China's meat and grain imports during 2000–2012 and beyond： A comparative perspective

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷83(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：【F1】 It is the world's fourth-most-important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice, which provides more calories, more quickly, using less land and in a wider range of climates than any other plant. It is, of course, the potato. The United Nations has declared 2008 the International Year of the Potato. It hopes that greater awareness of the merits of potatoes will contribute to the achievement of its Millennium Development Goals, by helping to alleviate poverty, improve food security and promote economic development. It is always the international year of this or month of that.【F2】But the potato's unusual history means it is well worth celebrating by readers of The Economist because the potato is intertwined with economic development, trade liberalisation and globalisation. Unlikely though it seems, the potato promoted economic development by underpinning the industrial revolution in England in the 19th century. It provided a cheap source of calories and was easy to cultivate, so it liberated workers from the land. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, as people there specialised in livestock farming and domestic industry, while farmers in the south(where the soil was more suitable)concentrated on wheat production.【F3】By a happy accident, this concentrated industrial activity in the regions where coal was readily available, and a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role". The potato promoted free trade by contributing to the abolition of Britain's Corn Laws—the cause which prompted the founding of The Economist in 1843. The Corn Laws restricted imports of grain into the United Kingdom in order to protect domestic wheat producers.【F4】 Landowners supported the laws, since cheap imported grain would reduce their income, but industrialists opposed them because imports would drive down the cost of food, allowing people to spend more on manufactured goods. Ultimately it was not the eloquence of the arguments against the Corn Laws that led to their abolition—and more' s the pity. It was the tragedy of the Irish potato famine of 1845, in which 1 million Irish perished when the potato crop on which they subsisted succumbed to blight.【F5】 The need to import grain to relieve the situation in Ireland forced the government, which was dominated by landowners who backed the Corn Laws, to reverse its position. This paved the way for liberalisation in other areas, and free trade became British policy. As the Duke of Wellington complained at the time, "rotten potatoes have done it all."（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：在世界的粮食作物中，它的重要性仅次于玉米、小麦和稻谷。

中国出口商品英语词汇粮油食品类 cereals,oils and foodstuffs化工产品类 chemical products土畜产类 native produce &animal by-products 机械产品类 machinery products纺织丝绸类 textiles and silks仪器产品类 instrumental products轻工业产品类 light industrial products五金矿产类 metals & minerals工艺品类 arts and crafts技术出口类 technology exports医药类 medicines and drugs粮油食品类粮谷(cereals)肉食(meats)蛋品(eggs and egg products)豆类(beans and peas)水果(fruits)蔬菜(vegetables)油籽(oilseeds)罐头(canned goods)酒(wines,beers and liquors)油品(oils)软饮料(soft drinks)糖果(confectioneries)糖(sugar)饼干(biscuits)奶制品(dairy product)米制品(rice product)面制品(flour product)方便食品(convenient foods)花生制品(groundnut products)调味品(condiments)盐(salts)杂项食品(miscellaneos products)饲料(feedstuffs)土畜产品土产品（native products）工业原料（industrial raw materials）畜产制品（animal by-products）纺织丝绸类原料类（raw materials）半成品（semi-manufactured goods）成品（manufactured goods）轻工业产品类日用百货（general merchandise）鞋（footwears）塑料制品（plastic articles）箱包及皮件（suitcase,bags and leather products）纸张（paper）纸制品（paper products）文教用品（stationery）体育用品（sports goods）西洋乐器（western musical instruments）中国民族乐器（chinese musical instruments）玩具（toys）照相及电影器材（photographic and cinemato graphic supplies）家用电器（household electrieal appliance）建筑材料（building materials）玻璃器皿（glasswares）厨具（kitchen wares）工艺品类玉制品（jade products)珠玉等（percious stones,etc)手袋（handbag)手套（gloves)帽（headwears)伞（umbrella)家具（furnitures)瓷器（porcelain wares)编织品（weaved and knited products)扇（fan)画（painting and picture)工艺品（arts and crafts)机械类产品机床（machines tools）动力机械及设备（power machines and equipments）轻纺机械（machinery for light industry and textile industry）石油化工机械（petro—chemical machinery）印刷机械（machinery for printing industry）粮食加工机械（cereals processing machines）食品加工机械（foodstuff making machines）成套工业设备（complete industrial equipments）运输机械（transport machinery）拖拉机及辅助设备（tractors and auxiliary equipments）其它农业机械（other and agricultural machines）工具和农具（tools and agricultural implements）杂项机械（miscellaneous machinery）仪器产品类光学仪器（optical instruments)电子仪器（electronic instruments)分析仪器（analytical instruments)通讯设备（communication equipments)仪器仪表和电子元件（nuclear instruments and computers) 核子仪器和计算机（nuclear instruments and computers) 实验室仪器（laboratory instruments)医疗仪器（medical instruments)化工仪器及其它（chemical apparatus and others)自动化控制仪表（automation control instruments)电工仪表（electric instruments)材料试验机（material testing machines)示教仪器（educational instruments and equipments)其它仪器（other instruments)五金矿产类非金属矿产品和制品<（non-metallic minerals & products) 建筑五金及制品（building harware&metal products)耐火材料(refractory material)铸铁制品（cast iron products)非金属建筑材料(non-metallic building materials)铜、铝制品（brass,copper&aluminium product)有色金属（non-ferrous metals)技术出口类生产技术（technology for producing)研究、方法（research method)材料（materials)其它（others)成套设备和技术装置（complete sets&equipments)新工艺和生产线（new process&production line)医药类药材（crude drugs)西药（western medicines)中国医药保健品（chinese medicines&health produts)化工产品类原油及石油产品（crude oil&petroleum products)橡胶及橡胶制品、乳胶制品（rubber&rubber products,latex products)无机化工原料（inorganic chemicals)化学试剂（chemical reagents)有机化工原料（organic chemicals)其它产品（miscellaneous products)染料、颜料、油漆、油墨、农药、塑料（dyestuffs pigments paints printing inks pesticides plastics)。

