TEM4语法和词汇(修改版)

英语专业四级TEM4 核心词汇(新大纲·带音标)（专四核心词汇2000 个）Aabundant [E5bQndEnt] a. 丰富的；大量的abstract [5AbstrAkt] a. 抽象的n. 摘要的absorb [Eb5sR:b] vt. 吸收；使专心academic[Ak E5de m i k] a. 学院的；学术的accidental[Aksi5dentl] a. 偶然的；非本质的accelerate[Ak5selEreit] vt. (使)加快；促进accent [5AksEnt, Ak5sent] n. 口音，腔调；重音access [5Akses] n. 接近；通道，入口acceptance[Ek5septEns] n. 接受，验收；承认accommodate [E5kR m E de it] vt. 容纳；供应，供给accommodation [E,kRmE5deiFEn] n. 招待设备；预定铺位accompany [E5kQmpEni] vt. 陪伴，陪同；伴随accomplish[E5kRmpliF] vt. 达到(目的)；完成accordance [E5kR:dEns] n. 一致；和谐；授予accordingly [E5kR:diNli] ad. 因此，所以；照着account [E5kaunt] n. 记述；解释；帐目accumulate [E5kju:mjuleit] vt. 积累vi. 堆积accuracy [5AkjurEsi] n. 准确(性)；准确度accurate [5Akjurit] a. 准确的，正确无误的accuse [E5kju:z] vt. 指责；归咎于accustomed [E5kQstEmd] a. 惯常的；习惯的ache [eik] vi. 痛；想念n. 疼痛achieve [E5t F i:v] vt. 完成，实现；达到achievement [E5tFi:vmEnt] n. 完成；成就，成绩acid [5Asid] n. 酸；酸的，酸性的acquaintance [E5kweintEns] n. 认识；了解；熟人acquir e [E5kwa i E] vt. 取得；获得；学到acre [5eikE] n. 英亩(=6.07 亩)actual [5AktjuEl] a. 实际的；现行的actually [5AktjuEli] ad. 实际上；竟然adapt [E5dApt] vt. 使适应；改编address [E5dres] n. 地址；演说；谈吐adequate [5Adikwit] a. 足够的；可以胜任的adjective [5AdViktiv] n. 形容词a. 形容词的adjust [E5dVQst] vt. 调整，调节；校正administration [Edminis5treiFEn] n. 管理；管理部门admire [Ed5maiE] vt. 钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admission [Ed5miFEn] n. 允许进入；承认admit [Ed5mit] vt. 承认；准许…进入adopt [E5dRpt] vt. 收养；采用；采取adult [5AdQlt] n. 成年人a. 成年的advance [Ed5va:ns] vi. 前进；提高n. 进展advanced [Ed5va:nst] a. 先进的；高级的advantage [Ed5va:ntidV] n. 优点，优势；好处adventure [Ed5ventFE] n. 冒险；惊险活动adverb [5AdvE:b] n. 副词advertisement [Ed5vE:tismEnt] n. 广告；公告；登广告advisable [Ed5vaizEbl] n. 明智的；可取的advise [Ed5vaiz] vt. 劝告；建议；通知aeroplane [5ZErEplein] n. 飞机affair [E5fZE] n. 事情，事件；事务affect [E5f e k t] vt. 影响；感动affection [E5fekFEn] n. 慈爱，爱；爱慕afford [E5fR:d] vt. 担负得起…；提供afterward [5a:ftEwEd(z)] ad. 后来，以后aggressive [E5gresiv] a. 侵略的；好斗的agreement [E5gri:mEnt] n. 协定，协议；同意alcohol [5AlkEhRl] n. 酒精，乙醇alloy [5AlRi, E5lRi] n. 合金；(金属的)成色alphabet [5AlfEbit] n. 字母表，字母系统alternative [R:l5tE:nEtiv] n. 替换物；取舍，抉择altitude [5Altitju:d] n. 高，高度；高处altogether [R:ltE5geTE] ad. 完全；总而言之aluminium [Alju5minjEm] n. 铝ambulance [5AmbjulEns] n. 救护车；野战医院amuse [E5mju:z] vt. 逗…乐；给…娱乐ancestor [5AnsistE] n. 祖宗，祖先anchor [5ANkE] n. 锚vi. 抛锚，停泊ancient [5einFEnt] a. 古代的，古老的angle [5ANgl] n. 角，角度ankle [5ANkl] n. 踝，踝节部announce [E5nauns] vt. 宣布，宣告，发表annoy [E5nRi] vt. 使恼怒；打搅ant [Ant] n. 蚂蚁anticipate [An5tisipeit] vt. 预料，预期，期望apartment [E5p a:t mE nt] n.一套公寓房间apparatus[,A p E5r e i t E s] n.器械，仪器；器官apparent [E5pArEnt] a. 表面上的；明显的appeal [E5p i:l] vi. &n.呼吁；申述appear[E5p i E] vi. 出现；来到；似乎appearance [E5piErEns] n. 出现，来到；外观appetite [5Apitait] n. 食欲，胃口；欲望appliance [E5plaiEns] n. 用具，器具，器械applicable [5AplikEbl] a. 能应用的；适当的application [Apli5keiFEn] n. 请求，申请；施用apply [E5plai] vt. 应用，实施，使用appoint[E5pRint] vt. 任命，委任；约定appointment [E5pRintmEnt] n. 任命；约定，约会appr eciate [E5pri:Fieit] vt. 欣赏；领会；感谢approach [E5prEutF] vt. 向…靠近n. 靠近appropriate [E5prEupriit] a. 适当的，恰当的approval [E5pru:vEl] n. 赞成，同意；批准approve [E5pru:v] vt. 赞成，称许；批准approximate [E5prRksimit] a. 近似的vt. 近似arbitrary [5a:bitrEri] a. 随心所欲的；专断的architecture [5a:kitektFE] n. 建筑学；建筑式样argument [5a:gju:mEnt] n. 争论，辩论；理由arise [E5raiz] vi. 出现；由…引起arithmetic [E5riWmEtik] n. 算术，四则运算army [5a:mi] n. 军队；陆军around [E5raund] prep. 在…周围arouse [E5rauz] vt. 引起，唤起；唤醒arrange [E5reindV] vt. 筹备；整理；调解arrangement [E5reindVmEnt] n. 整理，排列；安排arrest [E5rest] vt. 逮捕，拘留；阻止arrival [E5raivEl] n. 到达；到来；到达者arrow [5ArEu] n. 箭；箭状物article [5a:tikl] n. 文章；条款；物品artificial [a:ti5fiFEl] a. 人工的；娇揉造作的artistic [a:5tistik] a. 艺术的；艺术家的ash [AF] n. 灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed [E5Feimd] a. 惭愧(的)；羞耻(的) aspect [5Aspekt] n. 方面；样子，外表assemble [E5sembl] vt. 集合，召集；装配assembly [E5sembli] n. 集合；集会；装配assess [E5ses] vt. 对(财产等)估价assign [E5sain] vt. 指派；分配；指定assignment [E5sainmEnt] n. 任务，指定的作业assist [E5sist] vt. 援助，帮助；搀扶assistant [E5sistEnt] n. 助手，助理；助教assistance [E5sistEns] n. 协助,援助associate [E5s E uFieit] vi. 交往n.伙伴，同事association [EsEusi5eiFEn] n. 协会，团体；联合assume [E5sju:m] vt. 假定；承担；呈现assure [E5FuE] vt. 使确信；向…保证astonish [Es5tRniF] vt. 使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut [5AstFEunR:t] n. 宇宙航行员，宇航员Atlantic [E t5l Antik] a. 大西洋的n.大西洋atmosphere [5AtmEsfiE] n. 大气；空气；气氛atom [5AtEm] n. 原子；微粒；微量atomic [E5tRmik] a. 原子的；原子能的attach [E5tAtF] vt. 缚，系，贴；附加attain [E5tein] vt. 达到，获得，完成attempt [E5t e mp t] vt. 尝试，试图n.企图attend [E5tend] vt. 出席；照顾，护理attract [E5trAkt] vt. 吸引；引起，诱惑attraction [E5treAkFEn] n. 吸引；吸引力；引力attractive [E5t r Aktiv] a. 有吸引力的attribute [5Atribju:t] vt. 把…归因于n. 属性audience [5R:djEns] n. 听众，观众，读者authority [R:5WRriti] n. 当局，官方；权力auto [5R:tEu] n. (口语)汽车automatic [R:tE5mAtik] a. 自动的；机械的automobile [5R:tEmEbi:l] n. 汽车，机动车autumn [5R:tEm] n. 秋，秋季auxiliary [R:g5ziljEri] a. 辅助的；附属的available [E5veilEbl] a. 可利用的；通用的avenue [5Avinju:] n. 林荫道，道路；大街average [5AvEridV] n. 平均数a. 平均的await [E5weit] vt. 等候，期待awake [E5weik] a. 醒着的vt. 唤醒award [E5wR:d] n. 奖，奖品；判定aware [E5wZE] a. 知道的，意识到的awful[5R:ful] a. 令人不愉快的awkward[5R:k wEd] a. 笨拙的；尴尬的ax [Aks] n. 斧子B backward [5bAkwEd] a. 向后的；倒的ad. 倒bacteria [bAk5tiEriE] n. 细菌baggage [5bAgidV] n. 行李bake [beik] vt. 烤，烘，焙；烧硬balance[5bAlEns] vt. 使平衡；称n. 天平balloon[bE5lu:n] n. 气球，玩具气球band [bAnd]n. 乐队；带；波段bang [bAN] n. 巨响，枪声；猛击barber [5ba:bE] n. 理发师bare [bZE] a. 赤裸的；仅仅的bargain [5ba:gin] n. 交易vi. 议价；成交barrel [5bArEl] n. 桶；圆筒；枪管barrier [5bAriE] n. 栅栏，屏障；障碍basically [5beisikEli] ad. 基本上basis [5beisis] n. 基础，根据battery [5bAtEri] n. 电池；一套，一组bay [bei] n. 湾；山脉中的凹处beam [bi:m] n. 梁；横梁；束，柱bear [bZE] n. 熊；粗鲁的人bear [bZE] vt. 容忍；负担；生育beard [biEd] n. 胡须，络腮胡子beast [bi:st] n. 兽，野兽；牲畜behalf [bi5ha:f] n. 利益，维护，支持beneath [bi5ni:W] prep. 在…下方beneficial [beni5fiFEl] a. 有利的，有益的bet [bet] vt. &vi. &n. 打赌Bible [5baibl] n. 基督教《圣经》billion [5biljEn] num. 万亿(英)bind [baind] vt. 捆绑；包扎；装钉biology [bai5RlEdVi] n. 生物学；生态学biscuit [5biskit] n. (英)饼干；(美)软饼bite [bait] vt. 咬，叮，螫；剌穿bitter [5bitE] a. 痛苦的；严寒的blackboard[5b lAkb R:d] n.黑板blade [bleid] n. 刀刃，刀片；叶片blanket [5blANkit] n. 毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast [bla:st] n. 爆炸，冲击波vt. 炸blend [blend] vt. &vi. &n. 混和block [blRk] n. 街区vt. 堵塞，拦阻board [bR:d] n. 板vt. 上(船、车等) boast [bEust] vi. 自夸vt. 吹嘘bold [bEuld] a. 大胆的；冒失的bolt [bEult] n. 螺栓；插销vt. 闩门bomb [bRm] n. 炸弹vt. 轰炸bond [bRnd] n. 联结，联系；公债bone [bEun] n. 骨，骨骼boot [bu:t] n. 靴子，长统靴border [5bR:dE] n. 边，边缘；边界bother [5bRTE] vt. 烦扰，迷惑n. 麻烦bottle [5bRtl] n. 瓶，酒瓶；一瓶bottom [5bRtEm] n. 底，底部，根基bounce [bauns] vi. 反跳，弹起；跳起bound [baund] a. 一定的；有义务的boundary [5baundEri] n. 分界线，办界bow [bau] n. 弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬brake [breik] n. 闸，刹车vi. 制动branch [bra:ntF] n. 树枝；分部；分科brass [bra:s] n. 黄铜；黄铜器brave [breiv] a. 勇敢的，华丽的bread [bred] n. 面包；食物，粮食breadth [bredT] n. 宽度，幅度；幅面break [breik] vt. 打破；损坏；破坏breast [brest] n. 乳房；胸脯，胸膛breed [bri:d] n. 品种vt. 使繁殖breeze [bri:z] n. 微风，和风brick [brik] n. 