the shoulders of giantsC.prove that overconfidence does no good in scientific studyD.exemplify what a real genius can achieve in science4.Which of the following best explains the sentence “creative thinking is discontinuous within acontext of continuity (L 49--50)?”A.Creative thinking is a discontinuous process.B.Creative thinking is a continuous process.C.Creative thinking is based on what has preceded and at the same time breaks from thepast.D.Creative thinking comes up with unpredictable conclusions through breaking from thepast.5.That “Maya Angelou had everything against her (L 169) ” means that _________.A.Maya objected herB.everybody objected MayaC.nothing is favorable to MayaD.Maya owned everything which helped her6.One characteristic that the author does not say about the creative people is their______________________.A.powerful egosB. disciplineC.childlike wonderD. reliability7.Which of the following statements is NOT true about convergent and divergent thinking?A.Both kinds of thinking are characteristic of human thinking.B.Divergent thinking is directly related to creative thinking.C.Convergent thinking tends toward an unpredictable answer.D.They are fundamentally different but related.8.Which of the following would the author disagree?A.We need to think more about why some people are creative than why others are usingtheir creative power.B.We‟d better avoid making judgments in order to keep creative thinking.C.Creative people keep their childlike wonder alive long into life.D.Peer prejudice is something to kill original thinking.9.According to the text, which of the following is inconsistent with creativity?A.Conformity to other people.B.Novel use of a familiar object.C.Metaphors and similes.D.Tolerance of ambiguity.10. By saying that “my heart leaps at the consensus emerging among some scientists that creativeability can be learned”(L192--3), the author means that he is ________________ the possibility that creativity can be learned.A.suspicious ofB. willing to acceptB.surprised to hear aboutC. at a loss as toKey to Lesson 81.C2.D3.A4.A5.B6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.BKey to Lesson 101.B2. A3.C4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.AKey to Lesson 111.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.C9.D 10.DKey to Lesson 151.B2.D3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.B9.C 10.DKey to Lesson 181.A2.B3.D4.B5.B6.C7.C8.C9.B 10.DKey to Lesson 211. D2.B3.C4.A5.A6.D7.D8.C9.B 10.DKey to Lesson 241.C2.B3.A4.C5.C6.D7.C8.A9.A 10.B11。

2024年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力真题精选附答案单选题（共45题）1、When the teacher asks students to read a text for the main idea, he/she intends to develop students' skill of_______.A.retellingB.predictingC.skimmingD.scanning【答案】 C2、请阅读短文，完成此题。

A.boringB.very tiredC.busyD.angry【答案】 B3、He said he′ d phone you __________ he got home.A.the momentB.the moment whenC.at the momentD.at the moment when【答案】 A4、The ultimate goal of English education is to develop students′ ability to communicate in English. There-fore, English education should be __________.munication-focusedB.ability-orientedC.knowledge-centeredD.speaking-oriented【答案】 B5、--The situation was in a mess.A.should developB.would developC.must have developedD.could have developed【答案】 D6、请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。

A.is now enjoying legal supportB.disagrees with the tradition of the countryC.was clearly stated by the country's foundersD.will exert great influence over court decisions【答案】 A7、When a teacher intends to present or explain a new language point, which of the following grouping methods is mostly recommended？A.Whole class workB.Group workC.Pair workD.Individual work【答案】 A8、The Cognitive Approach holds that students′ mistakesare__________ in the creative use of language.efulB.understandableC.unavoidableD.reasonable【答案】 C9、Passage 1A.The more a person cheats, the more creative he isB.Cheating is likely to encourage creativity to some extentC.A person who cheats is more creative than a person who doesn' tD.A person who is creative cheats more than a person who is less creative【答案】 B10、Morphemes that represent "tense", "number", "gender", "case" and so forth are called__________ morphemes．A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational【答案】 A11、请阅读短文，完成此题。

