人教版高一英语必修一unit5知识点及练习

必修I---Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero一、知识点1. A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。

（He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。

He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。

）2. fight against 对抗，反对，与……作斗争We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志.People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而战。

He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。

3. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers. 作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了很多中国战士。

4. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelih ood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。

5. be free from 免于，不受A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。

Unit 5 Language Around the World Part one V ocabulary1. native adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的n. 本地人native language/tongue 母语native land 故乡native speaker 说(本族语) 母语的人2. attitude n.态度；看法attitude to/towards… 对……的态度3. refer vi.提到；参考；查阅vt. 查询；叫……求助于refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；提及；指的是reference n. 查阅；参考；涉及；提及4. base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础n. 底部；基部；基地；基础base sth. on/upon sth. 以……为基础/根据base sth. in 将……设在……5. variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化a variety of = varieties of 许多的；大量的vary from… to… 从……到……不等；在……到……变化vary v. 变化various adj. 各种各种的6. means n. 方式；方法；途径a means of 一种……的方式by all means 当然行，可以by no means 决不by means of 依靠，利用……方式7. regard n. 尊重；关注vt. 把……视为；看待regard…as 把……看作；认为……是8. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi. 增值appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事I/We appreciate it if… 如果……我（们）会不胜感激9. struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗struggle for 为……而斗争struggle with/against sb. /sth. 与……作斗争struggle to do 努力做某事10. point of view观点；看法11. equal n. 同等的人；相等物adj. 相同的；同样的be equal to sth. /doing sth. (= be suitable/qualified for…)等于/胜任（做）某事without equal/ have no equal 无与伦比12. demand n. 要求；需求vt. 强烈要求；需要vi. 查问demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that… (should) do sth. 要求……做某事（从句用虚拟语气）13. relate vt. 联系；讲述relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到r elate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事Part two Grammar定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

Part 1. Warming up重点单词1. And what qualities does a great person have?quality质量；品质；性质观察思考Much of the land was of poor quality.这块地大部分土质贫瘠。

She had many good qualities although she is a little rude.她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。

2.mean(1)adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的She is too mean to make a donation. 她太小气不肯捐款。

(2)v. 意指某事，意思是；意欲，打算That means wasting a lot of labor.那意味着浪费许多劳动力。

Really? I don’t mean to waste any labor. 是吗？我没打算浪费任何劳动力。

.常见搭配：mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事be mean to sb. 对某事刻薄What do you mean by...? 你说/做...是什么意思？be meant to do 要做，必须做eg.You are meant to leave a tip.你得留下小费。

be mean with/about 对...吝啬/小气eg.He is very mean with his money.3. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.devote（与to连用）献身；专心于(1)devote oneself to献身；致力；专心devote...to...把……用于……He devoted himself to his career.他献身于自己的事业。

人教版高中英语必修一Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld笔记重点大全单选题1、She is going through a difficult phase ________ she will not only complete her college course but also look after her si ck father.A．whereB．whatC．whichD．why答案：A考查定语从句。

句意：她正在经历一个困难的阶段，她不仅要完成大学课程，还要照顾生病的父亲。

空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是phase，表示“阶段，时期”，表示抽象的地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故选A项。

2、Adults, ________overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ________ ch ildren do not.A．unless … butB．although … andC．when … whereD．even if … unless答案：C考查状语从句和定语从句。

句意：当成年人过度关注名利时，有时看不到简单事物中的快乐，而孩子们则不会如此。

A. unless … but 除非……但是；B. although … and 尽管……和；C. when … where 时候……哪里；D. even if … unless甚至……除非。

分析句子结构及结合句意可知，该句主句是 Adults, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things，其中间是一个时间状语从句，后面是一个定语从句；其中，时间状语从句省略句表示“当成年人过度关注名利时”，应该用连接副词when引导；定语从句（simple things ________ children do not fail to see the joy）中先行词是simple things，在从句中做地点状语，应该用关系副词where引导。