砖，砖块；砖状物bride [braid] n. 新娘brilliant [5briljEnt] a. 光辉的；卓越的British [5britiF] a. 不列颠的，英联邦的broad [brR:d] a. 宽的，阔的；广泛的broadcast [5brR:dka:st] n. 广播，播音brow [brau] n. 额；眉，眉毛brush [brQF] n. 刷子，毛刷；画笔bubble [5bQbl] n. 泡vi. 冒泡，沸腾bucket[5bQkit] n. 水桶；吊桶；铲斗building [5bildiN] n. 建筑物，大楼；建筑bulb [bQlb] n. 电灯泡；球状物bulk [bQlk] n. 物体，容积，大批bullet [5bulit] n. 枪弹，子弹，弹丸bundle [5bQndl] n. 捆，包，束；包袱burden [5bE:dn] n. 担子，重担；装载量bureau [5bjuErEu] n. 局，司，处；社，所burn [bE:n] vi. 烧，燃烧n. 烧伤burst [bE:st] vt. 使爆裂vi. &n. 爆炸bury [5beri] vt. 埋葬，葬；埋藏bush [buF] n. 灌木，灌木丛，矮树button [5bQtn] n. 扣子；按钮vt. 扣紧C cabin [5kAbin] n. 小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet [5kAbinit] n. 橱，柜；内阁cable [5keibl] n. 缆，索；电缆；电报cafe [5kAfei, kE5fei] n. 咖啡馆；小餐厅calculate [5kAlkjuleit] vt. 计算；估计；计划calculator [5kAlkjuleitE] n. 计算器，计算者calendar [5kAlindE] n. 日历，历书；历法calm [ka:m] a. 静的，平静的camel [5kAmEl] n. 骆驼camera [5kAmErE] n. 照相机，摄影机camp [kAmp] n. 野营，营地，兵营campaign [kAm5pein] n. 战役；运动campus [5kAmpEs] n. 校园，学校场地can [kAn] aux.v.能，会，可能can [kAn] n. 罐头，听头；容器Canadian[kE5neidjEn] a. 加拿大的canal [kE5nAl]n. 运河；沟渠；管candidate [5kAndidit]n. 候选人；投考者candle [5kAndl] n. 蜡烛；烛形物；烛光cap [kAp] n. 帽子，便帽；帽状物capable [5keipEbl] a. 有能力的，有才能的capacity [kE5pAsiti] n. 容量；能力；能量capital [5kApitl] n. 资本，资金；首都captain [5kAptin] n. 陆军上尉；队长capture [5kAptFE] vt. 捕获，俘获；夺得carbon [5ka:bEn] n. 碳cargo [5ka:gEu] n. 船货，货物carpenter [5ka:pintE] n. 木工，木匠carpet [5ka:pit] n. 地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage [5kAridV] n. 客车厢；四轮马车carrier [5kAriE] n. 运输工具；运载工具cart [ka:t] n. 二轮运货马车case [keis] n. 情况；事实；病例cassette [ka:5set] n. 盒式录音带；盒子cast [ka:st] vt. 投，扔，抛；浇铸castle[5ka:sl] n. 城堡；巨大建筑物casual[5kAVjuEl] a. 偶然的；随便的catalog[5kAtElRg] n. 目录，目录册cease [si:s]vi. &vi. &n. 停止，停息celebrate [5selibreit] vt. 庆祝；歌颂，赞美cell [sel] n. 细胞；小房间cement [si5ment] n. 水泥；胶泥vt. 粘结cent [sent] n. 分；分币；百centimetre [5sentimi:tE] n. 公分，厘米ceremony [5serimEni] n. 典礼，仪式；礼节certificate [sE5tifikit] n. 证书，证件，执照chamber [5tFeimbE] n. 会议室；房间；腔champion [5tFAmpjEn] n. 冠军，得胜者chapter [5tFAptE] n. 章，回，篇characteristic [k A ri ktE5ris t ik] a. 特有的n.特性charge [tFa:dV] vt. 索价；控告n. 费用chart [tFa:t] n. 图，图表；海图chase [tFeis] n. 追逐，追赶，追求cheap [tFi:p] a. 廉价的；劣质的cheat [tFi:t] vt. 骗取；哄vi. 行骗cheer [tFiE] vt. 使振作；欢呼cheerful [5tFiEful] a. 快乐的，愉快的cheese [tFi:z] n. 乳酪，干酪chemical [5kemikl] a. 化学的n. 化学制品chemist [5kemist] n. 化学家；药剂师cheque [tFek] n. 支票chill [tFil] vt. 使变冷n. 寒冷chimney [5tFimni] n. 烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin [tFin] n. 颏，下巴chocolate [5tFRkElit] n. 巧克力；巧克力糖choke [tFEuk] vt. 使窒息；塞满chop [tFRp] vt. 砍，劈；切细vi. 砍Christian [5kristiEn] n. 基督教徒；信徒Christmas [5krismEs] n. 圣诞节circuit [5sE:kit] n. 电路；环行；巡行circular [5sE:kjulE] a. 圆的；循环的circulate [5sE:kjuleit] vt. 使循环vi. 循环circumference [sE5kQmfErEns] n. 圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance [5sE:kEmstEns] n. 情况，条件；境遇citizen [5sitizn] n. 公民；市民，居民civilization [sivilai5zeiFEn] n. 文明，文化；开化civilize [5sivilaiz] vt. 使文明；教育classif icati on[klAsifi5keiFEn] n.分类；分级；分类法classify [5klAsifai] vt. 把…分类claw [klR:] n. 爪，脚爪，螯clay[klei] n. 粘土，泥土；肉体clue[klu:] n. 线索，暗示，提示clumsy [5klQmzi] a. 笨拙的；愚笨的coach [kEutF] n. 长途公共汽车coal[kEul] n. 煤，煤块coarse [kR:s] a. 粗的，粗糙的coast [kEust] n. 海岸，海滨(地区)cock [kRk] n. 公鸡；雄禽；旋塞code [kEud] n. 准则；法典；代码coffee [5kRfi] n. 咖啡，咖啡茶coil [kRil] n. (一)卷；线圈vt. 卷collapse [kE5lAps] vi. 倒坍；崩溃，瓦解collar [5kRlE] n. 衣领，项圈colleague [5kRli:g] n. 同事，同僚collection [kE5lekFEn] n. 搜集，收集；收藏品collective [kE5lektiv] a. 集体的；集合性的collision [kE5liV(E)n] n. 碰撞；冲突colo ny[5kRlE n i] n.殖民地；侨居地column [5kRl Em] n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb [kEum] n. 梳子vt. 梳理combination [kRmbi5neiFEn] n. 结合，联合；化合command [kE5ma:nd] vt. 命令，指挥；控制commander [kE5ma:ndE] n. 司令官，指挥员comm ent[5kRment] n.评论，意见；注释commerce [5k R mE(:)s] n.商业，贸易；社交commercial [kE5mE:FEl] a. 商业的；商品化的commission [kE5miFEn] n. 委任状；委员会commit [kE5mit] vt. 犯(错误);干(坏事) committee [kE5miti] n. 委员会；全体委员community [kE5mju:niti] n. 社区；社会；公社companion [kEm5pAniEn] n. 同伴；共事者；伴侣comparative [kEm5pArEtiv] a. 比较的，相对的comparison [kEm5pArisn] n. 比较，对照；比似compass [5kQmpEs] n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规compel [kEm5pel] vt. 强迫，迫使屈服compete [kEm5pi:t] vi. 比赛；竞争；对抗competent [5kRmpitEnt] a. 有能力的；应该做的competition [kRmpE5tiFEn] n. 竞争，比赛complex [5kRmpleks] a. 结合的；复杂的complicated [5kRmplikeitid] a. 复杂的，难懂的component [kEm5pEunEnt] n. 组成部分；分；组件compose [kEm5pEuz] vt. 组成，构成；创作composition [kRmpE5ziFEn] n. 构成；作品；写作compound [5kRmpaund, kEm5paund] n. 化合物；复合词compre hension[kRm pri5hen F En] n.理解，理解力；领悟compre hensive[kR mpr i5hensiv] a. 广泛的；理解的compress [kEm5pres] vt. 压紧，压缩comprise [kEm5praiz] vt. 包含，包括；构成compromise [5kRmprEmaiz] n. 妥协，和解compute [kEm5pju:t] vt. 计算，估计，估算conceal [kEn5si:l] vt. 把…隐藏起来concentrate [5kRnsEn t rei t] vt. 集中；聚集；浓缩concentration [kRnsEn5treiFEn] n. 集中；专注；浓缩concept [5kRn sept] n.概念，观念，设想concern [kEn5sE:n] n.关心，挂念；关系concern ing[kEn5sE:n iN] pr ep. 关于concert [5kRnsEt] n. 音乐会，演奏会conclude [kEn5klu:d] vt. 推断出；结束conclusion [kEn5klu:VEn] n. 结论，推论；结尾concrete [5kRnkri:t] n. 混凝土；具体物condemn[kE n5d e m] vt. 谴责，指责；判刑condense [kEn5dens] vt. 压缩，使缩短condition [kE n5d i FEn] n.状况，状态；环境conduct [5kRndEkt, kEn5dQkt] n. 举止，行为；指导conductor [kEn5dQktE] n. 售票员；(乐队)指挥confer enc e [5kRn fEr E n s] n.会议，讨论会confess[kEn5fes] vt. 供认，承认；坦白confine [kEn5fain] vt. 限制；禁闭confirm[kEn5fE:m] vt. 证实，肯定；批准conflict [5kRnflikt, kEn5flikt] n. 争论；冲突；斗争confuse[kEn5fju:z] vt. 使混乱，混淆congratulate [kEn5grAtjuleit] vt. 祝贺，向…道喜congress[5kRNgres] n. 大会；国会，议会conjunction [kEn5dVQNkFEn] n. 接合，连接；连接词conquer [5kRNkE] vt. 征服，战胜；破除conquest [5kRNkwest] n. 攻取，征服；克服conscience [5kRnFEns] n. 良心，道德心conscious [5kRnFEs] a. 意识到的；有意的consciousness[5kRn FEsn is] n.意识，觉悟；知觉consent [kEn5sent] n. 同意，赞成vi. 同意consequence[5kRn sikw En s] n.结果，后果consequently[5kRn sikw En tli] ad. 因此，因而，所以conservation [kRnsE(:)5veiFEn] n. 保存，保护；守恒conser vative [kEn5sE:vEtiv] a. 保守的n.保守的人considerable[kEn5sid E rEb l] a. 相当大的；重要的considerate [kEn5sid E rit] a. 考虑周到的；体谅的consideration [kEnsidE5reiFEn] n. 考虑，思考；体贴consist [kEn5sist] vi. 由…组成；在于consistent [kEn5sistEnt] a. 坚持的，一贯的constant[5kRnstEnt] a. 经常的；永恒的constitute [5kRnstitju:t] vt. 构成,组成,任命constitution [kRnsti5tju:FEn] n. 章程；体质；构造construct[kE n5strQ kt] vt. 建造；建设；构筑construction[kEn5s t rQ kFE n] n.建造；建筑；建筑物consult[kEn5sQlt] vt. 请教，查阅consume[kE n5sju:m] vt. 消耗，消费；消灭consumption[kEn5s Q mpF E n] n.消耗量；消耗contact [5kRntAkt, kEn5tAkt] vt. 使接触；与…联系contain [kEn5tein] vt. 包含，容纳；等于container [kEn5teinE] n. 容器；集装箱contemporary [kEn5tempErEri] a. 当代的，同时代的contempt [kE n5tempt] n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱content [5kRntent, kEn5tent] n. 内容，目录；容量content [5kRntent, kEn5tent] a. 满意的，满足的contest [kEn5test, 5kRntest] vt. 争夺，争取；辩驳continent [5kRntinEnt] n. 大陆；陆地；洲continual [kEn5tinjuEl] a. 不断的；连续的continue [kEn5tinju(:)] vt. 继续，连续；延伸continuous [kEn5tinjuEs] a. 连续不断的，持续的contract [5kRntrAkt, kEn5trAkt] n. 