四级英语作文关于粮食问题Possible version:The Importance of Tackling the Grain Issue。

As the most populous country in the world, China faces a daunting challenge of feeding its 1.4 billion people. Despite remarkable achievements in agricultural modernization, the country still has to rely heavily on grain imports to meet the growing demand for food. Meanwhile, the global grain market is volatile and vulnerable to various factors, such as climate change, trade disputes, and pandemics. Therefore, it is crucial for China to address the grain issue with a strategic and sustainable approach.Firstly, China needs to enhance its domestic grain production capacity. This requires not only investing in advanced technologies and infrastructure, but also improving the efficiency and quality of farming practices.For instance, precision agriculture, which uses sensors, drones, and artificial intelligence to optimize crop growth and reduce waste, can significantly increase yields and reduce costs. Moreover, China should encourage more young people to engage in agriculture and provide them withbetter education and training opportunities. This can not only revitalize the rural areas and narrow the urban-rural gap, but also ensure the future of food security.Secondly, China should diversify its sources of grain imports and reduce its dependence on a few countries. This can be achieved by expanding trade partnerships with more countries, especially those with complementary advantagesin agriculture and trade. For example, China can import more soybeans from Brazil, wheat from Canada, and rice from Thailand, instead of relying mainly on the United States. Moreover, China should also increase its investment in foreign farmlands and agribusinesses, as well asparticipate more actively in global food governance and cooperation.Thirdly, China should promote sustainable and healthydiets among its population. This not only benefits the health and well-being of individuals, but also reduces the pressure on the grain supply and the environment. For example, China can encourage more people to consume plant-based and locally grown foods, reduce food waste, and adopt eco-friendly lifestyles. Moreover, China should strengthen its food safety and quality control system, and crack down on illegal and harmful practices in the food industry.In conclusion, the grain issue is a complex and urgent problem that requires the joint efforts of the government, the private sector, and the society as a whole. By enhancing domestic production, diversifying imports, and promoting sustainable diets, China can ensure the food security of its people and contribute to the global food security and sustainability.。

中国买了很多粮食英文作文英文：China has been purchasing a significant amount of grain lately, and this trend has sparked various discussions and speculations. There are several reasons behind China's increased grain purchases. One primary reason is its large population and the consequent demand for food. With over 1.4 billion people to feed, ensuring an adequate food supply is crucial for China's stability and growth.Moreover, China's changing dietary habits also contribute to the increased demand for grain. As the Chinese population becomes more affluent, there is a growing preference for meat and dairy products, which require substantial amounts of grain for animal feed. This shift in dietary preferences further strains the country's grain supply.Furthermore, China's government often stockpiles grainsto ensure food security and stabilize prices. In times of uncertainty, such as natural disasters or geopolitical tensions, having ample grain reserves is essential to prevent food shortages and price spikes.Another factor driving China's grain purchases is its role as a major player in the global agricultural market. China's economic influence allows it to strategically purchase grains from various sources to diversify itssupply and mitigate risks associated with crop failures or trade disruptions in specific regions.Additionally, China's grain purchases can also be influenced by international trade dynamics and diplomatic relations. For example, China may increase grain imports from certain countries to strengthen bilateral ties or respond to trade agreements.Overall, China's increased grain purchases reflect its efforts to ensure food security, meet the demands of its growing population and changing dietary habits, andnavigate the complexities of the global agricultural market.中文：中国最近购买了大量粮食，这一趋势引发了各种讨论和猜测。

