中医英语课后习题答案1至15课李照国,张庆荣

中医英语课后答案3-4课李照国一.术语翻译1. philosophical concept2. mutual transformation3. balance of yin and yang4. transformation between yin and yang5. extreme cold turning into heat6. pathological changes7. absolute predominance8. general rule of pathogenesis9. supplementing what it lacks of10. eliminating wind and dispersing cold 11. mutually inhibiting and promoting 12. mutually inhibiting and restraining 13. interdependence14. excess of yin leading to decline of yang 15. contrary and supplementary to each other 16. organic whole17. impairment of yang involving yin 18. deficiency of both yin and yang 19. deficiency cold syndrome20. suppressing yang and eliminating wind一.句子翻译1. Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2. Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.3. The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4. The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5. The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6. Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7. Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8. Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.9. Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10. Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates change.11. Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12. Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13. If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.14. No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.15. The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.16. If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17. Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.18. The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.19. The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20. Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一.术语翻译1. the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2. free development3. to be generated and to generate4. restraint in generation5. Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing. 8. over restriction and counter-restriction9. Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient. 10. promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation 11. disorder ofa mother-organ involving its child-organ12. insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13. blood deficiency in the heart and liver 14. exuberant fire in the heart 15. insufficiency of liver yin 16. declination of kidney yang17. weakness of the spleen and stomach18. soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 19. insufficiency of kidney yin 20. balance between water and fire二.句子翻译1. Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.2. The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.3. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4. The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5. The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6. The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7. Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8. Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.9. Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak. 10. When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal. 11. Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire. 12. The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13. The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14. The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15. The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body.16. Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17. The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restrictio and counter-restriction.18. The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.19. Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods. 20. The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of further improvement.。

English Translation of TCM Medical TermsUnit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine1. traditional Chinese medicine2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment3. holism4. correspondence between man and nature5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature6. symptoms and signs7. syndrome8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism9. side-effect/ adverse-effect10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect11. diagnosis and treatment12. symptomatology13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine14.Miraculous Pivot15. Plain Questions16. Huangdi’s Internal Classic17. Treatise on Cold-damage and Miscellaneous diseases18. Compendium of Materia Medica19. A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion20.Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies21 Supplement to Essential Prescriptions for Emergencies22 Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine Unit Two Yin-yang TheoryUnit 2 Yin-yang Theory1. the opposition and unity of yin and yang2. restriction and transformation of yin and yang3. excess/ predominance of yin leading to/ causing disorder of yang and excess /predominance of yang causing disorder of yin4. interdependence of yin and yang5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.6. waning and waxing of yin and yang7. dynamic change8. quantitative change9. qualitative change10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.12. yin within yang, and yang within yin13. materialism14. dynamic balance15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang17. tissues and structure18. physiological function19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold. Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.4. healthy qi5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency7. dry-heat syndrome8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.11. differentiation according to the eight principlesUnit 4 Five Phase Theory1. five phase theory / five elements theory2. generating, generate /engendering3. restraining , restrict , restriction4 . restriction and transformation5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.11. Metal is characterized by change.12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices14. generated/ being generated generating/ to generate15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict16 .The “generating” element is thought of as the “mother”.17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ19. ecological equilibrium20. mother-child relationshipUnit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM1 The kidney stores vital essence.2. The kidney controls water metabolism.3. The heart-yang has warming function.4.The liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.5. transmission and change6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.7. excessive heart-fire8.exuberance/excess of the heart and liver fire9. nourishing the kidney and liver10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)11.flushed face and blood-shot ( red) eyes12.reinforcing method for deficiency syndrome13.reducing method for excess syndrome14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess16.Enriching water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.17.Enriching earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth is a therapeutic method used to warm kidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.19.enriching earth to control water20.supporting metal to suppress woodUnit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory1. meridian and collateral theory2. the twelve regular meridians3. the eight extra meridians4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences6. the twelve meridian sinews7. the twelve cutaneous regions8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang (BL)15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)20. Governor Vessel GV21. Conception Vessel CV22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV23. Belt Vessel BV24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV28. tertiary collaterals29. the superficial collaterals30. the convergence of yang meridians31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TV32.To have an interior-exterior relationship33.Transversely and longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.34.transporting qi and blood and regulating yin and yang35.the passage for pathogen transmission36.transmitting needling sensation37.regulating deficiency and excess conditions38.meridian tropism of herbsUnit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory1. the theory of viscera manifestations2.the five zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organs3.the heart， the liver， the spleen ，the lung， the kidney4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder and triple energizers5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus7. the dysfunction of viscera8. the meridians and collaterals9. the interior-exterior relationship10. to transport and digest water and food11. The kidney stores vital essence.12. The liver stores blood.13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.15. receiving16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.17. syndrome differentiation and treatment18. The internal organs are bound to give outward manifestations.19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A)1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of2. opening into3 having its outward manifestation on / flourishing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/ reflected on4.The heart controls blood and vessels.5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.6 the insufficiency of the heart blood7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.8. rosy complexion9. Liver qi is in communication with the eyes.10. disharmony between the liver and spleen11. The liver stores blood.12. the liver-qi invading the stomach13. stagnation of liver-qi14. innate essence15. acquired essence16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.18. The deficiency of kidney essence19. metabolism20. insomniaUnit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B)1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.5. the lung regulating the water passages6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending7. The lung opens at the nose.8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.9. the upper source of water10. external pathogenic factors11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.12. food essence13. governing transportation and transformation14. The spleen controls blood.15. The spleen dominates the muscles.16. the four extremities17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips18. source of qi and blood19. haemorrhage20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomachUnit 10 The relationships among the Zang and Fu organs1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces6. asthmatic cough7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”, 10. The urinary bladder governs storing an d excreting urine.11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder12. The bladder has the power to control urination.13. urinary incontinence14. frequent urination stagnation of heat15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.18. consumption of body fluid19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice20. separating the clear from the turbidUnit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality2. primordial qi3. pectoral qi4. nutrient/nourishing qi5. defensive qi6. qi transformation7. functional activities of qi8. innate/congenital essence9. congenital deficiency10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors13. Qi dominates warmth .14. Qi produces blood.15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.19. acquired essence20. consolidating function of qi21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.Unit 12 Etiology1. etiology2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)3. six natural factors4. vaccination5. a life long immunity6. improper diet7. parasitology8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.11.Excessive thought impairs the spleen.12.Excessive sorrow impairs the lung.13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.14. unhygienic diet15. physical overstrain16. mental overstrain17.sexual overstrain18. maladjustment of work and rest19. incised wound20. phlegm-fluid retention21.impeded flow of blood22.internal cause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens23 trauma24. artificial immunityUnit 13 Pathogenesis external.1. pathogenesis2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome4 complicated syndrome of excess and deficiency5. excess complicated with deficiency6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome13. mutual consumption of yin and yang14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang15. mutual rejection between yin and yang16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms19. depletion of yin and yang20. disorder of functional activities of qiUnit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics1. diagnostics2. clinical diagnosis3. diagnostic methods4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation5. complexion6. constitution/physique7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)8. secretion (secreta)9. excretion (excreta)10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)11. past history (PH)12. chief complaint (CC)13. duration(course) of disease14. menstruation/ menses15. leucorrhea16. pregnancy and delivery of baby17. auscultation and olfaction18. palpation and pulse-taking19. to survey hard mass/lump20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation22. visceral syndrome differentiation23.six-meridian syndrome differentiation24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation26. concept of holism27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation29. differential diagnosis30. pathological and physiological characteristics31. location of disease nature of diseaseUnit 17 TCM Life Cultivation1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation2. adaptation to nature3.harmony between man and nature4.adaptation to seasons5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.6. conforming to geography7. conforming to society8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.9. unity of physique and spirit10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physique11.interdependence of motion and motionlessness12. healthy qi as the base13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring14.five emotions15. health and longevity16.holism17. life cultivation and health care18. tissues and organs19. lost spirit20. regulation of the mindUnit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals1. Chinese materia medica2. pharmacology3. four natures /properties and five flavors4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug5. clearing heat and purging fire6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances7. dispersing cold8. warming up the interior9. supporting/reinforcing yang10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs16. relieving spasm and pain17. constipation due to dry intestine18. astringing to arrest discharge19. sending down adverse flow of qi20. relieving constipation by purgation21. softening and resolving hard mass22. exterior wind-heat syndrome23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking24. inducing vomiting25. checking exuberance of yang26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)27. tranquilization with heavy material28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang31. modification according to symptoms32. texture33. processing drugs34. compatibility35. meridian tropism36. toxicity37 toxic38. slightly toxic39. extremely poisonous40. deadly poisonous41. dose (一次量) ； dosage42. obstinate disease43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another44. Chinese patent drug45. ingredients and actions46. indications47. administration and dosage48. contraindications49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect50. expiry to/ validityUnit 19 Science of Formulas1. theory of prescriptions2. common forms of prescriptions/formula3. routes of administration4.the functions of the formula5. oral administration6. fumigation and steaming ； gargling7. porwder8. taken orally with warm boiled water9. sprinkling on a sore10. bolus11. drug aromatic in flavor12. honeyed bolus.word格式.13. water-paste pill. 专业.专注.。