契约，合同；婚约contradiction [kRntrE5dikFEn] n. 矛盾，不一致；否认contrary [5kRntrEri] a. 相反的n. 相反contribute[k E n5trib ju(:)t] vt. 捐献，捐助；投稿convenience [kEn5vi:njEns] n. 便利，方便；厕所convenient [kEn5vi:njEnt] a. 便利的；近便的convention [kEn5venFEn] n. 习俗，惯例；公约conventional [kEn5venFEnl] a. 普通的；习惯的conversation [kRnvE5seiFEn] n. 会话，非正式会谈conversely [5kRnvE:sli] ad. 相反地conversion [kEn5vE:FEn] n. 转变，转化；改变convert [kEn5vE:t,5k Rn vE:t] vt. 使转变；使改变convey [kEn5vei] vt. 传送；运送；传播convince [kEn5vins] vt. 使确信，使信服cooperate[kEu5RpEreit] vi. 合作，协作；配合coordinate [kEu5Rdinit] vt. 使协调，调节copper [5kRpE] n. 铜；铜币，铜制器cord [kR:d] n. 细绳，粗线，索core [kR:] n. 果实的心，核心corner [5kR:nE] n. 角；犄角；边远地区corporation [kR:pE5reiFEn] n. 公司，企业；社团correspond [kRris5pRnd] vi. 相符合；相当corresponding [kRris5pRndiN] a. 相应的；符合的corridor [5kRr idR:] n.走廊，回廊，通路costly [5kRstli] a. 昂贵的；价值高的cottage [5kRti d V] n.村舍，小屋cotton [5kRtn] n. 棉；棉线；棉布cough [kRf] vi. 咳，咳嗽n. 咳嗽council [5kaunsil] n. 理事会，委员会count [kaunt] vt. 计算vi. 数，计数counter[5kauntE] n. 柜台；计数器county[5kaunti] n. 英国的郡，美国的县crack [krAk] n. 裂缝，裂纹vi. 爆裂craft [kra:ft] n. 工艺；手艺，行业crane [krein] n. 起重机，摄影升降机crash [krAF] vi. 碰撞，坠落n. 碰撞crawl [krR:l] vi. 爬，爬行cream [kri:m] n. 奶油，乳脂；奶油色creature [5kri:tFE] n. 生物，动物，家畜credit [5kredit] n. 信用贷款；信用creep [kri:p] vi. 爬行；缓慢地行进crew [kru:] n. 全体船员criminal [5kriminl] n. 犯人，罪犯，刑事犯crisis [5kraisis] n. 危机；存亡之际critic [5kritik] n. 批评家，爱挑剔的人critical [5kritikEl] a. 决定性的；批评的criticism [5kritisizEm] n. 批评；批判；评论criticize [5kritisaiz] vt. 批评；评论；非难crown [kraun] n. 王冠，冕；花冠crude [kru:d] a. 简陋的；天然的cruel [5kruEl] a. 残忍的，残酷的crush [krQF] vt. 压碎，碾碎；镇压crust [krQst] n. 面包皮；硬外皮crystal[5kristl] n. 水晶，结晶体；晶粒cube [kju:b] n. 立方形；立方cubic [5kju:bik] a. 立方形的；立方的cultivate [5kQltiveit] vt. 耕；种植；培养cupboard [5kQbEd] n. 碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱cure [kjuE] vt. 医治；消除n. 治愈curiosity [kjuEri5Rsiti] n. 好奇，好奇心；珍品current [5kQrEnt] a. 当前的；通用的curse [kE:s] n. 诅咒，咒骂；天谴curtain [5kE:tn] n. 帘，窗帘；幕(布)curve [kE:v] n. 曲线；弯vt. 弄弯cushion [5kuFEn] n. 垫子，坐垫，靠垫customer [5kQstEmE] n. 顾客，主顾cycle [5saikl] n 自行车，循环D dairy [5dZEri] n. 牛奶场；乳制品dam [dAm] n. 水坝，水堤；障碍物dare [dZE] vt. &aux.v.敢；竟敢deal [di:l] n. 买卖；待遇vt. 给予debate[di5beit] n. &vi. 争论，辩论decade[5dekeid] n. 十年，十年期decay[di5kei] vi. 腐烂；衰败n. 腐烂deceive[di5si:v] vt. 欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗decide[di5said] vt. 决定，决心；解决deck[dek] n. 甲板；舱面；层面declare[di5klZE] vt. 断言；声明；表明decorate [5dekEreit] vt. 装饰，装璜，修饰decrease [di5kri:s, 5di:kri:s] vi. &n. 减少，减少deduce [di5dju:s] vt. 演绎，推论，推断deed [di:d] n. 行为；功绩；契约defect[di5fekt] n. 缺点，缺陷，欠缺definitely [5definitli] ad. 一定地，明确地definition [de f i5n i F E n] n.定义，释义；定界degree [di5gri:] n. 程度；度；学位delicate [5delikit] a. 纤细的；易碎的delight [di5lait] n.快乐vt. 使高兴deliver [di5livE] vt. 投递，送交；发表delivery [di5livEri] n. 投递；交付；分娩demand [di5ma:nd] vt. 要求；需要；询问democracy [di5mRkrEsi] n. 民主，民主制democratic [demE5krAtik] a. 民主的，民主政体的demonstrate [5demEnstreit] vt. 说明；论证；表露dense [dens] a. 密集的；浓厚的density [5densiti] n. 密集，稠密；密度deny [di5nai] vt. 否定；拒绝相信depart [di5pa:t] vi. 离开，起程；出发department [di5pa:tmEnt] n. 部，司，局，处，系departure [di5pa:tFE] n. 离开，出发，起程dependent [di5pendEnt] a. 依靠的，依赖的deposit [di5pRzit] vt. 使沉淀；存放depress [di5pres] vt. 使沮丧；按下depth [depW] n. 深度；深厚；深处derive[di5raiv] vt. 取得vi. 起源descend[di5send] vi. 下来，下降；下倾describe [dis5kraib] vt. 形容；描写，描绘description [dis5kripFEn] n. 描写，形容；种类desert [5dezEt, di5zE:t] n. 沙漠vt. 离弃；擅离deserve [di5zE:v] vt. 应受，值得design [di5zain] vt. 设计n. 设计；图样desirable [di5zaiErEbl] a. 值得相望的；可取的desire [di5zaiE] vt. 相望；要求n. 愿望despair [dis5pZE] n. 绝望vi. 绝望desperate [5despErit] a. 拼死的；绝望的despite [dis5pait] prep. 不管，不顾destination [desti5neiFEn] n. 目的地，终点；目标destruction [dis5trQkFEn] n. 破坏，毁灭，消灭detail [5di:teil] n. 细节；枝节；零件detect [di5tekt] vt. 察觉，发觉；侦察detection [di5tekFEn] n. 察觉，发觉；侦察determination [ditE:mi5neiFEn] n. 决心；决定；确定determine [di5tE:min] vt. 决定；查明；决心device [di5vais] n. 器械，装置；设计devil [5devl] n. 魔鬼，恶魔devise [di5vaiz] vt. 设计，发明devote [di5vEut] vt. 将…奉献，致力于diagram [5daiEgrAm] n. 图解，图表，简图dial [5daiEl] n. 钟面；拨号盘vt. 拨dialect [5daiElekt] n. 方言，土语，地方话diameter [dai5AmitE] n.直径diamond [5daiEmEnd] n. 金钢石，钻石；菱形dictate [dik5teit] vt. &vi. 口授；命令digital [5d idVitl] a. 数字的，计数的dim [dim] a. 昏暗的；朦胧的dimension [di5menFEn] n. 尺寸，尺度；面积dip [dip] vt. 浸，蘸vi. 浸一浸director [di5rektE] n. 指导者；理事；导演dirt [dE:t] n. 尘，土；污物，污垢disadvantage [disEd5va:ntidV] n. 不利，不利地位disagree [disE5gri:] vi. 有分歧；不一致disappear [disE5piE] vi. 不见，失踪；消失disappoint[disE5pRint] vt. 使失望，使受挫折disaster[di5za:stE] n. 灾难，灾祸；天灾disk [disk] n. 圆盘，唱片；磁盘disc [disk] n. 圆盘，唱片；磁盘discard [dis5ka:d] vt. 丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discharge [dis5tFa:dV] vt. 释放；排出n. 释放discipline [5disiplin] n. 纪律；训练vt. 训练discourage [dis5kQridV] vt. 使泄气，使灰心discover [dis5kQvE] vt. 发现；暴露，显示discovery [dis5kQvEri] n. 发现；被发现的事物discussion [dis5kQFEn] n. 讨论，谈论；论述disgust [dis5gQst] n. 厌恶，憎恶dish [diF] n. 碟，盘子；菜肴dismiss [dis5mis] vt. 不再考虑；解雇disorder [dis5R:dE] n. 混乱，杂乱；骚乱display [dis5plei] vt. 陈列，展览；显示disposal [dis5pEuzEl] n. 丢掉，处理，销毁dispose [dis5pEuz] vi. 去掉，丢掉；销毁dispute [dis5pju:t] vi. 争论，争执n. 争论dissolve[d i5z Rlv] vt. 使溶解；解散distance[5distEns] n. 距离，间距；远处distant[5distEnt] a. 在远处的，疏远的distinct[dis5tiNkt] a. 与其他不同的distinction[di s5t i N k F E n] n.差别，不同，区分distress [dis5tres] n. 忧虑，悲伤；不幸distribute [dis5tribju:t] vt. 分发，分送；分布distribution [distr i5b ju:FE n] n.分发，分配；分布district [5distrikt] n. 区；地区，区域disturb [dis5tE:b] vt. 打扰，扰乱；弄乱ditch [ditF] n. 沟，沟渠，渠道dive [daiv] vi. 跳水；潜水；俯冲diverse [dai5vE:s] a. 不一样的，相异的divide [di5vaid] vt. 分；分配；分开division [di5viVEn] n. 分，分配；除法document [5dRkjumEnt] n. 公文，文件；证件domestic [dE5mestik] a. 本国的；家庭的donkey [5dRNki] n. 驴；笨蛋dorm [dR:m] n. 宿舍dormitory [5dR:mitri] n. 集体寝室；宿舍dose [dEus] n. 剂量，用量；一剂dot [dRt] n. 点，圆点vt. 打点于doubtful [5dautful] a. 难以预测的；怀疑的downstairs [5daun5stZEz] ad. 在楼下a. 楼下的draft [dra:ft] n. 草稿；汇票vt. 起草drag [drAg] vt. 拖，拉；拖曳drain [drein] vt. 排去；放水n. 耗竭drama [5dra:mE] n. 一出戏剧，剧本dramatic [drE5mAtik] a. 引人注目的，戏剧的drawing [5drR:iN] n. 图画，素描；绘图drift [drift] vi. 漂流，漂泊n. 漂流drill [dril] n. 钻头；操练vi. 钻孔drip [drip] vi. 滴下；漏水n. 水滴drown [draun] vi. 淹死，溺死drum [drQm] n. 鼓；鼓状物，圆桶due[dju:] a. 预期的；应给的dull [dQl] a. 枯燥的；不鲜明的dump [dQmp] vt. 倾卸，倾倒；倾销durable [5djuErEbl] a. 耐久的，耐用的duration [djuE5reiFEn] n. 持续，持久dusk [dQsk] n. 薄暮，黄昏，幽暗dye [dai] vt. 染n. 染料；染色dynamic [dai5nAmik] a. 有活力的；动力的E eagle [5i:gl] n. 鹰earn [E:n] vt. 赚得，挣得；获得earnest [5E:nist] a. 认真的，诚恳的ease [i:z] n. 容易，舒适vt. 缓和eastern [5i:stEn] a. 东方的；朝东的easy [5i:zi] a. 容易的；安逸的echo [5ekEu] n. 回声，反响vi. 重复economical [i:kE5nRmikEl] a. 节约的；经济学的effect [i5f e k t] n.结果；效果，效力effective [i5f e k t i v] a. 有效的；有影响的efficiency [i5fiFEnsi] n. 效率；功效，效能efficient [i5fiFEnt] a. 效率高的，有能力的effort [5efEt] n. 努力；努力的成果elaborate[i5lA bE r i t] a. 复杂的；精心制作的elastic[i5lAstik] n. 松紧带a. 有弹性的elder[5eldE] a. 年龄较大的n. 长者election[i5lekFEn] n. 选举，选择权；当选electrical[i5le ktri kEl] a. 电的，电气科学的electron[i5lektrRn] n. 电子electronic [ilek5trRnik] a. 电子的elementary [eli5mentEri] a. 