郡维模拟试卷二--(含答案详解

英语（二）模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America.The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week.Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 .The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y.The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise10. [A] despite [B] given [C] although [D] hence11. [A] unveiled [B] discovered [C] exposed [D] revealed12. [A] violated [B] assaulted [C] resisted [D] betrayed13. [A] informed [B] entrust [C] imparted [D] confided14. [A] available [B] retrievable [C] reversible [D] inaccessible15. [A] constitute [B] correspond [C] confirm [D] conceive16. [A] involves [B] strikes [C] embarrasses [D] attacks17. [A] turn down [B] cut down [C] play down [D] bring down18. [A] overshadowing [B] overlooking [C] overtaking [D] overthrowing19. [A] expert [B] external [C] formal [D] automatic20. [A] and [B] but [C] thus [D] despiteSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections :Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)Text 1Most American movies are produced in Hollywood, California. Hollywood, which is actually not a separate city but a part of Los Angeles, is an ideal spot for the movie industry. The sun shines most of the time, and the climate is mild. Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours’ drive.Hollywood becomes the center of national attention one evening a year－Academy Award night. At the Academy Award presentation held each spring, statuettes called Oscars are given to film industry winners in dozens of categories, including best actor, best actress, and best picture. The winners are chosen by members of the industry before the ceremony, but their names are kept secret until presentation night, when they are announced in a long, nationally televised program.Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II, when television captured much of the movie audience. Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offered much the same type of entertainment as television does. With free entertainment in their homes, many Americans simply stopped going to movies. Between 1946 and 1956, movie attendance was cut in half. At the same time, production costs zoomed. The movie industry was in trouble.The industry adjusted itself in a number of ways. Movie companies rented sound stages to TV companies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmed many of them overseas. To lure audiences, the industry invested in new lenses, wider screens, and stereophonic sound. Studios also began producing kinds of entertainment that could not be offered by TV-films with controversial or shocking themes, films with huge casts and lavish settings. As a result of these changes, today the American motion picture industry is thriving.21.What makes Hollywood a great place for American movie industry according to the passage?[A] A famous part of Los Angeles[B] Favorable natural and traffic conditions[C] Natural scenery with mild climate and the shining sun[D] A great industrial base of American22.Which one about Oscars is correct according to the passage?[A] It is the name of a great film figure[B] It is given to World Academy Award in America each year[C] It is a yearly honor to winners in movie industry[D] It doesn’t produce until Academy Award night in each spring23.Why did many Americans like entertaining in homes instead of going to cinema after World War II?[A] Because the quality of film was becoming worse and worse[B] Because Hollywood movies couldn’t offer entertainment similar to television[C] Because the movie industry was in trouble for expensive production cost[D] Because TV’s popularity made them enjoy without paying24.What does the word “zoomed” (in the last sentence of the third paragraph) mean?[A] Moved along very quickly[B] Rose upward into the air[C] Increased high in price[D] Moved with a low humming noise25.The movie industry tried many methods to lure audiences except__________.[A] building commercial relationship with TV companies[B] improving its basic equipment[C] producing films with famous stars in low cost[D] offering types of entertainment different from TVText2The Arctic Ocean has given up tens of thousands more square kilometers of ice in a relentless summer of melt, with scientists watching through satellite eyes for a possible record low polar ice cap.From the barren Arctic shore of a village in Canada’s far northwest, veteran observer Eddie Gruben has seen the summer ice retreating more each decade as the world has warmed. By this weekend the ice edge lay 128 kilometers at sea, but forty years ago, it was 64 kilometers out. Global average temperatures rose 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, but Arctic temperatures rose twice as much or even faster, almost certainly in large part because of manmade greenhouse gases, researchers say. In late July the mercury soared to almost 86 degrees Fahrenheit in this settlement of 900 Arctic Eskimos.As of Thursday, the U.S. National Snow and Ice Date Center reported, the polar ice cap extended over 6.75 million square kilometers after having shrunk an average 106,000 square kilometers a day in July—equivalent to one Indiana or three Belgiums daily. The rate of melt was similar to that of July 2007, the year when the ice cap dwindled to a record minimum extent of 4.3 million square kilometers in September. In its latest analysis, NSIDC said Arctic atmospheric conditions this summer have been similar to those of the summer of 2007, including a high-pressure ridge that produced clear skies and strong melt in the Beaufort Sea, the arm of the Arctic Ocean off northern Alaska and northwestern Canada.Scientists say the makeup of the frozen polar sea has shifted significantly the past few years,as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctic’s dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and summer. The past few years have “signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate,” Meier said. Ironically, the summer melts since 2007 appear to have allowed disintegrating but still thick multiyear ice to drift this year into the relatively narrow channels of the Northwest Passage. Usually, impassable channels had been relatively ice-free the past two summers.Observation satellites’remote sensors will tell researchers in September whether the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record. Then the sun will begin to slip below the horizon for several months, and temperatures plunging in the polar darkness will freeze the surface of the sea again, leaving this and other Arctic coastlines in the grip of ice. Most of the sea ice will be new, thinner and weaker annual formations, however.At a global conference last March in Copenhagen, scientists declared that climate change is occurring faster than had been anticipated, citing the fast-dying Arctic cap as one example. A month later, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted Arctic summers could be almost ice-free within 30 years, not at the century’s end earlier predicted.26.The word “retreating” (Line2, Paragraph2) most probably means________.[A] withdrawing [B] moving back[C] melting [D] treating again27.We may infer from Paragraph 2 and 3 that____________.[A] rising Arctic temperatures result completely from manmade greenhouse gases[B] the summer ice edge was 192 kilometers at sea 40 years ago[C] the polar ice cap was over 6.87million square kilometers in July[D] the ice cap reduced to a record low minimum extent in July28.We may know that summer melts made____________.[A] some impassable channels covered by ice[B] no contribution to the makeup change of polar ice[C] thin ice become multiyear ice[D] the world climate change its character29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that____________.[A] scientists predicted future climate changes accurately[B] the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record[C] the future ice may be annually formed thinness[D] Arctic summers couldn’t be ice-free until next century30.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] Arctic ice lowers to its smallest size[B] Arctic ice disappears under summer sun[C] Why Arctic ice disappears soon[D] Arctic ice closely relates to climate changesText3The classic American identity theft scam works like this: the thief convinces some bank or credit card company he’s actually you and borrows God knows how many dollars in your name. Once you discover and report this, you’re not liable for money the bank lost, but neither are you entitled to compensation for the time and effort you spend straightening the matter out. Bear inmind that when I say “the thief convinces the bank he’s you”, I’m not talking about a brilliant actor and master of disguise who imitates your voice and mannerisms well enough to fool your own mother. No, all that’s necessary to fool a bank is your birth date and US social security number, or just discarded credit card offer taken from your bin.Why are lenders so careless with their money? The snarky answer is: because they know taxpayers will bail them out. But identity theft was a problem in America long before phrases like “too big to fail” entered our vocabulary. I became an identity-theft statistic nine years ago, when I opened my mail to find a bill for a maxed- out credit card I never knew I had. I spent over two weeks cleaning the mess: filing police reports, calling the company, sitting on hold, getting disconnected and calling back to sit on hold again. Considering my salary back then, I spent over a thousand dollars’ worth of my time and wasn't entitled to a penny in damages.It all could easily have been avoided, had the company made a minimal effort to ensure they were loaning money to me rather than my dishonest doppelganger. So why didn't they? Because that would take time -at least a day or two. And if people had to wait a day between applying for and receiving credit, on-the-spot loans would be impossible. Every major retail chain in America pushes these offers: “Apply for a store credit card and receive 15% off your first purchase!” From the lenders’ perspective, writing off a few bad ID-theft debts is cheaper than losing the lucrative “impulse buyer” market.But that would change if companies had to pay damages to identity theft victims. Should they have to? The supreme court of the state of Maine is currently pondering that question. In March 2008 the Hannaford supermarket chain announced that hackers broke into their database and stole the credit card information of over 4 million customers, some of whom sued Hannaford for damages. None of the customers lost money, of course, but they felt-as I did-that their time and effort are worth something too.It’s too early to know how the court will rule, but I’ll make a prediction anyway: nothing will ch ange from the consumers’ perspective, and protecting lenders from their own bad habits will continue to be our unpaid job. When the worldwide economic meltdown started, I naively thought the subsequent tightening of credit lines would at least make identity theft less of a problem than before. But I was just being silly.31.After suffering from identity theft, you_____________.[A] should pay for money the bank lost[B] are required to report to your bank immediately[C] have to assume the cost of getting your identity back[D] won’t have to take any loss caused by it32.What’s the real meaning of “too big to fail” in para. 2?[A] Leaders are so big that they couldn’t fail at all.[B] Leaders won’t pay for their loaning carelessness.[C] Leaders are big enough to pay for any large loans.[D] America is big enough to solve any problems.33. The 3rd paragraph mainly talks about___________.[A] Why companies take efforts to avoid identity theft[B] The reason of companies’ effortlessness to help avoid identity theft[C] The reason of taking time to solve the problem of identity theft[D] The cause of companies offering on-the-spot loans34. The example in the 4th paragraph is cited to show that________.[A] Companies have paid for damages to identity theft victims[B] Customers often suffer from identity theft in America[C]Companies should be responsible for identity theft[D]Companies often suffer from identity theft in America35. What’s the author’s attitude to current solutions to identity theft?[A] Disappointed [B] Confident[C] Complicated [D] OptimisticText4Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.That does not mean that Americans are getting the world's best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice have been compiling the “Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care”, using Medicare data to compare health-spending patterns in different regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades' experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possible—and not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope.But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someone's life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.Dr Byock's writing style is not everybody's cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.36. According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from[A] Americans' failure to admit death as part of their life[B] doctors' inclination to overtreat the patient[C] a culture that is obsessed with youth and health[D] a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients37. The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical practice to illustrate that[A] the medical care quality differs widely from region to region[B] there is little that hospitals can do in saving people's lives[C] a lot of medical resources are wasted[D] the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness38. The central idea of Ira Byock's book is to appeal to the hospital to[A] save every life with every possible means[B] help people to die if that is his/her will[C] make people feel comfortable in their remaining hours[D] consider whether the cure is worthwhile before conducting it39. In the author's opinion the example of the HIV-positive young man in Paragraph 5[A] eliminates the possibility of applying gentle dying process in medicare[B] is merely an extreme case that should not be taken as a standard[C] emphasizes the importance of aggressive treatment even with slim hope[D] is used as an irony of the current state of American medical system40. According to the author, the American government will the proposal of gentle dying[A] disapprove of [B] divide at[C] hesitate at [D] side withPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Convincing evidence: US is losing its appeal in the eyes of multinationals[B] Biggest hindrance: US divided political system[C] American future: stuck in the middle[D] Overstated statement: US overall competitiveness is declining[E] V oice of experts: pessimism pervades academic world[F] Economic outlook: bad but not desperate[G] Undisputed fact: US is losing its economic edge41.Is America fading? America has been gripped by worries about decline before, notably in the 1970s, only to roar back. But this time it may be serious. There is little doubt that other countries are catching up. Between 1999 and 2009 America’s share of world exports fell in almost every industry: by 36 percentage points in aerospace, nine in information technology, eight in communications equipment and three in cars. Private-sector job growth has slowed dramatically,and come to a halt in industries that are exposed to global competition. Median annual income grew by an anemic 2% between 1990 and 2010.42.The March issue of the Harvard Business Review is devoted to “American competitiveness”. The Review reports that declinism is prevalent among HBS alumni: in a survey, 71% said that American competitiveness would decline in the coming years.43.America is losing out in the race to attract good jobs. Matthew Slaughter of Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business points out that multinational firms increased employment in America by 24% in the 1990s. But since then they have been cutting back on jobs in America. They have moved dull repetitive tasks abroad, and even some sophisticated ones, too. The proportion of the employees of American multinationals who work for subsidiaries abroad rose from 21.4% in 1989 to 32.3% in 2009. The share of research-and-development spending going to foreign subsidiaries rose from 9% in 1989 to 15.6% in 2009; that of capital investment rose from 21.8% in 1999 to 29.6% in 2009.44.America’s politic al system comes in for particularly harsh criticism: 60% of HBS alumni said that it was worse than those in other advanced countries. David Moss of HBS argues that such complaints are nothing new: American politicians have been squabbling about the role of government ever since Thomas Jefferson butted heads with Alexander Hamilton. But in the past this often led to fruitful compromises. But such compromises are rarer these days. Republicans and Democrats are more ideologically divided, and less inclined to make pragmatic concessions.45.For all this gloom, the Review’s gurus argue that, as Bill Clinton said in his first inaugural address, there is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. The country has huge strengths, from its world-beating universities to its tolerance of risk-taking. It has a highly diverse market: firms that seek cheap labour can move to Mississippi, where wages are a third lower than those in Massachusetts. Rosabeth Moss Kanter of HBS points to the extraordinary amount of innovation that is going on not just in Silicon Valley but across the country.Yet it is difficult to read this collection of essays without a sense of foreboding. The one thing that worries the HBS alumni more than anything else—the state of American politics—is the most difficult to fix. The political pendulum swings unpredictably, making it hard to plan for the future. Should companies assume that they will have to abide by Mr Obama’s health-care law when it comes into effect in 2014, or will the Republicans have repealed it by then? No one knows.Section III Translation46. Direction:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is senior citizen discount.Anyone who has reached a certain age is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Practically unheard of a generation ago, thediscounts have become a routine part of many businesses- as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. Perhaps the practice once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population.To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:John, one of your friends, failed in the last CET-6 and is upset. Write a letter to him to1) express your pity, point out the reason for his failure,2) encourage him, and suggest a better way to prepare the exam.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEETDo not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:In this section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following table,in which you should1)describe the table,2)state your opinions drawn from it.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Section I Use of English1 - 5 BDBAB 6 - 10 CCBCD11-15 AACDA 16-20 CCABBSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 B C D C C 26-30 C B A C B31-35 C B B C A 36-40 A C C B DPart B41-45 GEABFSection III Translation在美国，年龄就是特权，其中比较突出的一项就是老年折扣。