tpo68三篇阅读原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (5)题目 (8)答案 (15)背景知识 (17)阅读-2 (20)原文 (20)译文 (24)题目 (27)答案 (35)背景知识 (37)阅读-3 (41)原文 (41)译文 (44)题目 (47)答案 (54)背景知识 (55)阅读-1原文Salt and the Rise of Venice①The city of Venice,on Italy’s coastline,achieved commercial dominance of southern Europe during the Middle Ages largely because of its extensive trade in the valuable commodity of salt.At first,Venice produced its own salt at its Chioggia saltworks.For a time its principal competitor in the region was the town of Cervia,with Venice having the advantage because Chioggia was more productive.But Chioggia produced a fine-grained salt,so when Venetians wanted coarser salt, they had to import it.Then,in the thirteenth century,after a series of floods and storms destroyed about a third of the salt-producing ponds in Chioggia,the Venetians were forced to import even more salt.②That was when the Venetians made an important discovery.More money could be made buying and selling salt than producing it. Beginning in1281,the government paid merchants a subsidy on salt landed in Venice from other areas.As a result of this assistance, shipping salt to Venice became so profitable that the salt merchants could afford to ship other goods at prices that undersold theircompetitors.Growing fat on the salt subsidy,Venice merchants could afford to send ships to the eastern Mediterranean,where they picked up valuable cargoes of Indian spices and sold them in western Europe at low prices that their non-Venetian competitors could not afford to offer.That meant that Venetians were paying extremely high prices for salt,but they did not mind expensive salt if they could dominate the spice trade and be leaders in the grain trade.When grain harvests failed in Italy,Venice would use its salt income to subsidize grain imports from other parts of the Mediterranean and thereby corner the Italian grain market.③Unlike the Chinese salt monopoly,the Venetian government never owned salt but simply took a profit from regulating its trade.Enriched by its share of sales on high-priced salt,the salt administration could offer loans to finance other trade.Between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries,a period when Venice was a leading port for grains and spices,30to50percent of the tonnage of imports to Venice was in salt.All salt had to go through government agencies.The salt administration issued licenses that told merchants not only how much salt they could export but also to where and at what price.The salt administration also maintained Venice’s palatial public buildings andthe complex hydraulic system that prevented the metropolis from washing away.Many of Venice’s grand statues and ornamental buildings were financed by the salt administration.④Venice carefully built its reputation as a reliable supplier,and so contracts with the merchant state were desirable.Venice was able to dictate terms for these contracts.In1250,when Venice agreed to supply Mantua and Ferrara with salt,the contract stipulated that these cities would not buy salt from anyone else.This became the model for Venetian salt contracts.As Venice became the salt supplier to more and more countries,it needed more and more salt producers from which to buy.Merchants financed by the salt administration went farther into the Mediterranean,buying salt from many distant sources. Wherever they went,they tried to dominate the supply,control the saltworks,and even acquire them if they could.⑤Venice manipulated markets by controlling production.In the late thirteenth century,wishing to raise the world market price,Venice had all saltworks on the Greek island of Crete destroyed,and it banned the local production of salt.The Venetians then brought in all the saltneeded for local consumption,built stores to sell the imported salt, and paid damages to the owners of the saltworks.The policy was designed to control prices and at the same time keep the locals happy. Aiding its ability to ruthlessly manipulate commerce and control territory,Venice maintained the ships of the merchant fleet as a naval reserve and called them into combat when needed.The Venetian fleet patrolled the Adriatic Sea,stopped ships,inspected cargo,and demanded licensing documents to make sure all commercial traffic was conforming with its regulations.译文盐和威尼斯的崛起①位于意大利海岸线上的威尼斯城在中世纪期间在南欧取得了商业主导地位，主要是因为它广泛从事有价值的盐贸易。

增加国内粮食生产：通过提高农业生产效率、加强农田水利建设等措施，增加国内粮食产量，以减少对进口的依赖。
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全球粮食危机对中国的影响
The Impact of the Global Food Crisis on China
粮食进口对我国粮食贸易的影响
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The impact of grain imports on China's grain trade
全球粮食危机对我国粮食贸易结构的影响最后，全球粮食危机也将会对我国粮食贸易的结构产生影响。由于粮价的上涨，一些传统的粮食进口国可能会减少进口，而一些非传统的粮食进口国可能会增加进口。这将会使得我国的粮食贸易市场变得更加复杂，也增加了我国控制粮食价格波动的难度。
全球粮食危机对我国粮食贸易发展的影响及应对措施综上所述，全球粮食危机对我国粮食贸易发展产生了一定的影响。我们应该加强国际合作，稳定全球粮食市场，降低粮价上涨对我国的影响。同时，我们也需要加强国内粮食生产的保障，提高我国的粮食安全水平。
粮食价格
全球粮食危机
消费者
农业生产者
粮食供应链
政府
粮食生产面临的挑战和对策
1.粮食生产面临的挑战2.
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总结和展望
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Summary and Outlook
1. 影响我国粮食贸易
2. 改变全球粮食市场格局
3. 促进我国农业发展
总结
展望
乌克兰
全球粮食危机
粮食出口
粮食市场
通货膨胀
中国应对粮食危机的策略
粮食是中国的基本生活必需品，其生产、消费和贸易对中国经济和社会稳定具有重大影响中国是世界上最大的粮食进口国之一，其粮食需求量占全球粮食贸易的较大份额粮食贸易不仅满足了国内市场的需求，也为国家的经济发展做出了重要贡献此外，中国还通过进口不同的粮食品种来平衡国内供需，从而确保市场的稳定

