模联工作文件说明及范例(完整资料).doc
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模拟联合国大会实例五篇范文第一篇:模拟联合国大会实例模拟联合国大会的流程实例主席:xx大学模拟联合国第3次大会现在开始。
下面请主席助理点名。
主席助理:阿富汗。
阿富汗代表(举起国家牌):到。
主席助理:阿富汗代表出席。
阿根廷。
……主席助理:点名完毕。
本次大会应到16人,实到16人,缺席0人。
本次大会三分之二多数为11,简单多数为9,20%多数为3。
主席:感谢主席助理。
鉴于我们本次大会只有一个议题“如何应对全球气候变暖”,下面直接讨论议题“如何应对全球气候变暖”。
主席:请希望发言的代表举牌。
(随机点出)丹麦、俄罗斯、纳米比亚。
首先有请丹麦代表,你有2分钟的时间来陈述你的观点。
丹麦:略。
主席:你还有多于30秒的时间剩余。
可让渡时间,何种让渡(主席、其他代表、问题、评论)?丹麦:让渡给挪威。
主席:下面有请挪威代表,你有30秒的时间来陈述你的观点。
挪威:略。
主席:对不起时间到。
有无动议或问题。
未见。
下面有请俄罗斯代表,你有2分钟的时间来陈述你的观点。
(假如有动议或问题,则按上面程序做)俄罗斯:略。
主席:你还有四十九秒。
俄罗斯:让渡给主席。
主席:谢谢。
请问场下有无动议或问题。
沙特(沙特等国代表举牌)。
(由谁提出,是何主题,总时长以及每位代表发言时长)沙特:沙特代表动议进行10分钟有主持核心磋商,主题是如何健全全球文化遗产的评估系统,每位代表一分钟。
主席:现在场下有一动议。
沙特代表动议进行10分钟有主持核心磋商,主题是如何健全全球文化遗产的评估系统,每位代表一分钟。
有无类似动议。
(如有则按下操作)南非(南非等国代表举牌)。
南非:南非代表动议进行10分钟有主持核心磋商,主题是如何完善文化遗产的标准,每位代表一分钟。
主席:鉴于场下有两个类似动议,我们首先表决由沙特代表动议进行10分钟有主持核心磋商,主题是如何健全全球文化遗产的评估系统,每位代表一分钟。
有无赞成。
韩国(韩国等国代表举牌,主席点韩国以表有国家支持该动议)。
代表姓名:XXX代表来自的学校名:XXX国家名:加拿大所在委员会:联合国第四委员会专门政治与非殖民化得益于丰硕的自然资源和高度发达的科技,是世界上最大的之一,也是G4、、、、、难民署、等国际组织的重要成员之一。
加拿大作为经济合作与进展组织进展援助委员会5个最大的援助国之一。
近20年来,政府对非洲的官方援助额稳居世界前列,为世界第四。
加拿大政府对非洲人民过去和此刻经历的苦难深表关心与遗憾,并希望能够让非洲人民过上他们应得的,更好的生活。
现在非洲存在的人道主义危机已不容咱们迟疑,其中最严峻的有以下几点:(1)人权被踩踏。
难民的、受到了的侵犯,在大湖区专门是人身自由的权利受到了极大的侵犯。
不仅如此,那个地址的有些妇女因宗教、种族缘故被迫割去外生殖器,失去部份性功能。
即便是女孩也极容易受到性剥削、性虐待的损害,这也致使了爱滋病在此横行。
除此之外,各国为抢夺大量矿藏资源非法招收童工进行非法的矿藏搜集,在乌干达几乎每2家就有1家有被强征做采矿工的儿童。
成为矿工的儿童的生活一样是痛楚的,缺水、缺粮和高强度的工作致使每一年死于矿场的儿童高达上万人。
在那个地址,人权荡然无存。
(2)种族被毁灭。
1994年,在大湖区的卢旺达近百万人被屠戮,由胡图族所组成的前政府于对图西族进行长达90日的惨烈屠戮。
至今,其深远的的阻碍依旧存在着,种族灭绝事件使得此刻该地域局势的紧张和社会的动荡的问题依旧突出存在。
(3)战争发生。
不仅是种族缘故,大湖区各国为争夺大湖区丰硕的自然资源流血冲突事件频发。
近20年从未中断的争夺土地、矿产和权利的战争让本地人民过着担惊受怕的生活,也经一步加重了这一地域的紧张局势。
(4)动植物灭绝。
由于难民数量的不断增加,耕地、丛林在战争中不断被摧毁和政府很少付给战士军饷,这些战士和一般民众只好猎杀野生动物看成食物。
常年的战乱、饥荒使得大湖区本来朝气蓬勃的景象荡然无存,仅剩下具具皑皑白骨和处处燃起的战火。
(5)疾病肆虐。
文件写作说明工作文件一份决议最早的雏形就是工作文件。
工作文件是代表们在进行游说和结盟之后,在各自立场文件的基础上,综合他国立场和要求,草拟出的针对某一问题的看法和观点,以及解决办法。
在一份工作文件完成之后,将被提交所在委员会,如果通过主席团的批准,代表们就可以将工作文件经过格式和内容上的加工和完善转化成一份决议草案。
一份工作文件的作者可以是一位代表,也可以是多位,它需要由委员会的会议指导审查通过。
工作文件在格式上没有特定的要求,可以采用任何形式:文章、观点的罗列,或者是标准的决议格式等等。
SAMPLE WORKING PAPERWorking Paper 1.1Committee: UN Conference on Trade and DevelopmentTopic: Generalized System of PreferencesSubmitted by Bolivia, Peru, and EcuadorBolivia, Peru, and Ecuador believe that a GSP should be set up so that Lesser-Developed Countries (LDCs) receive preferential treatment from Developed Countries (DCs). To that end we propose:1. Each DC reduces their tariffs to the lowest level possible. This level will be determined by the below created subcommittee,2. Bilateral trade agreements should be pursued for further reductions in tariffs.3. Trade preferences should be granted in the following areas:AgricultureManufacturesSemi-manufacturesRaw materials4. Decisions on product coverage by preference giving nationsmust be made in consultation with the affected LDC. Annual re-evaluation of coverage shall take place with the LDC with disputed going to the below-created subcommittee.5. A subcommittee of UNCTAD should be created with equal membership of developed and developing countries. This subcommittee would have the following powers:a. To mediate disputes between preference givers and receiversb. Make