高考英语真题词义辨析(优选.)

第一组：recognize, realize, remind, remember出处：2020年31题考察：形近词辨析解析：1recognizev.辨认出，识别出②realizev.意识到,实现realize one^ dream实现某人的梦想⑶remind v.提醒remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb. of sth.提醒某人关于某事Z rememberv.记得remember to do sth.t己得去做某事rememberdoing sth.记得做过某事第二组：personality, personal, person, personally出处：2020年35题考察：person的变形词（形近词）解析：① person n.人pl. personsin person 亲自②personaladj.个人的③personallyadv.亲自地，当面⑷personalityn.个性，品格拓展：①personneln.人事2 private adj.私人的，私有的，私立的⑶individualadj.个人的；个别的n.个人(pl. individuals)第三组：considerable, consider, consideration, considerate出处：2020年40题考察：consider的变形词（形近词）解析：1considerv.考虑；认为considerdoing sth.考虑做某事consider sb./ sth. as/ to be 认为某物/某人是consideration n.考虑take sth. Into consideration 考虑到某物⑶considerate adj.考虑周到的，体贴的④ considerable adj.相当大的第一组：reason, reasonable, reasoning, reasoned出处：2012年49题考察：reason的变形词(形近词)解析：1)reason n.原因，理由reasonable adj.合理的2)reasoning n.推理，论证⑷reasoned adj.详尽论述的，合乎逻辑的第二组：appearance, face, look, back出处：2012年52题考察：近义词辨析解析：1)appearance n.外貌，外观face n.脸v.面对face to face 面对面face with 面对2)look n.面容；样子back n.后背第三组：same, alike, equal, particular出处：2012年57题考察：近义词辨析解析：1)sameadj.相同的be the same as 与相同2)alike adj相似的，相像的(常用作表语)equal adj.平等的，相等的be equal to等于；胜任4」particular adj,特别的,挑剔的第一组：either, neither, both, each出处：2015年44题考察：代词的用法解析：1）either两者中其中一个（常和or搭配使用）2）neither两者均不（常和nor搭配使用）3）both两者都（常和and搭配使用）4）each每一个（强调个体）拓展：every 每一个（强调全体）第二组：receive, accept出处：2015年47题、55题考察：近义词辨析解析：1） receive强调客观的收到2： accept强调主观的接受第三组：house, family, home, household出处：2015年54题考察：近义词辨析解析：1）housen.房子（强调建筑物）2）family n.家庭（看做整体，不可数）家人（看做集体名词，全体家庭成员）3）home n.家（抽象名词）4）household n. 全家人（强调住在同一所房子里的所有家人）第一组：personal, individual, personnel, private出处：2014年45题考察：近义词辨析解析：1)personal adj.个人的individual adj.个人的；个别的n.个人2)personnel n.人事；全体成员private adj.隐私的；私家的第二组：consent, consider, condemn, consult出处：2014年47题考察：相同前缀的形近词辨析(con- ——共同，一起；加强语气)解析：1)con-共同+-sent-感觉同感；同意con-共同+-sider坐考虑2)con-加强语气+-demn惩罚，伤害谴责con-加强语气+ -suit讨论，请教咨询，请教第三组：adapt, adopt出处：2014年49题考察：形近词辨析解析：1)adapt v.适应(to)改编(from)adopt v.采取；收养拓展：adept adj.擅长的，熟练的第四组：addition, relation, accordance, inclusion出处：2013年42题考察：相同后缀的形近词(-tion 名词后缀)第一组：mental, physics, physical, chemical出处：2017年34题考察：近义词辨析解析：1)mental adj .精神上的②physics n.物理学2)physical adj.物理的；身体上的⑷ chemical adj.化学的拓展：psychological adj .心理上的第二组：avoidable, critical, serious, necessary出处：2017年38题考察：同为形容词词性的近义词解析：：1) avoidable adj,可避免的avoid v.避免avoid doing sth.避免做某事unavoidable adj.不可避免的2)critical adj.批评的；关键的3)serious adj.严重的；严肃的；认真的4)necessary adj.必要的necessity n.必需品第三组：motion, position, gesture, body language出处：2017年40题考察：近义词辨析(均表示“动作”)解析：1)motion侧重于整个身体的动作2)position侧重于“位置；姿势”第一组：few, a few, little, a little出处：2018年31题考察：形近词组和近义词组解析：1)few adj.几乎没有(否定)后加可数名词复数a few adj.一点(肯定)后加可数名词复数2)little adj.几乎没有(否定)后加不可数名词：4)a little adj.一点(肯定)后加不可数名词第二组：weather, neither, either, whether出处：2018年32题考察：形近词辨析解析：1)weather n.天气neither两者都不neither...nor... 既不, 也不2)either两者中其中一个either...or... 或者, 或者4)whether 是否第三组：informed, noticed, performed, acquired出处：2018年33题考察：相同后缀的形近词辨析(-ed表示动词过去式/过去分词)解析：1) inform v.通知inform sb. of sth.通知某人关于某事sb. be/ keep informed of sth.被通知2)notice v.注意到3)perform v.表现acquire v.获得。