基本的；初级的elevator [5eliveitE] n. 电梯；升降机eliminate [i5limineit] vt. 消灭，消除，排除elsewhere [els5wZE] ad. 在别处，向别处embarrass[im5b A r E s] vt. 使窘迫，使为难embrace [im5breis] vt. 拥抱；包括；包围emerge [i5m E:d V] vi. 出现，涌现；冒出emergency [i5mE:dVEnsi] n. 紧急情况，突然事件emit [i5mit] vt. 散发；发射；发表emotion[i5mEuFEn] n. 情感，感情；激动emotional [i5mEuFEnl] a. 感情的，情绪的emperor [5empErE] n. 皇帝emphasis [5emfEsis] n. 强调，重点，重要性emphasize [5emfEsaiz] vt. 强调，着重empire [5empaiE] n. 帝国employ [im5plRi] vi. 雇用；用；使忙于employee [emplRi5i:] n. 受雇者，雇员，雇工employer [im5plRiE] n. 雇佣者，雇主employment [im5plRimEnt] n. 工业；雇用；使用enable [i5neibl] vt. 使能够，使可能enclose [in5klEuz] vt. 围住，圈起；附上encounter [in5kauntE] vt. 遭遇，遇到n. 遭遇encourage [in5kQridV] vt. 鼓励，支持，助长ending [5endiN] n. 结尾，结局；死亡endure [in5djuE] vt. 忍受；容忍enemy [5enimi] n. 敌人；仇敌；敌兵enforce [in5fR:s] vt. 实施，执行；强制engage [in5geidV] vt. 使从事于；聘用engineering [endVi5niEriN] n. 工程，工程学enormo us[i5nR:m E s] a. 巨大的，庞大的enquire [in5kwaiE] vi. vt. 询问enquiry [] n. 询问ensure [in5FuE] vt. 保证；保护；赋予entertain [entE5tein] vt. 使欢乐；招待enthusiasm [in5Wju:ziAzEm] n. 热情，热心，热忱entire[in5taiE] a. 全部的，整个的entitle [in5taitl] vt. 给…权利(或资格)entrance [5entrEns] n. 入口，门口；进入equality [i(:)5kwRliti] n. 等同，平等；相等equation[i5kwe i FE n] n.方程(式)；等式equip [i5kwip] vt. 装备，配备equivalent[i5kwivElEnt] a. 相等的；等量的era [5iErE] n. 时代，年代；纪元erect [i5r e k t] vt. 建造；使竖立essay[5esei] n. 短文，散文，小品文essential [i5senFEl] a. 必要的，本质的establish [is5tAbliF] vt. 建立，设立；确立establishment [is5tAbliFmEnt] n. 建立，设立，确立estimate [5estimit, 5estimeit] vt. 估计，评价n. 估计evaporate [i5vA p E r e it] vt. 使蒸发vi. 蒸发eve [i:v] n. 前夜，前夕，前一刻even [5i:vEn] a. 均匀的；平的evening [5i:vniN] n. 傍晚，黄昏，晚上eventually [i5ventjuEli] ad. 终于；最后evident [5evidEnt] a. 明显的，明白的evolution [i:vE5lju:FEn] n. 进化，演化；发展evolve [i5vRlv] vt. 使进化；使发展exaggerate [ig5zAdVEreit] vt. &vi. 夸大，夸张examine [ig5zAmin] vt. 检查，仔细观察exceed [ik5si:d] vt. 超过，胜过；超出exceedingly [ik5si:diNli] ad. 极端地，非常excellent [5eksElEnt] a. 优秀的，杰出的exception [ik5sepFEn] n. 例外，除外excess [ik5ses, 5ekses] n. 超越；过量；过度excessive [ik5sesiv] a. 过多的，极度的excite[ik5sait] vt. 使激动；引起exclaim [iks5kleim] vi. 呼喊；惊叫exclude [ik s5k l u:d] vt. 把…排除在外exclusively [iks5klu:sivli] ad. 专门地excursion [iks5kE:FEn] n. 远足；短途旅行execute [5eksikju:t] vt. 将…处死；实施executive [ig5zekjutiv] a. 执行的n. 执行者exercise [5eksEsaiz] n. 锻炼，训练vi. 练习exert [ig5zE:t] vt. 尽(力)，运用exhibit [ig5zibit] vt. 显示；陈列，展览exhibition [eksi5biFEn] n. 展览，陈列；展览会existence [ig5zistEns] n. 存在，实在；生存expansion[iks5p A nFE n] n.扩大，扩充；扩张explode [ik s5p l E u d] vt. 使爆炸vi. 爆炸exploit [5eksplRit, iks5plRit] vt. 剥削；利用；开拓explore [ik s5p l R:] vt. &vi. 探险，探索explosion [iks5plEuVEn] n. 爆炸，爆发，炸裂explosive [iks5plEusiv] n. 炸药a. 爆炸的expose[ik s5pEuz] vt. 使暴露；揭露exposure [iks5pEuVE] n. 暴露；揭露；曝光expr ess[ik s5p r es] vt. 表示n.快车，快递extension[iks5t e nFE n] n.延长部分；伸展extensive [iks5tensiv] a. 广阔的；广泛的extent [ik s5t e nt] n.广度；范围；程度exterior [eks5tiEriE] a. 外部的；对外的external [ek s5t E:nl] a. 外部的，外面的extraordinary [ik s5t r R:di nE r i] a. 非同寻常的，特别的extreme [iks5tri:m] a. 极度的；尽头的eyesight [5aisait] n. 视力，目力F fabric [5fAbrik] n. 织物，纺织品；结构facility [fE5siliti] n. 设备；容易；便利factor [5fAk tE] n.因素；因子，系数faculty [5fAkElti] n. 才能，能力；系，科fade [feid] vi. 褪色；逐渐消失faint [feint] a. 微弱的；虚弱的fair [fZE] n. 定期集市；博览会fairly [5fZEli] ad. 相当；公平地fame [feim] n. 名声，名望famine [5fAmin] n. 饥荒；严重的缺乏fare [fZE] n. 车费，船费，票价farewell [5fZE5wel] int.再会n. 告别fashionable [5fAFEnEbl] a. 流行的，时髦的fast [fa:st] a. 快的；偏快的ad. 快fasten [5fa:sn] vt. 扎牢，扣住fatal [5feitl] a. 致命的；命运的fate [feit] n. 命运，天数fatigue [fE5ti:g] n. 疲劳，劳累faulty [5fR:lti] a. 有错误的，有缺点的favour [5feivE] n. 好感；赞同；恩惠favourable [5feivErEbl] a. 有利的；赞成的feasible [5fi:zEbl] a. 可行的；可能的feature [5fi:tFE] n. 特征，特色；面貌federal [5fedErEl] a. 联邦的；联盟的feedback [5fi:dbAk] n. 回授，反馈，反应feeling [5fi:liN] n. 感情；感觉，知觉fellow [5felEu] n. 人，家伙；伙伴fence [fens] n. 栅栏fertile [5fE:tail] a. 肥沃的；多产的fertilizer [5fE:tilaizE] n. 肥料fetch [fetF] vt. 拿来；请来，接去fibre[5faibE] n. 纤维，纤维质fiction [5fikFEn] n. 小说；虚构，杜撰fierce [fiEs] a. 凶猛的，狂热的figure [5figE] n. 数字；外形；人物file [fail]n. 档案vt. 把…归档fill [fil] vt. 装满，盛满；占满filter[5filtE] vt. 过滤n. 滤纸flame[fleim] n. 火焰；光辉；热情flavour [5fleivE] n. 味，味道；风味fleet [fli:t] n. 舰队；船队，机群flesh [fleF] n. 肉，肌肉；肉体flexible [5fleksEbl] a. 易弯曲的；灵活的flight [flait] n. 航班；飞行；逃跑float [flEut] vi. 漂浮vt. 使漂浮flock [flRk] n. 羊群，群；大量flourish [5flQriF] vi. 繁荣，茂盛，兴旺flow [flEu] vi. 流动；飘垂；涨潮fluent [5flu(:)Ent] a. 流利的，流畅的fluid[5f lu(:)i d] n.流体，液体focus [5fEukEs] vi. 聚焦，注视n. 焦点fog [fRg] n. 雾；烟雾，尘雾fold [fEuld] vt. 折叠；合拢n. 褶folk [fEulk] n. 人们，家属，亲属footstep [5futstep] n. 脚步；脚步声；足迹forehead [5fRrid, 5fR:hed] n. 额头，前部forge [fR:dV] n. 熔炉,铁工厂vt. 打制,锻造,伪造fork [fR:k] n. 餐叉；叉；分叉formula [5fR:mjulE] n. 公式，式forth [fR:W] ad. 向前；向外，往外fortnight [5fR:tnait] n. 两星期，十四天fortunate [5fR:tFEnit] a. 幸运的，侥幸的fortunately [5fR:tFEnitli] ad. 幸运地，幸亏foundation [faun5deiFEn] n. 基础；地基；基金fountain [5fauntin] n. 泉水，喷泉；源泉fox [fRks] n. 狐狸；狡猾的人fraction [5frAkFEn] n. 小部分；片断；分数fragment [5frAgmEnt] n. 碎片，破片，碎块frame [freim] n. 框架，框子；构架framework [5freimwE:k] n. 框架，构架，结构frank [frANk] a. 坦白的，直率的freeze [fri:z] vi. 冻；结冻vt. 使结冰freight [freit] n. 货运；货物；运费fr equency[5fri:k wEnsi] n.屡次；次数；频率fr equent[5f r i:k wEnt] a. 时常发生的；经常的friction [5frikFEn] n. 摩擦，摩擦力frighten [5f rai t n] vt. 使惊恐，吓唬frog [frRg] n. 蛙frontier [5frQntjE] n. 边境；边疆；新领域frost [frRst] n. 冰冻，严寒；霜frown [fraun] vi. 皱眉，蹙额fruitful[5fru:tful] a. 多产的；肥沃的fry [frai]vt. 油煎，油炸，油炒fuel [fjuEl] n. 燃料vt. 给…加燃料fulfil [ful5fil] vt. 履行；满足；完成function [5fQNkFEn] n. 功能；职务；函数fund [fQnd] n. 资金；基金；存款fundamental [fQndE5mentl] a. 基础的，基本的funeral [5fju:nErEl] n. 葬礼，丧礼，丧葬funny [5fQni] a. 古怪的；滑稽的furnace [5fE:nis] n. 炉子，熔炉；鼓风炉furnish [5fE:niF] vt. 供应，提供；装备furniture [5fE:nitFE] n. 家具；装置，设备furthermore [5fE:TE5mR:] ad. 而且，此外G gallon [5gAlEn] n. 加仑garage [5gAra:V] n. 车库；加油站garden [5ga:dn] n. 花园，菜园；公园gardener [5ga:dnE] n. 园丁，花匠gaseous [5geizjEs] a. 气体的，气态的gasoline [5gAsEli:n] n. (美)汽油gauge [geidV] vt. 量，测量n. 量器gay [gei]a. 快乐的；鲜明的generate [5dVenEr e it] vt. 发生；引起；生殖generator [5dVenEr e itE] n.发电机；发生者genero us[5dVenEr E s] a. 慷慨的；宽厚的genius[5dVi:njEs] n.天才，天赋，天资gentle [5dVentl] a. 和蔼的；轻柔的genuine[5dVenjuin] a. 真的；真正的geography [dVi5RgrEfi] n. 地理，地理学geometry [dVi5Rmitri] n. 几何，几何学germ [dVE:m] n. 微生物，细菌，幼芽gestur e [5dVestFE] n.姿势，手势；姿态ghost [gEust] n. 鬼，灵魂；鬼魂giant [5dVaiEnt] n.巨人；巨物glance [gla:ns] vi. 看一下n. 一瞥glass [gla:s] n. 玻璃；玻璃杯glimpse [glimps] vt. 瞥见n. 一瞥，一看globe [glEub] n. 地球，世界；地界仪glorious [5glR:riEs] a. 光荣的；壮丽的glory [5glR:ri] n. 光荣；荣誉的事glow [glEu] n. 白热光vi. 发白热光glue [glu:] n. 胶，胶水vt. 胶合goat [gEut] n. 山羊goose [gu:s] n. 鹅，雌鹅governor [5gQvEnE] n. 州长；主管人员grace [greis] n. 优美，文雅；雅致grade [greid] vt. 给…分等级n. 等级gradual [5grAdjuEl] a. 逐渐的；渐进的grain [5grein] n. 谷物，谷粒；颗粒grammatical [grE5mAti kEl] a. 语法上的gramme [grAm] n. 克grand [grAnd] a. 宏伟的；重大的grant [gra:nt] n. 授给物vt. 授予graph [grAf] n. (曲线)图，图表grateful [5greitful] a. 感激的；令人愉快的gratitude [5grAtitju:d] a. 感激，感谢，感恩grave [greiv] n. 坟墓a. 严重的gravity [5grAviti] n. 重力，引力；严重性gray [grei] a. 灰色的n. 灰色。