recommendations that all countries should followc. Serve as a forum for airing grievances relating to the GSPd. Report regularly to the Secretary-GeneralMembership should be as follows:a. Five permanent nations from the DCsb. Five permanent nations from the LDCs and LLDCsc. Ten members elected annually by UNCTADSample Draft ResolutionDRAFT RESOLUTION 1.1Committee:Topic:Sponsors: USA, UKSignatories:People’s Republic of China, Russian Federation,FranceRecalling its previous relevantresolutions, including resolution 825 (1993), resolution 1540 (2004) and, in particular, resolution 1695 (2006), as well as the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41),Reaffirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security,Expressing the gravest concern at the claim by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) t hat it has conducted a test of a nuclear weapon on 9 October 2006, and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of NuclearWeapons and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond,Expressing its firm conviction that the international regime on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons should be maintained and recalling that the DPRK cannot have the status of a nuclear-weapon state in accordance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,Deploring the DPRK’s announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and its pursuit of nuclear weapons,Deploring further that the DPRK has refused to return to the Six-Party talks without precondition,Endorsing the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States,Underlining the importance that the DPRK respond to other security and humanitarianconcerns ofthe international community,Expressing profound concern that the test claimed by the DPRK has generated increased tension in the region and beyond, and determining therefore that there is a clear threat to international peace and security,Expecting the world in a peaceful state without concern of proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, andtaking measures under its Article 41,1. Condemns the nuclear test proclaimed by the DPRK on 9 October 2006 in flagrant disregard of its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1695 (2006), as well as of the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41), including that such atest would bring universal condemnation of the international community and would represent a clear threat to international peace and security;2. Demands that the DPRK not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a ballistic missile;3. Demands that the DPRK immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;4. Demands further that the DPRK return to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, and underlines the need for all States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to continue to comply with their Treaty obligations;5. Decides that the DPRK shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launching;6. Decides that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner, shall act strictly in accordance with the obligations applicable