考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（16）(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful__1__is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is__2__. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, __3__ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, __4__ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied __5__ wire umbilici.It is tempting to__6__a "strategy" to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.__7__, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, __8__experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful.Tech__9__occurs through actively-learnt responses, or "operant conditioning" as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a__10__cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is__11__with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails."Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we__12__look at our phone, seeking rewards?" asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement__13__an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile __14__ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been__15__by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.__16__, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to__17__sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can__18__the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this__19__, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it__20__to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.第1题A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event第2题A.strikingB.obscureC.interestingD.mysterious第3题A.relyingC.grabbinging第4题A.taking overB.feeding onC.catching upD.allowing for 第5题A.withB.overC.toD.via第6题A.pointB.turnC.attributeD.prefer第7题A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise 第8题A.whichB.asC.thatD.where第9题A.progressB.termC.crisisD.addiction 第10题A.dangerousB.specialrgeD.funny第11题A.rewardedB.resistedC.resumedD.reversed第12题B.occasionallyC.happilyD.endlessly第13题A.withinB.fromC.aboutD.through第14题A.supportB.approveC.argueD.insist第15题A.formedB.seperatedC.classifiedD.modified第16题A.SurprisinglyB.ImportantlyC.FortunatelyD.Regrettably 第17题pensateB.helpfortD.improve第18题A.shareB.obtainC.subscribeD.observe第19题A.partB.senseC.levelD.way第20题A.adaptiveB.carefulC.similarD.captive下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.New science reveals how your brain is hard-wired when it comes to spending—and how you can reboot it.The choice to spend rather than save reflects a very human—and, some would say, American—quirk: a preference for immediate gratification over future gains. In other words, we get far more joy from buying a new pair of shoes today, or a Caribbean vacation, or an iPhone 4S, than from imagining a comfortable life tomorrow. Throw in an instant-access culture—in which we can get answers on the Internet within seconds, have a coffeepot delivered to our door overnight, and watch movies on demand—and we´re not exactly training the next generation to delay gratification. "Pleasure now is worth more to us than pleasure later," says economist William Dickens of Northeastern University, "We much prefer current consumption to future consumption. It may even be wired into us. "As brain Scientists plumb the neurology of an afternoon at the mall, they are discovering measurable differences between the brains of people who save and those who spend with abandon, particularly in areas of the brain that predict consequences, process the sense of reward, spur motivation, and control memory. In fact, neuroscientists are mapping the brain´s saving and spending circuits so precisely that they have been able to stir up the saving and disable the spending in some people. The result: people´s preferences switch from spending like a drunken sailor to saving like a child of the Depression. All told, the gray matter responsible for some of our most crucial decisions is finally revealing its secrets.Psychologists and behavioral economists, meanwhile, are identifying the personality types and other traits that distinguish savers from spenders, showing that people who aren´t good savers are neither stupid nor irrational—but often simply don´t accurately foresee the consequences of not saving. Rewire the brain to find pleasure in future rewards, and you´re on the path to a future you really want.In one experiment, neuroeconomist Paul Glimcher of New York University wanted to see what it would take for people to willingly delay gratification. He gave a dozen volunteers a choice: $ 20 now or more money, from $ 20.25 to $ 110, later. On one end of the spectrum was the person who agreed to take $21 in a month—to essentially wait a month in order to gain just $ 1. In economics-speak, this kind of person has a "flat discount function", meaning he values tomorrow almost as much as today and is therefore able to delay gratification. At the other end was someone who was willing to wait a month only if he got $ 68, a premium of $48 from the original offer. This is someone economists call a "steep discounter", meaning the value he puts on the future (and having money then) is dramatically less than the value he places on today; when he wants something, he wants it now.第21题When it comes to spending, new evidence shows that it______.A.is a difficult habit to explainB.can be stopped and restartedC.is a difficult mental decisionD.is an inherent disposition第22题When brain scientists "plumb the neurology of an afternoon at the mail", they______.A.spend a whole afternoon watching shoppers going roundB.interview shoppers to ask them embarrassing questionsC.measure the brain activity of people engaged in shoppingD.study current consumption rather than future consumption第23题The scientists studying spending habits______.A.can change people´s buying habits by making them drunk like sailorsB.are still at a loss about what causes some people to save or spendC.can change those who spend with abandon into those who saveD.can predict whether people spend or save by controlling people´s memory第24题If you are rewarded for saving, you are likely to______.A.abandon unnecessary purchasesB.demand more rewardsC.become irrational and stupidD.care less about the consequences第25题Neuroeconomist Paul Glimcher wants to find out______.A.whether people agree to delay a bigger gratificationB.what makes people postpone satisfactionC.how steep discounters gratify themselvesD.what creates the flat discount function上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1."Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?" Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.I´ve been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakaria´s smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well.First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. "A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy," says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skills— excellence at communicating and working with people—with technical skills.My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also by first-rate humanism. When the President´s Council on Bioethics issued its report in 2002, "Human Cloning and Human Dignity," it depends upon the humanities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values.Third, wherever our careers lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with those around us, and there´s some evidence that literature nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine published five studies indicating that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popular fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human nature that help us decode the world around us and be better friends. Literature also builds bridges of understanding.In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.第26题What is implied in the first paragraph?A.Parents may encourage their children to major in anthropology.B.The humanities in Harvard are not popular among parents and students.C.The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.D.Rick Scott may think anthropologists aren´t key interests of the state.第27题Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts______.A.are enough for you to succeedB.can enrich your wallets in economyC.achieve balance between communicating value and soft skillsD.maximize your potential when coupled with technical skills第28题Which of the following cannot be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?A.Should Youtube change its web page?B.Where should Facebook set its privacy?C.How should Google handle sex and violence articles?D.Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terrorists?第29题According to the Science magazine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonflction______.A.evaluate the work more difficultyB.decode the emotional state poorlyC.have richer emotional intelligenceD.recognize the portrait more easily第30题On the whole, the reasons that the humanities enrich our spiritual life include all the following EXCEPT______.A.they are useful for improving emotional intelligenceB.they are essential to the wise decisions of an organizationC.they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour forceD.they benefit students in communications and interpersonal skills上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination.Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow´s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander.Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous. Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people.A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites´ fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.Two principles—don´t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots(because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century´s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.第31题The second sentence implies that management thinkers should_____.A.turn robots into superheroes and supervillainsB.give robots names such as the TerminatorC.ponder more about homo-robo relationsD.create more robots with super power第32题Which of the following statements is true about robots?A.They will be free and colliding with people and machines.B.They deliver information by acting like a human being.C.Their eyesight is becoming closer to men´ s.D.They will do sophisticated jobs.第33题The word "ubiquitous"(Para. 3)probably means______.A.numerousB.pervasiveC.intelligentplicated第34题To deal with the second problem, companies may not_____.A.show employees that the robot sitting alongside them is a complete helpmateB.explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich worldC.persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancersD.tell workers that robots are not just job-eating aliens第35题From the passage we can see that the author thinks homo-robo relations_____.A.are intrusiveB.render worriesC.become sentientD.require specifications上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people´s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they´re meant to encourage.A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments". The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don´t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruisticthan in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we´re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.This does not mean it´s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.第36题From the first two paragraphs, we know that______.A.economic incentives actually discourage people to behave wellB.economists didn´t agree with Titmuss for the lack of empirical evidenceC.economists now prompt businesses to note down Titmuss´s claimanizational and social progresses depend on economic incentives第37题According to experimental economists,______.A.a decreasing number of people donate blood for charityB.more money is offered, fewer people donate bloodC.economic incentives clash with "the moral sentiments"D.economic incentives may run in the opposite direction第38题It can be known from the text that incentives are characterized as______.A.implicativeB.effectiveC.manipulatingD.counterproductive第39题The small tax on plastic grocery bags in Ireland is mentioned to show that______.A.incentives can harness egoism and inspire altruismB.Ireland is determined to eliminate plastic pollutionC.monetary punishments usually have moral implicationsD.incentive policies by the government are more effective第40题What is the message the author intends to convey?A.Money is not everything; instead, there is always something else.B.Incentives have more negative influences than positive ones.C.Incentives may go wrong when they clash with "the moral sentiments".D.Businesses might as well put economic incentives to fuller play.上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections :Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Canada´s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce healthcare costs.They´re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which is pharmaceutical costs.According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.But "national" doesn´t have to mean that. "National" could mean interprovincial—provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn´t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That´s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn´t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.图片第41题第42题________第43题______第44题_______第45题_______上一题下一题(1/1)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)第46题Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week—instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work.Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions—enabling employees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US. ____________上一题下一题(1/1)Section WritingPart A第47题Write an email of about 100 words to relevant departments to give some advice on how to live a low-carbon life.You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points) ___________上一题下一题(1/1)Part B第48题Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)图片_______________上一题交卷交卷答题卡(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful__1__is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is__2__. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, __3__ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, __4__ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied __5__ wire umbilici.It is tempting to__6__a "strategy" to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.__7__, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, __8__experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful.Tech__9__occurs through actively-learnt responses, or "operant conditioning" as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a__10__cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is__11__with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails."Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we__12__look at our phone, seeking rewards?" asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement__13__an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile __14__ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been__15__by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.__16__, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to__17__sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can__18__the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this__19__, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it__20__to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.第1题A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：此处意为“在西方国家的政府担忧埃博拉的威胁之际，一种更为常见但远没那么有害的______，正像冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中传播”。