高考英语语义辨析单选题20题1.The teacher asked us to look up the new words in the dictionary and then make sentences with them.A.look upB.look forC.look afterD.look at答案：A。

“look up”表示“查阅”；“look for”是“寻找”；“look after”是“照顾”；“look at”是“看”。

题干中说在字典里查找新单词然后用它们造句，所以选“look up”。

2.When I got home, my mother was cooking in the kitchen. I decided to help her. First, I set the table. Then I washed the dishes. After that, I swept the floor.A.set upB.set outC.set downD.set the table答案：D。

“set up”表示“建立”；“set out”是“出发”；“set down”是“写下”；“set the table”是“摆餐具”。

题干中说妈妈在厨房做饭，我决定帮忙，先是摆餐具，所以选“set the table”。

3.The students are required to hand in their homework on time.A.hand outB.hand inC.hand overD.hand down答案：B。

“hand out”表示“分发”；“hand in”是“上交”；“hand over”是“移交”；“hand down”是“把……传下去”。

题干中说学生们被要求按时交作业，所以选“hand in”。

4.The doctor told the patient to take medicine three times a day.A.take offB.take upC.take inD.take medicine答案：D。

专题1词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2016·江苏】24. ________ —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? —Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD. receipt【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析。

名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt 收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。

根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”，与上下文相符。

考点：考查名词辨析2.【2016·江苏】25. He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate【答案】C考点：考查动词词义辨析3.【2016·江苏】30.Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation.A.fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。

短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。

根据句意可知B正确。

考点：考查动词短语辨析4.【2016·江苏】31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on whatbasis, data are collected.A. explicitB. ambiguousC. originalD. arbitrary【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。

高考英语名词选词辨析题一、文化与文明1.文化（culture）是指人类社会在长期的历史发展过程中，创造并积累的一切物质财富和精神财富的总和，包括各种观念、价值观和行为规范等。

2.文明（civilization）是指在一定历史阶段、一定的历史条件和人类对自然环境的逐步认识和利用的基础上，形成的人类社会生活的总和，其主要表现为科学技术的进步、经济的发展、道德法制的规范等。

辨析：文化注重的是精神层面，包括知识、艺术、价值观等；文明强调的是物质层面，包括生活方式、社会结构等。

二、领导与管理1.领导（leadership）是一种倡导和掌握一种或多种方法来影响、激励和指导他人达到共同目标的能力。

2.管理（management）是指运用一系列工作原则、方法和技巧，组织、计划、领导和控制人力和物力资源，使组织达到预定的目标。

辨析：领导注重的是影响和指导团队达成共同目标的能力；管理强调的是组织和控制资源以实现组织目标的技巧。

三、职业与事业1.职业（occupation）是指个人从事的某种职业或工作，以获取经济收入和实现个人发展的一种活动。

2.事业（career）是指个人通过持续努力和发展，追求成功并在某个特定领域取得卓越成就的过程。

辨析：职业强调的是从事某种具体工作以获取收入；事业强调的是在特定领域中不断成长和追求卓越。

四、财富与贫困1.财富（wealth）是指个人或社会所拥有的具体资产和物质财富。

2.贫困（poverty）是指个人或社会在经济条件上的困难和缺乏。

辨析：财富强调的是经济上的富裕和资源的丰富；贫困强调的是经济上的困难和缺乏。

五、文学与文艺1.文学（literature）是指以语言文字为媒介，通过表现人类思想、情感和体验的各种艺术形式。

2.文艺（arts）是指以各种艺术形式表达人类思想、情感和审美追求的一种活动。

辨析：文学注重的是以语言文字形式表达情感和思想；文艺包括多种艺术形式，用各种方式表达思想和审美追求。

高考英语语义辨析单选题30题1. In the library, there are many ______ of books on different subjects.A. kindsB. typesC. sortsD. classes答案：A。