to parties under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the terms and conditions of its International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safeguards Agreement (IAEA INFCIRC/403) and shall provide the IAEA transparency measures extending beyond these requirements, including such access to individuals, documentation, equipments and facilities as may be required and deemed necessary by the IAEA;7. Decides also that the DPRK shall abandon all other existing weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programme in acomplete, verifiable and irreversible manner;8. Decides that:(a) All Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK, through their territories or by their nationals, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in their territories, of:(i) Any battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, large caliber artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems as defined for the purpose of the United Nations Register on Conventional Arms, or related materiel including spare parts, or items as determined by the Security Council or the Committee established by paragraph 12 below (the Committee);(ii) All items, materials, equipment, goods and technology as set out in the lists in documents S/2006/814 and S/2006/815, unless within 14 days of adoption of this resolution the Committee has amended or completed their provisions also taking into account the list in document S/2006/816, as well as other items, materials, equipment, goods and technology, determined by the Security Council or the Committee, which could contribute to DPRK’s nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes;(iii) Luxury goods;(b) The DPRK shall cease the export of all items covered in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above and that all Member States shall prohibit the procurement of such items from the DPRK by their nationals, or using their flagged vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in the territory of the DPRK;………………………………序言性条款开头动词的一些积极词汇(英语)Taking into considerationTaking noteViewing with appreciationWelcomingReferring Seeking文件范例SAMPLE WORKING PAPERWorking Paper 1.1Committee: UN Conference on Trade and DevelopmentTopic: Generalized System of PreferencesSubmitted by Bolivia, Peru, and EcuadorBolivia, Peru, and Ecuador believe that a GSP should be set up so that Lesser-Developed Countries (LDCs) receive preferential treatment from Developed Countries (DCs). To that end we propose:1. Each DC reduces their tariffs to the lowest level possible. This level will be determined by the below created subcommittee,2. Bilateral trade agreements should be pursued for further reductions in tariffs.3. Trade preferences should be granted in the following areas:AgricultureManufacturesSemi-manufacturesRaw materials4. Decisions on product coverage by preference giving nations must be made in consultation with the affected LDC. Annual re-evaluation of coverage shall take place with the LDC with disputed going to the below-created subcommittee.5. A subcommittee of UNCTAD should be created with equal membership of developed