第02卷2024高考语文二轮复习适应性模拟卷（新高考区）（解析版）一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读1（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：中国古窗是一种重要的建筑文化现象，文化与审美意义丰富而强烈。

窗的开设，加强了内外空间的交流，这种交流，是气韵的流动。

人住在四合围墙与由上屋顶、下地坪所构成的封闭空间之内，自然是比较安全的，但人又必须在围墙之内实现与自然界的情感交流，于是，便诞生了精神文化意义丰富的窗。

虽然窗具有一定的通风、采光作用，但这不是人们在墙上开窗的全部文化原因，因为门也具有这同样的实用功能。

为求通风、采光，多开几道门即可达到目的。

问题是，人们在设门之外，又须开窗，因为在文化功能上，门与窗不能互相替代。

二者的区别在于，门主要供人出入，窗却不是。

窗的“高贵”在于视线的通过，它是供人向外眺望的“器具”。

人若长期生活在暗室里面，势必导致身心的极大伤害，所以，窗的开设为的是“透气”。

这种透气可喻之为居室生命的“呼吸”，要加强建筑内外空间气韵的流动，窗这一吐故纳新的“呼吸器官”是不可缺少的。

它在实墙上所形成的虚空，塑造了建筑内外立面虚实相谐的韵律。

窗的文化审美功能，表达了人对自然的依恋与回归。

人站在旷野之中欣赏自然，与站在室内通过窗户眺望外界景观，所激起的类感不尽相同。

前者的审美机制，是人的身心与大自然融为一体，有一种人消融于自然，使人“合”于“天”（自然）的美好感受。

然而，由于人在欣赏大自然时无所庇护，在潜意识层次上，可能难于排除自然信息所添加的压力和紧张感。

在室内通过窗户远眺大自然，此时人的身心处于建筑物的庇护之中，在潜意识上免除了上述不自在的因素，使之化作一种令人宽松自如、从容不迫的心理感受。

窗户，是一种人工对大自然和空间的“剪裁”，它使人对自然景观的欣赏显得更“艺术”，更有选择，具有天人合一的另一番妙趣。

另外在审美上，不仅通过窗户对大自然进行观赏有一种特殊的美的享受，花窗之类的造型，即具有很高的审美价值。

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟考试（二）英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解The number of passengers varies among airports, with some airports serving tens of millions of passengers. Interestingly, some of the busiest airports in the country are not necessarily the biggest by surface area.Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL)Atlanta Airport has been the world's busiest airport since 1998. Approximately 104 million people traveled through it in 2019, 20 million passengers more than the second busiest airport. ATL is located 11 kilometers away from Atlanta and named after Maynard Jackson and William Hartsfield, Atlanta's two former mayors.Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW)DFW Airport is located between Dallas and Fort Worth, covering 69.63 square kilometers. In 2019, the airport served 75 million passengers, the most in its 45 years of existence. It has service to over 250 destinations, the majority being domestic destinations within the country. The airport has its fire protection unit, zip code, police, and emergency services.McCarran International Airport (LAS)Located approximately 8 kilometers south of Las Vegas, it occupies 11.3 square kilometers. It was constructed in 1942 and opened to flights in 1948. LAS is now the 9th busiest airport in the US, serving over 51 million passengers in 2019. Initially, the runways were made of asphalt(沥青), but are now made of concrete.Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT)CLT Airport was opened in 1935 as Charlotte Municipal Airport. 19 years later, it was renamed after Ben Elbert Douglas, Charlotte's mayor, when the airport was expanded. The present name was given to the airport in 1982. CLT is located about 10 kilometers from Charlotte and is an airport for military and commercial use.1、Which is the best airport to go to for people who need immediate help？A. ATL.B. DFW.C. LAS.D. CLT.2、What's mentioned about LAS？A. Its present runways have been upgraded.B. It took six years to prepare for construction.C. Its original asphalt runways caused the accident.D. It received the most passengers in the world in 2019.3、What do ATL and CLT have in common？A. They are for commercial purpose only.B. They are the world's busiest airports.C. They are related to people's names.D. They were built by former mayors.If someone had told me five years ago that I would be living happily ever after on a small farm in western Oklahoma, I would have immediately denied the possibility. Back then, I was a confirmed city girl. I enjoyed the city life.Then one day, while we were checking my mother's farm for her, I looked around, liked what I saw and asked my husband, “Why don't we build a house here on the farm?”To my surprise, he said, “Yes!”And so we began a new and very different chapter in our life story. My husband and I set out to deal with the land. We took down dead trees, knocked down the outbuildings and planted vegetable and flower gardens. We learned new skills as we worked and provided the locals with humorous moments as they answered our questions. We built a home to welcome family and friends, to share the beauty and bounty of the land.We soon realized the land had played a joke on us: it had changed and transformed us in our efforts to change it. We lost weight and gained muscles.We've learned to recognize and honor nature's cycles and timing instead of clocks, calendars, schedules and to-do lists. With only two clocks in the house, we enjoy the flow of days into nights. Our timeless life allows us to appreciate sunrises and sunsets—each a unique event that camera and words only partially capture.Living a simple life in the country has led us back to common sense. We've learned to be resourceful in solving problems and can think of many unique ways. I become better at handling a situation with fewer resources and conveniences.In the quietness of the land, we hear and appreciate nature's music. We also listen to the silence. Walking through the grasses, gazing at the century-old trees and wondering about all the changes and history they have witnessed are relaxing pastimes. I have to be truthful: caring for the land is a joyful job.4、How did her husband react to the author's proposal?A. Opposed.B. Approving.C. Surprised.D. Concerned.5、How did the author benefit from the country life?A. She enjoyed better health.B. She made much money by working.C. She regained the respect from the farmers.D. She improved her relationship with her family.6、What is the author's feeling when living in the country?A. She becomes more creative.B. She becomes more humorous.C. She becomes more honest with others.D. She becomes more interested in travelling.7、What message does the author want to convey?A. Simple life is the most important.B. Country life is better than city life.C. Getting close to nature can be joyful.D. Living in the country is everyone's dream.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, pursuing perfection can have serious consequences to both mental and physical well-being.According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self-critical if they believe they haven't met these standards. Perfectionists are also likely to feel guilt and shame if they experience failures, which often leads them to avoid situations where they are worried they might fail.In one study, researchers looked at a total of 284 studies (with over 57, 000 participants) and found that perfectionism was associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. They also found that people higher in perfectionism (i.e. participants who more strongly identified with perfectionist traits) also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress.In an article published in 2016, researchers looked at how perfectionism and depression were related over time. They found that people higher in perfectionism tended to have increases in depression symptoms, which suggests that perfectionism may be a risk factor for developing depression. In other words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful for their mentalhealth.Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn't mean being less successful. In fact, because mistakes are an important part of learning and growing, embracing imperfection can actually help us in the long run.8、Why does the author describe the scene in the first paragraph？A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To support the author's argument.D. To define a concept.9、Who can be defined as a perfectionist？A. A person who is determined to achieve high goals.B. A person who tends to feel sorry for what he has done.C. A person who blames himself for not being that successful.D. A person who holds high standards for themselves.10、How can perfectionism be harmful？A. It may lower one's mental health.B. It reflects one's psychological level.C. It results in depression immediately.D. It stops one from recovering from depression.11、What will be discussed in the following paragraph？A. A call for not being a perfectionist.B. Another side-effect of perfectionism.C. Why perfectionism is harmful.D. How to avoid perfectionism.Some issues like climate change or the ongoing pandemic(大流行病)are increasingly complex and dynamic. Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking. A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology, Paul O'Keefe, found that having a growth mindset(思维模式) of interest may activate this type of innovation.Professor O'Keefe established in earlier studies that people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest. Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated, while those with a fixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inborn and simply need to be “found”.For example, in one task, research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existing academic Arts or Science programs at theiruniversity. After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that peoplesciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas, like computational chemistry.As Professor O'Keefe pointed out, “This research provides a useful direction for organizations whose products and services call for creative solutions. Take smartphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product. Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to frame innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions.”The benefits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment. This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests and become more adaptable to different fields, and tend to learn new skills.12、What's the author's opinion about the world today？A. It is witnessing various types of innovations.B. It is undergoing great and profound changes.C. It faces more varied and complicated problems.D. It has removed many traditional ways of thinking.13、What can best replace the underlined the word “bridge”？A. Study.B. Plan.C. Choose.D. Connect.14、What does the author want to illustrate with the example of smartphones？A. Hi-tech products can boost people's general thinking.B. Hi-tech products are needed in multi-subject research.C. Improved technology gives birth to highly popular products.D. Making innovative products needs knowledge of many fields.15、What is the author's suggestion to those who are seeking employment？A. Learning practical skills.B. Broadening their interests.C. Staying safe in the pandemic.D. Knowing their pressing issues.二、七选五16、根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 阅读理解阅读理解Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2006, according to the OECD. In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely pruned. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. Just look at the fate of Otis Chandler’s creation. Thanks to family connections, Chandler ended up in control of the Los Angeles Times in 1960. The paper he inherited was parochial and conservative, reflecting the city it served. Chandler abandoned the anti-union dogma and set about building a west-coast rival to the New York Times. His paper was heavy on foreign news and serious, objective reporting. The result was hugely impressive—but not, as it turned out, suited to the internet era. In the past few years the paper has suffered repeated staff cuts. In 2007 it was acquired by a property magnate and in 2008 filed for bankruptcy protection. The problem with such newspapers is that, although they do much that is excellent, they do little that is distinctive enough for people to pay for it. The Los Angeles Times’ foreign reporting is extremely good. But it is hard to argue that it is better than the stuff supplied by the New York Times or foreign papers. Similarly, it has never been clear why each major newspaper needs its own car reviewer a Corolla is a Corolla, whether it is driven in Albuquerque or Atlanta. Papers should concentrate on what they do best, which means, in many cases, local news and sport. If the rest is bought in from wire services or national organizations, readers are unlikely to complain—as long as there is enough competition between those larger providers to keep up standards. Specialization generally means higher quality. It is grim to forecast still more writers losing their jobs. But whether newspapers are thrown onto doorsteps or distributed digitally, they need to deliver something that is distinctive. New technologies like Apple’s iPad only make this more true. The mere acquisition of a smooth block of metal and glass does not magically persuade people that they should start paying for news. They will pay for news if they think it has value. Newspapers need to focus relentlessly on that.1．From Paragraph 1 we learn that American newspapersA．are balanced businesses now.B．are more stable than Japanese ones.C．get most revenues from readers.D．have been heavily relying on ads.正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。