Unit 5重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习(知识点全覆盖)Ⅰ. 核心单词1. ____________prep. 即使; 尽管2. ____________n. 态度; 看法3. ____________vt. &vi. 雕刻4. ____________adj. 主要的; 重要的; 大的n. 主修课程; 主修学生vi. 主修; 专门研究5. ____________n. 方式; 方法; 途径6. ____________n. 尊重; 关注vt. 把……视为; 看待7. ____________n. 文字; 符号; 角色; 品质; 特点8. ____________n. 公共事务; 事件; 关系9. ____________n. &vi. 斗争; 奋斗; 搏斗10. ____________vt. 恳求; 祈求; 哀求Ⅱ. 拓展单词1．reference n．指称关系；参考→vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→vt.以……为基础n．底部；根据→n．基础→adj.基础的3．variety n．异体；多样化→v．变化；不同→adj.各种各样的4．major adj.主要的n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修→n．大多数5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→n．地球；地球仪6．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→n．感激；欣赏→adj.感激的7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→n．乞丐8．equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→adv.平等地→n．平等9．demand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要→adj.要求高的10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→vt.描述11．relate vt.联系；讲述→adj.相关的→n．关系→n．关系III.核心短语1. ____________注意2. ____________既不……也不……3. ____________追溯到4. ____________不再5. ____________在……扮演角色; 发挥重要作用6. ____________谈到; 指的是; 描述; 查阅7. ____________浮沉; 兴衰; 荣辱8. ____________观点; 看法9. ____________ ……有困难10. ____________与……相关; 涉及; 谈到一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．When travel around our country, you will hear__________________( variety) of dialects here and there. 2．Solid friendship is___________ ( base) on mutual trust.3．___________(compare) with my deskmate, I am proud of what I did.4．I really appreciate___________(have) time to relax with you on this nice island．5．Do you still remember the day ______ we came to the city?6．I don’t know the reason ______ he failed to attend the party.7．Here I sincerely express my _________ (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.8．Mike and his deskmates have agreed to treat the test _________ (equal).9．My brother entered the hall and demanded _________ (tell) the truth.10．Many people in the area died from accidents _________ (relate) to drinking alcohol.11．While modeling business is rather difficult to get into，the good model will always be _________demand. 12．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this__________(globe) warming.13．You'd better learn some __________(base) Chinese before you come to our school. Only in this way can you get used to the life here soon.14．The __________ (major) of the students came to visit their teacher when he was ill.15．Her boss was very __________ (demand) but appreciative of her talents.16．There are __________（variety）toys in the toy store.17．I’d appreciate ____________if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.18．The map is of great _____________(important) to you if you want to travel around in the city.19．Men and women must be treated ___________ (equal) in education and employment.20．This report offered the most specific ________ (describe) of the problems.21．What is your attitude __________ senior high students taking up a part­time job?22．The moment I turned back, the homeless people _____________(beg) for food.23．Apple come in a great many ____________(variety).24．She made no __________(refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.25．Nome’s town officials came up ________ a plan.They would have the medicine sent by rail from Anchorageto Nenana.26．The workers demanded that they ___________(get) better pay and conditions. （虚拟语气）27．We should take part in ________ (various) of sports to build up our body.28．In my opinion, nobody but him is equal ________ the job, because he masters good skills in it. 29．Becoming fluent ________ a language will take years, but learning to get by takes a lot less.30．Until today we have reached a stage ____________we have almost no rights at all.31．Light industry is closely ______ (relate) to agriculture.32．I struggled ______ (keep) my head above the water.33．It is a ______ (demand) role and she needs to work hard at it.34．The researcher says the tiger is native ______ India.35．She speaks English with a good ______ (pronounce).36．He refused to tell us the reason ________he gave up the full scholarship.37．The small mountain village ________ we were volunteer teachers lies in the south of the town. 38．We are living in a time ________ many things are done on computer.39．The teachers are waiting for the bus to the school ________ they give lessons as volunteers every Friday. 40．She demanded that he ________ (return) the books he had borrowed from her.二、根据汉语意思填写单词41．He gave a____________(描述) of what he had seen.42．Most of the __________(公寓)in the high­rise building have heat in winter.43．The main __________ (因素) in deciding whether or not to do so is the size of your project.44．______ (尽管) all our efforts, we still lost the game, which made us very disappointed.45．He recommended me a________(经典的) book on Buddhism.46．You all know who I am ___________(提及) to when I say “that nice man”.47．Flying makes enormous _____________(要求) on pilots.48．There are thousands of people like him in the city, ________(乞讨) on the street.49．I wrote down the name of the hotel for further _________ (查阅).50．Are you a ________(本族的) speaker of English?51．It was____________ (以……为基础) more on German than the English we speak at present. 52．Mandela has become a __________ (象征) of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa. 53．They have almost spent as much as one________(十亿) dollars on this project.54．The professor told his students to ________(联系) theory with practice.55．Scar is a cruel and dangerous ________ (角色) in The Lion King.56．Her hands were folded in an __________ (态度，看法) of prayer.57．Not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings and most importantly, ________ (平等的) rights to survive.58．Energy is always a ________(全球性的) issue and countries need to work together.59．She clawed her way to the top of her ____________(专业).60．We are supposed to take part in a ___________(多样性变化) of after­school activities.三、完成句子61．传统相声表演追溯到秦朝，已使中国人笑了千百年。