中国人与外国人的饮食差异英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Eating Habits Around the WorldFood is such an important part of life! Every culture has its own unique dishes and ways of eating. I find the differences between Chinese and foreign eating habits really fascinating. Let me tell you about some of the things I've noticed.In China, we eat a lot of rice and noodles as the main starch in our meals. Rice is a crucial part of almost every meal. My grandma always has a huge rice cooker full of steamed white rice on the kitchen counter. We use chopsticks to eat bite-sized pieces of food along with the rice.But in many other countries, the main starch is things like bread, potatoes, or pasta instead of rice. I have some foreign friends who think it's really weird to eat rice at every meal! They are used to having a sandwich or a bowl of pasta for lunch. Using chopsticks to eat rice seems strange to them.Another big difference is how we eat and serve food. In China, we typically share dishes family-style. My mom will makea few different dishes like a stir-fry, a soup, and a vegetable plate. Then we all eat from the same plates, taking a little bit from each dish. We put the plates in the middle of the table and everyone uses their own chopsticks and bowl to make their plate.But I've noticed many foreign families don't do it that way. My American friend Sam's family all gets an individual plate with their own full portion already on it. They don't really share and mix everything together. It's more like "this is my food and that's your food." To me that seems a little inefficient because if you don't like one of the dishes, you're kind of stuck with it.Chinese meals also have a lot of emphasis on having fan and tsai. Fan is the staple grain like rice or noodles. Tsai refers to the side dishes that go along with the fan. A meal isn't complete without having both fan and tsai. My mom always makes sure we have enough dishes to have a good variety of tsai to eat with our fan.In contrast, I've seen some foreign meals that are just one unit. Like a hunk of meat with a vegetable on the side. Or a single bowl of soup or pasta. There isn't the same concept of balancing the staple starch with lots of smaller accompaniment dishes.Tea is also a huge part of the Chinese diet. We drink hot tea with almost every meal, both at home and at restaurants. Lots offamilies have a little tray with a teapot and cups for constantly refilling your tea. My grandpa is a major tea expert and has all kinds of fancy teas.But I don't really see that same tea culture in other countries. When I'm at my friends' houses, we usually just drink milk, juice or soda with meals. My friend's mom was really confused the first time I asked for tea at their house!Chinese meals also include lots of vegetables, which are really healthy. We'll have dishes like stir-fried greens, vegetable soups, or Buddhist-style tofu dishes. My parents are always trying to get me to eat more veggies by making them taste really good.I've noticed kids in other countries sometimes struggle to eat enough vegetables. A lot of foreign kids' meals seem to be based more around meat, cheese, bread and other heavier foods. Don't get me wrong, I love a good burger or pizza! But I wonder if they get as many nutrients as we do from all the veggies in Chinese cooking.Speaking of vegetables, my grandma is an amazing cook and always finds creative ways to make veggie dishes delicious. She'll make this crispy eggplant dish that's sweet and savory at the same time. Or she'll stuff mushroom caps with a mixture oftofu, rice and spices. Her tomato and egg dish is heaven! Even though it's all vegetables, her cooking makes me crave that kind of food.In contrast, some foreign vegetable dishes seem a little...bland? No offense, but I've had plenty of foreign veggie sides that were just plain steamed or boiled broccoli, carrots, etc. With not a lot of seasoning or creativity. Veggies don't have to be boring!Chinese cuisine also makes use of lots of different spices, herbs, and seasonings like ginger, garlic, star anise, Sichuan peppercorns, fermented bean pastes, and so on. These seasonings give our food such incredible flavor. A simple stir-fry can taste completely different just based on the sauce and spices used.In contrast, I find some foreign food can be under-seasoned in comparison. Don't get me wrong, foreign cooking definitely uses herbs and spices too. But it often seems a little more subdued in terms of the intensity of flavors and number of seasonings used. Just a bit of salt, pepper, maybe some rosemary or thyme. The flavors can be a little one-note sometimes.That being said, cheese is not a common seasoning at all in Chinese food. But man, lots of foreign cultures really love theircheese! You all put it in and on everything - soups, salads, meats, breads, you name it. My friend Alice puts cheese on her broccoli, which was totally bizarre to me at first. But I have to admit, once I got over the weirdness, cheese is pretty tasty!Another big difference is the use of dairy products in general. In China, we don't consume a lot of dairy like milk, yogurt or butter. It's just not a big part of our culinary tradition. But dairy seems crucial in many foreign cuisines, especially for things like creamy sauces, cheeses, and drinks like milkshakes.Since dairy isn't as big in Chinese cooking, we also use other ingredients to add richness and body to dishes. Things like coconut milk, sesame pastes, or nuts and nut milks. My grandma makes this crazy curry with coconut milk and cashews that is so indulgent but totally dairy-free.Other unique Chinese ingredients that aren't as common abroad are things like century eggs, fermented tofu, conpoy, lotus root, and so many different types of fungi and preserved vegetables. Those flavors are just so ingrained in the cuisine. I can't imagine not having access to them!I also find it fascinating how different cultures approach eating temperature. In China, it's very common to balance hot and cold components in a meal through having hot grain dishes,warm stir-fries, cold jellos or fruits, and drinks that are either piping hot or iced.But in many other places, it seems most common to have everything at just one temp - usually warm or room temp. My friend Jacob's family ate their salads and even drank their lemonade at room temperature! To me, that's just bizarre. Half the joy is contrasting those hot and cold elements.Lastly, I'd say meal pacing is quite different. Chinese meal etiquette puts a lot of emphasis on savoring and slowing down the meal through courses and constant sipping of tea. We'll start with cold appetizer dishes, then work through several hot main courses, dessert, and finally fruit to aid digestion. With lots of palate cleansers in between.Many foreign meals I've had seem to be more focused on just getting it all out on the table and eating rather quickly in one big batch - the main course, sides and dessert all at once. There's less of a strict course ordering or drawn out pacing. Just kind of eat everything in one go.Overall, I find all these cultural differences around food so fascinating! It makes me appreciate the traditions of my own heritage's cuisine. But it also makes me want to travel the world one day and experience all these other amazing culinarytraditions first-hand. Sharing a meal is one of the most personal windows into how people live. I can't wait to taste more!篇2Eating Customs Around the WorldHi everyone! My name is Lily and I'm going to tell you all about the different ways people eat food in China compared to other countries. Eating is one of my favorite things to do, so I've paid close attention to how my family eats at home versus how my friends from other places eat. There are so many interesting differences!Let's start with the basics - chopsticks vs forks and knives. In China, we use chopsticks for almost every meal. Using chopsticks is part of our culture and has been around for thousands of years. My grandma showed me how to use them properly when I was very little. It takes practice to get good at picking up food with just two sticks! My foreign friends think chopsticks are cool but find them very hard to master. They're used to eating with forks, knives and spoons. I tried using a fork once and thought it was weird to only pick up one thing at a time!Another big difference is the types of food. A typical Chinese meal consists of a grain like rice or noodles, some vegetables,and one or two main protein dishes like meat or fish. My favorite is fried rice with shredded pork and veggies. My American friend Katie's family eats things like burgers, fries, tacos and pizza a lot. Don't get me wrong - I love junk food too! But we don't eat it nearly as often as dairy, grains and produce. Katie's mom has to force her to eat her broccoli at dinner.Speaking of vegetables, we eat a much wider variety in Chinese cooking. Things like bok choy, bitter melon, snow peas, lotus root and Chinese broccoli are so tasty when prepared by my grandma. My friends turn up their noses at some of those veggies because they look and taste unfamiliar. To them, veggies are basic things like carrots, potatoes and corn. A common dinner at their house is just a simple salad or a side of green beans with their meat. My mom makes sure we get all kinds of greens, roots, mushrooms and things I can't even name!Have you ever noticed that a lot of Chinese food is cooked in a wok over high heat? We use fragrant oils and sauces to season our stir-fries. This quick cooking helps foods stay crunchy instead of getting soggy. My friends' parents spend a lot more time baking and roasting things in the oven. I went to Hannah's house and her mom was making meatloaf that had to cook for over anhour. Meats are more likely to be fried, boiled or steamed in my house for a shorter time. Quicker cooking means more flavor!Let's not forget about the sauces and seasonings that make Chinese cuisine so tasty. My absolute favorites are soy sauce, oyster sauce, chili oil and fermented black bean sauce. They make bland foods taste amazing! A squirt of sriracha hot sauce on some noodles or dumplings is perfection. My friend Mason thinks those sauces are too funky or spicy for his American tastebuds. He'd rather use ketchup, ranch or barbecue sauce which I think are kind of boring.Of course, the other kids are always shocked when I tell them we eat things like chicken feet, duck tongues, jellyfish and century eggs. I get that those ingredients seem strange if you didn't grow up with them. Hannah couldn't believe her eyes when she saw me happily munching on a crunchy chicken foot. I had to explain that every part of an animal gets used in Chinese cooking so nothing goes to waste. Saving food is very important to us. I'll take a chicken foot over an American hot dog any day!Another big tradition in my culture is eating foods that are believed to bring good luck and prosperity. During Chinese New Year, we always have a huge feast with dishes like whole steamed fish, long noodles for longevity, dumplings shaped like goldingots and sweet sticky rice balls to represent reunion. Each dish has a special meaning! I don't think most Westerners put as much symbolic importance on their holiday meals.You know what else is fascinating? Chinese people really slurp and make noise when eating noodles, soups and other dishes with broth. It's totally normal and even considered polite because it shows you're enjoying your food. My friends' parents are always telling them to "stop slurping, it's rude!" I actually had to teach Hannah how to properly slurp her wonton soup without spilling it everywhere. She thought it was so weird at first!I could go on and on about the differences in utensils, ingredients, cooking styles and cultural traditions surrounding food. Eating is such a huge part of Chinese culture and daily life. Mealtimes are when my whole family comes together to catch up, relax and share dishes full of love and history. My parents have taught me so much about the meanings and stories behind our cuisine.Even though there are a lot of contrasts in how we eat compared to Western countries, food is one of the best ways to experience and appreciate different cultures. I feel so lucky that I get to sample foods from all around the world thanks to my diverse group of friends. Getting to compare and contrast oureating customs has helped me understand and respect other traditions. It's just further proof that food really does bring people together! Maybe one day if we share enough meals, the whole world will be connected through amazing flavors and culinary experiences.篇3Food Differences Between Chinese People and ForeignersHi there! My name is Li Ming and I'm a 10-year-old student in 5th grade. Today I want to tell you about the big differences I've noticed between how Chinese people eat food compared to how foreigners eat food. It's really interesting!First of all, Chinese people and foreigners eat very different staple foods. In China, we eat a lot of rice, noodles, dumplings, and steamed buns made from wheat. These are the main starches that go along with our dishes of vegetables, meat, and sauces. But many foreigners eat bread, potatoes, pasta, and other wheat-based foods as their staple starches instead. My foreign friends tell me their meals often have a wheat product like bread, pasta, or potatoes as the biggest part of the meal.We also have really different eating utensils. Chinese people traditionally use chopsticks to eat our food. Using chopsticks iskind of hard when you first start learning! You have to master the technique of holding them properly and picking up different foods. But after practicing for a while, it becomes second nature. Foreigners usually use metal forks, knives, and spoons to eat instead of chopsticks. They cut their food with the knife and then scoop it up with the fork. Using forks and knives looks quite strange to me! But I guess chopsticks seem strange to them too.Another big difference is how we eat and share food from plates. In a Chinese meal, we have lots of shared dishes in the middle of the table. Everyone takes a little bit from the shared plates using their chopsticks and personal small bowl or plate. We don't tend to get an individual plated meal just for ourselves. But many foreigners eat meals where they get a personal plate with all their food separated and partitioned into sections. They don't share and take bites from communal plates. To me this seems quite inefficient since you can't sample as many different dishes!Speaking of dishes, the actual types of foods we eat are also very different in many ways. A lot of Chinese cooking involves stir frying, steaming, braising, and other techniques to cook vegetable, meat, and sauce dishes. We use a ton of different sauces, fresh vegetables, tofu, and we eat almost every part of ananimal that is edible. Foreigners seem to eat a lot more cheese, bread, salads with raw vegetables, and big slabs of steak or other hunks of roasted meat without much sauce. Their style of cooking looks quite plain to me, but I guess our saucy stir fries look overly complicated to them!Chinese people also eat way more pork and chicken, while a lot of foreigners seem to eat more beef. A lot of us aren't as accustomed to eating big cuts of red meat. We tend to use pork or chicken in our stir fries and other dishes. Oh, and another thing - we generally don't eat as many cold foods or raw foods compared to foreigners. Most of our dishes are freshly cooked and served piping hot. But many foreign cuisines have a lot of dishes like salads, smoothies, and raw vegetable dishes that are served cold or at room temperature. I tried a salad once and it just tasted so bland and boring to me without being cooked with seasonings and sauces!Let's not forget about beverages too. Many Chinese people drink plain hot tea, warm or hot soymilk, or just warm water with meals. We don't drink as many ice cold beverages at mealtimes because it's considered bad for the body's qi or energy flow. But a lot of foreigners always have glasses of ice water, cold milk, orother cold drinks right there with their meals. That would definitely upset my belly!Lastly, I'll mention one more difference – the pacing and rituals of mealtimes. In China, meals are often quite lengthy affairs where families and friends linger over many courses while chatting and spending social time together. There's a whole ritual of serving tea, offering tastes from shared dishes, and making toasts with beverages. Eating is seen as a communal bonding experience. But from what I've observed, a lot of foreigners eat quite quickly and don't make as much ceremony out of mealtimes. They're a bit more rushed and view eating as just refueling.Well, those are some of the big food differences I've noticed between Chinese people and foreigners! Our eating habits and cuisines are so interesting to compare and contrast. I feel so lucky to have been exposed to contrasting food cultures at a young age. Maybe when I'm older I'll become a traveling chef and experience even more global cuisines. For now, I'm just happy being a kid who slurps lots of noodles and dumplings! Thanks for reading my essay!。