2023届辽宁省丹东市高三二模（总复习质量检测二）语文试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、实用类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

我们常引以为豪的是，中华文明是世界四大古文明中唯一延续至今的伟大文明。

今天我们中国的种族和文化与五千多年前是一脉相承的，而古埃及、古巴比伦、古印度的文明后来都中断过。

人们会发现，四个文明都勃发于北纬30°左右的大河冲积平原，都是依靠栽培旱地粮作的灌溉农业，都创造了文字，都建立了等级制度，都面临着游牧民族的侵袭……大家既然拥有这么多共同点，那为何却有着不同的发展命运？还有古罗马文明，欧亚大陆另一端的发达农业文明，其发源地今天的文化样貌与当初相比已是面目全非。

倘使一个汉代人在一千年后的唐代复活，他仍会感到舒适自在，因为两个朝代从语言、文字、儒家学说、祖先崇拜到国家管理都是相同的。

如果有位公元前1世纪的罗马人于公元1000年的欧洲复活，他一定会惊讶于眼前崭新而奇特的一切。

假若换成是一位唐末的吴越人在一千年后的清末返生，他看到的那个江南依然大同小异，而如果是位欧洲人则会见到天翻地覆的反差，怕是要惊掉下巴。

为何中华文明走上了迥异的演．．．．进道路．．．？众所周知，我们黄河流域早期靠的是粟作，其他三个文明靠麦作。

不过粟作文明与麦作文明．．．．的差别有限，小米常用作煮粥，小麦多用来磨面，况且我们的旱作是同时包含了粟和麦的旱作。

真正的差异在于，我们不是旱作独自在战斗，而是有水稻与之并肩作战。

水稻与旱作这一对好搭档，无论在旱涝还是寒暑上都是强烈互补关系。

在万邦并列的时代，一个小国去攻打另一个小国，不一定是因为有多么大的争霸雄心，可能只是为了夺取山下或对岸的一片与自己不一样的农田，这样就算是原有的田地歉收，还能指望收成较好的另一片。

那个时代，一个国家要长期生存，一个文明要延续不断，就必须同时掌控多种类型的农业区域。

专升本英语（翻译）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.1．刘姥姥又惊又喜，迈步出来，忽见有一副最精致的床帐。

她此时又带了七、八分醉，又走乏了，便一屁股坐在床上，只说歇歇，不承望身不由己，前仰后合的，朦胧着两眼，一歪身就睡熟在床上。

(摘自曹雪芹《红楼梦》)正确答案：In pleased surprise Granny Liu stepped into the next room, where her eye was caught by some exquisite bed-curtains. Being still more than half drunk and tired from the walk, she plumped down on the bed to have a little rest. But her limbs no longer obeyed her. She swayed to and fro, unable to keep her eyes open, then curled up and fell fast asleep. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．必须指出，有些问题还需要澄清。

正确答案：It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified. 涉及知识点：汉译英3．每当听到这首歌时，我就会想起你。

正确答案：Every time hearing this song, I will think of you. 涉及知识点：汉译英4．看来这封信写得很匆忙。

正确答案：It seems that this letter is written in a hurry. 涉及知识点：汉译英5．美国人有许多风俗习惯在陌生人看来是颇费解的。

正确答案：Americans have a great range of customs and habits that may seem puzzling to strangers. 涉及知识点：汉译英6．这次考试比我们预想的要难得多。

★启用前注意保密2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(二)英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。