必修一Unit 5课本知识点复习一. 词汇1. quality n. 质量--quantity n.数量2. mean adj. 吝啬的；卑鄙的-- mean v. 意味着--meaning n. 含义3. act v. 行动；表扬-- active adj. 有活力的--action n. 行动；活动--activity n. 活动4. self n. 自我-- selfish adj. 自私的--selfless adj. 无私的；忘我地--selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地5. devote v.献身；专心于-- devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的-- devotion n.关爱；关照6. peace n. 和平-- peaceful adj. 和平的7. law n. 法律-- lawyer n. 律师8. guide v. 指导；引路n. 向导-- guidance n. 指导；领导9. hope v.希望-- hopeful adj. 有希望的；怀有希望的10. young adj. 年轻的-- youth n. 青年11. violent adj. 暴力的，剧烈的-- violence n. 暴力；暴行12. equal adj. 相等的，平等的；胜任的vt. 等于-- equally adv. 相等地；同等地--equality n. 平等13. will n. 意愿；意志力-- willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的14. fair adj. 公平的；合理的-- unfair adj.不公平的15. educate v. 教育-- educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的16. cruel adj. 残酷的，残忍的-- cruelty n. 残忍17. generous adj. 慷慨的；仁慈的-- generosity n.慷慨, 大方18. power n. 力量--powerful adj. 强大的二. 词语短语积累1. (1) mean adj. 吝啬的；卑鄙的be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬e.g.The rich boss who is mean to his workers is mean with money. 那位对工人很刻薄的富有老板对钱很吝啬。

新必修一unit5课文THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENTChina is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times,despite the many ups and downs in its history.There are many reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty(around1600-1046BCE),these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.This, however,changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty(221--207BCE).Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.Today,the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.As China plays a greater role in global affairs,an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.中文书写系统:连接过去和现在中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名，尽管在它的历史上有许多起起落落。

人教版高中英语必修一Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld重点归纳笔记单选题1、The accident has reached to the point ________both their parents are to be called in.A．for whichB．whenC．whichD．where答案：D考查定语从句。

句意：事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。

分析句子结构可知，这是一个限制性定语从句，先行词point在从句中作地点状语，应该用关系副词where引导从句。

故选D项。

2、The reason ________ he has been such a success is________he never gives up.A．why, becauseB．that, whatC．that, thatD．why, that答案：D考查定语从句和表语从句。

句意：他如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。

分析句子结构可知，“he has been such a success”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此第一空用关系副词why，“he never gives up”是表语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，因此第二空用that引导表语从句，故选D。

3、Unsuccessful people can always find reasons ________ they’re not doing well.A．for whichB．thatC．of whichD．where答案：A考查定语从句。

句意：没有成功的人总是能找到他们做不好的理由。

分析句子结构可知，空格前reasons作先行词，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，分析从句成分可知，从句中缺少状语，所以应用why或for which引导定语从句。

故选A。

4、She always considers her best friend as someone________ she can share everything.A．about whomB．with whomC．with whichD．about which答案：B考查定语从句。