and developing countries. This subcommittee would have the following powers:a. To mediate disputes between preference givers and receiversb. Make recommendations that all countries should followc. Serve as a forum for airing grievances relating to the GSPd. Report regularly to the Secretary-GeneralMembership should be as follows:a. Five permanent nations from the DCsb. Five permanent nations from the LDCs and LLDCsc. Ten members elected annually by UNCTADSample Draft ResolutionDRAFT RESOLUTION 1.1Committee: The Security CouncilTopic: Punishment on D.P.R. Korea’s Nuclear TestSponsors: USA, UKSignatories: People ’s Republic of China, Russian Federation,FranceRecalling its previous relevant resolutions, including resolution 825 (1993), resolution 1540 (2004) and, in particular, resolution 1695 (2006), as well as the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41),Reaffirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical andbiological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security,Expressing the gravest concern at the claim by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) that it has conducted a test of a nuclearweapon on 9 October 2006, and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond,Expressing its firm conviction that the international regime on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons should be maintained and recalling that the DPRK cannot have the status of a nuclear-weapon state in accordance with theTreaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,Deploring the DPRK’sannouncement of withdrawalfrom the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and its pursuit of nuclear weapons,Deploring further that the DPRK has refused to return to the Six-Party talks without precondition,Endorsing the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States,Underlining the importance thattheDPRK respond to other securityand humanitarian concerns of the international community,Expressing profound concern that the test claimed by the DPRK has generated increased tension in the region and beyond, and determining therefore that there is a clear threat to international peace and security,Expecting the world in a peaceful state without concern of proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and taking measures under its Article 41,1. Condemns the nuclear test proclaimed by the DPRK on 9 October 2006 in flagrant disregard of its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1695 (2006), as well as of the statement of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41), including that such a test would bring universal condemnation of the international community and would represent a clear threat to international peace and security;2. Demands that the DPRK not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a ballistic missile;3. Demands that the DPRK immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;4. Demands further that the DPRK return to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, and underlines the need for all States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to continue to