TEM-4高频词汇1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。

2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,8. of one‟s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one‟s accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照, 根据12. on one‟s own account1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one‟s own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain ab out) 指控,控告19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉10.abroad adv overseas1. affect 影响vt. The small amount of rain last year affected the growth of crops .2. blame n. 责备vi. compliment n. 称赞You should not blame on me.3. bubble n 气泡Children like make bubbles with soap and water.4. cemetery /semiteri / 墓地graveyardThere are many tombs in the cemetery.5. commendation n 赞扬praise / blame He was given the commendation for bravery after he saved the little children from fire.6. …conflict/ reconcili‟ation和好调停n reconcile v7. cooperate v. cooperation n. cooperative adj.8. curious adj. curiosity n. inquisitive adj. 好奇9. be all Greek to sb. 对什么完全不懂I am good at dancing, but drawing is all Greek to me.1.delicious / sweet-tasting2. direct v. 监督adj. 直接的Which is the direct way to London?There is nobody to direct the workers.3.draw v. 拉/ dragDraw your chair nearer to me.4.empire n. 帝国The United States was once a part of Britain Empire.5.event n.事件The discovery of America is a great event.6.failure n. 失败7.file n.文卷档v. 归档Please put these letters in the main file.The secretary filed the card in order.8.frank adj. 坦白的/ honest candid 率直的坦白的/deceitful 惯于欺骗的dishonestHe was frank to admit that he hadn‟t studied the lesson.9.generate v. 产生generating station 发电厂10. halt v. 停止前进halt between two opinions 拿不定主意。

TEM 4重点语法详解1. 集体名词作主语主谓一致1）通常作复数的集体名词集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry 等，通常作复数，用复数动词。

如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词，女口f oliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, 通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。

例如：All the machi nery in the factory is made in Ch ina.3）既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词，女口audienee, committee, class, crew, family, public, government 等，既可作单数，可作复数用。

The city council is meeti ng to set its age nda.4） a committee, etc. of + 数纟如果主语是由"a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。

例如： A committee of five men and three wome n is to con sider the matter.2. 关于used to的意义和用法used to （只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式）表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。

例如：He used to smoke a lot, but he has long give n up smok ing.在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn' t use to或usedn' t to均可：He didn ' t use to smoke cigarettes.He usedn' t to smoke cigarettes.Didn ' t Maria use to be interested in the theatre?Usedn' t Maria to be interested in the theatre?在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：Used you to go to the same school as Edward?Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?3. 关于dare的意义和用法作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。

语法篇第一部分：应试要求及策略一、测试要求及题型分析1、测试目的及要求：语法测试的目的主要是检查考生运用教学大纲所规定的语法结构及基本语法概念的能力。

要求考生能灵活、正确地运用教学大纲语法结构表一至四级的全部内容，在所给出的选择项中做出正确选择。

2、题型分析：语法在专业四级考试中与词汇共同为一项（GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY）测试内容，题型为多项选择题，每题共有四个选择项，要求考生选择其中正确的一项，共30题，其中语法内容约占12-13题左右。

二、评分标准本题（GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY）为客观题，共30题，原始分30分，占总分比重的15%。

三、解题思路和方法专业四级测试中的语法涵盖教学大纲语法结构表中的全部内容。

按照大纲要求，考生在答题时应体现出这些特点，即语法知识系统、语法概念清晰、形式正确、实际运用熟练。

为能充分备考，在平时的学习过程中，考生要熟悉并掌握大纲所列的语法项目，同时还应学会恰当的解题方法。

下面是我们的几点具体建议：1．充分领会出题意图语法考试题型为多项选择题，命题者通常会将备选项设计得非常相近以干扰考生。

因此在考试时，不要急于答题，首先应有意识地领会命题者的意图，正确判断考题所涉及的语法点，根据语法规则作出正确的选择。

例如在下题（1997年42题）中，考生首先就应该判断出本题是测试反意疑问句中前后对应问题。

When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ______?A. do youB. will youC. don’t youD. won’t you答案是B。

根据语法规则，在“祈使句+反意疑问”构成的反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分通常用will you，won’t you等。

本题中祈使句是否定形式，故反意疑问句应为肯定形式。

2．注重语法规则的限制和例外考生解题时，在充分领会了出题意图，做出正确判断后，还应考虑其是否涉及语法的限制与例外。

专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词（短语）/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词，它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如：homework4. 物质名词一般不可数，但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如：different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点：必须用’s的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间，度量衡，价值的名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有，在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店，住家，教堂，医院等，此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时，必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时，要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时，都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时，须用复数，而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式：1)‘名词+基数词’，不用冠词，如Chapter four2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter9. 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10. 分数分子为基数词，分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11. 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词、副词1 前置修饰语的排列顺序可以置于冠词前的形容词（all both such) -----冠词，指示形容词，所有格形容词，不定形容词（a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词（one ) 序数词（first)------------ 表示性质，状态，质量的形容词（good useful)--------------表示大小，长短，形状的形容词----------------表示年龄，新旧，温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍，产地，区域的形容词-----------表示材料，用做形容词的名词----------动名词，分词2．后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词3．形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时，必须后置4．enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后，但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时，必须后置5．有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’，‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than6．much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词，不修饰名词7．more 不能用来修饰比较级8．与名词连用的more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a.... 意为更像……9．as much of a……意为称得上，less of a 意为算不上10．none other than(不是别人，正是）=no other than11．any/sone/every与other连用时，其后若用可数名词，一般为单数三、情态动词、虚拟语气1．can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不，只能（but后跟不带to的动词不定式）2．must 表示禁止，一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can’t3．need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味4．need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事（经常考）虚拟语气1．It is (high/about/the)time... 谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了2．It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验3．as if/though 的虚拟要点1) 对当时事实的假设，从句谓语用过去式，be动词一律用were2)对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成式3)对未来事实的假设，从句谓语用would+动词原型五、比较级比较等级的含义:英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级，即原级，比较级和最高级。