第一课一．术语翻译1. tradi‎t iona‎l Chine‎s e medic‎i ne; TCM2. basic‎theor‎y of tradi‎t iona‎l Chine‎s e medic‎i ne3. clini‎c al exper‎i ence‎4. treat‎m ent based‎on syndr‎o me diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎5. misce‎l lane‎o us disea‎s es6. Chine‎s e pharm‎a cy7. four prope‎r ties‎and five taste‎s8. acupu‎n ctur‎e and moxib‎u stio‎n; acumo‎x9. class‎i cal Chine‎s e philo‎s ophy‎10. sweat‎i ng thera‎p y; diaph‎o resi‎s11. purga‎t ion12. vomit‎i ng thera‎p y; emeti‎c thera‎p y13. the Schoo‎l of Reinf‎o rcin‎g the Earth‎14. etiol‎o gy15. presc‎r ipti‎o n; formu‎l a16. medic‎a l pract‎i ce17. thera‎p euti‎c princ‎i ples‎18. herbs‎cold and cool in natur‎e19. nouri‎s hing‎yin and reduc‎i ng fire20. disea‎s es cause‎d by blood‎stagn‎a tion‎二．句子翻译1. TCM has a histo‎r y of thous‎a nds of years‎and is a summa‎r y of the Chine‎s e peopl‎e’s exper‎i ence‎in their‎strug‎g le again‎s t disea‎s es.2. TCM has a uniqu‎e and integ‎r ated‎theor‎e tica‎l syste‎m.3. TCM is a scien‎c e that studi‎e s the rules‎of life as well as the occur‎r ence‎,progr‎e ss, preve‎n tion‎and treat‎m ent of disea‎s es.4. Yello‎w Emper‎o r’s Canon‎of Medic‎i ne has laid a solid‎found‎a tion‎for the forma‎t ion of theor‎e tica‎l syste‎m of tradi‎t iona‎l Chine‎s e medic‎i ne.5. Class‎i c of Diffi‎c ulti‎e s has suppl‎e ment‎e d what was unadd‎r esse‎d in the Yello‎w Emper‎o r’s Canon‎of Medic‎i ne in many respe‎c ts, espec‎i ally‎in pulse‎lore.6. Discu‎s sion‎on the Cause‎s and Sympt‎o ms of Vario‎u s Disea‎s es is the earli‎e st extan‎t monog‎r aph on the cause‎s and sympt‎o ms of disea‎s es in China‎.7. Yang is usual‎l y exces‎s ive while‎yin is frequ‎e ntly‎defic‎i ent.8. Inter‎n al impai‎r ment‎of the splee‎n and stoma‎c h cause‎s vario‎u s disea‎s es.9. Compe‎n dium‎of Mater‎i a Medic‎a is recog‎n ized‎as a monum‎e ntal‎work in the histo‎r y of Chine‎s e mater‎i a medic‎a and a great‎contr‎i buti‎o n to the devel‎o pmen‎t of pharm‎a colo‎g y in the world‎.10. Tradi‎t iona‎l Chine‎s e mater‎i a medic‎a inclu‎d es not only medic‎i nal herbs‎,but also miner‎a ls and anima‎l parts‎.11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynas‎t ies, there‎appea‎r ed the so-calle‎d four great‎medic‎a l schoo‎l s.12. Zhang‎Congz‎h eng belie‎v ed that all disea‎s es were cause‎d by exoge‎n ous patho‎g enic‎facto‎r s and advoc‎a ted that patho‎g enic‎facto‎r s shoul‎d be drive‎n out by means‎of diaph‎o resi‎s, emesi‎s and purga‎t ion.13. Liu Wansu‎belie‎v ed that “fire-heat” was the main cause‎of a varie‎t y of disea‎s es and that these‎disea‎s es shoul‎d shoul‎d be treat‎e d with drugs‎cold and cool in natur‎e.14. Li Gao held that “inter‎n al impai‎r ment‎of the splee‎n and stoma‎c h would‎bring‎about‎disea‎s es” and empha‎s ized‎that the most impor‎t ant thing‎in clini‎c al treat‎m ent was to warm and invig‎o rate‎the splee‎n and stoma‎c h.15. Zhu Danxi‎belie‎v ed that “yang is usua l‎l y exces‎s ive while‎yin is frequ‎e ntly‎defic‎i ent” and advoc‎a ted the remed‎i es of nouri‎s hing‎yin and reduc‎i ng fire in treat‎m ent of disea‎s es.16. Study‎on Warm Disea‎s e is a clini‎c al speci‎a lty focus‎i ng on the occur‎r ence‎, progr‎e ss, diagn‎o sis and treat‎m ent of warm disea‎s es.17. The Schoo‎l of Warm Disea‎s e has devel‎o ped the rules‎of treat‎m ent of warm disea‎s e based‎on syndr‎o me diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎in light‎of defen‎s ive phase‎, qi phase‎,nutri‎t ive phase‎, blood‎phase‎and tripl‎e energ‎i zer.18. Wang Qingr‎e n in the late Qing Dynas‎t y corre‎c ted mista‎k es about‎anato‎m y made in ancie‎n t medic‎a l books‎and advoc‎a ted the theor‎y that disea‎s es were cause‎d by blood‎stagn‎a tion‎.19. Integ‎r ated‎tradi‎t iona‎l Chine‎s e and Weste‎r n medic‎i ne has paved‎a new way for the devel‎o pmen‎t and moder‎n izat‎i on of tradi‎t iona‎l Chine‎s e medic‎i ne.20. Great‎progr‎e ss has been made in syste‎m atic‎and exper‎i ment‎a l study‎of the basic‎theor‎y of tradi‎t iona‎l Chine‎s e medic‎i ne.第二课一．