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译和课后答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 1课后答案Read and think 31~5 BADDCRead and think 41.media2.images3.abusive4.fulfilling5.recognition6.status7.stresses8.aware9.deserveRead and complete 51. obligation2. applauded3. fulfilled4. mirror5. flexibility6. devalue7. striving8. entailed9. supposedly10. ConsequentlyRead and complete 61.referred to as2.at best3.by the same token4.at large5.held up...asRead and translate 81.随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。

With his promotion,he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到他没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。

He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。

Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy,who prefers to stay at home reading.4.说好听一点,可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心或没有资格的权力追求者。

At best he’s ambitious,and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已经尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。

2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。

Unit 1Move Over, Big BrotherBackground Information1. Big Brother: An omnipresent, seemingly benevolent figure representing the oppressive control over individual lives exerted by an authoritarian government. (after Big Brother, a character in the novel 1984 by George Orwell)Answer keysI. Reading comprehension1. B2. C3. D4. A5. D6. B7. D8. B9. D10.CⅡ. VocabularyA. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B7. B8. A9. C10. DB. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C7. A8. D9. D10. BⅢ. Cloze1. C2. D3. B4. B5. B6. A7. C8. A9. D10. DⅣ. TranslationA.人们已经越来越意识到计算机的某些应用对我们所谓的“个人隐私”这种抽象的价值观可能带来的影响。

过去，冗繁的活字印刷技术抑制了人们搜集并保存同伴信息的欲望，因而限制了个人信息的记载。

但现在许多人已表示担忧,由于计算机信息容量大、准确无误、储存信息久，它可能会成为监视系统的中心，使社会变成透明的世界，将家庭、财政收支、社交等暴露在各种各样漫不经心的观察者面前，这些人中有些是病态的好奇者，也有居心不良或刺探商业情报的人。

B. Anyone who googles for a website or looks up a friend on Facebook is likely to have those actions recorded and stored on a database somewhere. Although many internet users seem to remain unaware of the fact that big governmental and corporate brother is watching you, every now and again something brings a reminder of the ever greater amount of personal information being gathered.Ⅴ. Fast reading1.C2.D3.A4.B5.C参考译文老大哥，移过去一点[1] 对路易十四而言，即使在卧室里生活没有隐私都不是问题。

计算机专业英语试题及答案1. 选择题1. Which of the following is not a programming language?a) Javab) HTMLc) Pythond) CSS答案: b) HTML2. Which protocol is used for sending and receiving email?a) HTTPSb) FTPc) SMTPd) DNS答案: c) SMTP3. What does the acronym CPU stand for?a) Central Processing Unitb) Computer Processing Unitc) Control Processing Unitd) Central Power Unit答案: a) Central Processing Unit4. Which programming language is commonly used for web development?a) C++b) Javac) JavaScriptd) Swift答案: c) JavaScript5. What does HTML stand for?a) Hyperlinks and Text Markup Languageb) Hyper Text Markup Languagec) Home Tool Markup Languaged) Hyper Text Modeling Language答案: b) Hyper Text Markup Language2. 填空题1. The process of converting high-level programming code into machine code is called ___________.答案: compilation2. HTTP stands for ___________ Transfer Protocol.答案: Hyper Text3. The process of testing software by executing it is called ___________.答案: debugging4. Java is an object-_____________ programming language.答案: oriented5. DNS stands for Domain Name ___________.答案: System3. 简答题1. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?答案: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol, which means it establishes a connection between the sender and receiver before transferring data. It ensures that all packets are received in the correct order and provides error checking. UDP (User Datagram Protocol), on the other hand, is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a direct connection before transmitting data. It does not guarantee packet delivery or order but is faster and more efficient for time-sensitive applications.2. What is the purpose of an operating system?答案: An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services forcomputer programs. Its primary purpose is to enable the user to interact with the computer and provide a platform for running applications. It manages memory, file systems, input/output devices, and multitasking. The OS also handles system security and resource allocation to ensure optimal performance.4. 解答题请参考下文并给出自己的解答。