2024高考英语语法精准突破：热点话题+中华传统美食（二）（含答案）热点话题+中华传统美食（二）-2024高考英语语法精准突破热点话题1.2 中华传统美食（二）Catalogue(1)中国主要的四大菜系(2)素食宴席---淮扬菜系的一大特色(3)饺子的历史及其寓意(4)“饭碗”文化---筷子文化的历史(5)以大米为主食会降低肥胖风险(6)中国民间节日传统食品—春卷(7)疫情防控下，公筷公勺可减少交叉污染(8)中华美食小吃—煎饼(1)（原创）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There are four major cooking styles in China: Sichuan, Cantonese, Shandong and Huaiyang, with each 1 (have) dozens of branches. All styles are represented in Beijing with thousands of restaurants. In addition, recent years 2 (see) the emergence of restaurants offering French, Russian and Italian foods as well as American fast food.Peking Duck has the reputation of being the 3 (delicious) food in the world. The Chinese have a saying: Visitors to Beijing must do two things: climb the Great Wall and eat Peking Duck. Over 800 years when Beijing served as the nation’s capital, a cooking style 4 (cater) to the royal court developed into a major school on a par with other national cuisine. Today, ordinary people can sample food of this cooking style, 5 was formerly reserved for royals only. Restaurants specializing in court food are not only meticulous about the quality of raw food 6 (select), but lay great emphasis 7 the ambiance and decoration of the dining rooms.One evening in early 1993, 35 Chinese and foreign tourists clad in clothes that made them the look-alikes of 8 Qing emperor, his queen, his concubines and court officials filed into the Fang Shan Restaurant. They were the fifth group 9 (sample) Man Han Quan Xi, or Feast of Complete Manchu-Han Courses, in the 70-year history of the restaurant.A Beijinger who has long resided abroad says: 10 miss most are the numerous snacks back home.(2)（原创）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