“kinds”“types”“sorts”“classes”都有“种类”的意思。

“kinds”最常用，适用范围较广；“types”强调类型，更侧重于事物内在的特点或性质；“sorts”常用于口语；“classes”更侧重于按等级或类别划分。

在此句中“many kinds of”是常见搭配，表示“许多种类的”。

2. The ______ of the new shopping mall attracted a large number of people.A. openingB. openC. openedD. opens答案：A。

“opening”有“开业；开幕”的意思；“open”作动词是“打开”，作形容词是“开着的”；“opened”是“open”的过去式和过去分词；“opens”是“open”的第三人称单数形式。

此句需要一个名词，“the opening of”表示“……的开业”。

3. We need to buy some ______ for the party.A. foodC. drinksD. snacks答案：D。

“food”泛指食物；“fruits”水果；“drinks”饮料；“snacks”小吃。

派对上通常会准备小吃，“snacks”更符合语境。

4. The ______ of the story is very interesting.A. beginningB. middleC. endD. plot答案：D。

“beginning”开头；“middle”中间；“end”结尾；“plot”情节。

此句说故事的“情节”有趣，“plot”更能准确表达。

高考英语真题词义辨析1.What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.A. awfulB. essentialC. impressiveD. obvious2.The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.A. developedB. establishedC. observedD. revised3.My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about what I can do here.A. puzzledB. sensitiveC. optimisticD. embarrassed4.In an attempt to save money, some housewives like to go from shop to shop to search for real _______.A comments B. champions C. bargains D. traditions5.Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique6.Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.A. dreadfullyB. guiltilyC. indirectlyD. sharply7.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.A. cautiousB. gratefulC. tolerantD. wild8.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to the soul of Qu Yuan.A. rememberB. remindC. recoverD. recall9.Top graduates from universities are ______ by major companies.A. chasedB. registeredC. offeredD. compensate10.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay .A. in placeB. in orderC. in shapeD. in fashion11.I don’t believe what you said , but if you can prove it, you may be able to _______me .A. convinceB. informC. guaranteeD. refuse12.Terry, please your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.A. look up fromB. look intoC. look back onD. look through13.It is widely acknowledged that students should be in terms of overall quality.A. supportedB. matchedC. evaluatedD. controlled14.With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) way of reaching target customers.A. temporaryB. complexC. accurateD. efficient15.Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.A. due toB. except forC. along withD. regardless of16.Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.A. strictB. sympatheticC. stubbornD. sensitive17.We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.A. attemptsB. requestsC. doubtsD. promises18.How could you ______ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.A. turn offB. turn inC. turn downD. turn to19.There’s no reason to be disappointed. ______, this could be rather amusing.A. Above allB. As a resultC. In additionD. As a matter of fact20. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _______ she could stay home and raise her family.A. now thatB. as ifC. only ifD. so that21. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______ .A. blindlyB. unwillinglyC. closelyD. carefully22. Facing up to your problem ____ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.A. more thanB. rather thanC. along withD. or rather23. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ______ .A. in returnB. in commonC. in turnD. in placest week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later.A. shareB. realizeC. ignoreD. cause25. Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work.A. goes back onB. takes away fromC. makes up forD. catches up with。

高考英语语义辨析练习题20题1.The teacher asked us to look up new words in the dictionary instead of turning to the Internet.A.look upB.look forC.look afterD.look out答案：A。

“look up”意为“查阅”；“look for”是“寻找”；“look after”表示“照顾”；“look out”为“小心”。

题干中说老师让我们在字典里查新单词，所以选“look up”。

2.I often help my mother with housework on weekends.A.help withB.help outC.help toD.help in答案：A。

“help with”表示“帮助做某事”；“help out”是“帮助摆脱困境”；“help to”后一般接动词原形，表示“有助于做某事”；“help in”较少单独使用。