新理念职业英语高阶2学生用书New Concept Business English Advanced Level 2: Student BookIntroduction:The New Concept Business English Advanced Level 2 is designed for students who have a strong foundation in English and are looking to further develop their business communication skills. This course focuses on advanced vocabulary, grammar, and conversation skills in a business context. By the end of this course, students will have the language tools necessary to confidently navigate complex business situations and effectively communicate with colleagues, clients, and partners.Chapter 1: Leading and MotivatingIn the first chapter, students will explore the qualities of effective leaders and the strategies they use to motivate their teams. Through engaging activities and discussions, students will learn advanced vocabulary related to leadership and motivation, as well as how to use persuasive language to inspire and influence others. By the end of this chapter, students will be able to articulate their own leadership style and understand how to create a positive and productive work environment.Chapter 2: Negotiating and PersuadingThe second chapter delves into the art of negotiation and persuasion in a business setting. Students will learn advanced negotiation tactics, such as using persuasive language, building rapport, and finding common ground. They will also gain a deeper understanding of cultural differences and how they can impact negotiations. Through role-plays and case studies, students will practice applying these skills in realistic business scenarios and develop the confidence to negotiate and persuade effectively.Chapter 3: Managing ChangeChange is a constant in the business world, and in this chapter, students will learn how to effectively manage and lead through change. They will explore advanced vocabulary related to change management, as well as strategies for overcoming resistance and building consensus. Additionally, students will examine case studies of successful change management initiatives and apply their learning to real-world situations.Chapter 4: Crisis CommunicationIn this chapter, students will learn how to communicate effectively during times of crisis. They will analyze case studies of businesses facing crises and develop their ability to respond with empathy, clarity, and professionalism. Students will also learn advanced vocabulary related to crisis communication and practice delivering clear and concise messages in stressful situations.Chapter 5: Strategic PlanningThe final chapter of the course focuses on strategic planning and decision-making. Students will learn how to analyze data, develop strategic plans, and make informed decisions to drive business growth. By the end of this chapter, students will have a strong understanding of advanced business concepts and the language skills necessary to communicate and implement strategic plans effectively.Conclusion:The New Concept Business English Advanced Level 2 provides students with the language tools and skills necessary to succeed in a global business environment. Through engaging activities, real-world casestudies, and interactive discussions, students will be able to effectively lead, negotiate, manage change, communicate during crises, and make strategic decisions. This course will empower students to confidently navigate complex business situations and communicate with clarity, confidence, and professionalism.In conclusion, the New Concept Business English Advanced Level 2 is a comprehensive and practical course for students looking to take their business communication skills to the next level. With its focus on advanced vocabulary, grammar, and real-world applications, this course will prepare students to succeed in diverse and challenging business contexts.。