热点时文03 中国制茶申遗成功备战2023年中考英语热点时文书面表达专项训练【热点材料】北京时间11月29日晚，我国申报的“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”项目，经联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会评审通过，列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”是有关茶园管理、茶叶采摘、茶的手工制作，以及茶的饮用和分享的知识、技艺和实践。

制茶师根据当地风土，使用炒锅、竹匾、烘笼等工具，运用杀青、闷黄、渥堆、萎凋、做青、发酵、窨制等核心技艺，发展出绿茶、黄茶、黑茶、白茶、乌龙茶、红茶六大茶类及花茶等再加工茶，2000多种茶品，以不同的色、香、味、形满足着民众的多种需求。

饮茶和品茶贯穿于中国人的日常生活。

人们采取泡、煮等方式，在家庭、工作场所、茶馆、餐厅、寺院等场所饮用茶与分享茶。

在交友、婚礼、拜师、祭祀等活动中，饮茶都是重要的沟通媒介。

以茶敬客、以茶敦亲、以茶睦邻、以茶结友为多民族共享，为相关社区、群体和个人提供认同感和持续感。

“归来何事添幽致，小灶灯前自煮茶”“最爱晚凉佳客至，一壶新茗泡松萝”……在我国古代文人墨客的笔下，与茶有关的诗词不胜枚举。

该项目世代传承，形成了系统完整的知识体系、广泛深入的社会实践、成熟发达的传统技艺、种类丰富的手工制品，体现了中国人所秉持的谦、和、礼、敬的价值观，对道德修养和人格塑造产生了深远影响，并通过丝绸之路促进了世界文明交流互鉴，在人类社会可持续发展中发挥着重要作用。

中国传统制茶工艺被纳入UNESC 图源：新华社【典型范文】中国是茶的故乡，也是茶文化的发源地。

中国茶的发现和利用已有四五千年历史，且长盛不衰，传遍全球。

请你以Chinese Tea 为题，写一篇文章向外国友人介绍中国茶。

内容要求：1. 参考图示，至少选3 个方面来介绍中国茶2.向友人介绍你喜欢茶或茶文化的原因3. 不少于80 词，内容丰富，句型多样。

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________【答案】Chinese TeaIt is 4,000 years since the Chinese began to grow and drink tea.There are many kinds of tea in China,of which Longjing Tea is famous all over the world.Tea is usually drunk in tea sets.A tea set is made up of a tea pot and some tea cups,which are both made of china.Most Chinese are fond of drinking tea.Tea is served not only at tea house and restaurants but also at home.Peopledrink tea during breaks at offices or factories.It has been discovered that drinking tea does a lot of good people’s health.A cup of tea can make you relaxed and refreshed.And it’s said that green tea can prevent cancers.That’s why tea is becoming more and more popular with people.【详解】题干解读：这篇文章主要是向外国友人介绍中国茶。