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela——a modern heroⅠ.单词拼写1. The young heiress was so (大方的) that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.2. Everybody knows that our director is very (忠诚的) to his wif e.3. To keep fit, he is a in all kinds of sports.4. As we all know, the People’s R of Korea is our neighbor.5. It is said that he holds an important p in the government office.6. The goods of this company are of good (质量). It is no wonder they sell so well.7. All the (领导) of our city pay much attention to education.8. As we all know, fighting is an act of (暴力).9. The beautiful girl is very gentle, which shows she is an (有教养的) girl.10. His efforts were (奖赏)with success.11. Sun Yat-sen _________ the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years’ fighting.12. As a lawyer, he offer _________ to poor black people on their ______l problems.13. With his help, I became more h_______ about my life .14. But I was ready to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of makingblack and white people _________ .15.Elias was w_______ to blow up government buildings.16. It was a building from which no one ___________ .17. Since Elias was better e_________, he got a job working in an office.18. All that time my wife and children had to beg for food ants help from r_______ and friends.19. Elias remembered the beatings and the c________ of the guards and his friends whohad died.20. They said the job and the pay from the new South African government were myr_____ after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.II.用所给短语的正确形式填空Out of work, as a matter of fact, in trouble, turn to , lose heart, come to power, set up, be sentenced to, fight for, blow up,1.The scientist never __________ when you are in trouble.2.He was active in ____________ the freedom of the negroes.3.In 1963 Elias helped Mandela __________ some government buildings although hedidn’t like violence.4.He looked cruel but ______________, he is a kind man.5.If you don’t work hard at your work , you will _______________.6.In 1962, he ___________________ five years’ hard labor f or what he had done.7.Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was ______________.8.In 1852, Nelson Mandela _____________ law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg.9.Elias didn’t work again fir twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC_______________in 1994.10.Why did Nelson Mandela ______________ violence to make black and white peopleequal at last?Ⅲ.单项选择1. Only when students _____ willing to learn can they be active _____ learning activities.A. will become; inB. become; withC. will become; forD. become; in2. Heroes are made by the time they live in and _____ in time of danger or difficulty is one ofthe fine qualities that can be found _____ them.A. brave; inB. being brave; inC. bravery; ofD. to be brave; of3. _____ and you will be in hell; Keep up and you will be in paradise.A. Lose heartB. Lose your heartC. Losing heartD. Losing your heart4. The island country had fought _____ the invaders for more than ten years _____it became anindependent republic.A. against; beforeB. against; whenC. with; sinceD. for; while5. Everybody likes to get along with someone who is generous _____ his money and dislikes____with someone who is mean with it.A. with; to get alongB. for; gettingC. with; gettingD. to; to get along6. On the dark street, there were no people around _____ she could turn for help.A. to whomB. with whomC. by whomD. for whom7. People are strongly advised _____ legal means to settle their disputes.A. to takeB. takingC. takeD. to be taken8. As he ______ to his work that he didn’t notice that it was already past midni ght.A. was so busyB. so devotedC. was so devotedD. was so turned9. To answer violence ____ violence can only result in more violence.A. withB. byC. forD. to10. It was ten years ago ______ that republic was _______.A. when; set upB. that; came into beingC. when; foundedD. that founded11. Being _____ of the 21st century, we should display ourselves on the stage of science andtechnology ____ the full.A. the youth; toB. youths; toC. a youth; withD. youth; by12. In my opinion, that country would suffer more terror attacks if a woman president ______.A. comes into powerB. came into powerC. is votedD. voted13. Everybody in my family believes that my sister is equal _____ our old sick grandmother but Ihold the opposite opinion.A. to take care ofB. to taking care ofC. with taking care ofD. taking care of14. Though the blacks in the United states have been fighting for equal rights ____ the whites formany years, they _____ won the battle.A. to; still haven’tB. to; haven’t stillC. with; still haven’tD. with; haven’t still15. When they awoke the next morning, they were surprised to find a ___ of fog floating in the air.A. coverB. blanketC. pieceD. mixture16. Whatever we have achieved, we should always _____ against pride.A. protectB. guardC. defendD. prevent17. The layer thought it unfair for his client to _______ ten years in prison just because he hadhelped the robbers escape.A. to be sentencedB. to sentenced toC. to be sentenced toD. have sentenced to18. The leaders from six countries are discussing whether it is necessary to ____a specialcommittee to deal with the worldwide terror attack.A. put upB. set upC. build upD. found up19. A(n)_______ of 10,000 dollars was _____ to anyone who could provide any clues leading tothe catch of the criminals who tried to murder the president.A. award; offeredB. reward; givenC. prize; providedD. reward; offered20. My teacher takes great trouble ______me learn English, since I have a lot of trouble _____it.A. helping; learningB. to help; to learnC. helping; to learnD. to help; learning21. The white man who was put in prison for trying to _____the headquarters(总部) of the ANCtried to escape but failed.A. set upB. break upC. blow upD. fire up22. In the opinion of many people, body-bombers are forced to do so but ______ many of themare willing to.A. as a matter of factB. as a resultC. in matter of factsD. in actually23. One of a layer’s tasks is to _____ legal guidance to people in need but a certain _____ of fee ischarged.A. supply; numberB. provide; dealC. ask for; amountD. offer; amount24. Many people think it necessary for people who are out of work ______so that they can acquireone or more basic skills for survival in modern society.A. be reeducatedB. being reeducatedC. to be reeducatedD. reeducated25. I was shocked ______ the cruelty of Tom, a relative of my wife, who not only shouted ____the poor man begging for something to eat but also let his violent dog come _____ him.A. at; at; atB. with; to; atC. by; to; atD. for; at; toIV原文回顾Complete the following passage with some of the words in this unit.Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa. He _______ all his life to making black and white people _______. In 1952, he __________ a law office to offer _________ to the poor black people on their _______ problems. Elias was helped by him when he was ________ and then he became more _______ about his life. Later when Mandela organized the ANC ____________ he joined it as soon as possible and fought together for the equal rights. They first broke the law in a ________ way. Only when that was not allowed _____________decid to answer violence with _________. ________________ , Elias didn’t like violence, but he was happy to help _____________ some of the government buildings because of their dream. Unfortunately , they were ______________and _____________five years’ hard labor there. However, they didn’t ____________ but made efforts to be better ________. In 1993, Mandela ___________ and founded the new South Africa. Elias got a job ______ tourists round his former prison. He felt bad _____________ he talked to a group, but later better because he knew the work and the pay were his _____ after working all his life for equal rights for the black people.答案单词拼写1. generous2. devoted3. active4. Republic5. position6. quality7. leaders8. violence9. educated 10. rewarded 11-20founded, guidance, legal, hopeful, equal, wiling, escaped, educated, relatives, cruelty, reward.用所选词的适当形式填空1-10:Lose heart; fighting for; blow up; as a matter of fact, be out of work, wassentenced to; in trouble; set up; came to power; turn to单项选择1-5 DBAAC 6-10AACAD 11-15ABBCB 16-20BCBDD 21-25CADCA原文回顾Devoted; equal; set up; guidance; legal; in trouble ; hopeful; Youth League; peaceful; did they; violence; As a matter of fact; blow up; put in prison; sentenced to; lose heart; educated; came into power; taking; the first time; reward。