考试用时120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己所在的市(县、区)、学校、班级、姓名、考场号、座位号和考生号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在每张答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先画掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ACommunity Volunteers ProgramCommunity V olunteers Program is a brand new service opportunity that engages volunteers in weekly service with community-based organizations in neighborhoods surrounding the Boston campus.It offers various volunteer placements that will allow you to connect your skills, passions, and interests with weekly service!826 BostonIt is a nonprofit kids writing and publishing organization empowering traditionally under-served students(age 2 to 13)to find their voices,tell their stories,and gain communication skills to succeed in school and in future life.·Primary Focus:After-school enrichment/tutoring.·Opportunity Type:Remote.Family Gym ProgramFamily Gym's goal is to provide families with young children(age 0 to 10)with a safe, accessible space to engage in fun,and age-appropriate physical activity.·Primary Focus: Nutrition and Meal Assistance, Nutrition and Physical Education.·Opportunity Type:Virtual/Remote.Community ServingsCommunity Servings actively engages the community to provide medically tailored, nutritious, scratch-made meals to critically ill kids(age 6 to 10)and their families.·Primary Focus:Food Security,Nutrition and Meal Assistance.·Opportunity Type:In person.Hernández After School ProgramHASP involves youth from the Rafael Hernández Two-Way Bilingual School to provide the highest quality of specialized services to meet the educational,social, emotional,cultural,and recreational needs of its students(age 5 to 12) in the surrounding communities.·Primary Focus: After-school enrichment/tutoring for multilingual students.·Opportunity Type: Remote.21. What is the main job of volunteers in 826 Boston?A. To teach students expressive skills.B. To provide kids with physical training.C. To offer teenagers social assistance.D. To help youth with emotional problems.22. Which program may prefer volunteers with medical knowledge?A. 826 Boston.B.Family Gym Program.C. Community Servings.D. Hernndez After School Program.23. What do the four programs have in common?A. They advocate healthy diets.B. They focus on education.C. They feature online service.D. They center around children.BHelga Stentzel's Clothesline Animals combine charming images as fine art prints in various sizes.As an artist whose style she calls“household surrealism（超现实主义）”，she works in various media and has a large collection of works. Instead of throwing an old pair of pants or T-shirt away,Helga Stentzel puts her tired garments out to the farm. By hanging them on a simple clothesline she sets up and folding them artfully that look like animals,she takes wonderful pictures. Some are shot in real locations while others are digitally placed in environments in charming form with appealing colors.Siberian-born Stentzel has cooperated with many respectable and well-known brands, one of which is Hogar Verde,a bio-friendly laundry products brand in Ecuador. For them she has created the adorable clothing illusicons（错觉）for a print ad campaign，which also drew attention to the endangered animals shown within, like dinosaurs, polar bears and so on.Stentzel's practice started from her childhood in Siberia, where she spent hours surveying her grandmother's carpet, woods and random objects for recognizable forms, including a pile of buckets looking like the Leaning Tower of Pisa.In what seems a very simple gesture,Stentzel's works employ household items and turn them into surrealist images that uncover different reading layers. From food to clothes, the artist is inspired by everyday olojects and gives them a second life through her creative and really poetic personal angle.“I stare at things longer than socially acceptable! It can be anything—a chair, a noodle hanging off the fork,a lamp post in the middle of the road. Observation is a form of thinking for me. I really enjoy studying colors, shapes and textures—with no expectation, simply admiring their unique beauty. Very often there's nothing more to it,but sometimes BOOM!—a creative idea hits my brain, and it makes a link between sliced bread and wrinkled skin of a French bulldog. It's very unpredictable,”Stentzel said.24. How did Stentzel create an artwork according to paragrapl2?A. By designing clothes on software.B. By painting animals in various colors.C. By taking photos of animals on the farm.D. By hanging clothes folded in animal shapes.25. What is Stentzel's source of inspiration?A. Daily items.B. Tourist attractions.C. Random surveys.D. Childhood adventures.26. Which of the following can best describe Stentzel's fine art prints?A. Complex and digital.B. Meaningful and creative.C. Poetic but commercial.D. Ordinary but bio-friendly.27. What can we learn from Stentzel's story?A. Art can give people a second life.B. Artworks are from life yet above life.C. Creation is from intentional observation.D. Cooperation results in adorable artworks.CCould the next Ernest Hemingway or Jane Austen be a well-engineered Al software program? It's a question becoming increasingly pressing as machine language-learning software continues to evolve.Much of this is just nerves. Today's Al creative writing programs are not yet at a stage of development where they pose a serious threat to Colleen Hoover or Charles Dickens. But while attention continues to for us on the possibility of a blanket takeover of human literature by Al,far less consideration has been given to the prospect of Al co-working with humans.Earlier this month,American sci-fi writer Ken Liu, who had been awarded Hugo and Nebula to his name, joined 12 other professional authors for a writing workshop on Google's Word craft. This Al tool, a language generating model, is not yet publicly available but is advertised as an AI-powerel writing assistant that can, when given the right instruction from the writer,provide helpful descriptions, create lists of objects or emotional states,and even brainstorm ideas.The writers at the workshop, however, emerged with mixed reports.“Word craft is too sensible. Wow!”Robin Sloan wrote.“But‘sensible’is another word for predictable, overused and boring. My intention here is to produce something unexpected.”I'm unconvinced that writers awarded the Nobel Prize have much to fear from Al. Their work, and that of countless other rnove lists,short story writers,dramatists and poets,is too particular,too beautifully unique. Even if a model learned what they had done in the past, it would not be able to predict where their creativity might take them in the future. But for authors who write following a pattern, Al might step in, first as assistants before some day to authorship.Production-line novels are nothing new.In the 1970s,Barbara Cartland,who wrote more than 723 books in her lifetime,many of which are romance bestsellers,would read her novels for her secretary to type up at the remarkable rate of roughly seven chapters a week. But already machine has replaced the secretary's role. Perhaps creative writing software isn't that far from replacing the Mrs. Cartlands of today.28. Which aspect of Al calls for more attention?A. Its damage to our nerves.B. Its progress in literary studies.C. Its cooperation with humans.D. Its influence on human literature.29. What can we learn about Word craft from the text?A. It generates novels automatically.B. It outperforms professional writers.C. Its works receive praises from the public.D. Its works bear similarity to existing ones.30. What can writers do to avoid the threat from Al?A. Increase writing speed.B. Use diverse resources.C. Produce creative works.D. Follow the latest patterns.31. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Will AI Replace Human Writers?B. AI Warns Mrs. Cartlands of TodayC. Is Writing Running into a New Era?D. Word craft Lies at the Center of DebateDTwo separate research groups in the U.K. and Denmark have come up with the same idea for a study that could help save endangered species, and have gotten the same results. It involves sucking environmental DNA from the air that animals leave behind.“We use a really small pump that pulls the air through, and we hope the DNA gets caught on the filter（过滤器），" said Elizabeth Clare，the lead researcher.“It's a bit like making coffee. You make coffee by sucking water through a filter and leaving the coffee grounds behind. That's basically what we're doing; we're just sucking the air through and hoping that the DNA gets lost behind."Clare says the concept has been used for years in different ways. Scientists sample pathogens （病原体）from the air，which has been used to help track COVID-19. Environmental DNA can also be collect d from water to help ease invasive species.A big goal for both research teams with the new study is to be able to locate endangered species and help save them. It is important to note that this type of DNA sampling can only be picked up if a species is in the area, so if there were two of the same animal, scientists would not be able to tell which one the DNA came from.Both research groups also reported certain DNA samples not showing up when they knew an animal had been in the area. They also can't tell yet how long an animal's DNA will stick around after it's been in one area. Clare says she'd like to plan more researches to get these answers.But one thing is for sure after conducting the study. Clare says she has a whole new perspective on taking a deep breath.“Asyou know, I'm walking through a jungle or the park or taking my dog for a walk or my kids out to play, and I take a deep breath; I think I just inhaled information about all the things that have been here before, and as a scientist, that's exciting to think that the information that I'm trying to gather is literally hanging in front of me,"she said.32. Why does the author mention coffee-making?A. To show the function of a filter.B. To illustrate how the idea works.C. To compare two different methods.D. To prove how simply DNA-sucking works.33. What does the underlined phrase"the concept"in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Detecting danger in the air.B. Protecting endangered animals.C. Sucking DNA out of the air.D. Collecting environmental samples.34. What do we know about the new method of DNA sampling?A. It distinguishes different DNAs.B. It collects certain DNA within range.C. It locates endangered species exactly.D. It predicts the duration of animals' stay.35. What can we infer from Clare's words in the last paragraph?A. She breathes the air of hope for future studies.B. She agrees with the benefits of deep breathing.C. She adopts brand-new methods of purifying the air.D. She finds inner peace by doing simple things in life.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（3）(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Any sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer, is indistinguishable from magic. The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his__1__Using it is just like casting a spell: say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can__2__your wish.The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa, can__3__music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer trivia questions and control smart__4__; even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of American households. Voice assistants are__5__in smartphones, too: Apple´s Siri__6__over 2 billion commands a week, and 20% of Google__7__on Android powered handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works__8__enough to be useful. Why type when you can talk?This is a huge shift. Simple__9__it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as more__10__ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard__11__But being able to talk to computers__12__the need for the abstraction of a "user interface" at all.__13__mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the__14__to be more useful and powerful than people can imagine today.Voice will not wholly__15__other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more__16__to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking. But voice is destined to__17__a growing share of people´s interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centres.__18__,to reach its full potential, the technology requires__19__breakthroughs—and a resolution of the__20__questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.第1题A.spotB.noticeC.pointD.note第2题A.makeB.allowC.reachD.grant第3题A.call upB.make upC.show up第4题A.implementsB.appliancesplementD.assistance 第5题A.decliningB.surgingC.mergingD.vanishing第6题A.entersB.dictatesC.handlesD.requires第7题A.searchesB.tracksC.findsD.issues第8题A.possiblyB.necessarilyC.adequatelyD.reliably第9题A.becauseB.thoughC.whenD.since第10题A.intuitiveB.difficultC.abstractD.private第11题A.contentsmentsmandsD.contexts第12题A.reducesB.increasesD.abolishes第13题A.Such asB.Much asC.Just asD.As such第14题A.potentialB.capabilityC.entitlementD.responsibility第15题A.retainB.replaceC.reformD.resume第16题plicatedB.conventionalC.consistentD.convenient第17题A.call forB.answer forC.account forD.take for第18题A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.LikewiseD.Although第19题A.furtherB.distantC.instantD.prompt第20题A.strangeB.uniqueC.specialD.tricky下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.If you´ve ever pushed back your bedtime to watch just one more episode of Orange Is the New Black, or lay in bed wide-eyed after streaming three exhilarating hours of Game of Thrones, this new research probably won´t surprise you. A new study in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine is the first to link binge-watching with poorer sleep quality, more fatigue, and increased insomnia. Not only does on-demand TV tempt us to keep watching episode after episode, say the study´s authors , but the shows are also designed to draw us in, boost suspense, and emotionally invest in plotlines and characters. This can lead to excitement and increased arousal, the research shows, which can translate into "increased cognitive alertness" and consequently an inability to get the shuteye you need.Interestingly, no relationship was found between sleep problems and regular television watching, during which viewers typically switch from one program to another.Co-author Jan Van den Bulck, PhD, professor of communication studies at the University of Michigan, says his study does not prove that binge-watching directly affects sleep quality, but it provides good evidence that the two are linked. There are several ways in which streaming shows might keep us from scoring slumber, he adds.The study involved 423 young adults, ages 18 to 25, who completed online surveys about how often they watched television, both conventional TV and streaming services. They were also asked how frequently they " binge-watched" shows, defined as watching multiple consecutive episodes of the same show in one sitting, on any type of screen. They also answered questions about their sleep quality and how tired (or alert) they felt throughout the day.More than 80% of the participants identified themselves as binge watchers, with 20% of that group binge-watching at least a few times a week in the previous month. A little more than half of binge-watchers said they tended to view three to four episodes in one sitting, and the average binge session was just over 3 hours. Men binged less frequently than women, but their viewing sessions were nearly twice as long on average.第21题What does binge-watching mean in Paragraph 1?A.Consuming alcohol while watching TV.B.Watching poorly made TV programs.C.Watching TV for an excessive period of time.D.Downloading TV programs illegally.第22题What could be the harm of "increased cognitive alertness"?A.The shows are designed to attract viewers.B.On-demand TV leads to more people indulged in TV.C.People experience extreme excitement and sadness.D.Some people are unable to fall asleep.第23题What does the study say about the relation between watching TV and sleep?A.Regular television watching induces insomnia.B.Binge-watching directly affects sleep quality.C.Switching from one program to another leads lower sleep quality.D.Binge-watching is somehow linked with sleep quality.第24题The results of study shows that______.A.The majority of the participants are binge watchersB.Women tend to have more self-control over the frequency of binge-watchingC.Conventional TV attract more binge-watchers than streaming servicesD.Young adults tend to have more sleep problems than older people第25题What is this passage mainly about?A.The methods of avoid binge-watching.B.The methods of raising sleep quality.C.The relation between binge-watching and sleep.D.The relation between binge-watching and age groups.