英语戏剧考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a famous Shakespearean tragedy?A. "Romeo and Juliet"B. "A Midsummer Night's Dream"C. "Hamlet"D. "The Merchant of Venice"答案：C2. In the play "Macbeth," what is the name of the main character?A. MacduffB. Lady MacbethC. MacbethD. Banquo答案：C3. The term "soliloquy" refers to a speech delivered by a character in a play:A. To another characterB. To the audienceC. To themselvesD. To the stage manager答案：B4. What is the main theme of the play "Othello" by Shakespeare?A. Love and betrayalB. Power and ambitionC. Jealousy and revengeD. Friendship and loyalty答案：C5. In the context of drama, what does the term "blocking" refer to?A. The physical movement of actors on stageB. The process of rehearsing linesC. The division of the stage into different areasD. The arrangement of props on stage答案：A6. The play "A Doll's House" is a work by which playwright?A. Anton ChekhovB. Henrik IbsenC. George Bernard ShawD. Oscar Wilde答案：B7. What is the name of the character in "The Crucible" who is falsely accused of witchcraft?A. John ProctorB. Abigail WilliamsC. Elizabeth ProctorD. Reverend Hale答案：B8. The term "deus ex machina" originally referred to a device used in ancient Greek drama:A. To resolve a conflictB. To introduce a new characterC. To change the settingD. To provide comic relief答案：A9. In the play "Waiting for Godot," the two main characters are waiting for:A. A person named GodotB. A significant eventC. A change in their livesD. A revelation from a higher power答案：A10. The play "Death of a Salesman" is a classic work by which American playwright?A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamsC. Eugene O'NeillD. Edward Albee答案：A1. Describe the role of the chorus in Greek tragedy.答案：In Greek tragedy, the chorus serves as a commentator on the action of the play. It provides insight into the themes and emotions of the story, often reflecting the collective voice of the community. The chorus may also participate in the action, singing and dancing to provide a musical and rhythmic element to the drama.2. What are the key elements of a dramatic monologue?答案：A dramatic monologue is a speech delivered by a single character in a play, often revealing their inner thoughts and feelings. Key elements include a strong central character, a clear dramatic situation, the character's self-revelation, and the use of language to engage the audience and convey the character's emotional state.3. Explain the concept of "dramatic irony" and provide an example from a play.答案：Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something that the characters on stage do not. This creates a tension and suspense as the audience anticipates the outcome based on their superior knowledge. An example of dramatic irony can be found in Shakespeare's "Othello," where the audience is aware of Iago's manipulative nature and his plan to deceive Othello, while Othello himself remains oblivious to Iago's treachery.1. Discuss the significance of setting in a play and how it can influence the characters and the plot.答案：Setting is crucial in a play as it establishes the time, place, and social context of the story. It can influence the characters' behavior, their interactions, and the development of the plot. The setting can be symbolic, reflecting the characters' inner states or the themes of the play. It can also create a mood or atmosphere that shapes the audience's emotional response. For instance, in "A Streetcar Named Desire," the setting of New Orleans and the contrast between the Old South and the urban, modern environment reflect the characters' struggles with identity, belonging, and the passage of time.2. Analyze the role of the protagonist。