独立主格结构独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。

独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。

若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。

这种结构称为“独立结构”。

其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。

非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。

“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。

功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。

例如：表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。

Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

表示条件The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。

表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。

He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。

表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。

TEM-4 核心词汇1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂3. dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理（of）4. blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸，炸掉5. consume v. 消耗，耗尽6. split v.劈开；割裂；分裂a裂开的7. spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9. slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10. slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11. bacteria n. 细菌12. breed n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔13. budget n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排14. candidate n. 候选人15. campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17. transform v. 转变，变革；变换18. transmit v. 传播，播送；传递19. transplant v. 移植20. transport vt. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具21. shift v. 转移；转动；转变22. vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化23. vanish vi. 消灭，不见24. swallow v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子25. suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26. suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的27. mild a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28. tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29. nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31. accelerate vt. 加速，促进32. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33. boundary n. 分界线，边界34. brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车）35. catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目36. vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37. vain n. 徒劳，白费38. extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39. extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40. extreme a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分41. agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42. alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43. appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求44. a ppreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45. a pprove v. 赞成，同意，批准46. s timulate vt. 刺激，激励47. a cquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48. a ccomplish vt . 完成，到达；实行49. n etwork n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50. t ide n. 潮汐；潮流51. t idy a. 整洁的，整齐的52. t race vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹53. t orture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54. w ander vi. 漫游，闲逛55. w ax n. 蜡56. w eave v. 织，编57. p reserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v.毁坏，破坏n.毁灭，［pl.］废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi. 易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受专业四级常见短语1.动词短语be about to do 刚要,即将be friends with 与.... 友好bear in mind 记住bring into effect 实行;使生效bring intooperation 实施;使生效can not help 禁不住,忍不住carry into effect 施行;使生效cast light on/upon 阐明,使了解catch fire 着火,烧着catch one's breath 喘气,松口气;屏息catch one's eye 引人注目catch sight of 看到,发现come into effect 生效;实施come into operation 施行,实行,生效come to one's senses 醒悟;苏醒come true 实现could not help 禁不住,忍不住cut short 中断,打断do one's best 尽力,努力enjoy oneself 过得快活fall in love with 爱上findfault(with) 找岔gain an advantage over 胜过,优于get hold of 得到,获得get rid of 丢弃,摆脱, get the best of 战胜get the better of 战胜,占上风get together 会面,装配give rise to 引起,导致give way 让路,让步go ahead 开始,进行go into effect 施行,实行,生效go into operation 生效,实施go wrong 出错,出故障had better 应该had rather 宁愿had rather ..... tha n 宁愿.... 而不愿 ... have an advantage over 胜过,优于have in mind 想到;记得;打算havenothing to do with 禾口........ 毫无关系have(something/much/little)to do with 和……(有些/有很大/没有什么)关系help oneself 自用,自取keep an eyeon 留意,照看keep in mind 记住keep one's head 保持镇静keepone's word 守信用keep pace(with)( 与…… )齐步前进lead the way 引路,带路learn by heart 记住,背诵leave alone 不打扰,不干预let alone 更别提,不打扰let go (of) 放,松手lose heart 失去勇气,丧失信心lose one's head 慌乱,仓皇失措lose one's temper 发脾气,发努lose sight of 忘记,忽略;看不见make a /the difference 有影响,起作用make friends 交朋友make fun of 取笑,嘲弄make one's way 去,前往make sense 讲得通,言之有理make sure 查明;务必make the best of 充分利用make the most of 充分利用make up one's mind 下决心,打定主意make use of 使用,利用make way 让路,让出地方may as well 还不如,不妨never mind 不要紧;不用担心pay attention to 注意piece together 拼合play a part(in) 起作用,参于put into effect 实施;使生效put into operation 实施;使生效put into practice 实施;实行put to use 使用see to it that 注意,务必,保证see that 注意,务必,保证set fire to 使燃烧,点燃take ...... f or把.... 认为是take a chance 冒险,投机take (a) delight in 以 ... 为乐take advantage of 利用，趁.. 之机take care 当心,注意take care of 照顾，照料take charge 管理，接管take effect生效，起作用take into account 考虑takefor gran ted认为....... 理所当然take one's time 不着急，不着慌takepains 努力，尽力，下苦功take part(in) 参加，参于take place 发生，进行，举行take the place of 代替，取代take turns 依次，轮流tahorw light on 阐明，使了解think better of经考虑改变对............................. 的看法try one's best 尽力，努力2. 形容词同介词的搭配absent from 不在，缺席abundant in 富于alien to与............ 相反angry with sb at/about sth 生气，愤怒anxious about/for 忧虑，担心appropriate for/to 适当，合适applicableto 适用于apt at 聪明，善于apt to 易于ashamed of 羞愧，害臊approximate to近拟，接近aware of 意识到abailable tosb for sth 可用，可供bare of 几乎没有，缺乏bound for 开往capable of 能够careful of/about/with; 小心，注意certain of /about 确信，肯定about/in doing characteristic of 特有，独特clear of 没有，不接触clever at 善于close to 接近，亲近comparable to/with 可比较conscious of 察觉到，意识到consequent on 随之而来considerate towards 体谅，体贴con temporary with 与....... 同时代content with 满足于contrary to 违反counter to 与............. 相反crazy about 热衷，着迷critical of 挑剔，批评curious about 好奇，想知道distinct from 种类(风格)不同doubtful of /about 怀疑east of在.... 东面equal to 相等，胜任equivalent to 等于，相当于essential to/for 必不可少expert at/in/on 善于faithful to 忠实于familiar to sb 为.... 所熟悉familiar with sth 熟悉，通晓fatal to 致命的favourable to 支持，赞成favourable for 有帮助的fearful of 惧怕fit for 适于foreign to非所原有fond of 喜欢free of /from 未受;免费free with 康慨，大方guilty of有罪的hungry for 渴望ignorant of 不知道impatient at sth. 不耐烦impatient of 无法容忍with sb independent of 不受支酉己impatient for 急切，渴望indifferent to 无兴趣，不关心indignant with sb. 愤慨inferior to 级别低于，不如ab/about sth innocent of 无............... 罪，无辜intent on 专心于invisible to 不可见的jealous of 嫉妒acquaintance with 相识，了解keep on 爱好,很喜欢action on sth对.... 的作用liable for对.... 有责任addition to sth 增加liable to 易于admission to /into 进入，入（场，学，会）loyal to 忠于admission of sth 承认mad at/with sb. 生气,愤怒advance in 改进，进步mad with因.... 发狂advantage over优于 .. 的有禾U条件next to 下一个,其次affection for/towards 爱，喜欢necessary to /for 必要的answer to ....... 的答案opposite to 在对面anxiety for sth 渴望open to 不限制,开放的apology to sb for sth 道歉particular about 挑剔,讲究appeal to sb for sth 恳求，呼吁parallel to与... 平等，类似appeal for 魅力，吸引力peculiar to 独特的,独有的appetite for对... 的欲望patient with 有耐心application 把.... 应用于...prior to 在 ... 之前approach to 类似，办法，通道ofsth/topopular with 受.... 喜爱，爱戴sthrepresentative of 代表... 的argument赞成仮对.... 的理由relative to 与... 有关arrangement for 对....的安排rich in 富于for /against attack on 对..... 的进攻,评responsible for 负责，是 .. 原因击sensitive to 对.... 敏感attempt at 尝试，企图sensible of 觉查到attention to对 ... 的注意sick of 厌恶，厌倦attraction for对.... 的吸引力short of 缺少balanee between ...... 之间的平衡skilled at /in 善于barrier to ....... 的障碍similar to 相似belief in对……的信仰，相信sufficient for 足够的candidate for 候选人，人选subject to 受制于，易于check on 检查，阻止superior to 优于，级别高于claim for sth 要求suitable for/to 适合于collision with sb/sth 碰撞，冲突suspicious of 怀疑comment on /about 对……的评论sure of /about对.... 有信心，确信between A and Btypical of 是典型的，特有的complaint of /about 报怨，控告tired of对.... 不在感兴趣compromise between/on 折中，妥协votal to对 ... 关系重大concentration on sth 专心，集中精力uncertain of /about 不确知concentration of sth 集中，聚集mad about/on 狂热迷恋concern about/for/over 担心void of 没有，缺乏confidence in 对……的信任，相信connection between; 关系，连接3. 名词同介词的搭配consent to sth 同意absence from 缺席，不在with/to sth contact with sb/sth 接触，联系absence of 缺乏contest for sth 争夺，竞争access to ...... 的入口，通路contradiction between 矛盾，不一致contrast to/with sth 对比,对照contribution to 贡献,捐献,促成between A and B conversation with sb 对话conversion 转变,转换about sth of sth intosth credit for sth 荣誉,赞扬damage to sth损坏danger to sb/sth 危险decision on/against 做/不做.... 的决定decrease in sth ..... 的减少defence against 防御,保卫delegate to参加...............的代表dema nd for对....的需求departure from 离开desire for sth 渴望difference 不同,差异difference 分歧between ..... in ........between ..... over ........ dispute about 争论,辩论distinction between 区别doubt about/as to怀疑effect on对的作用emphasis on对....的强调，注重encounter with 遭遇,遇到enthusiasmabout/for 热情entrance to 的入口，入场envy of sb 嫉妒exception to ..... 的例夕卜of /at sthexposure to sth 暴露fancy for sth 喜爱faith in对……的信任，信仰glance at 扫视gratitude to sb 感激guessat sth 猜测for sth hatred for/of 仇恨hazard to 危险hunger for 渴望impact on/ upon 对……的撞击，巨大影响improvement on/in 对……的改进，提高increase in sth 增加，增长independencefrom 独立，自主influence on 对……的影响inquiry about 对……的查询inquiry into 对……的调查interaction with sth 相互作用inteference in/with 干涉，阻碍between /among sth introduction to 引言，介绍，入门memorial to sth 引进（物） invitation to 邀请investment in sth 投资loyalty to sb/sth 忠诚memorial to sb/sth 纪念碑obstacle to sth 纪念碑objection to sth 反对opponent of sth ……的障碍opponent at /in sth 对手patience with 反对者passion for 对……的强烈爱好，热爱precaution against 耐心pity for sb/sth 可怜，怜悯preference for sth 预防，防备preface to ……的前言preparation for 偏爱preference to sth 优先proposal for sth 准备prejudice against/ 对……的偏见，偏重preparation for 建议in favour of …… protection for sb 保护protest against sth 抗议against sth provision for/against 准备pull at/on sth 拉，拖ratio of sth to sth 比率reaction to 对……的反应reason for 原因，理由reference to 提及，参考regard for 对……的注意，尊重remedy for 补救，解决reply to sb/sth 对……的回答reputation for 名声，名气request for sth 要求researchon/into 对……的研究，调查resistance to 对……的抵抗，阻力response to 对……的回答，反应responsibility for 责任，负责restrainst on sb/sth 限制,约束search for对... 的搜寻service to 服务,贡献similarity betwee n .................................. 的相似之处skill at 技巧,熟练solution to ........ 的解决办法sorrow at/for/over 悲哀,悲痛stress on 对............ 的强调supplement to sth 补充,增刊sympathy for 对............. 的同情sympathy with 对.... 的赞同taste for对 ... 的爱好，喜爱taste in对... 的审美能力tendency to sth 趋向，趋势trust in 对……的信赖，信任wish for 欲望，愿望4. 常用其它短语a series of 一系列，一连串above all 首先，尤其是after all 毕竟，究竟ahead of 在……之前ahead of time 提前all at once 突然，同时all but几乎;除了……都all of a sudden 突然all over 遍及all over again 再一次，重新all the time 一直，始终all the same 仍然，照样的as regards 关于，至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上apart from 除……外(有/无) as a rule 通常，照例as a result(of) 因此，由于as far as …… be concerned 就……而言as far as 远至,到................ 程度as for 至于，关于as follows 如下as if 好像，仿怫as good as 和……几乎一样as usual 像平常一样，照例as to 至于，关于all right 令人满意的;可以as well 同样，也，还as well as除.............. 外他），即. 又aside from 除……外（还有） at a loss 茫然，不知所措at a time 一次，每次at all 丝毫（不），一点也不at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样，无论如何at all times 随时，总是at any rate 无论如何，至少at best 充其量，至多at first 最初，起先at first sight 乍一看，初看起来at hand 在手边，在附近at heart 内心里，本质上at home 在家，在国内at intervals 不时，每隔…… at large 大多数，未被捕获的at least 至少at last 终于at length 最终，终于at most 至多，不超过at no time 从不，决不by accident 偶然at one time 曾经，一度;同时at present 目前，现在at sb's disposal 任……处理at the cost of 以……为代价at the mercy of 任凭……摆布at the moment 此刻，目前at this rate 照此速度at times 有时，间或back and forth 来回地，反复地back of 在……后面before long 不久以后beside point 离题的，不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法，务必by and by 不久，迟早by chance 偶然，碰巧by far最, ............ 得多by hand 用手，用体力by iteslf 自动地,独自地by means of 用,依靠by mistake 错误地,无意地by no means 决不, 并没有by oneself 单独地, 独自地by reson of 由于by the way 顺便说说by virtue of 借助,由于by way of经由，通过.. 方法due to 由于,因为each other 互相even if/though 即使，虽然ever so 非常，极其every now and then 时而，偶尔every other 每隔一个的except for 除了............. 夕卜face to face 面对面地far from 远非，远离for ever 永远for good 永久地for the better 好转for the moment 暂时，目前for the present 暂时，目前for the sake of 为了，为了..... 的利益for the time being 暂时，眼下from time to time 有时，不时hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联head on 迎面地，正面的heart and soul 全心全意地how about .............. 怎么样in a hurry 匆忙，急于in case of 假如，防备in a moment 立刻，一会儿in a sense 从某种意义上说in a way 在某种程度上in a word 简言之，总之in accordanee with 与.... 一致，按照in addition 另外，加之in addition to 除................. 之外(还)in advance 预先，事先in all 总共，合计in any case 无论如何in any event 无论如何in brief 简单地说in charge of 负责，总管in common 共用的，共有的in consequence(of) 因此;由于in debt 欠债，欠情in detail 详细地in difficulty 处境困难in effect 实际上，事实上in general 一般来说，大体上in favour of 支持，赞成in front of 面对，在... 前in half 成两半in hand 在进行中，待办理in honour of 为庆祝，为纪念in itself 本质上，就其本身而言in line with 与.... 一致in memory of 纪念in no case 决不in no time 立即，马上in no way 决不in order 按顺序，按次序in other words 换句话说in part 部分地in particular 特别，尤其in person 亲自，本人in place 在合适的位置in place of 代替，取代，交换in practice 在实践中，实际上in proportion to 与 .... 成比例in public 公开地，当众in quantity 大量in question 正在谈论的in regard to 关于，至于in relation to 关于，涉及in return 作为报答/回报/交换in return for作为对.... 报答in short 简言之，总之in sight 被见到;在望in spite of 尽管in step 齐步，合拍in step with 与.... 一致/协调in tears 流着泪，在哭着in the course of在.... 期间/过程中in the distance 在远处in the end 最后，终于in the event of如果 ... 发生，万一in the face of 即使；在.. 面前in the first place 首先in the future 在未来in the least 丝毫，一点in (the)light of 鉴于，由于in the way 挡道in the world 究竟，到底in time 及时in touch 联系，接触in turn 依次，轮流；转而in vain 徒劳，白费力instead of 代替，而不是just now 眼下；刚才little by little 逐渐地lots of 许多many a 许多more or less 或多或少，有点next door 隔壁的，在隔壁no doubt 无疑地no less than 不少于... ;不亚于•…no longer 不再no more 不再no more than 至多，同……一样不none other than 不是别的，正是on one's guard 警惕，提防nothing but 只有，只不过now and then 时而，偶尔off and on 断断续续，间歇地off duty 下班on a large/small scale 大/小规模地on account of 由于on(an/the) average 平均，通常on behalf of 代表on board 在船(车/飞机)上转on business 因公on condition that 如果on duty 上班，值班on earth 究竟，到底on fire 起火着火on foot 步行， on guard 站岗，值班on hand 在场，在手边on occasion(s) 有时，间或on one's own 独立，独自on purpose 故意地on sale 出售，廉价出售on schedule 按时间表，准时on second thoughts 经重新考虑on the contrary 正相反on the grounds of 根据，以……为由on (the) one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面on the point of 即将……的时刻on the road 在旅途中on the side 作为兼职/副业on the spot 在场;马上on the whole 总的来说，大体上on time 准时once again 再一次once(and)for all 一劳永逸地once in a while 偶尔once more 再一次once upon a time 从前one another 相互or else 否则，要不然or so 大约，左右other than 非;除了out of 从……中;由于;缺乏out of breath 喘不过气来out of control 失去控制out of date 过时的out of doors 在户外out of order 出故障的out of place 不适当的out of practice 久不练习，荒疏out of sight 看不见，在视野外out of the question 毫无可能的out of touch 不联系，不接触over and over(again) 一再地，再三地prior to 在……之前quite a few 相当多，不少rather than 不是…… (而是) regardless of 不顾，不惜right away 立即，马上side by side 肩并肩，一起so far 迄今为止sooner or later 迟早，早晚step by step 逐步地such as 例如,诸如thanks to 由于,多亏that is (to say) 就是说,即to the point 切中要害,切题under control 处于控制之下under the circumstances 这种情况下up to date 在进行中up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于what if 切合目前情况的what about 怎么样with respect to如果.... 将怎么样with regard to 关于,至于without question 关于,至于, with the exception of 除............ 之夕卜without question 毫无疑问word for word 逐字的。