comply with their Treaty obligations;5. Decides that the DPRK shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launching;6. Decides that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner, shall act strictly in accordance with the obligations applicable to parties under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the terms and conditions of its International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safeguards Agreement (IAEA INFCIRC/403) and shall provide the IAEA transparency measures extending beyond these requirements, including such access to individuals,documentation, equipments and facilities as may be required and deemed necessary by the IAEA;7. Decides also that the DPRK shall abandon all other existing weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programme in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner;8. Decides that:(a) All Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK, through their territories or by their nationals, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in their territories, of:(i) Any battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, large caliber artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems as defined for the purpose of the United Nations Register on Conventional Arms, or related materiel including spare parts, or items as determined by the Security Council or the Committee established by paragraph 12 below (the Committee);(ii) All items, materials, equipment, goods and technology as set out in the lists in documents S/2006/814 and S/2006/815, unless within 14 days of adoption of this resolution theCommittee has amended or completed their provisions also taking into account the list in document S/2006/816, as well as other items, materials, equipment, goods and technology, determined by the Security Council or the Committee, which could contribute to D PRK’s nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes;(iii) Luxury goods;(b) The DPRK shall cease the export of all items covered in subparagraphs (a) (i) and (a) (ii) above and that all Member States shall prohibit the procurement of such items from the DPRK by their nationals, or using their flagged vessels or aircraft, and whether or not originating in the territory of the DPRK;………………………………BosMUN Training Proram Date File No. 3.1SAMPLE AMENDMENTAmendment 1.1Committee: Security CouncilTopic: Reactivating the Peace Talks Process Concerning Palestinian and Israeli SituationSponsors: India, ThailandSignatories: Togo, Fiji, Antigua and Barbuda, Kuwait, Argentina, Indonesia, Poland, Uganda, NigeriaChange the word “immediately” to “gradually” in operative clauses, No. 6.Delete the operative clause No. 7.Add as the final operative clause…Decides to remain seized of the matter.Page 21 of 21。
模拟联合国文件的书写文件写作应从5 “W” and 1 “H”入手:what——什么是文件?when——什么时候需要用到它?where——提交到哪里?who——由谁撰写?由谁参看?why——为什么要写该文件?how——怎样写该文件?第一节立场文件(position paper)一、立场文件是什么立场文件是代表在调查研究之后观点的汇总,是关于某一议题的代表国立场,我们的大会要求所有国家在大会开始前提交立场文件,很多代表的第一次发言也是根据立场文件修改的。
一篇立场文件只能阐述对于一个遗体的国家观点。
立场文件应包括以下几个方面:1、简要阐述议题及背景,并说明代表国认为这个议题对于本国家及国际社会的重要性;2、列举代表国、联合国、以及国际社会在这个问题上曾有过的行动,并阐述本国家对这些行动的态度。
