Unit1 Great scientists 知识讲解 过去分词作表语和定语 (2)
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§语法归纳过去分词作表语和定语1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系:一是及物动词表被动意义(或已完成的被动动作);二是不及物动词表示完成意义。
an organized trip有组织的旅行(被动)The question discussed was very important.被讨论的问题非常重要。
(即表被动又表完成)boiled water开水(完成)fallen leaves落叶(完成)(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,有时也放在被修饰的名词之后。
My friend is a returned student.我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
The excited people rushed into the hall.激动的人们冲进大厅。
There is no time left.没有多少时间了。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
Is there anything planned for tonight?=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?今晚安排了什么活动没有?The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的,讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。
2.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态(用作表语的过去分词大多已形容词化)。
过去分词作表语和定语编稿:牛新阁审稿:王春霞概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子:1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(inspired过去分词作表语;exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. (determined过去分词作表语)6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词,句1(inspired)、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语;而句1(exposed)、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词,作定语。
那么过去分词是什么?有什么作用?我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
高二英语Unit1 Great Scientists知识精讲人教实验版一. 本周教学内容:必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists1. 重点单词短语用法讲解2. 课文难点句解析二. 知识总结与归纳:单元内容简介:(一)主题:本单元中心话题是:如何进行科学研究与科学家的贡献(二)本单元涉及到的语法现象:过去分词短语作定语和表语三. 重点讲解与归纳:(一)重点单词与短语:1. Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出了“黑洞”的理论?put forward提出;建议;推荐①Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗?②He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。
③It’s an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。
put 相关短语2. Draw a conclusion.得出结论。
1)conclusion(1)conclusion作名词,意为“结束,结论”。
例如:At the conclusion of the ceremony在仪式终了时(2)conclusion相关短语It is premature to make that conclusion.A. They showed little inclination to try conclusions with escaping raiders.B. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.①It is premature to make that conclusion.作出那种结论仍为时过早。
语法·剖析分词的概念分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语或是状语等。
分词有两种,一种是现在分词,一种是过去分词。
这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同,主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。
过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征.过去分词的定语和表语功能定语表“完成”或“被动”boiled water开水fallenleaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳selectedapples 精选苹果spoken English英语口语icedbeer冰镇啤酒cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆条单个的过去分词作定语时,一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例),也可以放在所修饰词语的后面.Hurry up,there is only a little time left。
快点,时间不多了。
If you wish everything changed,pleasesay so.你如果希望改变一切,请说明。
Near the window,there is a bookshelf filledwith many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗户,有一个装满书的书架。
Her daughter,brought up by me(=who was broughtup by me)has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。
When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴.My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。
(状态)My glasses were broken by my son。
过去分词作表语和定语编稿:牛新阁审稿:王春霞概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子:1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(inspired过去分词作表语;exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. (determined过去分词作表语)6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词,句1(inspired)、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语;而句1(exposed)、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词,作定语。
那么过去分词是什么?有什么作用?我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
济宁市第一中学林翠菊李雯张学敏刘玉东邵长云孔庆民
第一步作业检查
第二步查找探究(双人活动)
第三步理解归纳(四人小组活动)
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。
它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。
下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。
一、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
a类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
b类:完成意义:
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、后置定语
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀?
二、作表语
过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。
例如:
he seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。
常见的作表语的过去分词有:
注:过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。
分词作表语表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示被动的动作。
例如:
my glasses are broken. 我的眼镜碎了。
(状态)。
过去分词作表语和定语编稿:牛新阁审稿:王春霞概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子:1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(inspired过去分词作表语;exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. (determined过去分词作表语)6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词,句1(inspired)、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语;而句1(exposed)、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词,作定语。
那么过去分词是什么?有什么作用?我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
过去分词作表语和定语
编稿:牛新阁审稿:王春霞
概念引入
今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子:
1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
(inspired过去分词作表语;exposed过去分词作定语)
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
(terrified过去分词作定语)
3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
(interested 过去分词作表语)
4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
(affected过去分词作定语)
5. He was determined to find out why. (determined过去分词作表语)
6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
(polluted过去分词作定语)
上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词,句1(inspired)、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语;而句1(exposed)、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词,作定语。
那么过去分词是什么?有什么作用?我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解
英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为:不定式(to do)、动词-ing 形式(doing)和过去分词(done)。
动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词:现在分词强调动作,如 a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作,而且此动作正在进行,与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系(即sleeping的动作是boy做的),因此是现在分词作定语;而a sleeping bag中的sleeping 强调功能,表示“用来睡觉的”,是动名词作定语。
过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成,但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。
本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。
过去分词的作用:
1. 与助动词一起构成谓语:
1)过去分词与have/ has/ had一起构成完成时,如:
Have you ever been to abroad before? 你以前出过国吗?(现在完成时)
The roads were full of people. We hadn’t thought of that. (过去完成时)
路上到处都是人。
我们之前没有想到这一点。
2)过去分词与be动词一起构成被动语态。
Will the goods be delivered to us on time? 这些货物能按时交付给我们吗?
These books are not intended for children. 这些书不是为孩子们设计的。
2. 非谓语动词用法
作为非谓语动词在句子中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
1)作表语:
I am awfully worried, because Daddy is ill.我很着急,因为爸爸病了。
2)作定语:
She had a worried look on her face. 她满面愁容。
3)作宾语补足语:
She wanted the work finished by Friday. 她要求这工作星期五前完成。
4)作状语:
They came in, followed by their wives. 他们走了进来,妻子们跟随在后。
Convinced that they were trying to poison her, she refused to eat anything.
她认为他们想毒害她,便拒绝吃任何东西。
过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语的位置
单个过去分词作定语时,多放在被修饰词前,而分词短语多放在被修饰词后。
Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism. 马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。
The play put on by the teachers was a big success. 老师们表演的戏很成功。
注意:有些单个的过去分词,习惯上要放在被修饰词后面;过去分词如果修饰代词时,也多放在被修饰词后。
There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩下的时间不多了,我们赶快吧。
He is one of those invited. 他是被邀请的人之一。
2. 过去分词作定语时的意义:
首先我们研究一下这些例句:
【高清课堂:Unit 1语法精讲作定语 12:16-20:38】
1)She had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有担心的表情。
2)The frightened horse ran away from the fire. 恐惧的马逃离了大火。
3)She had confused feelings about him. 她对他的感觉有点迷惑。
4)He wore an embarrassed expression. 他一副尴尬的表情。
句1)中worried修饰“look(表情)”。
也许你还记得老师说过:物时要用-ing形式,人就用-ed形式,初中时老师会这样讲,如:
I’m interested in the book.
The book is interesting.
但是在高中,我们就要思考、分析一下,因为有时事物也会用-ed,而人也可能用-ing。
注意句1),凡是“表情(look/ expression)”一定都是“由里向外”发出的,如:我高兴------pleased look
我满意------ satisfied look
我担忧------worried look
也就是说,自己由里而外的感觉要用-ed的形式。
什么时候人可能用-ing形式呢?如:
看到一个可爱的男孩儿跑过来了,我们可以说:The boy is interesting. 再如:
She is frightened. -----表示“She”胆子小,很害怕,是内部的感觉;但是如果“She”长得像个妖怪呢?就该是“She is frightening.”了,指的是horrible(吓人的)。
所以-ing形式是“给别人的感觉”,而-ed是内在的感觉。
这是常考的易错点。