TEM-4 Exercise 1(Grammar & V ocabulary)1. _____ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.A. AtB. InC. ForD. On正确答案是2. ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive正确答案是3. ____ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.A. ContinuousB. ContinualC. ConstantD. Contrary正确答案是4. ____ he's already heard the news.A. Chances areB. Chance isC. Opportunities areD. Opportunity is正确答案是5.____ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.A. But forB. According toC. For allD. Thanks to正确答案是6. ____ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.A. AsB. WhetherC. WhileD. Now that正确答案是7. ____ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. To freeC. FreeingD. Freed正确答案是8. ____ should any money be given to a small child.A. On no accountB. From all accountC. Of no accountD. By all account正确答案是9.____ the advances of the science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A. As forB. DespiteC. ExceptD. Besides正确答案是10. ____ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. To giveB. GivenC. GivingD. Having given正确答案是11. ____ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.A. InB. AtC. OnD. With正确答案是12. ____ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A. Making upB. Doing upC. Putting upD. Sizing up正确答案是13. ____ the whole, early American city planning was excellent.A. InB. FromC. OnD. Above正确答案是14. ____ we are having these days!A. What a lovely weatherB. What lovely weathersC. What lovely weatherD. What lovely a weather正确答案是15. ____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal正确答案是16. ____, he does not love her.A. As he likes her very muchB. Though much he likes herC. Much although he likes herD. Much though he likes her正确答案是17. A drunk man walked in, ____ in appearance.A. repulsiveB. reluctantC. reproachfulD. reputed正确答案是18. A good many houses ____ knocked down by the earthquake.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are正确答案是19. A good teacher must know how to ____ his ideas.A. conveyB. displayC. consultD. confront正确答案是20. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is ____ conditions or events.A. in response toB. in favor ofC. in contrast toD. in excess of正确答案是21. A love marriage, however, does not necessarily ____ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.A. take overB. result inC. hold onD. keep to正确答案是22. A man has to make _____ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A. supplyB. assuranceC. provisionD. adjustment正确答案是23. A river _____ through the narrow wooded valley below.A. extendsB. poursC. expandsD. twists正确答案是24. A writer has to ____ imagination as well as his experiences for his writing.A. drawing back fromB. draw inC. draw upD. draw on正确答案是25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of maturity.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. accomplishment正确答案是26. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U.S., he will _____ work on a five-language opera.A. confineB. indulgeC. resumeD. undergo正确答案是27. After briefly ____ the history of the author, Prof. Li turned to the novel itself immediately.A. dipping inB. dipping atC. dipping intoD. dipping to正确答案是28.After negotiation, the two countries ____ the terms of peace.A. agreed withB. agreed inC. agreed toD. agreed on正确答案是29. After performing a successful operation, the doctor at last pulled the patient ____.A. backB. inC. upD. through正确答案是30. After reading these books, he was _____ to the Darwinian theory of evolution.A. changedB. convertedC. transferredD. adjusted正确答案是31. Airplane and television are among the ____ of science.A. masksB. martyrsC. marvelsD. marrow正确答案是32. All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully ____ the risks and benefits.A. weighingB. valuingC. evaluatingD. distinguishing正确答案是33. Although Asian countries are generally more ____ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.A. conservativeB. confidentialC. comprehensibleD. consistent正确答案是34. Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the ____ of his life.A. torchB. tormentC. topicD. topper正确答案是35. Although he thought he was helping us to prepare the dinner, he was actually ____ the way.A. inB. offC. byD. on正确答案是36. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have ____ vision.A. vigorousB. exactC. acuteD. vivid正确答案是37. Although sports ____ the household, Joe drew the line when they interfered with family traditions and routine.A. overwhelmedB. affectedC. dominatedD. influenced正确答案是38. Although the town had been ____ by the storm several times, little damage was done.A. attackedB. injuredC. harmedD. struck正确答案是39. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ____ before the West was settled.A. couldB. wasC. wouldD. did正确答案是40. Among the many subjects in school, mathematics is probably the most _____, depending least on a student's background and culture.A. universalB. abstractC. arbitraryD. concrete正确答案是41. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive正确答案是42. As a salesman, he works on a (an) _____ basis, taking 10% of everything he sells.A. incomeB. commissionC. salaryD. pension正确答案是43. As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both _____ targets and moving targets.A. stationaryB. standingC. stableD. still正确答案是44. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _____.A. ought to be saidB. must sayC. have to be saidD. need to say正确答案是45. As the plane was getting ready to take off, we all _____ our seat belt.A. tiedB. lockedC. fastenedD. closed正确答案是46. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _____ to another subject.A. committedB. switchedC. favoredD. transmitted正确答案是47. At no time _____ other countries. A. China will invadeB. will invade ChinaC. will China invadeD. invade will China正确答案是48. Be here on Friday _____ the latest.A. atB. byC. forD. in正确答案是49. Because the whole country is in a financial dilemma, the government calls on us to _____ economy.A. makeB. practiceC. carryD. develop正确答案是50. Before he started the work, I asked the builder to give me an _____ of the cost of repairing the roof.A. assessmentB. estimateC. announcementD. evaluation正确答案是51. Beryl hardly ever goes to _____ the cinema.A. neither the theatre orB. either the theatre norC. neither the theatre norD. the theatre or正确答案是52. Beside being expensive, the food tastes _____.A. badlyB. too much badC. too badlyD. bad正确答案是53. Britain's press is unusual _____ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.A. in howB. in whatC. in whichD. in that正确答案是54. By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can _____ the surroundings.A. exploreB. exposeC. exploitD. expand正确答案是55. Cancer is second only _____ heart disease as a cause of death.A. ofB. toC. withD. from正确答案是56. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is _____ loud continuous noise.A. subjected toB. filled withC. associated withD. attached to正确答案是57. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ______ directed.A. likeB. soC. whichD. as正确答案是58. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ______ produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction正确答案是59. Charles can't go to work today because he _____ a cold.A. hasB. feelsC. takesD. thinks正确答案是60. Charles has not the least ______ of giving up his research.A. intentionB. decisionC. ideaD. hope正确答案是61. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach the East _____ on his belief that the earth was round.A. existedB. satC. relaxedD. rested正确答案是62. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _____ movie could not hold our attention.A. three-hoursB. three-hourC. three-hours'D. three-hour's正确答案是63. Difficulties can _____ a person's best qualities.A. bring upB. bring outC. bring aboutD. bring to正确答案是64. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn't work.A. fall onB. fall down onC. fall back onD. fall in upon正确答案是65. Does brain power _____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.A. descendB. declineC. deduceD. collapse正确答案是66. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after正确答案是67. Don't worry. The company will _____ all your expense.A. satisfyB. meetC. payD. submit正确答案是68. Eventually, people spread throughout the continent, ______ the entire species.A. wiping outB. wiping awayC. wiping offD. wiping up正确答案是69. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ______ healthy.A. preserveB. stayC. maintainD. reserve正确答案是70. Faced with the ______ difficulties, they are determined to carry on their program.A. satisfactoryB. attributableC. innocentD. intangible正确答案是71. Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ______ the same company.A. all elseB. much worseC. let aloneD. less likely正确答案是72. Flying in an airplane was once thought to be an impossible ______.A. taskB. professionC. promiseD. contest正确答案是73. Fresh vegetables are straight from the ______ and raw vegetables are ______.A. earth...cookedB. soil...uncookedC. floor...cookedD. ground...uncooked正确答案是74. From this material we can _____ hundreds of what you may call direct products.A. deriveB. discernC. diminishD. displace正确答案是/74_)75. Fruit is cheapest _____ season.A. atB. onC. inD. through正确答案是76. Fruit pickers are paid at the _____ of '4.00 an hour.A. rateB. scaleC. sumD. value正确答案是77. Fumes from the exhaust of an automobile are ______.A. notoriousB. anxiousC. noxiousD. delicious正确答案是78. George wasn't in class today, Professor Brown excused him ______.A. from attendingB. of attendingC. to attendD. attending正确答案是79. Class will _____ at a high temperature and will be in a liquid condition.A. dissolveB. disappearC. meltD. evaporate正确答案是80. Hamlet _____ his father's death on his uncle.A. reversedB. revertedC. revengedD. revealed正确答案是81. He _____ tennis every day since he ______ sixteen.A. has played... isB. played... has beenC. was playing...has beenD. has been playing...was正确答案是82. He appeared _____ with our team's performance.A. satisfyingB. to be satisfyingC. to satisfyD. satisfied正确答案是83. He believed that the greatest of his _____ was that he'd never had a college education.A. grievesB. misfortunesC. disastersD. sorrows正确答案是84. He delivered _____ orders for a Chinese restaurant for the whole summer vacation so as to earn enough money for his tuition.A. takeoffB. takeoverC. takeupD. takeout正确答案是85. He does not _____ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.A. equalB. matchC. qualifyD. fit正确答案是86. He finished _____ in the 1,500-meter run.A. championB. championshipC. firstD. No. one正确答案是87. He has been asked to account _____ his absence.A. forB. onC. ofD. about正确答案是88. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _____ on what he promises.A. faithB. beliefC. creditD. reliance正确答案是89. He is _____ the run from the police.A. inB. offC. onD. after正确答案是90. He is an artist with seemingly unlimited _____. A. creativityB. creatureC. creationD. creative正确答案是91. He knows the rules but does not know how to ______ it.A. controlB. directC. applyD. run正确答案是92. He made a ____ inspection of the doors and the windows before leaving.A. slowlyB. leisurelyC. carefullyD. seriously正确答案是93. He made such a _____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new building after him.A. genuineB. minimumC. modestD. generous正确答案是94. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be here正确答案是95. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more than _____.A. he was in good healthB. his health was goodC. his good health wasD. was good for his health正确答案是96. He pointed out that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued to improve.A. remoteB. municipalC. ruralD. provincial正确答案是97. He said nothing at all, but his eyes spoke _____ him.A. forB. upC. outD. against正确答案是98. He took me _____ task for not doing it. A. intoB. uponC. toD. on正确答案是99. He used examples to _____ his argument.A. strengthenB. increaseC. fixD. underline正确答案是100. He was here _____ the stroke.A. inB. onC. withD. to正确答案是答案：1.C2. D3. B4. A5. C6. C7. D8. A9. B10. B11. B12. D13. C14. A15. A16. D17. A18. B 19. A20. A21. B22. C23. D24. D25. B26. C27. C28. D29. D30. B31. C32. A33. A34. B35. A36. C37. C38. A39. D40. A41. B42. B43. A44. A45. C46. B47. C48. A49. B50. B51. C52. D53. D54. A55. B56. A57. D58. A59. A60. A61. D62. B63. B64. C65. B66. A67. B68. A69. B 70. D71. C72. B73. B75. A76. C77. A78. C79. A80. C81. C82. D83. D84. B85. D86. C87. C88. A89. D90. C91. A92. C93. B94. D95. A96. D97. C98. A99. C100. A。