高中英语人教必修一 Unit 5 知识点复习及巩固练知识点一、短语1．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅2．ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3．date back (to...) 追溯到4．the attitude to/towards ……对……的态度5．pay attention to 注意6．be of great importance 很重要7．be known for 因……而出名8．lead to 导致9．be connected with 和……有联系10．play a．..role in 起着……的作用11．point of view 观点；看法12．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到13．give up 放弃14．feel like 感觉像15．used to 过去常常16．get/be used to 适应，习惯于17．compare...with... 与……相比较18．depend on 依靠，取决于19．be senior to 比……年长20．aside from 除了……之外二、词汇用法native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人(1)one's native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语be native to 原产于……(2)be a native of... ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物attitude n．态度；看法；姿态attitude to/towards... 对……的态度/看法have/take a(n)．..attitude to/towards... 对……持/采取……的态度despite prep.即使；尽管，为介词，后常跟名词或v.ingeven if 即使；尽管，为连词，后跟从句refer to提及；查阅；参考；把…称作…；指的是→reference n. 提及；参考；查阅refer to...as... 把……称作……based adj.以(某事)为基础的→basic adj.基本的；基础的(1)base...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据(2)at the base of 以……为基点；在……的底部date back(to...)追溯(到……)(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到…… (2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj. 不同的；各种各样的→vary vt.&vi. 改变；变化(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的(2)for various reasons 由于种种原因(3)vary from...to... 从…到…不等；在…到…之间变动major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n. 大多数；→minority 少数....(1)major in 主修……；以……为专业(2)the majority of 大多数……be in the majority 构成大部分/大多数means n．方式；方法；途径(1)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具(2)by this means 通过这种方法by means of 用……办法；借助……by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)(3)mean vi. 意味着 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待(1)regard/consider...as... 认为……是…… (2)have high/no regard for... 高度关注/无视……with/in regard to sth. 关于某事appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏；感激(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 重视/感激……I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激(2)express one's appreciation/thanks to sb.for sth. 表达对某人的感激之情struggle n．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争struggle against/with 与……作斗争struggle to do sth. 努力做某事struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来point of view 观点；看法from one's point of viewin one's view/opinionas far as sb.is concerned 依某人来看equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；equally adv. →同样地；平等地(1)be equal to 等于be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上Bdemand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问→demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that...(should) do... 要求……description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘(1)be beyond description 无法形容，难以描述(2)give a description of... 介绍……relate vt.联系；讲述→relation n．关系(1)relate sth.to sb. 向某人讲述relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到(2)be related to 与……有关(3)in relation to 关于三、句型This/That is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期There was a time when...曾有一段时间……This was a time when I hated to go to school.这是我最讨厌上学的时候。