3、提出代表国的解决方案和本国家对联合国可以采取的行动的建议。
二、有关立场文件1.立场文件的定义回答“what”的问题,立场文件是表达某个国家或组织在某个特定议题上的立场概要的文件。
一份立场文件只针对一个议题,长短适中。
2.立场文件的作用回答“why”的问题,通过撰写立场文件理清思路,明确立场,为会议做准备。
其它国家可以通过一国的立场文件来了解该国在这一议题上的基本立场,确定该国是否与自己的国家具有共同的目标和利益等等,这样便于双方的协商和合作。
立场文件同时也是会议开始阶段各国陈述观点的主要参照发言材料。
3.立场文件的提交回答“when”、“who”和“where”的问题,立场文件需要各国代表在会前就完成并交给各委员会的主席团,一般来说主席团会在会议开始之前就将参会各国的立场文件编订成册发给每一个代表,以方便代表们在会议期间更好的了解各国的基本立场和政策目标。
三、怎样写立场文件立场文件的写作回答“how”的问题(1)立场文件的格式立场文件的开头应包括以下部分:•代表姓名(delegates)•代表来自的学校名(school)•国家名(country)•所在委员会(committee)•议题(topic)立场文件不是八股文,其内容的安排顺序和文章结构都可以自己决定。
一、巴以冲突导致的难民1.你请为巴以难民的安置提出自己的方案答:1)对于难民安置,蒙古倾向于部分难民先在邻国安置,待局势稳定后再自愿遣返的方式,这样能更长久有效地保障难民以后的生活;2)蒙古认为,应该尽快安置好难民,在邻近国家寻求帮助,设置一些灾后难民安置点,先解决难民的安置问题。
3)然后各国积极捐款,提供充足的食物,衣物和药物,保障难民的后续生活问题。
对于在战争中失去父母的孤儿,可以成立一个专门的机构,鼓励有条件的家庭进行领养。
各国还可以派遣一些部队去维护难民安置点的安全;4)将难民安置在其他国家毕竟不是长久之计,因此应该继续与巴以双方沟通,联合国和国际社会给予以色列更多的压力,让巴勒斯坦难民能尽快重返家园。
2.你觉得美国在巴以斡旋中扮演着什么样的作用,其目的何在?答:1)美国政府为了促成灾后难民安置问题的妥善解决也曾在巴以之间多次斡旋,也曾表示愿接收10万巴勒斯坦难民以促中东和平虽然最终还是未能如愿以偿,但也起到了一定的促进作用。
巴以冲突缺少外来力量是难以解决的,有一个强大的中介方作调解显然是一件好事。
尽管美国与以色列关系比较特殊,在一些方面可能有偏袒的嫌疑,但由于中东的局势不稳定一直都是美国政府的心结,在一些情况下的施加压力有可能阻遏沙龙无节制的强硬行为这在一定程度上可以减缓巴以矛盾的升级,遏制难民数量的增加;2)但蒙古认为,布什曾提出的路线图计划中关于巴勒斯坦难民问题的规定,由于双方的互相推诿和不合作,本身就没有很好的执行,现在也处于停滞状态,难民问题解决也就更加遥遥无期。
美国还是有意延迟该问题的解决时间。
其目的可能在于想借机控制巴以双方,以谋取本国利益。
对此,蒙古表示,希望美国能担负起大国的责任,为灾后难民安置问题的解决尽自己的一份力。
二、非洲之角饥荒1,你觉得应当如何协调地方政府与联合国援助部门的关系?答:1)蒙古认为,尽量用和平友好的方式协调地方政府与联合国援助部门的关系。
联合国援助部门积极与当地政府沟通,共同解决难民的生活问题。
工作文件范文一议题:中北非难民的接纳和安置问题起草国:美利坚合众国严重关切中北非地区局势,斥责暴力和对平民使用武力,关切那些被迫逃离中北非发生暴力冲突的国家境内暴力行为的难民的困境,要求中北非国家担负起保护其人民的责任,认为中北非的近期的武装冲突与革命中造成的人民流离失所的状况正在蔓延,并且越来越影响到周边国家的稳定安宁,注意到欧洲联盟在难民接纳问题处理中的分歧,欢迎联合国1970号和1973号决议,包括对存在暴力冲突的国家的近期制裁措施。
回顾中北非各国当局有责任保护其人民,针对中北非难民的接纳和安置问题,美国提出:1、认识到联合国难民署的职权的有限性,加之资金的缺乏,限制了其作用的充分发挥,2、呼吁联合国难民署会员国在此决议通过之日起三十天内提交关于其融资问题的切实有效的决议,3、决定对联合国难民署的职能做进一步的深入和稳固,加强监督和制约机制,建立完善的违约制裁措施:(1)要求各成员国在本决议通过之日起,六个月之内根据本国法律,配合联合国难民署有关规定,着重对难民问题的解决建立相关法律法规;(2)加强联合国与难民署的密切关系,形成统一机制,从而可以提升难民署的制约力量;4、确认难民的国际流动对有关国家的影响,采取暂时应对机制,特定国家以特定标准接纳难民的方法,让难民的接纳可以成为一些国家经济发展的促进因素,5、铭记国际法有关难民的处理原则,包括《难民公约》规定的“不推回”原则以及“给予以宽容和提供便利”原则,6、谴责本着狭隘的国家利益观对返国的或来自邻国的难民加以迫害甚至屠杀的行为,7、支持存在经济困难和治安状况恶化、生态环境遭到破坏的国家勇于承担国际责任,争取发达国家或本区域内强国大国的合作,共同处理难民问题,8、针对突发性大规模难民潮,应建立地区性和国际性的预警应对机制,鼓励各国对话协商,完善监督制度,把危害降到最低,9、敦促各国对于本国境内的长期难民在尊重难民自身意愿的情况下,使难民在就业、教育、医疗卫生等方面享有同等的权利并受到本国法律的保护,10、希望欧洲国家对中北非的难民问题给予关注,尽量采取积极措施,根据本联盟内部的需要与具体的国家国情,尽快出台关于难民问题的规定,11、鼓励难民通过有效途径尽快提高自身素质,投入到移入国家的经济建设和社会发展的潮流中,12、鉴于一些国家的对难民准入的限制政策,通过相关国际机构的协商使各国在难民入境和临时庇护方面予以积极配合,使难民安全转入第三国安置或等到来源国危机解除后同意其自愿返遣的原则,13、尊重非政府组织在解决难民问题上的积极贡献,鼓励国际社会对非政府组织的支持,加强各方对话以促进该问题的更好解决,14、申明联合国将不断关注中北非的难民流动与安置问题,并准备审议上文第3条所列措施是否适当,包括届时视有关国家对难民问题的处理情况,根据需要,加强、修改、中止或解除这些措施,15、强调,如果有必要采取补充措施,则须进一步做出决定,16、决定继续积极处理此问题。
模拟联合国会议中的文件写作教程模拟联合国会议文件介绍按照出场的先后顺序,模拟联合国文件主要有四类:立场文件、工作文件、决议草案和修正案。
立场文件立场文件是表达某个国家或组织在某个特定议题上的立场概要的文件。
它在会议进行前就需要提交,以供代表互相了解立场,更有针对性地准备会议。
在会议中,它也可作为代表正式发言的主要的参照材料。
一、立场文件的内容一份出色的立场文件应该有理有据、语言精准,并且鲜明、准确、有力地阐述本国针对某一议题的立场。
广而言之,立场文件顾名思义,就是阐述本国的立场;具体来讲,一份出色的立场文件需要包含以下方面的内容:1.本国在该议题中的基本立场与态度;2.本国赞成及签署的与该议题相关的国际协议,本国参与的与该议题相关的国际合作和行动;3.本国与该议题的相关程度,对于解决该问题在国内曾经采取过的重要行动、通过的重要法案;4.本国对于解决该问题所提出的相关建议(包括国内措施和国际行动);5.本国领导人及政要发表的有关该议题的重要讲话;6.本国在该议题中的相关利益总结及立场底线总结。
二、立场文件的结构一般来讲,立场文件分为四个段落比较合理,分别为基本立场、国际行动、国内行动、解决方案。