The Creativity – Innovation ConnectionDavid T anner ,PhDSPRING 2007VOLUME 11,ISSUE 1Current Issues in"An established company which in an age demanding innovation is not capable of innovation is doomed to decline and extinction. And a management,which in such a period does not know how to manage innovation,is incompetent and unequal to the task."Peter Drucker,1973impractical, ridiculous. Dr. Edward de Bono, the inventor of lateral thinking, teach-es several techniques that systematically help generate provocations:Random word involves creating a new "entry point" by selecting a word at ran-dom, e.g., a word from a dictionary or poster that is not connected to the subject.Escape involves examining the subject for what we take for granted and then negat-ing or escaping from it.Stepping stone involves exaggeration, rever-sal, distortion or wishful thinking about the subject that is a stepping stone to new ideas.The lateral thinking process involves three steps: 1) selecting the problem area requir-ing creative new ideas; 2) developing provocations related to the problem using lateral thinking techniques; 3) generating sensible ideas dealing with the problem, stimulated by the provocations.The bolder the provocation, the better the chance it will lead to unusual new ideas. The challenge is to generate several provo-cations and ideas until one rings a bell and excites enthusiasm to implement. There are many examples where lateral thinking applied in the Industrial Products Division led to bottom-line results in new products, new processes, cost reduction, and speed of delivery.Example- An information systems team was dealing with the issue:How can we reduce costs in the information systems function?The group manager had attended a lateral thinking workshop and convened a session to apply her learnings to this issue. Using the technique of escape, they listed things they would take for granted about reducing costs. One of these was to reduce costs by spending less money. Escaping from this, they generated the provocation:Reduce costs by spending more money.This provocation generated the idea that spending more money on fewer vendors would provide leverage to obtain large dis-counts. The approach was to reduce the number of vendors and negotiate better prices on high-volume orders. This approach led to an annual savings of over $300,000. Applying this concept to main-tenance saved another several hundred thousand dollars annually. This was the result of about a two-hour meeting.Example- A plant technical group wasdealing with this issue:How can we improve continuity of ourcomplex continuous–flow filter system?The filter system was based on a reciprocat-ing belt with 70 moving parts that had fre-quent failures. The group manager was acreativity champion whose group was edu-cated in lateral thinking. A reversal provo-cation paid off:The moving belt is stationary.This provocation shifted thinking in an entire-ly new direction and led to the design of asystem that reduced the number of movingparts by 80 percent. The result was a majorbreakthrough in process continuity, productquality and substantial cost savings.Metaphoric Thinking– This technique gener-ates new ideas and concepts by connectingthe problem under attack to a problem thatoccurs in an entirely unrelated system, suchas nature. The challenge is to understandhow the problem was solved in the othersystem.Example- A research chemist who hadattended creative thinking workshopsapplied this technique to find a better wayto dye "Nomex" fiber, which was used inflame resistant industrial applications.Because the fiber had a very tight molecu-lar structure, the trade dyeing processrequired swelling agents, which were costlyand caused environmental problems.The chemist applied metaphoric thinkingand pondered:What in nature can be penetrated despite itstight structure?His answer: The Earth!He reasoned that coal miners gain accessto the interior of earth by digging holes andpropping them open with structure props.Inspired by this analogy, he added a largeorganic molecule during Nomex manufac-ture to prop open the structure. Thisenabled dye molecules to squeeze into thefiber during the mill dyeing step. The newtechnology led to commercialization of adyeable, flame-resistant Nomex, trade-marked "Colorguard," for applications incarpets, upholstery and draperies.Example - A special task force wasaddressing the problem of how to reducedust in their manufacturing plant. The dustwas formed by a step in the process andwas contaminating the rest of the plant inspite of newly installed exhaust fans.The group developed a long list of ideasusing normal thinking patterns, but nonewere very good. A facilitator knowledge-able in creative thinking techniques wasenlisted to help solve the problem. Thetechnique that paid off was metaphoricthinking. The group considered how natureremoves dust from the environment. Oneway that nature removes dust is throughheavy rainfall. This thought shifted theirthinking to an entirely new direction thatled to an elegant but simple way to reducedust in their operation.Focused Thinking ProcessesFocused thinking frameworks play a vitalrole in structuring the approach to problemsolving, opportunity searching and creative-ly organizing one’s thoughts around a sub-ject or issue. A highly productive frame-work for focused thinking is the "SixThinking Hats” (Figure 3).The Six Thinking Hats– This framework,designed by Dr. Edward de Bono, is aningenious approach to thinking through asubject in a focused way that makes timeand space for creative thinking. The under-lying principle is that parallel thinking ismore productive than argument.There are six hats. Each one has a differ-ent color and represents