上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.In Bavaria´s Holledau region endless rows of hop bines and grain field still undulate through the hills as they have for centuries; but today they share the south-facing slopes with solar panels. Germany´s Energiewende ("energy transition" or "revolution") has transformed its countryside.The main tool in this transition is a policy of subsidising renewable power. Germany guarantees investors in green energy that their electricity is fed into the grid before that from conventional sources, and at high prices fixed for 20 years. Thanks to this support, the share of renewable energy in German electricity generation has gone from 3.6% in 1990 to 30% last year. But although green energy is subsidised in most of the EU and America, Germany´s efforts are unusually generous. Consumers pay the price of the subsidies—more than ?0 billion ($22 billion) each year—through their electricity bills.As a result, Germany´s renewables law has long been in need of reform. In July, after much wrangling, the German parliament finally changed it. The government will still determine the volume of renewable-energy capacity it wants added each year, to try and slow climate change. Its target is for 40-45% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2025, 55-60% by 2035 and at least 80% by 2050. But from next year the fixed sum paid in feed-in tariffs to everyone supplying renewable power will be replaced with auctions in which investors place sealed bids to build new wind or solar farms. Those who offer to do it for the lowest price will win, and only they will be paid for the power they supply.This reform is an important step toward a market economy, says Patrick Graichen of Agora Energiewende, a think-tank. But problems remain. The new reform does not address the more fundamental flaws in the Energiewende. The first is that even as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation rises, overall production is so far not getting cleaner, as measured by emissions. One reason is the snap decision after the disaster at Fukushima in 2011 by Angela Merkel, the chancellor, to phase out nuclear power (which emits no greenhouse gases) by 2022.While renewables can easily compensate for this missing nuclear capacity on windy and sunnydays, other energy sources are needed for the rest. Environmentally, gas-fired power plants would be the next best option, but they are more expensive to run than coal-fired plants. And so Germany continues to rely on dirty lignite and only slightly less dirty hard coal.Alongside this, the Energiewende has so far focused almost entirely on electricity generation. But electricity accounts for only about 21% of energy consumed in Germany, with the rest used to drive cars and trucks and to heat homes. Renewable sources play a negligible role in these sectors. Electric vehicles remain more of a marketing dream than reality. Too few Germans drive them to make the air cleaner, though this may change in the wake of the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal last year.第26题Which of the following is true when it comes to Holledau region?A.It is the place where Energiewende has initiated.B.The solar panels here outnumber ones from other regions.C.It is a place where more solar power could be used by scientists.D.It is a place transformed by the German energy revolution.第27题According to the author, the feed-in tariffs ______.A.would be replaced by renewable energy in the coming yearB.would stay the same unless the auctions take place in a very pleasant wayC.would face the new replacement of auctions in the coming yearD.would place sealed bids to build new wind or solar farms第28题The overall production is so far ______.A.not getting better because the problems in the Energiewende could not be solvedB.not getting better because there are further steps to be takenC.not getting better because of the Energiewende´s renewable energy policyD.not getting better because the politician has discontinued the nuclear power gradually第29题What can be inferred from Paragraph Five?A.German people don´t need nuclear power because they have enough wind and sunshine.B.If a region is windy and full of solar energy, what people need is to have a rest.C.Gas is a more environmentally friendly fuel because it is less expensive than coal.D.Germany has reluctantly agreed to use the dirty fuel.第30题According to the author, the Volkswagen scandal ______.A.may change people´s attitudes towards green drivingB.would change its fans into ones who prefer Volkswagen´s electric carsC.may not make the manufacturer lose its fansD.happened while renewables could not compensate for the nuclear capacity上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.West London, Friday night, 9 pm. In the Redemption bar, music hums and candles flicker. A barman shakes cocktails under a neon sign. But the noisy drinking often associated with British pubs at the weekend is absent. Although the cocorita is served, it contains no alcohol. Redemption is one of a small but growing number of drinkeries that serve no liquor.Worries about drinking are on the rise. Hospitals complain that alcohol-related admissions are soaring; some police chiefs have called for new powers to tackle disorderly drunks. On February 4th the Home Office announced a new plan that ought to stop retailers from selling alcoholic drinks below cost—something they occasionally do to attract shoppers. This, said Norman Baker, the Liberal Democrat, would "stop the worst examples of very cheap and harmful drink".Yet Britain is in many ways becoming more abstemious. In 2001 the average household consumed 1. 5 litres of alcoholic drinks a week; by 2011, the figure had fallen to 1. 1 litres. The young in particular seem to be giving up boozing: over the same period, the number of young men drinking heavily at least once a week fell from 37% to 22%; women became less sozzled, too. Dry bars benefit from this fad: Redemption´s customers doubled between December and January.Abstemious bars have also opened in Liverpool and Nottingham. Unlike many cafes, they stay open late. They simulate bars in other ways, with live music, comedy acts and films to pull in customers. When the lights go down and the DJ plays at Sobar, which opened in Nottingham in Januar-y, it looks like any city bar, hopes Alex Gillmore, the manager. Redemption misses the huge profits made on alcohol, but temperance brings its own benefits. Business remains steady throughout the week rather than spiking at the weekend, says Catherine Salway, its founder.Sobar is linked to a do-gooding drug and alcohol charity. But ordinary bars are becoming a little drier, too, out of business sense rather than temperance principle. Pubs can make almost as much selling food as drink—and more are serving it. Both in pubs and at home, less boozy drinks are becoming popular. Total sales of beer by volume dropped slightly in the year to January, but those of the weaker kinds jumped 32%, according to a market-research firm. Sales of "adult" sparkling soft drinks are growing too. Perhaps the cafe-culture British politicians have so long yearned for is at last emerging.第31题We can learn from the text that Redemption is______.A.a noisy music barB.a bar with no spiritsC.a pub without serversD.a traditional British pub第32题Norman Baker believed that the new plan would______.A.have some positive effectsB.set a bad example for drinkersC.totally eliminate heavy drinkersD.stop retailers from selling liquor第33题It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that______.A.women drink less liquor than men in BritainB.most young men have totally given up drinkingC.drinking less spirits has become a trend in BritainD.Britons have become money-saving in many aspects第34题According to Paragraph 4, dry bars mainly live on______.A.regular drinkersB.live performancesC.extravagant customersD.abstemious consumers第35题British politicians´ attitude towards drinking may be______.A.impartialB.supportiveC.indifferentD.disapproving上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.How long you live has a lot to do with your environment and lifestyle, but exceptional longevity may have even more to do with your genes. For the first time, researchers have identified a genetic recipe that accurately predicts who may live to 100 and beyond. Scientists led by Dr. Thomas Perls at the Boston University School of Medicine conducted a genetic analysis of more than 1,000 centenarians and their matched controls and found 150 genetic variants—or bits of DNA—that differed between the two groups. These variants identified people who lived to a very old age (past 100) with 77% accuracy, researchers found.Further analysis identified 19 distinct genetic profiles associated with extremely long life; 90% of participants who lived to 100 possessed at least one of the signature genetic clusters. Each profile appeared to confer a different tendency to develop common age-related chronic diseases, such as heart disease or brain disorder. "We realize this is a complex genetic puzzle," Perls said. "We´re quite a ways away still in understanding how the integration of these genes—not just with themselves but with environmental factors—are playing a role in this longevity puzzle."Perls has studied many factors that contribute to longevity, and he is the first to acknowledge that living longer isn´ t likely to be simply a matter of genes. His previous work has shown, for example, that among most elderly people who live into their 70s and 80s, about 70% of their longevity can be ascribed to environmental factors such as not smoking; eating a healthy, low-fat, low-calorie diet; and remaining socially engaged and intellectually active throughout life.Still, it seems clear that those who live to an exceptionally ripe old age are benefiting from a special DNA boost. In fact, Perls believes that the older a person gets, the more likely it is that his or her genes are contributing to those extended years. His current genetic findings support that theory: the 19 most common genetic profiles that distinguished the exceptionally long-lived appear to be correlated with lower incidence of certain diseases. For example, some profiles were associated with lower rates of high blood pressure and diabetes, while another was linked to a reduced risk of brain disorder.Although most of us can´t expect to become centenarians, Perls is hoping that his work will lead to better ways—perhaps through pharmaceutical interventions based on the genetic clues to longevity—to help more of us live like them.第36题According to the analysis of the genes of centenarians, scientists found that______.A.19 genetic profiles of centenarians are different from othersB.centenarians´ genes are the same as other peopleC.environment and lifestyle contribute much to longevityD.many genetic variants may identify centenarians第37题What can we learn from the Paragraph two?A.Most centenarians have exceptional longevity-related genes.B.Chronic diseases are complex genetic puzzles to scientists.C.The integration of genes and environmental factors is important.D.How exceptional longevity-related genes function is known.第38题To which of the following would Perls most probably agree?A.longevity is only associated with certain genetic profiles.B.most extremely long-lived benefit from not smoking.C.environmental factors play an important role in longevity.D.intellectually active has nothing to do with living an old age.第39题By referring to current genetic findings of Perls, the author intends to______.A.discuss the relationship between genes and certain diseasesB.support the idea that common genes are related to extremely longevityC.show some genes are associated with lower rates of certain diseasesD.support the idea that extremely longevity are ascribed to genes第40题The best title for this text could be?A.Environment and GenesB.Genes May Predict Who Lives to 100C.Genes, the Secret of LongevityD.Lifestyle and Genes上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections :Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.[A]Crisis Seems Far[B]The Firm Is At Risk[C]More Rivals Join In[D]Natural Foods Are Unreal[E]Stop Buying Organic Foods[F]The Recall Makes Things Worse[G]Traditional Foods Face ChallengeThe colourful chalkboards and baskets of fruit that greet customers at the entrances of Whole Foods Market´s shops paint a rosy picture. Yet shares in the American seller of organic and natural food have fallen by more than 40% since hitting a peak last October, in a period when stock markets have been strong.__41__It is not that the retailer is in immediate crisis: its latest quarterly figures, on July 30th, showed sales and profits both up a bit. And it is not that people are going off the idea of paying more for food produced without chemical fertilisers, pesticides or additives: the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements reckons that the industry´s worldwide revenues were a record of 63 billion in 2012; and Techsci Research, a market-research firm, predicts that the American market for such foods—the world´s largest—may grow by 14% by 2018.__42__The problem is that at Whole Foods, shoppers have been paying way over the cost of regular produce, and its success in getting them to do so has now attracted a lot of competitors, from rival organics chains like Sprouts and Trader Joe´s to mass-market retailers like Walmart and Costco. As a result, the price premium for organic produce is crashing down. On a recent shopping trip, a pound of organic apples cost 2. 99 at Whole Foods but just 1. 99 at Sprouts and even less at Costco.__43__The firm has been trimming costs to keep its margins up, but the slump in its share price reflects investors´ expectation that this cannot continue, that profits will suffer and that Whole Foods´ dominance of the market is coming to an end.__44__That the company has had to recall a number of products—in late July it and other grocers recalled plums and peaches suspected of contamination with Listeria bacteria—has made it harder to maintain an air of superiority over its competitors. Organic foods´ claim to superiority is questionable anyway. Both Britain´s Food Standards Agency and the Annals of Internal Medicine, a journal, concluded after reviewing the extensive studies on the issue that there is no substantial difference in the nutritiousness of organics and non-organics. In some respects organics may be bad for the environment, because growing them uses land less efficiently than non-organics.__45__As for "natural" foods, there is no official definition of this,in America at least; so the label, which Whole Foods also applies to many products, is close to meaningless. Alan McHughen, a botanist at the University of California, Riverside, argues that the whole industry is "99% marketing and public perception," reeling people in through a fabricated concept of a time when food, and life in general, was simple and wholesome.If true,the trick has worked nicely for Whole Foods. But its success has attracted so many imitators that it is losing its uniqueness. Even recent speculation about a takeover bid has failed to lift its shares. It may insist its food is sustainable. But it seems its prices are not.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题上一题下一题(1/1)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)第46题The essential functions of the UN are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights, and fundamental freedoms, and to be a centre of coordinating the actions of nations in attaining these common ends.No country takes precedence over another in the UN. Each member´s obligations and rights are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the UN has no right to intervene in any state´s internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act according to its principles of peace and security. UN members must offer every assistance in an approved UN action and in no way assist states against which the UN is taking preventive or enforcement action. ____________上一题下一题(1/1)Section WritingPart A第47题Zoe, your current colleagues, is leaving for a new position at a different company. Write a letter to congratulate her on the new job.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write your address._________________上一题下一题(1/1)Part B第48题Write an essay based on the following chart. You should describe the chart and give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)图片_______________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Any sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer, is indistinguishable from magic. The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proveshis__1__Using it is just like casting a spell: say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can__2__your wish.The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa, can__3__music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer trivia questions and control smart__4__; even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of American households. Voice assistants are__5__in smartphones, too: Apple´s Siri__6__over 2 billion commands a week, and 20% of Google__7__on Android powered handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works__8__enough to be useful. Why type when you can talk?This is a huge shift. Simple__9__it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as more__10__ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard__11__But being able to talk to computers__12__the need for the abstraction of a "user interface" at all.__13__mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the__14__to be more useful and powerful than people can imagine today.Voice will not wholly__15__other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more__16__to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking. But voice is destined to__17__a growing share of people´s interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centres.__18__,to reach its full potential, the technology requires__19__breakthroughs—and a resolution of the__20__questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.第1题A.spotB.noticeC.pointD.note参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：名词辨析题。