术语翻译1. five zang-organ‎s; five zang-visce‎r a2. six fu-organ‎s3. syste‎m of merid‎i ans and colla‎t eral‎s4. holis‎m5. organ‎i c whole‎n ss6. socia‎l attri‎b ute7. (of the five zang-organ‎s) open into8. sprou‎t, grow, trans‎f orm, ripen‎and store‎9. diagn‎o stic‎s10. relat‎i onsh‎i p betwe‎e n patho‎g enic‎facto‎r s and healt‎h y qi11. thera‎p euti‎c s12. commo‎n cold due to wind and cold13. diffe‎r ent thera‎p euti‎c metho‎d s used to treat‎the same disea‎s e14. the same thera‎p euti‎c metho‎d used to treat‎diffe‎r ent disea‎s es15. balan‎c e of water‎metab‎o lism‎16. clear‎i ng away heart‎fire17. natur‎e of disea‎s e18. treat‎i ng the left side for curin‎g disea‎s es locat‎e d on the right‎side19. drawi‎n g yang from yin20. treat‎i ng the lower‎part for curin‎g disea‎s es locat‎e d on the upper‎part 二．句子翻译1. The theor‎e tica‎l syste‎m of TCM is mainl‎y chara‎c teri‎z ed by holis‎m and treat‎m ent based‎on syndr‎o me diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎.2. TCM belie‎v es that the human‎body is an organ‎i c whole‎.3. The const‎i tuen‎t parts‎of the human‎body are inter‎d epen‎d ent in physi‎o logy‎and mutua‎l ly influ‎e ntia‎l in patho‎l ogy.4. The holis‎m perme‎a tes throu‎g h the physi‎o logy‎, patho‎l ogy, diagn‎o sis, syndr‎o me diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎and treat‎m ent of disea‎s es.5. Chang‎e s in the natur‎a l world‎direc‎t ly or indir‎e ctly‎influ‎e nce the human‎body.6. Qi and blood‎in the human‎body tend to flow to the exter‎i or in sprin‎g and summe‎r and to the inter‎i or in autum‎n and winte‎r.7. The heart‎opens‎into the tongu‎e and is inter‎n ally‎and exter‎n ally‎relat‎e d to the small‎intes‎t ine.8. TCM has notic‎e d that the fact that socia‎l activ‎i ty psych‎o logi‎c ally‎influ‎e nces‎human‎being‎s.9. Accor‎d ing to TCM, the body and spiri‎t coexi‎s t, inter‎a ctin‎g with each other‎and influ‎e ncin‎g each other‎.10. Yang qi in the human‎body tends‎to flow to the exter‎i or in the dayti‎m e and to the inter‎i or at night‎.11. Regio‎n al diffe‎r ence‎s, to some exten‎t, influ‎e nces‎the physi‎o logi‎c al activ‎i ties‎of the human‎body.12. Syndr‎o me is a gener‎a liza‎t ion of patho‎l ogic‎a l chang‎e s at a certa‎i n stage‎durin‎g the cours‎e of a disea‎s e.13. Treat‎m ent based‎on syndr‎o me diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎,one of the chara‎c teri‎s tics‎of TCM, is the basic‎princ‎i ple in TCM for under‎s tand‎i ng and treat‎i ng disea‎s es.14. Syndr‎o me inclu‎d es the locat‎i on, cause‎and natur‎e of a disea‎s e as well as the state‎of patho‎g enic‎facto‎r s and healt‎h y qi.15. Diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎of syndr‎o me and treat‎m ent of disea‎s e are two insep‎a rabl‎e aspec‎t s in diagn‎o sing‎and treat‎i ng disea‎s es.16. Clini‎c ally‎docto‎r s pay great‎atten‎t ion to the diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎of disea‎s es. But thera‎p euti‎c ally‎they care more about‎the diffe‎r enti‎a tion‎of syndr‎o mes becau‎s e disea‎s es can be cured‎by treat‎i ng syndr‎o mes.17. Syndr‎o me can compr‎e hens‎i vely‎and accur‎a tely‎revea‎l the natur‎e of a disea‎s e.18. Diffe‎r ent disea‎s es may demon‎s trat‎e the same syndr‎o me becau‎s e of the simil‎a rity‎in patho‎g enes‎i s.19. If the syndr‎o me of middl‎e qi sinki‎n g appea‎r s in two diffe‎r ent disea‎s es, they all can be treat‎e d by the thera‎p euti‎c metho‎d for eleva‎t ing middl‎e qi.20. The treat‎m ent of disea‎s es in TCM does not only simpl‎y conce‎n trat‎e on the diffe‎r ence‎or simil‎a rity‎of disea‎s es, but on the diffe‎r ence‎or simil‎a rity‎of patho‎g enes‎i s.第五课一．术语翻译1. 藏象学说 doctr‎i ne of visce‎r al manif‎e stat‎i ons2. 五脏六腑 five zang-organ‎s and six fu-organ‎s3. 奇恒之腑 extra‎o rdin‎a ry fu-organ‎s水谷精微 nutri‎e nts of water‎and food传化水谷 trans‎m itti‎n g and trans‎f ormi‎n g water‎and food贮藏精气 stori‎n g essen‎c e表里关系 inter‎n al and exter‎n al relat‎i onsh‎i p治疗效应 thera‎p euti‎c effec‎t s临床实践 clini‎c al pract‎i ce藏而不泻 stora‎g e witho‎u t disch‎a rge泻而不藏 disch‎a rge witho‎u t stora‎g e形体诸窍 physi‎c al build‎and vario‎u s orifi‎c es开窍(of five zang-organ‎s) open into精神情志 spiri‎t and emoti‎o ns心藏神 the heart‎stori‎n g spiri‎t肺藏魄 the lung stori‎n g corpo‎r eal soul肝藏魂 the liver‎stori‎n g ether‎e al soul脾藏意 the splee‎n stori‎n g consc‎i ousn‎e ss肾藏志 the kidne‎y stori‎n g will其华在面 the luste‎r manif‎e stin‎g upon the face二．句子翻译1. 藏象学说是‎研究人体各‎个脏腑的生‎理功能、病理变化及‎相互关系的‎学说。