a different dimen-sion in thinking about the subject beingaddressed:The White Hat deals with information, theRed with feelings, the Yellow with benefits,the Black with caution, the Green with cre-ative ideas, and the Blue with managing thethinking. All participants are required towear the same hat at the same time, foster-ing parallel thinking. The hats are alternat-FIGURE 3ed depending on the sequence of thinking that makes the most sense. It is similar to golfing where each club in the golf bag has a different purpose and can be taken out and put back depending on the situation. The Six Thinking Hats has been used exten-sively in companies such as DuPont, IBM, Prudential Life Insurance, British Airways and Siemens as a way to have efficient, produc-tive meetings. The framework is especially valuable when dealing with complex, contro-versial issues where emotions run high and people might otherwise engage in argumen-tative recriminations.Example- A technical planning team in the Industrial Products Division recommended to divisional management the formation of a new business that would capitalize on the combined strengths of the existing individual businesses of Kevlar, Nomex, Tyvek, Sontara and Teflon. The idea was controversial. Business managers felt it would dilute resources from their businesses and were strongly opposed. Technical management was strongly in favor.A two-hour meeting was scheduled to resolve this controversial issue. Technical people designed the meeting based on the Six Thinking Hats framework. The business managers were agreeable since the division had an ongoing creative thinking program and were familiar with the value of this framework. An experienced divisional facili-tator led the session.The meeting started with a brief White Hat overview and discussion of the proposed idea. Then, instead of Yellow Hat thinking to elucidate benefits, the facilitator initiated Black Hat thinking. An energetic discussion by business directors resulted in many hang charts listing serious difficulties with the idea.This allowed business managers to air rea-sons, many justified, why they wereopposed. Technical managers also wore theBlack Hat, participating in listing potentialdifficulties.Next came Yellow Hat thinking, to discussbenefits. There was dead silence. The tech-nical people purposely said nothing. Then,one of the business managers noted a bene-fit. This started the ball rolling. Soon, allbusiness managers joined in along with tech-nical people. There were as many hangcharts listing benefits as those containing dif-ficulties.Green Hat thinking generated many creativeideas on how to capitalize on benefits whileovercoming difficulties. At this point, every-one was energetically engaged in upgrad-ing the idea to make it workable. Finally,everyone donned their Red Hats and tookturns expressing their gut feelings onwhether there was enough merit in the ideato proceed with next steps. It was decidedto charter the planning team to recommenda stepwise implementation plan for furtherreview, embodying inputs from the meeting.The business managers now had strong buy-in to pursue the idea further.Impact of Creative Environment onInventivenessAn environment that fosters creative thinkingand innovation is bound to inspire inventive-ness. This was indeed the situation in theDuPont Industrial Products Division, wherestatistics related to patents soared.The number of notices of invention from R&Dpeople surged from 40 in 1987, when theprogram started, to 148 in 1989. In thesame three year period, patent filingsclimbed from 16 to 67. Patent allowancesnearly tripled from 10 to 28 and were onthe rise.A Tie Between Invention and the Arts.Art and invention are often thought of asbeing worlds apart. Art is emotional andexpressive and concerned with beauty.Invention is pragmatic and technical andconcerned with knowledge. But there is abridge. Both a work of art and a newinvention are results of a creative act. Bothare the result of solving a problem in a man-ner that involves creative thinking.Buckminster Fuller, the famous inventor, wasasked about the relationship between thesetwo disciplines. He responded:When I am working on a technical problem,I don’t think about beauty – but when I amfinished, if the solution is not beautiful Iknow it is wrong.There is indeed a beauty, an elegance, astrong sense of art in every creative solutionto a problem, no matter how technical theproblem. If an original idea solves a prob-lem it might be the basis of an invention andpossibly a patent protecting an importantinnovation that assures the future health of abusiness.Maintaining MomentumInitiating a program on creative thinking is agood first step in building a more innovativeorganization. The challenge to a manage-ment team is to maintain momentum in theprogram over a period of years so as toachieve ongoing bottom line successes. Theculture-change model described earlier inthis article provides an excellent mechanismto achieve this goal.s David Tanner (***************)was founding Director, DuPont Center for Creativity & Innovation. Prior to that hewas Research Director, Pioneering Research Laboratory; Strategic Planning Manager, Fibers Department; and R&DDirector, Industrial Products Division. Dr. Tanner has a PhD. in polymer science and holds 33 US patents. After retiringfrom DuPont with over 30 years of service, he became Executive Director, Edward de Bono International Creative Forum.He is past-president of the American Creativity Association, and has authored two books, "Total Creativity in Business &Industry – Roadmap to Building a More Innovative Organization," 1997, and "Igniting Innovation Through the Power ofCreative Thinking," 2007.About the Author:。