山东省威海市成考专升本2022年大学语文第二次模拟卷(附答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、单选题(15题)1.“我则或一日而返焉，或二三日而返焉，或五六日而返焉”所运用的修辞手法是A.A.比喻、夸张B.比喻、层递C.层递、夸张D.排比、夸张2. 在下面的艾青的四首诗中，作于解放后的一首诗是( )A.《大堰河一我的保姆》B.《北方》C.《光的赞歌》D.《向太阳》3.《选择与安排》中，作者以“善将兵的人都知道兵在精不在多”为喻来说明（）A.A.选择要恰到好处B.安排要有条不紊C.层次要清晰明了D.轻重要分明得当4.有“曲状元”之称的元代散曲家是（）A.A.马致远B.王实甫C.关汉卿D.白朴5.第19题《故都的秋》选自郁达夫的（）。

6.王国维认为抒写“无我之境”的代表作是（）A.《蒹葭》B.《饮酒》(其五)C.《秋兴八首》(其一)D.《早雁》7.根据本文提供的信息，以下推断正确的一项是( )A.利用钠原子降低光速的代价要小于利用铷气。

B.光通过高温铷气时，其传播的速度也会降低。

C.紫外线的波长短，所以传播的速度比较慢。

D.目前以慢光为墓础的应用已经成为现实。

8. 被列宁称为“中国十一世纪改革家”的人是（）A.韩愈B.王安石C.欧阳修D.司马光9.擅长七言绝句、有“七绝圣手”之称的唐代边塞诗人是()A.王维B.李商隐C.岑参D.王昌龄10.依次填入下列各横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是( )植物是园林中的重要______因素，一般认为通过植物的时序______实现其观赏功能和构景功能。

植物在景点构成中还担任着文化符号的角色，______园主人所______的思想和愿望。

A.构成布局寄寓传递B.构成布局传递寄寓C.布局构成寄寓传递D.布局构成传递寄寓11. 下列各句所采用的修辞手法依次是(1)不违农时，谷不可胜食也；数罟不入湾池，鱼鳖不可胜食也；斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也。

2024学年河南省扶沟县高级中学高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population _______ to be over 200 million by 2020.A．predicts B．is predicted C．will have been predicted D．will be predicted2．For a third-culture kid,it is often easier to a new foreign country than to their "home" country.A．moving B．to move C．move D．moved3．This is the first time that we ________a film in the cinema together as a family .A．see B．had seenC．saw D．have seen4．The Japanese people keep up cheerful spirits ________ the world that they can get over the crisis caused by the terrible tsunami（海啸）.A．being convinced B．convinced C．to convince D．having convinced5．—Thank God! This school term is coming to an end!—Yeah, after all that hard work, we all a holiday.A．preserve B．observe C．reserve D．deserve6．That was a very busy street that I was never allowed to cross accompanied by an adult.A．when B．if C．unless D．where7．— Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your rehearse (排练)? My little son’s curious about the performance.— _______ . Just come round.A．Y es, I do B．Never mind C．Not at all D．Y es, please8．As ______ healthier lifestyle is being promoted, the bicycle has also become a tool that keeps people on ______ go. A．the; a B．a; aC．a; the D．a; /9．They have leading experts in this field，and that's __________ they've made important progress．A．where B．whyC．whether D．who10．With no one them，the two thieves stole into the house．A．watch B．watching C．watches D．watched11．The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial ________.— a scar on the forehead.A．expression B．featureC．outline D．gesture12．We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest __________ in Shanghai next month.A．held B．to holdC．being held D．to be held13．I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A．mightn’t B．mustn’tC．needn’t D．couldn’t14．.---Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?.---I would have, but I _____ so busy then.A．had been B．were C．was D．would be15．He gets up at six o’clock, runs for half an h our and then has a meal; that is his morning ______.A．route B．routineC．behavior D．tendency16．My uncle finally bought his dream house ______ overlooks a beautiful park.A．which B．where C．who D．what17．Computers can do nothing．But once ______what to do, they show extraordinary power to do a great deal．A．to program B．being programmedC．programmed D．having programmed18．It is going to rain today. Take an umbrella with you to ________ you from the rain.A．stop B．prevent C．keep D．protect19．The biggest problem for most plants, which ________just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A．shall not B．can'tC．needn't D．mustn't20．Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of our government, I'd like to ________ a sincere welcome and heartfelt gratitude. A．exploit B．exposeC．expand D．extend第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2021高考仿真模拟卷(二)语文试题及参考答案解析(时间：150分钟满分：150分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

书法与国学有诸多联系，但不能直接画等号。

书法是艺术，国学是学问。

把书法当成国学，与把传统文化当成国学如出一辙。

书法是传统文化的一部分，而且是重要组成部分，但只有用国学方法研究传统文化的学问才是国学。

那么研究书法的学问是不是就是国学了？不全是。

举个例子，用传统文献学方法研究的传统书学，可称得上国学。

古代书论文献大多是文学性描述，多运用比喻、夸张和想象等文学手法，且行文简略，如孙过庭《书谱》中有一句经典概括“古不乖时，今不同弊”。

意思是取法古人，不能背离时代条件，同时又不能随大流，过于迎合今人。

写不出自己，看不到古人，是书法大忌。

孙过庭以简短八个字，把古今书学的道理说通了。

而这用短短几个字就能说透的问题，今人千言万语也未必能达其真谛。

所以，凡遇古书论，都需用文献学方法，对所涉字词进行训诂学研究，这些自然属于国学范畴。

按照国学大师梁启超的划分，国学研究总体分为两类：一类是关于智识的学问，一类是关于人生的学问。

前者侧重于认识，后者侧重于实践体悟。

书学也是如此。

书学是关于智识的学问。

书法的基础是汉字，研究书法必须研究汉字本体，故此，书学的基础是字学，也即小学，小学又融于国学之中。

所以，国学中的字学或小学，对书学研究有直接作用和影响。

辑校和注疏是国学研究的重要方法，也是传统书学研究的重要方法。

在阅读和运用古代书论文献时，必须对其中的字词进行训诂或校注，否则易发生误读。

譬如现在我们时常用“天真烂漫”一词形容书法作品至高的美学境界，但从包世臣《艺舟双楫》中对“烂漫”一词的注解可知，“烂漫”的本意是花开十分，已渐有凋疏之意，用在书法上，则指笔法粗疏导致的墨法凋疏，字法散乱。

书学还是有关人生体悟的学问。

它不但需要对古代书论进行研究，更需要亲自实践。

★启用前注意保密2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(二)英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。