1,formaldehyde [fɔ:'mældihaid]n. 蚁醛，[有化] 甲醛2, benzene ['benzi:n] n. [有化] 苯3, toluene ['tɔljui:n] n. [有化] 甲苯4, xylene ['zaili:n] n. [有化] 二甲苯5,ethylbenzene[,eθil'benzi:n,-ben'zi:n]n. [有化] 乙苯6, styrene ['stairi:n, 'sti-]n. [有化] 苯乙烯，苏合香烯7,acetaldehyde[,æsi'tældihaid]n. [有化] 乙醛；醋醛8, acrolein [ə'krəuliin]n. [有化] 丙烯醛9, rubber ['rʌbə]n. 橡胶；橡皮；合成橡胶；按摩师adj. 橡胶制成的vt. 涂橡胶于；用橡胶制造vi. 扭转脖子看；好奇地引颈而望10, solvent ['sɔlvənt, 'sɔ:l-]n. 溶剂；解决方法adj. 有偿付能力的；有溶解力的11, bonding agent【化学】；黏合剂12, lawsuit ['lɔ:sju:t] n. 诉讼（尤指非刑事案件）；诉讼案件13, odor ['əudə]n. 气味；名声14, volatile ['vɔlətail] n. 挥发物；有翅的动物adj. [化学] 挥发性的；不稳定的；爆炸性的；反覆无常的15, notoriety [,nəutə'raiəti]n. 恶名；丑名；声名狼藉16, peime17,bulletproof['bulitpru:f]adj. 防弹的18, riot ['raiət]n. 暴乱；放纵；蔓延vi. 骚乱；放荡vt. 浪费，挥霍riot: 球场骚乱 | 暴动 |防暴19, undesirable [,ʌndi'zaiərəbl]n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的20, commoditiesn. 商品（commodity的复数）；日用品；商品期货export commodities 出口商品 small commodities n.小商品price ofcommodities 商品价格；物价 n.商品（commodity的复数）；日用品；商品期货21, responsible [ri'spɔnsəbl]adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的22, multinationalsn. 跨国公司（multinational的复数）23, showcasedshowcased: 被陈列的24, implement ['implimənt, 'impliment]n. 工具，器具；手段vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效25, gigabytesn. 千兆字节（gigabyte的复数）；十亿位元组26, get approvalget approval: 得到批准27, unprecedented [,ʌn'presidəntid]adj. 空前的；无前例的28, consensus [kən'sensəs]n. 一致；舆论；合意29, quantum ['kwɔntəm]n. 量子论；额；美国昆腾公司（世界领先的硬盘生产商）Quantum: 昆腾| 量子|数额30, surpass [sə'pɑ:s,-'pæs]vt. 超越；胜过，优于；非…所能办到或理解31, initiative [i'niʃiətiv, -ʃətiv]n. 主动权；首创精神adj. 主动的；自发的；起始的32, sponsored ['spɔnsəd]v. 赞助（sponsor的过去分词）；发起adj. 赞助的；发起的33, exert [iɡ'zə:t]vt. 运用，发挥；施以影响34, municipality[mju:,nisi'pæləti]n. 市民；市政当局；自治市或区35, tainted ['teintid]adj. 污染的；感染的36, far-reaching['fɑ:'ri:tʃiŋ]adj. 深远的；广泛的；伸至远处的37, refer to as把…称作…38, consecutive [kən'sekjutiv]adj. 连贯的；连续不断的39, subsidy ['sʌbsidi] n. 补贴；津贴；补助金40, subsidize ['sʌbsidaiz]vt. 资助；给与奖助金；向…行贿41, scarce [skεəs] adj. 缺乏的，不足的；稀有的adv. 仅仅；几乎不；几乎没有42, option ['ɔpʃən]n. [计] 选项；选择权；买卖的特权43, storage ['stɔridʒ] n. 存储；仓库；贮藏所44, annoyance [ə'nɔiəns]n. 烦恼；可厌之事；打扰45, shaftn. 拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物vt. 利用；在……上装杆46, bulb [bʌlb]n. 电灯泡；鳞茎；球状物vi. 生球茎；膨胀成球状47, keratin ['kerətin] n. [生化] 角蛋白；角素，角质48, anagenn. 生长期，毛发生长初期49, telogen ['teləudʒən]n. 调聚剂；静止期50, thyroid ['θairɔid] n. 甲状腺；甲状软骨；甲状腺剂adj. 甲状腺的；盾状的51, folliclesn. 淋巴结，小囊（follicle复数）52, pattern Baldnesspattern Baldness: 秃发及男性秃发53, baldness ['bɔ:ldnis]n. 光秃；率直；枯燥54, autoimmune disease[内科] 自身免疫病；自体免疫疾病55, scalp [skælp]n. 头皮；战利品vt. 剥头皮vi. 剥头皮56, alopecia areata[,æri'eitə][皮肤] 斑秃，[皮肤] 斑形脱发；局限性脱发57, finalist ['fainəlist]n. 参加决赛的选手58, autoimmune [,ɔ:təui'mju:n]adj. 自身免疫的；自体免疫的59, mourn [mɔ:n, məun]v. 哀悼；忧伤；服丧60, stick out突出；坚持；醒目61, Fukushima DaiichiFukushima Daiichi: 福岛第一核电站 | 福岛第一核电厂 | 福岛第一62, priority [prai'ɔrəti]n. 优先；优先权；[数] 优先次序；优先考虑的事63, eliminate[i'limineit]vt. 消除；排除64, coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dinit, kəu'ɔ:dineit]n. 坐标；同等的人或物vt. 调整；整合adj. 并列的；同等的vi. 协调65, nominatedv. 提名；任命（nominate的过去分词）adj. 被提名的；被任命的66, traumatic [trɔ:'mætik, trau-]n. 外伤药adj. 外伤的；创伤的67, poach [pəutʃ]vt. 水煮；偷猎；窃取；把…踏成泥浆vi. 偷猎；侵犯；剽窃68, scatter ['skætə]n. 分散；散播，撒播vt. 使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播vi. 分散，散开；散射69, utilize['ju:tilaiz]vt. 利用70, auspice ['ɔ:spis]n. 赞助，主办；吉兆71, fuel ['fjuəl]n. 燃料；刺激因素vt. 供以燃料，加燃料vi. 得到燃料72, similarity[,simi'læriti]n. 类似；相似点73, surgical ['sə:dʒikəl]adj. 外科的；手术上的n. 外科手术；外科病房74, recipient [ri'sipiənt]n. 容器，接受者；容纳者adj. 容易接受的，感受性强的75, montage [mɔn'tɑ:ʒ]n. 蒙太奇（电影的基本结构手段和叙事方式）；混合画，拼集的照片montage: 剪辑| 蒙太奇| 剪辑画面76, activism ['æktivizəm]n. 行动主义；激进主义77, interstellar [,intə'stelə]adj. [航][天] 星际的。