中医英语课后答案1-2课李照国第一课一.术语翻译1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3. clinical experience4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation5. miscellaneous diseases6. Chinese pharmacy7. four properties and five tastes8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9. classical Chinese philosophy10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis11. purgation12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth14. etiology15. prescription; formula16. medical practice17. therapeutic principles18. herbs cold and cool in nature19. nourishing yin and reducing fire20. diseases caused by blood stagnation二.句子翻译1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people s experience in their struggle against diseases.2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.4. Yellow Emperor s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8. Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.9. Compendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts.11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12. Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were causedby exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13. Liu Wansu believed that fire-heat was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature. 14. Li Gao held that internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15. Zhu Danxi believed that yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17. The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18. Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一.术语翻译1. five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2. six fu-organs3. system of meridians and collaterals4. holism5. organic wholenss6. social attribute7. (of the five zang-organs) open into8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9. diagnostics10. relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11. therapeutics12. common cold due to wind and cold13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15. balance of water metabolism16. clearing away heart fire17. nature of disease18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19. drawing yang from yin20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二.句子翻译1. The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized byholism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3. The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4. The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7. The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10. Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.11. Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.15. Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16. Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17. Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.。

中医英语基础教程课后习题English Translation of TCM Medical Terms Unit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine1. traditional Chinese medicine2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment3. holism4. correspondence between man and nature5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature6. symptoms and signs7. syndrome8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism9. side-effect/ adverse-effect10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect11. diagnosis and treatment12. symptomatology13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.6. waning and waxing of yin and yang7. dynamic change8. quantitative change9. qualitative change10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.12. yin within yang, and yang within yin13. materialism14. dynamic balance15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang17. tissues and structure18. physiological function19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold.Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.4. healthy qi5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency7. dry-heat syndrome8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.11. differentiation according to the eight principlesUnit 4 Five Phase Theory1. five phase theory / five elements theory2. generating, generate /engendering3. restraining , restrict , restriction4 . restriction and transformation5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.11. Metal is characterized by change.12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices 14. generated/ being generated generating/to generate15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict16 .The “generating” element is thought ofa s the “mother”.17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ19. ecological equilibrium20. mother-child relationshipUnit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM1 The kidney stores vital essence.2. The kidney controls water metabolism.3. The heart-yang has warming function.4.The liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.5. transmission and change6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.7. excessive heart-fire8.exuberance/excess of the heart and liver fire9. nourishing the kidney and liver10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)11.flushed face and blood-shot ( red) eyes12.reinforcing method for deficiency syndrome13.reducing method for excess syndrome14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess 16.Enriching water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.17.Enriching earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth isa therapeutic method used to warmkidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.19.enriching earth to control water20.supporting metal to suppress woodUnit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory1. meridian and collateral theory2. the twelve regular meridians3. the eight extra meridians4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences6. the twelve meridian sinews7. the twelve cutaneous regions8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang(BL)15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)20. Governor Vessel GV21. Conception Vessel CV22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV23. Belt Vessel BV24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV28. tertiary collaterals29. the superficial collaterals30. the convergence of yang meridians31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TV32.To have an interior-exteriorrelationship33.Transversely and longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.34.transporting qi and blood and regulating yin and yang35.the passage for pathogen transmission36.transmitting needling sensation37.regulating deficiency and excess conditions38.meridian tropism of herbsUnit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory1. the theory of viscera manifestations2.the five zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organs3.the heart， the liver， the spleen ，the lung， the kidney4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder and triple energizers5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus7. the dysfunction of viscera8. the meridians and collaterals9. the interior-exterior relationship10. to transport and digest water and food11. The kidney stores vital essence.12. The liver stores blood.13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.15. receiving16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.17. syndrome differentiation and treatment18. The internal organs are bound to giveoutward manifestations.19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A) 1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of2. opening into3 having its outward manifestation on / flourishing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/ reflected on4.The heart controls blood and vessels.5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.6 the insufficiency of the heart blood7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.8. rosy complexion9. Liver qi is in communication with theeyes.10. disharmony between the liver and spleen11. The liver stores blood.12. the liver-qi invading the stomach13. stagnation of liver-qi14. innate essence15. acquired essence16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.18. The deficiency of kidney essence19. metabolism20. insomniaUnit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B) 1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.5. the lung regulating the water passages6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending7. The lung opens at the nose.8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.9. the upper source of water10. external pathogenic factors11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.12. food essence13. governing transportation and transformation14. The spleen controls blood.15. The spleen dominates the muscles.16. the four extremities17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips18. source of qi and blood19. haemorrhage20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomachUnit 10 The relationships among the Zang andFu organs1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces6. asthmatic cough7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”, 10. The urinary bladder governs storing and excreting urine.11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder12. The bladder has the power to control urination.13. urinary incontinence14. frequent urination stagnation of heat15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.18. consumption of body fluid19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice20. separating the clear from the turbid Unit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality2. primordial qi3. pectoral qi4. nutrient/nourishing qi5. defensive qi6. qi transformation7. functional activities of qi8. innate/congenital essence9. congenital deficiency10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors13. Qi dominates warmth .14. Qi produces blood.15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.19. acquired essence20. consolidating function of qi21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.Unit 12 Etiology1. etiology2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)3. six natural factors4. vaccination5. a life long immunity6. improper diet7. parasitology8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.11.Excessive thought impairs the spleen.12.Excessive sorrow impairs the lung.13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.14. unhygienic diet15. physical overstrain16. mental overstrain17.sexual overstrain18. maladjustment of work and rest19. incised wound20. phlegm-fluid retention21.impeded flow of blood22.internal cause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens23 trauma24. artificial immunityUnit 13 Pathogenesis external.1. pathogenesis2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome4 complicated syndrome of excess anddeficiency5. excess complicated with deficiency6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome13. mutual consumption of yin and yang14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang15. mutual rejection between yin and yang16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms19. depletion of yin and yang20. disorder of functional activities of qi Unit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics1. diagnostics2. clinical diagnosis3. diagnostic methods4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation5. complexion6. constitution/physique7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)8. secretion (secreta)9. excretion (excreta)10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)11. past history (PH)12. chief complaint (CC)13. duration(course) of disease14. menstruation/ menses15. leucorrhea16. pregnancy and delivery of baby17. auscultation and olfaction18. palpation and pulse-taking19. to survey hard mass/lump20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation22. visceral syndrome differentiation23.six-meridian syndrome differentiation24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation26. concept of holism27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation29. differential diagnosis30. pathological and physiological characteristics31. location of disease nature of disease Unit 17 TCM Life Cultivation1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation2. adaptation to nature3.harmony between man and nature4.adaptation to seasons5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.6. conforming to geography7. conforming to society8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.9. unity of physique and spirit10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physique11.interdependence of motion and motionlessness12. healthy qi as the base13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring14.five emotions15. health and longevity16.holism17. life cultivation and health care18. tissues and organs19. lost spirit20. regulation of the mindUnit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals1. Chinese materia medica2. pharmacology3. four natures /properties and five flavors4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug5. clearing heat and purging fire6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances7. dispersing cold8. warming up the interior9. supporting/reinforcing yang10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs16. relieving spasm and pain17. constipation due to dry intestine18. astringing to arrest discharge19. sending down adverse flow of qi20. relieving constipation by purgation21. softening and resolving hard mass22. exterior wind-heat syndrome23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking24. inducing vomiting25. checking exuberance of yang26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)27. tranquilization with heavy material28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang31. modification according to symptoms32. texture33. processing drugs34. compatibility35. meridian tropism36. toxicity37 toxic38. slightly toxic39. extremely poisonous40. deadly poisonous41. dose (一次量) ； dosage42. obstinate disease43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another44. Chinese patent drug45. ingredients and actions46. indications47. administration and dosage48. contraindications49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect50. expiry to/ validityUnit 19 Science of Formulas1. theory of prescriptions2. common forms of prescriptions/formula3. routes of administration4.the functions of the formula5. oral administration6. fumigation and steaming ； gargling7. porwder8. taken orally with warm boiled water9. sprinkling on a sore10. bolus11. drug aromatic in flavor12. honeyed bolus13. water-paste pill。