考试用时120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己所在的市(县、区)、学校、班级、姓名、考场号、座位号和考生号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在每张答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先画掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ACommunity Volunteers ProgramCommunity Volunteers Program is a brand new service opportunity that engages volunteers in weekly service with community-based organizations in neighborhoods surrounding the Boston campus.It offers various volunteer placements that will allow you to connect your skills,passions,and interests with weekly service!826BostonIt is a nonprofit kids writing and publishing organization empowering traditionally under-served students(age 2to13)to find their voices,tell their stories,and gain communication skills to succeed in school and in future life.·Primary Focus:After-school enrichment/tutoring.·Opportunity Type:Remote.Family Gym ProgramFamily Gym's goal is to provide families with young children(age0to10)with a safe,accessible space to engage in fun,and age-appropriate physical activity.·Primary Focus:Nutrition and Meal Assistance,Nutrition and Physical Education.·Opportunity Type:Virtual/Remote.Community ServingsCommunity Servings actively engages the community to provide medically tailored,nutritious,scratch-made meals to critically ill kids(age6to10)and their families.·Primary Focus:Food Security,Nutrition and Meal Assistance.·Opportunity Type:In person.Hernández After School ProgramHASP involves youth from the Rafael Hernández Two-Way Bilingual School to provide the highest quality of specialized services to meet the educational,social,emotional,cultural,and recreational needs of its students(age5to12)in the surrounding communities.·Primary Focus:After-school enrichment/tutoring for multilingual students.·Opportunity Type:Remote.21.What is the main job of volunteers in826Boston?A.To teach students expressive skills.B.To provide kids with physical training.C.To offer teenagers social assistance.D.To help youth with emotional problems.22.Which program may prefer volunteers with medical knowledge?A.826Boston.B.Family Gym Program.munity Servings.D.Hernndez After School Program.23.What do the four programs have in common?A.They advocate healthy diets.B.They focus on education.C.They feature online service.D.They center around children.BHelga Stentzel's Clothesline Animals combine charming images as fine art prints in various sizes.As an artist whose style she calls“household surrealism（超现实主义）”，she works in various media and has a large collection of works.Instead of throwing an old pair of pants or T-shirt away,Helga Stentzel puts her tired garments out to the farm.By hanging them on a simple clothesline she sets up and folding them artfully that look like animals,she takes wonderful pictures.Some are shot in real locations while others are digitally placed in environments in charming form with appealing colors.Siberian-born Stentzel has cooperated with many respectable and well-known brands,one of which is Hogar Verde,a bio-friendly laundry products brand in Ecuador.For them she has created the adorable clothing illusicons （错觉）for a print ad campaign，which also drew attention to the endangered animals shown within,like dinosaurs,polar bears and so on.Stentzel's practice started from her childhood in Siberia,where she spent hours surveying her grandmother's carpet,woods and random objects for recognizable forms,including a pile of buckets looking like the Leaning Tower of Pisa.In what seems a very simple gesture,Stentzel's works employ household items and turn them into surrealist images that uncover different reading layers.From food to clothes,the artist is inspired by everyday olojects and gives them a second life through her creative and really poetic personal angle.“I stare at things longer than socially acceptable!It can be anything—a chair,a noodle hanging off the fork,a lamp post in the middle of the road.Observation is a form of thinking for me.I really enjoy studying colors, shapes and textures—with no expectation,simply admiring their unique beauty.Very often there's nothing more to it,but sometimes BOOM!—a creative idea hits my brain,and it makes a link between sliced bread and wrinkled skin of a French bulldog.It's very unpredictable,”Stentzel said.24.How did Stentzel create an artwork according to paragrapl2?A.By designing clothes on software.B.By painting animals in various colors.C.By taking photos of animals on the farm.D.By hanging clothes folded in animal shapes.25.What is Stentzel's source of inspiration?A.Daily items.B.Tourist attractions.C.Random surveys.D.Childhood adventures.26.Which of the following can best describe Stentzel's fine art prints?plex and digital.B.Meaningful and creative.C.Poetic but commercial.D.Ordinary but bio-friendly.27.What can we learn from Stentzel's story?A.Art can give people a second life.B.Artworks are from life yet above life.C.Creation is from intentional observation.D.Cooperation results in adorable artworks.CCould the next Ernest Hemingway or Jane Austen be a well-engineered Al software program?It's a question becoming increasingly pressing as machine language-learning software continues to evolve.Much of this is just nerves.Today's Al creative writing programs are not yet at a stage of development where they pose a serious threat to Colleen Hoover or Charles Dickens.But while attention continues to for us on the possibility of a blanket takeover of human literature by Al,far less consideration has been given to the prospect of Al co-working with humans.Earlier this month,American sci-fi writer Ken Liu,who had been awarded Hugo and Nebula to his name, joined12other professional authors for a writing workshop on Google's Word craft.This Al tool,a language generating model,is not yet publicly available but is advertised as an AI-powerel writing assistant that can,when given the right instruction from the writer,provide helpful descriptions,create lists of objects or emotional states,and even brainstorm ideas.The writers at the workshop,however,emerged with mixed reports.“Word craft is too sensible.Wow!”Robin Sloan wrote.“But‘sensible’is another word for predictable,overused and boring.My intention here is to produce something unexpected.”I'm unconvinced that writers awarded the Nobel Prize have much to fear from Al.Their work,and that of countless other rnove lists,short story writers,dramatists and poets,is too particular,too beautifully unique.Even if a model learned what they had done in the past,it would not be able to predict where their creativity might take them in the future.But for authors who write following a pattern,Al might step in,first as assistants before some day to authorship.Production-line novels are nothing new.In the1970s,Barbara Cartland,who wrote more than723books in her lifetime,many of which are romance bestsellers,would read her novels for her secretary to type up at the remarkable rate of roughly seven chapters a week.But already machine has replaced the secretary's role.Perhaps creative writing software isn't that far from replacing the Mrs.Cartlands of today.28.Which aspect of Al calls for more attention?A.Its damage to our nerves.B.Its progress in literary studies.C.Its cooperation with humans.D.Its influence on human literature.29.What can we learn about Word craft from the text?A.It generates novels automatically.B.It outperforms professional writers.C.Its works receive praises from the public.D.Its works bear similarity to existing ones.30.What can writers do to avoid the threat from Al?A.Increase writing speed.e diverse resources.C.Produce creative works.D.Follow the latest patterns.31.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Will AI Replace Human Writers?B.AI Warns Mrs.Cartlands of TodayC.Is Writing Running into a New Era?D.Word craft Lies at the Center of DebateDTwo separate research groups in the U.K.and Denmark have come up with the same idea for a study that could help save endangered species,and have gotten the same results.It involves sucking environmental DNA from the air that animals leave behind.“We use a really small pump that pulls the air through,and we hope the DNA gets caught on the filter（过滤器），"said Elizabeth Clare，the lead researcher.“It's a bit like making coffee.You make coffee by sucking waterthrough a filter and leaving the coffee grounds behind.That's basically what we're doing;we're just sucking the air through and hoping that the DNA gets lost behind."Clare says the concept has been used for years in different ways.Scientists sample pathogens（病原体）from the air，which has been used to help track COVID-19.Environmental DNA can also be collect d from water to help ease invasive species.A big goal for both research teams with the new study is to be able to locate endangered species and help save them.It is important to note that this type of DNA sampling can only be picked up if a species is in the area, so if there were two of the same animal,scientists would not be able to tell which one the DNA came from.Both research groups also reported certain DNA samples not showing up when they knew an animal had been in the area.They also can't tell yet how long an animal's DNA will stick around after it's been in one area. Clare says she'd like to plan more researches to get these answers.But one thing is for sure after conducting the study.Clare says she has a whole new perspective on taking a deep breath.“Asyou know,I'm walking through a jungle or the park or taking my dog for a walk or my kids out to play,and I take a deep breath;I think I just inhaled information about all the things that have been here before, and as a scientist,that's exciting to think that the information that I'm trying to gather is literally hanging in front of me,"she said.32.Why does the author mention coffee-making?A.To show the function of a filter.B.To illustrate how the idea works.C.To compare two different methods.D.To prove how simply DNA-sucking works.33.What does the underlined phrase"the concept"in paragraph3refer to?A.Detecting danger in the air.B.Protecting endangered animals.C.Sucking DNA out of the air.D.Collecting environmental samples.34.What do we know about the new method of DNA sampling?A.It distinguishes different DNAs.B.It collects certain DNA within range.C.It locates endangered species exactly.D.It predicts the duration of animals'stay.35.What can we infer from Clare's words in the last paragraph?A.She breathes the air of hope for future studies.B.She agrees with the benefits of deep breathing.C.She adopts brand-new methods of purifying the air.D.She finds inner peace by doing simple things in life.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2017-2018 长郡集团郡维学校第二次限时训练八年级英语试卷命题人：陈芷娇审题人：徐倩文时量：100分钟总分：120分II知识运用(两部分，共20小题，计20分)第一节语法填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

(共10小题，计10分)()21. He reminded me ________ the lights when I left the classroom.A. not forgettingB. don’t forgetC. not to forget()22. I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted, but ________ of them had it.A. neitherB. bothC. none()23. China has a ________ population than Japan.A. manyB. moreC. larger()24. He is always the first person ________ the classroom.A. reachingB. reached C, to reach()25.---Is the wine made ________ grapes?---Yes. It’s made ________ France.A. from; inB. of; inC. from; by()26. I’ll ring you up ________ he ________ here tomorrow.A. until; arriveB. until; arrivesC. as soon as; arrives()27. ________ much information he gave us!A. WhatB. What aC. How()28. Although it was very difficult,he succeeded ________ the task in the end.A. to finishB. of finishingC. in finishing()29. Henr y’s new house is about 300 square met ers ________ size.A. onB. inC. of()30. ---Do you know that China is one of ________ countries in the world?---Yes，I do. It’s much ________ than the US.A. oldest; olderB. the oldest; olderC. the oldest; elder第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

考研英语二（作文）模拟试卷98(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. WritingSection III WritingPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)1．Directions: Write an essay based on the chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words.正确答案：The bar chart illustrates how the respondents perceive the relationship between Chinese culture and Western culture. As can be seen, 50.3% of the respondents believe that the two cultures would become more diversified. 35.5% of them think that Chinese culture and Western culture would get more convergent, while 5.1% think the two would get clashed. The remaining 9.1% believe that Confucianism should be revived but not discarding Western culture. The survey results could be interpreted from the following perspectives. First, the world is getting more interdependent, which means no single culture could be dominant over others. To survive and thrive, each culture needs to draw upon the strength among one another. Second, because of the frequent interaction made possible by technology, people are now able to communicate with each other across time zones and countries. This has led to a tolerant attitude towards different cultures, allowing different voices to coexist in the global discourse. In short, cultures will become more diversified, which I believe is a good phenomenon.解析：该图表显示了受访者对中国文化和西方文化两者关系的看法。

2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Since we can do nothing about it, we _________ as well consult Mr. Smith about the matter.A．can B．mustC．need D．may2．Due to the reform and opening-up, our living conditions, undoubtedly, have improved ________ over the past decades.A．considerately B．approximately C．appropriately D．considerably3．Varieties of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose________ to start with.A．it B．that C．each D．one4．He ______ it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.A．must have done B．might finishC．could have finished D．could finish5．Policemen think that where there is violence , drugs with damaging effects on kids are always ______ it．A．beyond B．before C．behind D．besides6．—How did it come that you damaged your car so badly?—I ____into a tree on the roadside the other day.A．ran B．had run C．was running D．run7．Mike is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does his boss.A．serves B．satisfiesC．promises D．supports8．The Japanese people keep up cheerful spirits ________ the world that they can get over the crisis caused by the terrible tsunami（海啸）.A．being convinced B．convinced C．to convince D．having convinced9．We did have a quarrel about money last night，but now we havealready_____________.A．taken up B．put upC．made up D．brought up10．The real winners in sport are those who know how to persevere and to behave with ________—whether they win or lose a game.A．certainty B．cautionC．dignity D．independence11．Cambridge gave a positive answer inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores.A．in favor of B．in response toC．in salute to D．in consequence of12．Scientists have many theories about how the universe into being. A．came B．was coming C．had come D．would come13．New policies, _______ to insure that compulsory education is truly free, ________ by the local government across China since the start of school on September 1. A．intending; have been made known B．intended; have been made known C．intending; are made known D．intended; had made known14．A Chinese proverb has it that a tower is built when soil on earth _________, and a river is formed when streams come together.A．accumulates B．accelerates C．collapses D．loosens15．Jane realized her ____ to become the first woman to run the 10,000 metres within 30 minutes.A．achievement B．commitmentC．competition D．ambition16．Martin Luther King, Jr. put it that peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means _____we arrive at that goal.A．that B．where C．by which D．with which17．—Are you ready to leave?—Almost, I’ll be ready to go just as soon as I ________ putting the clean dishes away. A．get through B．give upC．carry out D．set about18．People from all walks of life are eager for success, _______ lack of confidence, however, is a great barrier.A．where B．whichC．to which D．beyond which19．It is so difficult a question_______ none of the kids could work it out.A．as B．that C．which D．X20．Try to be independent, for your parents can't do ________ for you all your life. A．something B．nothingC．everything D．anything第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。