这里说周末帮妈妈做家务，用“help with”合适。

3.She tried to figure out the math problem by herself.A.figure outB.find outC.work out答案：C。

“figure out”和“work out”都有“算出、解决”的意思；“find out”是“查明、找出”；“look out”是“小心”。

题干是试图解出数学题，“work out”更符合语境。

4.The students are required to hand in their homework on time.A.hand inB.hand outC.hand overD.hand on答案：A。

“hand in”是“上交”；“hand out”是“分发”；“hand over”是“移交”；“hand on”是“依次传递”。

高考英语语义辨析单选题20题1. The new law will come into ______ next month.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence答案：A。

本题主要考查短语的搭配。

“come into effect”表示“生效”；“come into use”表示“开始使用”；“come into service”表示“投入使用”；“come into existence”表示“存在”。

根据题意，新法律下个月生效，A 选项符合语境。

2. I don't think the plan will work. It is just ______.A. in theoryB. on paperC. in practiceD. in reality答案：B。

“in theory”意为“理论上”；“on paper”指“在纸面上，理论上”；“in practice”表示“在实践中”；“in reality”意思是“实际上”。

根据语境，“我认为这个计划行不通，它只是理论上的”，B 选项符合。

3. The manager has got a good business ______, so the company is doing well.A. ideaB. senseC. thoughtD. thinking答案：B。

“business sense”是“商业头脑，商业意识”的固定搭配，A 选项“idea”侧重于想法、主意；C 选项“thought”指思想、思考；D 选项“thinking”是“思考，想法”。

B 选项符合句意。

4. We had a long ______ about the plan.A. discussionB. talkC. speechD. report答案：A。

“discussion”强调就某个问题进行的讨论；“talk”泛指一般性的交谈；“speech”指演讲；“report”是报告。

高考英语语义辨析单选题20题1. She decided to _____ her dream of becoming a doctor and worked hard for it.A.go afterB.look afterC.take aftere after答案：A。

“go after”表示追求；“look after”是照顾；“take after”指长得像、性格类似；“come after”在……之后来。

题干中说她决定追求成为医生的梦想，所以选A。

2. The teacher asked us to _____ the important points in the text.A.pick outB.give outC.turn outD.find out答案：A。

“pick out”挑出、选出；“give out”分发、发出；“turn out”结果是、生产；“find out”查明、找出。

老师让我们挑出文中重要的点，选A。

3. He always tries to _____ his mistakes and improve himself.A.make upB.put upC.take up答案：A。

“make up”弥补、组成；“put up”张贴、搭建；“take up”占据、开始从事；“pick up”捡起、学会。

他总是努力弥补错误提升自己，选A。

4. We should _____ our efforts to protect the environment.A.join inB.put inC.take inD.give in答案：B。

“join in”参加；“put in”投入；“take in”吸收、理解；“give in”屈服。

我们应该投入努力保护环境，选B。

5. The company is trying to _____ new markets for its products.A.open upB.take upC.put upD.make up答案：A。

高考语义辨析单选20题1. She is always _____ about her studies and never gives up easily.A.enthusiasticB.anxiousC.carefulD.worried答案：A。

“be enthusiastic about”表示“对……充满热情”；“be anxious about”是“为……担忧”；“be careful about”是“小心……”；“be worried about”是“担心……”。

题干中说她从不轻易放弃，所以是对学习充满热情。

2. The students are _____ preparing for the final exams.A.busyB.occupiedC.absorbedD.engaged答案：A。

“be busy doing sth”表示“忙于做某事”；“be occupied in doing sth”是“忙于做某事”；“be absorbed in”是“全神贯注于”；“be engaged in”是“从事于”。

题干中说学生们在为期末考试做准备，用“be busy preparing for”更符合语境。

3. He _____ in making a model plane and spent a whole week on it.A.insistedB.persistedC.stuckD.continued答案：B。

“insist on doing sth”表示“坚持做某事”，强调主张或意见；“persist in doing sth”是“坚持不懈地做某事”；“stick to doing sth”是“坚持做某事”，侧重于坚持原则等；“continue doing sth”是“继续做某事”。

题干中说他花了一周时间做模型飞机，强调坚持不懈，用“persist in”。

4. The old man _____ telling stories to the children.A.enjoysB.likesC.lovesD.fancies答案：A。