Lesson 11. 中国医药学有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结TCM has a history of thousand of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2. 中医学有完整独立的理论体系.TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. 中医学是研究人的生命规律以与疾病的发生、发展和防治规律的一门科学.TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of disease.4. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Internal Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.5. 《难经》在许多方面,尤其是在脉学上,补充了《皇帝内经》的不足.Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Cannon of Medicine in many respects,especially in pulse lore.6. 《诸病源侯论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著.Discussion on the causes and symptom of various diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptom ofdiseases in china.7. 阳常有余,阴常不足.Yang is usually excessive while Yin is frequently deficiency.8. 内伤脾胃,百病由生.Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.9. 《本草纲目》是中药学史上的不朽著作,并对世界药学的发展做出了伟大的贡献.pendium of Materia Medica <Bencao Gangmu > is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese material medical and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10. 中药不但包含草药,而且包含矿物药和动物药等.Traditional Chinese material medical includes not only herbs but also mineral and animal drugs.11. 金元时期出现了后世称为"金元四大家"的医学流派.In the jin and yuan dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12. 刘宗素认为"火热"为主要病因,用药以寒凉为主.Liu WangSu believed that "five-heat" was the main cause of a variety of disease and these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.13. 刘暠主张治疗疾病以温补脾胃为主,被称为"补土派"LinGao emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach, so his theory was known as the "school of Reinforcing the Earth".14. 朱丹溪治病以滋阴降火为主,被称为"养阴派"Zhu Zengheng advocated the remedies of nourishing Yin and reducing fire in treatment of disease, so his theory was known as the "school of nourishing Yin"15. 温病是研究四时温病的发生、发展规律与其诊治方法的一门临床科学Study on Warm Disease is a clinic specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of Warm Diseases.16. 温病学派创立了以卫气营血和三焦为核心的温病辨证论治规范.The school of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of Warm Disease based onsyndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase , nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.17. 王清任改正了古医学在人体解剖方面的错误,并倡导瘀血致病的理论Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stasis.18. 中医学结合为中医的发展与现代化开辟了一条心途径.Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.19. 中医基础理论系统化和实验研究取得了快速的进展.Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory oftraditional Chinese medicine.Lesson21. 中医理论体系有两个基本特点：一是整体观念,二是辨证论治.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome.2. 中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体TCM believes that the human body is organic whole.3. 人体各个组成部分在功能上相互为用,在病理上相互影响The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4. 整体观念贯穿于中医生理、病理、诊法、辩证和治疗的各个方面The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnostics, syndrome differentiation and therapeutics.5. 自然界的变化又可以直接或间接地影响人体.Change in the natural world directly and indirectly influence the human body.6. 人的气血春夏趋向于表,秋冬趋向里Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7. 心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related the small intestine.8. 中医认识到社会活动对心理的影响TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human being.9. 中医强调形神共存,互用并相互影响.According to TCM, the body and spirit co-exist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10. 人体阳气白天多趋向于表,夜晚多趋向于里.Yang Qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior atnight.11. 地区气候的差异在一定程度上也影响着人体的生理活动.Regional difference, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.12. 证是机体在疾病发展过程中的某一阶段的病理概括.Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changed at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13. 辨证论治是中医认识疾病和治疗疾病的基本原则,也是中医的基本特点之一.Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basicprinciple in TCM forunderstanding and treating diseases.14. 证包括了病变的部位、原因、性质、以与邪正关系.Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease, as well as the state of pathogenic factors and health qi.15. 辩证和论治是诊治疾病过程中相互联系不可分割的两个方面.Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16. 临床中医注重辨病,但更注重辩证,从而通过治证来治疗疾病Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases, but therapeutically they care more about thedifferentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17. 证能更全面、跟正确的揭示疾病的本质Syndrome can prehensively and accurately reveal the nature of disease.18. 不同的疾病可因相同的病机而出现相同的证.Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19. 如果两种疾病表现出相同的中气下陷证,就均可用升提中气的方法治疗.If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method forelevating middle qi.20. 中医治病不是单纯注重病之异同,而是病机之异同.The treatment of disease in TCM does not only simple concentration the difference or similarity of disease, but on thedifference or similarity of pathogenesis.Lesson 31. 阴阳中国古代哲学的一对范畴Yin and Yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2. 阴阳是自然界相互关联的某些事物和现象对立双方的概括Yin and Yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomenal in nature.3. 宇宙间一切事物的发生、发展和变化都是阴阳对立矛盾运动的结果.The formation development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of Yin and Yang thatoppose to each other and unite with each other.4. 天气轻清故属阳,地气重浊故属阴.The celestial qi pertain to Yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertain to Yin because it is heavy and turbid.5. 阴阳相互制约的过程就是相互消长的过程.The course of mutual restrain and inhibition between Yin and Yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6. 没有因也就无以言阳,没有阳亦无以言阴. Yin cannot exit alone without Yang and vice versa.7. 阴阳离绝,经气乃绝.Separation of Yin and Yang results in exhausting of essence.8. 只有不断的消长平衡,才能推动事物的发展.Only through constant reduction, promotion and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.9. 在一定条件下,那样可以各自向其反得方向发展.Under given condition, either Yin or Yang may transform into its counterpart.10．物生谓之化,物极谓之变.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates changes.11 人生有形,不离阴阳. Yin and Yang are indispensable to the human body.12 功能属于阳,物质属于阴.Function pertain to Yang while substances to Yin.13. 如果阴阳不能相互为用而分离,人的生命也就终止了.If Yin and Yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.14. 无论疾病的病理变化如何复杂,都不外乎阴阳的偏盛偏衰No matter how plicated pathological changes of adisease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of Yin and Yang.15. 正气指整个机体的结构与功能,包括人体对疾病的抵抗力.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of body, including body resistance against diseases.16 机体阴阳的任何一方虚损到一定程度,必然导致另一方的不足. If any part of the body, either Yin or Yang, becausedeficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17 疾病发生、发展的内在原因在于阴阳失调.Imbalance between Yin and Yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.18 从色泽的明暗,可以辨别病情的阴阳属性.Manifestations of plexion can tell whether a disease pertains to Yin or Yang in nature. 19 治疗的基本原则是补其不足,泄其有余.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20 只有选用适用的药物,才能收到良好的疗效.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.Lesson 41. 木、火、土、金、水是不可缺少的五种最基本的物质.Wood, fire, earth, metal, and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.2. 中医理论体在形成过程中,受到古代五行学说的深刻影响.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.3. 水具有滋润和向下的特性.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.4. 肝主升而归属于土The liver pertain to wood because it controls elevation5. 脾主运化而归属于木The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6. 肾主水而归属于水The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7. 相克是指以事物对另事物的生长和功能具有抑制和制约的作用Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8. 木生火,,生我者为木；火生土,我生者为土.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.9. 相乘即以强凌弱的意思.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.10. 木过强时,既可以乘脾,又可以侮金.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11. 心阳有温煦之功能,故心属火.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12. 肝藏血以济心The fire stores blood to plement the fire.13. 肾藏精以滋养肝的阴血The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14. 