采取这样的“四段式”文章结构,能够使立场文件观点明确、内容全面、环环相扣、逻辑清楚。
第一段为本国对该议题所持的基本立场和态度的阐述。
此段应总启全文、开门见山,明确清晰地表明本国的基本立场——即所讨论的问题与本国的利益关系,以及本国对于此问题所持的明确立场。
在后文的论述中,全文应该围绕着本段的观点和立场进行展开陈述。
第二段应简述本国所参与的与议题相关的国际行动。
国际行动既包括本国所参加的国与国之间对于解决此问题所采取的共同行动方案,也包括本国赞成、同意、签署的相关国际条约的内容。
例如,澳大利亚代表在写作关于全球气候变暖议题的立场文件时,可以引用相关资料、数据及本国领导人的讲话和政策支持本国的观点,如:“澳大利亚签署并全力支持《联合国气候变化框架公约》(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC)以及《京都议定书》(Kyoto Protocol)的相关规定”。
大会规则流程Rules of Procedure 大会流程图解:确定议题Setting the Agenda点名Roll Call产生发言名单Open the Speaker’s List非正式辩论Informal Debate正式辩论Formal Debate 结束辩论形成各种会议文件投票表决“决议草案”文件通过/不通过大会流程简述:一、点名 (Roll Call)点名的作用:确定到场国家总数,由此计算简单多数 (1/2多数) 和三分之二多数。
这些数据决定了表决通过的标准。
点名的方式:主席助理按照国家名单上的顺序点名,点到的国家高举国家牌并答“到(Present) ”。
主席助理重复“某某国代表出席”,并在电脑屏幕上标示出席情况,最终计数。
二、正式辩论 (Formal Debate)辩论的概念:不同于平时的辩论比赛,模联中的发言、磋商、游说等均被视为辩论。
正式辩论:按照发言名单顺序进行的辩论叫正式辩论。
发言名单(Speakers’List)的产生:确定议题后,正式辩论开始。
主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌,并随机点出国家名,当代表听到自己国家被点到后,放下国家牌。
主席助理同步记录,代表便可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。
追加发言机会 (国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言) ,可向主席台传意向条(Page) 要求在发言名单上添加其代表国家,主席会将该国家名加在发言名单最后。
如代表已在发言名单上并还未发言,则不能追加发言机会。
发言时间:每位代表有90秒的初始发言时间 (Speaking Time) ,可通过动议(Motion to Change Speaking Time) 更改。
让渡:代表在发言时间内结束发言,可将剩余时间让渡。
①让渡给他国代表 (Yield Time to Another Delegate) :让渡国A代表和被让渡国B代表协商一致后 (传意向条,会前游说等) ,B代表在A代表剩余的时间内进行发言。
模联文件的写作指导与范本立场文件Position Paper工作文件Working Paper决议草案Draft Resolution修正案Amendment一、立场文件 Position Paper每个国家在会前都要针对各个议题提交一份立场文件,对本国的基本观点做出简明扼要的阐述。
立场文件应以文段的形式撰写。
1. 定义:立场文件是某国对于某议题在特定历史条件下所作出的特点立场报告。
2. 功能:A. 立场文件对于了解别国动向有极其重要的意义;B. 同时立场文件也是各国在“正式辩论”时的重要发言参考;C. 阅读各国立场文件有利于确定利益集团归属,也是各国间协商、合作、斡旋的重要参考。
3. 格式:立场文件格式分为两大部分,即“TITLE+TEXT ” 具体要求如下:A. 页边距:上下左右皆为“2cm ”B. 英文字体:Times New RomanC. 字符大小:12号D. 间距:段前段后皆为“自动”;行间距“1.2倍”E. TITLE 作为一段(即段前段后间距设定为“0”)F. 立场文件一般不得超过A4纸2页 。
我们要求为1页。
4. 写作要求A. 建议首段概要简述与本国有关的该议题的历史现状与趋势B. 建议第二部分重点阐述联合国、所代表国家曾经参与或组织的行动,通过的决议以及重要发言C. 建议第三部分重点阐述所代表国家的基本立场、所拥有的基本政策、正在进展的措施、理由、具体案例D. 建议第四部分“宽口径”的列举解决此类系列问题的建议大家好好练习使用WORD ,在今后的学习工作中一定会受益匪浅。
E. 建议最后一部分进行呼吁和展望5.小帖士A. 不要过于具体阐述细节B. 用词简练、正式,尽量运用外交辞令C. 文章结构清晰、条理分明D. 正式发言可以参考立场文件,但要随着会议进程实时修改二、工作文件Working Paper当一国或国家集团对议题产生初步的解决办法时,可以总结成一份工作文件,提交给大会,向各国介绍己方的解决办法。
工作文件联合国大会一般性辩论——卢旺达1994防止和处理种族冲突起草国:中国防止灭绝种族的要务首先要由会员国承担,其次才由整个联合国系统承担。
只有凭借会员国以及包括防止灭绝种族问题特别顾问在内的整个联合国共同合作努力,国际社会才能马到成功。
中国呼吁联合国各会员国自觉履行义务,为维护世界人权和提供人道主义救援作出贡献。
一、防止种族间的武装冲突之政策建议1.建议各国政府应实行法治。
1)对少数族裔、弱势族裔实行宪法保护,通过立宪对基本人权进行保护。
承认国家的民族、宗教、文化多样性,对不同人群给予明确保护;在宪法体制下下放权力,给予地区一定自治权。
2)通过大量实地案例调查完善本国在有关方面的法律条文,在可能的情况下使处于不利地位的群体得以发展。
3)重申《联合国宪章》《世界人权宣言》所载的宗旨和原则的承诺。
呼吁各国普遍加入获批准《消除一切种族歧视国际公约并履行其中规定的义务,包括给予法律援助和适当的保护和补偿。
相关国际法律文书将国际人权和人道主义法下承担的义务纳入国家立法,2.加强民族平等、消除种族歧视的教育。
在联合国教科文组织的主导之下,各国教育部门应积极主动起着反种族主义的作用,尤其是注重在教科书和课程中渗透人类团结和多样化精神。
促进教育的种族公平,采取适当措施,支持少数、弱势族裔自身教育发展,防止某些不利因素继续影响其后代。
在教育过程中注重每一个孩子的平等发展权利。
3.呼吁各国营造公正、平等、民主和包容的社会。
1)打击和反对各种形式的人口贩卖,特别是妇女和儿童贩卖。
各国政府应意识到人口贩卖的受害者受到种族主义等不容忍现象的危害最为严重。
2)抑制受歧视民族童工使用现象,加入、通过并履行《关于最低就业年龄的公约》,提高教育水平,以增加该民族的经济增长所需的高质量人才数量。
3)承认每一个民族都有权保留自己文化和民族特性;使用、享有和保护自己居住地的可再生资源;鼓励该民族积极参与制定适合本民族的教育制度和计划;情况适用时,有权拥有祖先居住地。
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◆工作文件
1. 定义:
在会议进行到一定程度后,结合各国现阶段立场,由一国或几国写的文件。