沿海产的海鱼粉，脱脂，12样平均值 90.0 沿海产的海鱼粉，脱脂，11样平均值 90.0 鲜猪血，喷雾干燥 纯净羽毛，水解 废牛皮，水解 .0 87.0 87.0 87.0 88.0 91.7 94.0 91.0 90.0 进口，含乳糖80%以上 96.0 96.0 90.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 粗制 99.0 99.0
去皮，浸提或预压浸提，NY/T 1级 89.0
1-10-0031 向日葵仁饼 sunflower meal(exp.)壳仁比：35：65 NY/T 3级 5-10-0242 向日葵仁粕 sunflower meal(sol.) 壳仁比：16：84 NY/T 2级 5-10-0243 向日葵仁粕 sunflower meal(sol.) 壳仁比：24：76 NY/T 2级 5-10-0119 亚麻仁饼 linseed meal(exp.) 5-10-0120 亚麻仁粕 linseed meal(sol.) 机榨 NY/T 2级 浸提或预压浸提 NY/T 2级
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
4-07-0278 玉米 corn grain 4-07-0288 玉米 corn grain 4-07-0279 玉米 corn grain 4-07-0280 玉米 corn grain 4-07-0272 高梁 sorghum grain 4-07-0270 小麦 wheat grain 4-07-0277 大麦（皮） barley grain 4-07-0281 黑麦 rye 4-07-0273 稻谷 paddy 4-07-0276 糙米 rough rice 4-07-0275 碎米 broken 4-07-0479 栗（谷子） millet grain 4-04-0067 木薯干 cassava tuber flake

中国粮食英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!China is a big agricultural country. We have a lot of land to grow food. The farmers work hard to produce enough food for everyone.The food in China is very diverse. There are so many different kinds of grains, vegetables, and fruits. We can enjoy different flavors every day.We should cherish the food we have. Don't waste it.It's not easy to grow and produce food.Everyone should pay attention to food security. It's very important for our country and for us.。

https:/// 2020考研英语阅读材料：鸡肉为何受欢迎考研英语阅读题型占比较重，因此阅读理解是考研英语中非常重要的部分。

2020考研考生在备考英语期间，如何提高英语阅读整体水平呢?第一、做历年考研英语真题阅读，第二拓宽阅读面。

文都考研会及时更新2020考研英语阅读材料，考生可当做考研英语阅读题源来阅读。

鸡肉为何如此受欢迎《国际》版块Chickenomics鸡肉经济Ruling the roost称雄COLCHESTER AND GREENWOOD科尔切斯特和格林伍德How chicken became the rich world’s most popular meat鸡肉如何成为发达国家最受欢迎的肉类In a shed on a poultry farm just outside Colchester,in south-east England, thousands of chickens sit on piles of their own excrement.The facilities will not be cleaned until after the birds are killed,meaning they suffer from ammonia burns and struggle to grow feathers.Ants and maggots crawl over the bodies of those that have not made it to slaughter.The chicken industry is a dirty business,but it is also a profitable one.In the OECD,a club of mostly rich countries,pork and beef consumption has remained unchanged since1990.Chicken consumption has grown by70%.英格兰东南部科尔切斯特郊外一家养鸡场的鸡舍里，数千只鸡坐在自己的粪便堆上。

Lesson 1 China in the Market Place市场经济中的中国(Excerpts)（摘录）Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

20世纪50年代，中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备，用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。

1958~1959年的―大跃进‖最初在工农业生产上带来收益，但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。

三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题，造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。

20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。

中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。

―文化大革命‖期间（1966-1976）工农业生产一落千丈，交通运输限制更加严重，中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。

The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force（解释：施行）in February 1980, accords China most-favoured nation treatment.（最惠国待遇）在实现四个现代化中起着很大作用的对外贸易在近几年发展很快。

1978年2月于日本签订了一个主要贸易协定，根据这个协定，中国向日本出口每盒石油换取工业设备和技术。

1978年中国也与欧共体签订了长期贸易协定，继1979年初与美国的外交关系正常化以后，中美贸易发展迅速。

美国遵照1980年1月25日生效的中美贸易关系协定给与中国最惠国待遇。

中国饮食—2022届高考英语“中国元素”之书面表达距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的中国饮食—2022届高考英语“中国元素”之书面表达希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附靠前30天复习方法。

一、假定你是李华，校学生会主席. 学生会计划举办"中国传统美食节"的活动，请你给外教Mary写封邮件，邀请她参加. 内容包括：1. 时间和地点；2. 活动：学习制作、共同品尝美食等.注意：1. 词数100左右.2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 二、假定你是李华,你们学校将要举办茶艺周活动。