子病犯母指疾病的传变从子脏传与母脏The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organ means that the disease is transmitted from achild-organ to its mother-organ.15. 人体是一个有机的整体,内脏有病可以反映到体表.The human body is an organic whole, so disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over thesurface of the body.16. 相克传变包括相乘和相侮,均属于不正常的相克.Restriction includes over restriction and counter restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17. 五行的基本属性是生,克,乘,侮.The basic relationship among the five elements are generation, restriction , over restriction and counter restriction.18. 生我者为母,我生者为子.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.19. 在临床治疗上,五行学说用来确定治疗原则和治疗方法.Clinically the doctrine of the five elements is used to decline therapeutic principle and method.20. 五行学说也有一定的局限性.The doctrine of five elements obviously has limitations and is still in need of further improvement. Lesson 51. 藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化与其相互关系色学说The theory of viscera manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations.2. 藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占极与其重要的地位.The theory of viscera manifestation plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM.3. 五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气The mon physiological function of the five Zang-organs is to transform and store essence4.六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷.The mon physiological function of the six-organs is to receive,transport and transform water and food.5.脏病多虚,腑病多实Diseases of the five Zang-organs are often of deficiency in nature,while diseases of the fu-organs are frequently of excess innature.6.脏实者可泄其腑,腑虚者可补其脏.Excess of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs while deficiency offu-organs can be treated byreinforcing the related zang-organs.7.皮肤受凉而感冒,会出现鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症状.mon cold due to invasion of cold into the skin is often characterized by stuffy nose,runningnose and cough.8.肾的精气有促进骨骼生长的作用.Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeletone.9.心与小肠相表里.The heart and the small intestine are internally and externally related to each other.10五脏与形体诸窍联接成一个整体The five Zang-organs,the body and all the orifices form an organic whole.11脾开窍于口,其华仔唇四白The spleen opens into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips.12.五脏的生理活动与精神情志密切相关The physiological functions of the five Zang-organs are closely associated with the state of spiritand mind.13五脏的生理活动统帅全身整体的生理功能The physiological functions of the five Zang-organs play a leading role in the physiological functio ns of the whole body.14.五脏生理功能之间的平衡协调时维持机体内在环境相对恒定的重要环节The normal relationship between the five Zang-organs and the body and all the orifices is key tothe relative stability of theinternal environment of the body.15.五脏与形体诸窍的联系维系着体内外环境之间的相对平衡协调The normal relationship between the five Zang-organs and the body and all the orifices maintain s the relative balance between the internal environment and external environment of the body.16.精神情志和思维意识活动的失常也会影响五脏的生理功能Disorder of spirit,emotion,and mental activities affects the physiological functions of the five Za ng-organs.17.藏象学说的形成虽有一定的古代解剖知识为基础The formation of the doctrine of viscera manifestation was,to a certain extend,based on the kn owledge of anatomy in ancient times.18有诸内,必形诸外.The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally19.藏象学说对脏腑的认识大大超越了人体解剖学的脏腑范围The knowledge about the viscera in the doctrine of manifestation has exceeded the scope of that in modern anatomy.20藏象学说中的脏腑不单纯是一个解剖学概念,而是概括了人体某一系统的生理和病理学概念.The viscera in the doctrine of manifestation are not simply anatomic concepts,but the conceptsthat are used to generalize the physiological functions and pathological changes in the whole bod y.Lesson61．心脏的主要生理功能是主血脉和主神志.The physiological function of heart is to control blood and vessels and govern the mind.2．脉是血液运行的通道The vessels are the passages in which blood flow.3．血液的正常运行必须以心气充沛,血液充盈和脉道通利为其基本的前提条件.Sufficiency heart qi,abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are prerequisite to normal circul ation of blood.4．若心有病变,可以从舌上反映出来.Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.5．肺的呼吸功能健全与否,直接影响着宗气的生成.The respiratory function of lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi.6．肺失于宣散,即可出现呼气不利、胸闷、咳喘等病理现象.Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea,chest oppression,cough and panting.. 7如果肺的通调水道功能减退,就可发生水液停聚而生痰、成饮.Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm and retai ned fluid due to stagnation of water.8肺的病变多见于鼻、喉的症状.he pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.9运化水谷即是对饮食物的消化和吸收.Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food and absorb nutrients from food.10脾失健运即脾运化水谷精微的功能减退.Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transporting a nd transforming the nutrients of water and foof,11．脾为后天之本,气血生化之源.The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production,12百病皆由脾胃衰而生也.All diseases are caused by weakness if the spleen and stomach.13肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄与主藏血.The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.14气机的郁结会导致血行与津液的输布代谢障碍.Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of body fluid.15肝血不足或肝不藏血时即可引起月经量少,甚则闭经.Insufficient blood or failure of the liver to store bloodwill cause scanty menstruation or evename norrhea,16肢体运动的能量来源权依赖于肝的藏血充足和调节血量的作用.Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enable the li mbs to get necessary energy for their movement.17肾主生长、发育、与生殖.The kidney governs growth,development and reproductions.18肾所藏得精气包括"先天之气"和"后天之气".The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.19肾的纳气功能正常则呼吸均匀和调.If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal,breath will be smooth and even.20尿液的排泄虽在膀胱,但须依赖肾的气化才能完成.Through urine is discharged from the bladder,it depends on qi transforming activity of the kidne y to acplish such a discharge.Lesson71.the gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food胆排泄胆汁于小肠以助消化食物.2.the main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile胆的主要生理功能是储存和排泄胆汁.3.胆汁由肝之精气所化生Bile is transformed from the essence in the liver4.胃的生理功能是收纳与腐熟水谷The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest water and food.5.容纳于胃中的水谷经过胃的腐熟后,下传于小肠,其精微经脾的运化而营养全身.After primary digestion,the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine,the nutrien t of the food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen.6.food is further divided into nutrient and reside after further digestion in the small intestine.饮食物经过小肠的进一步消化后分别为水谷精微和食物残渣两个部分.7.the small intestine also absorb large quantity of liquid when it absorbing nutrients from food.小肠在吸收水谷精微的同时,也吸收了大量的水液.8.the so-called"lucid"refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called"turbid"refer s to the resi de of food.9."清"指的是水谷精微,"浊"指的是食物残渣.if the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid,the ctivity of defecati on and urination will be normal.小肠的泌别清浊功能正常,则二便正常.10.the main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstufftransmitted down from thesmall intestine,absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces.大肠接受经过小肠泌别清浊后所剩下的食物残渣,再吸收其中多余的水液,形成粪便,经过肛门而排除体外.11.the gallbladder stores and discharge urine through the function of qi transformation of the ki dney.膀胱储存和排泄尿液是在肾的气化作用下完成的.12.the stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other.胃与脾相表里.13.the upper energizer functions as a sprayer.上焦如物14.the middle energizer functions as a fermentor.中焦如沤15.the low energizer functions as a drainer.下焦如渎16.the extraordinary fu-organs are morphologically similar to the fu-organs and functionally simi lar to the zang-organs.奇恒之腑形态类似于腑,功能类似于脏.17.the mon function of the six fu-organs is to transport and transform water and food and disch arge waste.六腑的共同生理功能是传化水谷,排泄糟粕.18.the intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain.人之灵机记性皆在脑中19.the brain is the house of the primordial spirit.