工作文件大多是针对会议上遇到的某一问题的看法和观点的总结罗列,以及解决方法。
2. 工作文件的意义:
它可以明确一下各国从开会到写文件时商讨的结果。
工作文件也可以是决议草案的前身,很多决议草案都是把很多工作文件的内容直接粘贴在一起了(因为工作文件中有很多观点和代表们提出的方案的总结,可以直接用)。
还有就是可以初步明确一下写这个文件的一
个或几个国家的观点的初步总结,方便你来制定“对付”他们的策略。
3. 形成过程
(1)游说和结盟(2)形成观点(对问题的认识及解决措施)(3)起草(4)提交主席团审核(5)主席通过、编号并印发全场(6)动议讨论
4. 写作要求
工作文件需要有至少一个起草国(sponsor),不需要附议国(signatory)。
所谓起草国就是写这份文件的国家。
相对于起草国,还有一种叫“附议国”(signatory),
工作文件没有固定格式,换句话说,怎么写都行。
你可以写地正式些,仿照立场文件、决议草案等等文件写都行。
大多数情况下,代表们愿意写成主要由数条具体措施的罗列。
包括工作文件在内的所有会议文件都需要主席团审批通过才能印发全场。
你的文件交给主席团后,主席团会给你进行简单的语法类的纠错,然后一般都能审批通过印发全场。
记住,当你写的文件(或者任何人写的文件),发下来的时候,一定立刻动议讨论这份文件
例:
Working paper
Committee:GA
Topic: The security and development of Iraq
Sponsor: Kuwait
The security and development of Iraq is a world focus problem in the world .After debating about this topic, the international community and the Iraq itself should do the following aspects:
1.International organizations:
(1)UN: UN should play the most important role to lead post-war
reconstruction of Iraq ,including participation in the process that makes the new government fully legitimacy and maintains peace and order in this region
(2)WB:world bank should help evaluating the funds needed in
rebuilding in Iraq and providing loans
(3)ADB: Asian Development bank should support funds and more
loans;
(4)UNHCR: UNHCR should resettle the refugees the provide
protections and improve protection and improve the living conditions
(5)The international organizations should coordinate with each
other ,and do the best to help Iraq ;
2.Developed countries:
(1) Ecnomic assistance:
Development countries can provide funds for Iraq and build a more comprehensive trading system with Iraq. Also, they can make polices to support the development of Iraq;
(2) Security assistance:
1.Developed countries should work together to facilities a process leading to an internationally recognized representative government of Iraq;
2. They should encourage international efforts to promote legal
and judicial reform to rebuild the capacity of the Iraq `s civilian police force through using the experience of the developed countries ;
3. Developing countries:
①The developing countries should support the UN to take actions to help rebuilding the Iraq;
②Building more comprehensive trading system with Iraq and
improving the exports and imports to strength the economy; 4.The neighboring countries:
(1)The neighboring countries in the middle East should be stand on the same line and keep harmony and do the best to support the reconstruction of Iraq;
(2)Building trade system with Iraq;
(3)Making more communications with each other on the economic 、political and educational problems.
5. Iraq itself:
(1)Iraq government should own it's the oil rights itself and fully develop and use the oil in recent times;
(2Enhancy the efficiency of extraction and mining through the use of the international funds and technology that will be a good way to strength the economic growth;
(3)Investing more in the petroleum processing industry and developing appropriate policies to support the free oil trade . (4)Improving infrastructure, such as health education and public facilities and enhancing the quality of citizens.。