Chinese Food: The Enchanting Cultureof Chinese CuisineThe Regional Diversity of Chinese CuisineChina's vast territory and diverse ethnic groups have given rise to a multitude of regional cuisines, each with its unique characteristics. From the spicy and bold flavors of Sichuan cuisine to the delicate and subtle tastes of Cantonese cuisine, Chinese food offers a gastronomic journey that is both exciting and enlightening.Sichuan Cuisine: A Spicy DelightCantonese Cuisine: A Symphony of FlavorsCantonese cuisine, also known as Guangdong cuisine, is known for its light and fresh flavors. Dim sum, a Cantonese specialty, is a delightful array of small dishes, including steamed dumplings, savory buns, and delicate pastries. The emphasis on fresh ingredients and precise cooking techniques makes Cantonese cuisine a favorite among food connoisseurs.The Cultural Significance of Chinese CuisineThe Art of Chinese CookingChinese cooking is a blend of art and science, with techniques passed down through generations. The wok, a versatile cooking utensil, is central to Chinese cuisine.Stirfrying, a quick and highheat cooking method, is used to create dishes like Beef and Broccoli and Kung Pao Chicken, ensuring that ingredients remain fresh and vibrant.In conclusion, Chinese cuisine is a treasure trove of flavors, traditions, and stories. By exploring the diverse regional cuisines and understanding the cultural significance behind each dish, one can gain a deeper appreciation for the enchanting culture of Chinese food.The Philosophy Behind Chinese Culinary ArtsThe Importance of Seasonality and FreshnessChinese culinary traditions place a strong emphasis on the use of seasonal ingredients. The belief is that food should be consumed when it is at its peak of freshness and flavor. This respect for nature's rhythm ensures that diners enjoy the best that each season has to offer. From spring's tender bamboo shoots to winter's hearty root vegetables, the changing of the seasons is celebrated on the Chinese dining table.The Role of Tea in Chinese CultureThe Art of Table Manners and EtiquetteThe Future of Chinese CuisineAs Chinese cuisine continues to captivate the world, it is evolving while maintaining its traditional roots. Young chefs are experimenting with fusion styles, blendingtraditional Chinese flavors with international influences.This innovation is breathing new life into classic dishes, making Chinese cuisine more accessible and appealing to a global audience.The Spiritual Connection of Food and FestivalsIn the tapestry of Chinese culture, food plays a pivotal role during festivals and holidays, symbolizing wishes, traditions, and spiritual beliefs. Each festival brings withit a array of special dishes, each carrying its own meaning and significance.The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, is perhaps the most celebrated of all. Families gather for a grand feast known as the "Reunion Dinner," where dishes like fish (symbolizing surplus and prosperity), dumplings (shaped like ancient Chinese money and representing wealth), and nian gao (a sweet sticky rice cake signifying growth and progress) are served. These foods are not only delicious but are also eaten with the hope of bringing good fortune for the year ahead.The Art of Presentation and AestheticsChinese cuisine is not only about taste but also about presentation. The arrangement of dishes on a table is an art form in itself, with an emphasis on color, shape, and balance. The goal is to create a visual feast that excites the eyes before the food even touches the lips. This aestheticapproach is evident in the intricate carvings of vegetables and fruits used as garnishes, and in the careful placement of ingredients to form patterns and pictures on the plate.The Legacy of Chinese Culinary TechniquesThe legacy of Chinese cooking techniques is a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of its people. Methods such as red cooking (braising in soy sauce), white cooking (simmering in water or stock), and the delicate art of dim sum making are passed down through generations. These techniques not only enhance the flavors and textures of the ingredients but also preserve the nutritional value of the food, reflecting the Chinese philosophy of health and wellness through diet.The Global Reach of Chinese CuisineIn essence, Chinese cuisine is a living history book, each page filled with stories of tradition, innovation, and the joy of sharing. It is a journey that invites all to partake, a celebration of flavors and cultures that continues to inspire and delight palates worldwide.。

中国粮食进口情况
尽管国内粮食产量持续增长，但粮食进口需求仍然存在 2022年，中国的粮食进口总量达到了985亿公斤，同比 增长了14.3%其中，大豆进口量达到了983亿公斤，同 比增长20.6%，玉米（包括玉米酒糟）进口量为158亿 公斤，同比增长46.9%，高粱进口量为25亿公斤，同比 增 长 55.2%， 油 菜 籽 进 口 量 为 70亿 公 斤 ， 同 比 增 长 34.2%
3.粮价情况
PART FOUR
04
The impact of grain imports on the Chinese market
粮食进口对中国市场的影 响
其他主题
1.2022年中国粮食行业现状及粮价情况
2022年中国粮食行业现状及粮价情况
2.中国粮食产量创新高，确保粮食安全基础坚实
粮食产量持续增长：2019年，中国粮食总产量达到6.91亿吨，比上年增长.95%。其中，粮食种植面积达到1.33亿 公顷，比上年增加1.14%，创下近几年的新高。粮食产量的持续增长为确保国内粮食安全奠定了坚实基础。
2023年中国粮食年产量
China's Annual Grain Production in 2023
1. 粮食总产量：根据预测数据，2023年中国粮食总产量 将达到X亿吨（具体数字根据实际情况填写），较去年有 所增长。这一增长主要得益于政府加大对农业生产的支 持力度，提高了农民种粮的积极性。 2. 主要粮食作物产量：2023年，中国的主要粮食作物产 量也将保持稳定增长。稻谷产量预计将达到X亿吨，小麦 产量预计将达到X亿吨，玉米产量预计将达到X亿吨（具 体数字根据实际情况填写）。这一增长得益于技术进步 和种植结构的优化。 3. 粮食进口情况：尽管中国的粮食年产量不断增长，但 由于人口增加和消费结构变化等因素的影响，中国仍需 通过进口来满足部分粮食需求。预计2023年，中国的粮

ines
Noodles - Noodles are a common stack in Chinese cuisine, made from various types of flow and often served in soups or still friends Some common types of noises include "Egg Noodles", "Flat Noodles", and "Shredded Noodles"
Eight major cuisines
Zhejiang Cuisine - Zhejiang Cuisine emphasizes freshness, tenderness, and arama, often using light seasonings and cooking methods such as steaming and steaming Typical dishes include "West Lake Fish" (a steamed fish dish with a light sauce) and "Braised Duck with Ginseng"
Anhui Cuisine - Characterized by its rich flavors and strong seasonings, Anhui Cuisine often uses pickled vegetables and smoked meals Typical dishes include "Anhui Stewed Pork" (a stewed pork dish with a rich sauce) and "Anhui Stir Fried Greens"