脑为元神之府.20.the uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived.女子胞是发生月经和孕育胎儿的器官.Lesson81.Qi is the most essential substance to constitute the body.气是构成人体的最基本物质.2.Qi in the body is derived from innate qi that is transformed from the kidney essence inheritingfrom the parents,and acquired qi from both food nutrients that are transformed by the spleen an d stomach and fresh air that is inhaled by the lung.人体的气来源于秉受于父母的先天之精、饮食物中的营养物质和存在于自然界的清气.3.The innate essence depends on the essential qi stored in the kidney to take effect.先天之精依赖于肾藏精气的生理功能才能充分发挥其生理效应.4.The nutrients from water and food are transformed and absorbed through the function of the spleen and stomach in transportation and transformation.水谷精气依赖于脾胃的运化功能才能从饮食物中摄取而化生.5.Qi is a sort of refined substance with powerful activity.气是活力很强的精微物质.6.Body temperature is maintained with the warming function of qi.人体的体温是依赖气的温煦作用来维持恒定.7.In term of its defensive function,qi mainly protects the whole body and prevents exogenous p athogenic factors from invading the body.气的防御作用主要体现在护卫全身的肌表和防御外邪的入侵.8.Qi prevents blood and body fluid from losing.气对血、精液等液态物质具有防止其无故流失的作用.9.Failure of qi to control blood may lead to various kinds of bleeding.气不摄血可导致各种出血.10.Qi transformation refers to changes caused by qi movement.气化指通过其的运动而产生的各种变化.11.Qi flows all through the body to promote and stimulate various physiological functions of the body.气流行于全身而推动和激发人体的各种生理功能.12.The organs and tissues like viscera and meridians are all the places where qi ascends and des cends as well as exits from and enters into the body.人体的脏腑经络等器官组织都是气的升降出入场所.13.If qi stops ascending,descending,exiting and entering,it will lead to an end of life activities.气的升降出入运动一旦停止,也就意味着生命活动的终止和死亡.14.The primordial qi is the most essential and important qi and is the primary motive force of lif e.元气是人体最基本、最基本的气,是人体生命活动的原动力.15.Innate weakness or improper care after birth or prolonged illness will lead to deficiency anddecline of the primordial qi,and consequently causing various diseases.先天禀赋不足或后天失调,或久病损耗都会形成元气虚衰而产生种种病变.16.The thoracic qi is accumulated in the chest and functions to invigorate the heart and regulate heart rate and the rhythm ofheartbeat.宗气是积于胸中之气,具有推动心脏的搏动、调节心率和心律的功能.17.The nutritive qi es from the nutrients transformed from water and food by the spleen and sto mach.营气主要来自脾胃运化的水谷精气,由水谷精微中的精华部分所化生.18.The nutritive qi is distributed in the blood vessels and flows to the whole body as part of theblood.营气分布于血脉中,成为血液的组成部分所化生.19.The defensive qi flows outside the blood vessels with strong force and high speed.卫气运行于脉外,活动力特别强,流动很迅速.20.The nutritive qi pertains to yin because it maintains inside the body while the defensive qi d营主内守而属阴,卫主外卫而属阳.Lesson9气行则血行,气滞则血瘀normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood while stagnation of qicauses stagnation of blood气为血帅,血为气母qi manding the blood and the blood carries qi气行则水行,气滞则水滞normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of fluid while stagnation of qicauses stagnation of fluid益气固脱nourishing qi to stop collapse亡血家不可发汗sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patients suffering from hemorrhage夺血者勿汗sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage1.Qi,blood and body fluid are the basic substance for maintaining life activities.气血精液都是维持人体生命活动的基本物质2.Since qi pertain to yang because it is active in nature while the blood pertains to yin because it is static in nature,the relationship between qi and blood can be understood according to the rela tionship between Yin and Yang.从由于气性动而属阳,血性静儿属阴,所以气与血的关系可以从阴阳的相互关系来认识.3.The production of blood depends on the qi transforming activities of several viscera.血液的化生过程依赖于多个脏腑的气化作用4.The idea that qi mands the blood means that qi governs the blood and keeps it to flow inside the viscera.气摄血是指通过气的摄纳、统管等作用,使血液不致溢出脉外.5.The blood and body fluid depend on each other and transform into each other physiologically and influence each otherpathologically.血和精液在生理上具有非常密切的相互依存、相互转化的关系,在病理上也常相互影响.6.Both the blood and body fluid,pertaining to yin in nature as pared with qi,are liquid substance that nourish and moisten the body.血和精液均为液态物质,都有营养和滋润作用,与气相对而言,两者都属阴.7.f body fluid.在生产精液的过程中,脾胃之气起着决定性的作用.8.The blood is posed of fluid and nutritive qi.That is why fluid is an important of the blood.血液是由精液和营气两部分所组成,故精液在脉内是血液的重要组成部分.9.The metabolism of body fluid is characterized by opening and closing activities under the pro motion and transformation of qi.在气的推动和气化作用下,精液的代谢表现为开和合两种方式.10.The body discharges fluid through urination and sweating.人体排泄水液的途径主要是尿与汗.11.Pathologically excessive consumption of body fluid and profuse fluid oozing from the vessels will lead to emptiness of the vessels.在病理情况下,津液大量耗损,脉内的津液过多的渗出脉外,会导致血脉空虚.12.Sweating therapy cannot be used to treat patients with deficiency of blood and insufficiency of body fluid because profuse sweating will further consume body fluid.血虚之人,津液不充足,不宜发汗疗法,出汗多则津液耗损更加严重.13.The blood and body fluid not only depend on each other and transform into each other but a lso share the same source of production.That is to say that they all e from the nutrients of water and food.血与津液之间不但存在着相互依存相互转化的关系,而且他们的生成来源也相同,均是源于水谷精微.14.Metabolism of fluid depends on qi to promote and transform津液的代谢过程完全依赖于气的推动,气化作用.15.The state and flow of qi influence the movement of body fluid.气的充足与否,气机是否调畅,都会影响津液的运行.16.Clinically herbs for supplementing qi are often used together with other ones to treat patient s with blood deficiency.在临床治疗血虚的病人时,常常配合应用补气药以提高疗效.17.The production,distribution and discharge of body fluid depend on the lung,spleen,kidneyand triple energizer to transform qi.津液的生成、输布和排泄都离不开肺、脾、肾、三焦、膀胱等脏腑的气化功能.18.If qi fails to mand body fluid because of deficiency,it will lead to abnormal discharge ofurine and sweating with the manifestations of incontinence of urine,enuresis and profuse sweati ng,etc.如果气虚不能固摄津液,可导致尿与汗的异常排出,如小便多,小便失禁、遗尿、多汗.19.Qi can promote the production and flow of the blood and mand the blood,That is why it is s aid that"qi is themander of the blood"气能生血.行血、摄血,故称"气为血之帅".Lesson105.The twelve branches of meridians,which stem from the twelve regular meridians,start fromthe four limbs,run deep inthe viscera and emerge from the shallow region of the neck,十二经别是从十二经脉别出的经脉,它们分别起自四肢,循环于体腔脏腑深部,上出于颈项浅部.6.The branches of the yang meridians stem from the meridians proper run inside the body andfinally merge into the meridians proper.The branches of the yin meridians stem from the meridia ns proper,run inside the body and merge into the yang meridians that are internally and externall y related to the yin meridians.阳经的经别从本经别出而循环体内后,仍回到本经；阴经的经别从本经别出而循环于体内后,却与相表里的阳经相合.7.Collaterals can be divided into three categories,ie divergent collaterals,superficial collaterals and minute collaterals.经络可分为三类,即别络、浮络和孙络.9.According to the theory of meridians,tendons of meridians where qi of the meridians stays,ac cumulates,dissipates and associates with other parts of the body in the musculature and joints.根据经络学说,经筋是十二经脉之气"结、聚、散、络"于筋肉、关节的体系.10.Similarly pathological changes of the viscera can manifest over the surface of the body throu gh meridians.同样的,当脏腑发生病变时,也会通过经脉反应于体表.11.The plain conversation says"the liver disease is characterized by hypochondriac pain involving the lower abdomen……and lung disease is characterized by panting,cough,adverse flow of qi and pain in the shouldersand back."<<素问>>："肝病者,两肋下痛,引少腹-----肺病者,喘咳逆气肩背痛."12.Generally speaking,cough due to disorder of the lung meridian is acpanied by lung distensio n,chest oppression and pain in the superclavcular fossa;cough due to disorder of the kidney mer idian is often acpanied by throbbing sensation in the heart like being hunger and frequent fear.一般来说,肺经喘咳则兼肺胀、胸闷、缺盆中痛等；而肾经咳喘则往往心悬若肌、善恐等症相伴出现.13.The theory of meridians studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of meri dians and their relationships with the viscera.经络学说是研究人体经络的生理功能,病理变化与其脏腑相互关系的学说.。

第一单元1,临床经验clinical experience2,辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation3,四气五味four properties and five tastes4,针灸acupuncture and moxibustion5,补土派School of Reinforcing the Earth寒凉派School of cold and cool攻下派School of purgation滋阴派School of nourishing yin6,治疗原则therapeutic principles7,寒凉药物herbs cold and cool8,中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。

TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases9, 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。

Hang di’s Inner Canon has laid a foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.10, 阳常有余，阴常不足。

Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.11,金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。

In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called “four great physicians ”in medical school.12, 刘完素认为“火热”为主要病因，用药以寒凉为主。

中医英语课后答案第9课李照国推荐文章营养与食品卫生学词汇中英对照热度：Adam'sapple喉结的英语解释热度：泌尿外科学的介绍热度：传染性疾病词汇大全热度：病情用英语怎么说热度：中医是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为中华的繁荣昌盛做出了极大的贡献。

如今，中医和西医都被世界各地的医生用来治疗疾病。

中医，以其独特的诊断手法、悠久的历史和显著的疗效被用来医治各种癌症和重大疾病。

下面是店铺整理的中医英语课后答案第9课，以供大家学习参考。

第九课一.术语翻译1. qi promoting the production of blood2. qi promoting the flow of blood3. qi commanding blood4. blood carrying qi5. blood generating qi6. qi promoting the production of body fluid7. qi promoting the flow of body fluid8. qi commanding body fluid 9. body fluid carrying qi10. body fluid generating qi11. body fluid and blood sharing the same origin12. exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid13. exhaustion of qi due to hemorrhage14. loss of qi due to profuse sweating15. Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood while stagnation of qi causes stagnation of blood.16. Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.17. Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of body fluid whilestagnation of qi causes stagnation of body fluid.18. nourishing qi to stop collapse19. Sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patients suffering from hemorrhage.20. Sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage.二.句子翻译1. Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances for maintaining life activities.2. Since qi pertains to yang because it is active in nature while the blood pertains to yin becauseit is static in nature, the relationship between qi and the blood can be understood according to the relationship between yin and yang.3. The production of blood depends on the qi transforming activities of several viscera.4. The idea that qi commands the blood means that qi governs the blood and keeps it to flow inside the vessels.5. The blood and body fluid depend on each other and transform into each other physiologically and influence each other pathologically.6. Both the blood and body fluid, pertaining yin in nature as compared with qi, are liquid substances that nourish and moisten the body.7. The spleen and stomach play an important role in the production of body fluid.8. The blood is composed of fluid and nutritive qi. That is why fluid is an important part of the blood.9. The metabolism of body fluid is characterized by opening and losing activities under the promotion and transformation ofqi.10. The body discharges fluid through urination and sweating.11. The body fluid transforms into qi, the mechanism of which is the same as that of the blood in generating qi.12. Pathologically excessive consumption of body fluid and profuse fluid oozing from the vessels will lead to emptiness of the vessels.13. Sweating therapy cannot be used to treat patients with deficiency of blood and insufficiency of body fluid because profuse sweating will further consume body fluid.14. The blood and body fluid not only depend on each other and transform into each other, but also share the same source of production. That is to say that they all come from the nutrients of water and food.15. Metabolism of fluid depends on qi to promote and transform.16. The state and flow of qi influence the movement of body fluid.17. Clinically herbs for supplementing qi are often used together with other ones to treat patients with blood deficiency.18. The production, distribution and discharge of body fluid depend on the lung, spleen, kidney and triple energizer to transform qi.19. If qi fails to command body fluid because of deficiency, it will lead to abnormal discharge of urine and sweating with the manifestations of incontinence of urine, enuresis and profuse sweating, etc.20. Qi can promote the production and flow of the blood and command the blood. That is why it is said that “qi is t hecommander of the blood”.。

中医英语课后答案1、2、5、6、7练习答案第一课一．术语翻译1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3. clinical experience4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation5. miscellaneous diseases6. Chinese pharmacy7. four properties and five tastes 8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox 9. classical Chinese philosophy 10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis11. purgation12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy 13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth 14. etiology15. prescription; formula 16. medical practice 17. therapeutic principles 18. herbs cold and cool in nature 19. nourishing yin and reducing fire 20. diseases caused by blood stagnation 二．句子翻译1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.4. Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore.6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8. Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.9. Compendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in thehistory of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts.11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12. Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.13. Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature. 14. Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases” and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15. Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17. The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18. Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. 第二课一．术语翻译1. five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2. six fu-organs3. system of meridians and collaterals4. holism5. organic wholenss6. social attribute7. (of the five zang-organs) open into 8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store 9. diagnostics10. relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi 11. therapeutics12. common cold due to wind and cold13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases 15. balance of water metabolism 16. clearing away heart fire 17. nature of disease18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19. drawing yang from yin20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part 二．句子翻译1. The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3. The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4. The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7. The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10. Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.11. Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.15. Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16. Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.17. Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature ofa disease. 18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi. 20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simplyconcentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis. 第五课一．术语翻译1. 藏象学说 doctrine of visceral manifestations2. 五脏六腑 five zang-organs and six fu-organs3. 奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu-organs 水谷精微 nutrients of water and food传化水谷 transmitting and transforming water and food 贮藏精气storing essence表里关系 internal and external relationship 治疗效应 therapeutic effects 临床实践 clinical practice 藏而不泻 storage without discharge 泻而不藏 discharge without storage形体诸窍 physical build and various orifices。