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2005年諾貝爾物理獎得主--- 漢希(T.W. Hänsch )與霍爾(J.L. Hall )文/鄭王曜、施宙聰2005年是愛因斯坦發表狹義相對論以及光電效應和布朗運動理論的100週年，為了推動物理教學與研究，聯合國特別將2005年定為世界物理年。
愛因斯坦假設光速在慣性座標中為恆定，透過此絕對的基本物理量建立了狹義相對論和質能關係，此外他提出光量子成功解釋光電效應。
非常恰巧的，2005年10月發佈的諾貝爾物理獎得主漢希（Theodor W. Hänsch ）、霍爾（John L. Hall ）與葛勞柏（Roy J. Glauber ）的貢獻跟光速及光的量子性質有密切的關係。
漢希及霍爾兩人因在精密雷射光譜，包括光頻梳（optical frequency comb ）技術的發展而獲此殊榮。
霍爾是美國JILA （Joint Institute of Laboratory of Astrophysics ）的資深研究員，是雷射穩頻高手。
漢希是德國慕尼黑大學教授及普朗克量子光學研究所主任，是氫原子1S-2S 光譜高手。
他們兩人是好朋友，都熱愛實驗。
到JILA 拜訪霍爾，通常要在地下室的實驗室才能找到他。
漢希在慕尼黑大學物理系辦公室對面有一個人實驗室，他常在那裡做一些有趣的實驗，霍爾來訪時也會邀他一起做實驗。
在這篇文章我們將簡介漢希與霍爾的學術工作及光頻梳。
雷射穩頻雷射的本徵線寬（intrinsic linewidth ）由Schawlow-Townes relation 所限制，除了半導體雷射因其微小共振腔內光子數目不多線寬大外，大部分雷射的本徵線寬小於1 Hz 。
如1 mW 的紅光633 nm HeNe 雷射，其Schawlow-Townes 線寬小於1 mHz 。
然而由於各種不同的技術性噪音（technical noise ），例如雷射結構的振動、折射率的擾動等，實際的雷射系統離Schawlow-Townes 線寬有一段不算小的距離。
Center Frequencies and High/LowFrequency Limits for Octave Bands, 1/2- and 1/3-Octave BandsOctave Bands:The audio spectrum from ~ 20 Hz to ~ 20 KHz can be divided up into ~ 11 octave bands. If we set/define the 7th octave band’s center frequency to be 71000 ctr f Hz ≡, then all lower centerfrequencies for octave bands can be defined from each other using the formula 1ctr ctrn nf f −=. Conversely, all higher center frequencies for octave bands can be defined from each other using theformula 12ctr ctrn n f f +=. Then for each center frequency, the half-octave low (high) frequency for each octave band are (respectively) given by the formulae 12low n n f f = and 122high n n f f =. The per-centfractional bandwidth per octave band is constant : ()10070.7%high low ctrnn n BW f f f ⎡⎤≡−⎣⎦ . Please see the octave band table on the next page.1/2-Octave Bands:The audio spectrum from ~ 20 Hz to ~ 20 KHz can be divided up into ~ 21 1/2-octave bands.If we set/define the 13th half-octave band’s center frequency to be 131000 ctrf Hz ≡, then all lower centerfrequencies for 1/2-octave bands can be defined from each other using the formula 1212ctr ctr n nf f −=.formula 1ctr n f +=1/2-octave band are (respectively) given by the formulae 12low n n f f = and 142high n n f f =. The per-centfractional bandwidth per 1/2-octave band is constant : ()10034.8%high low ctrn n n BW f f f ⎡⎤≡−⎣⎦. Please see the 1/2-octave band table on the next page.1/3-Octave Bands:The audio spectrum from ~ 20 Hz to ~ 20 KHz can be divided up into ~ 31 1/3-octave bands.If we set/define the 19th 1/3-octave band’s center frequency to be 191000 ctrf Hz ≡, then all lower center frequencies for 1/3-octave bands can be defined from each other using the formula 1312n n f f −=.formula 1n f +=1/3-octave band are (respectively) given by the formulae 12low n n f f = and 162high n n f f =. The per-centfractional bandwidth per 1/3-octave band is constant : ()10023.2%high low ctrn n n BW f f f ⎡⎤≡−⎣⎦. Please see the 1/3-octave band table on the next page.Each octave band may be separated into three ranges - referred to as one-third-octave bands.Octave Bands 1/3 Octave BandsLower Band Limit (Hz)CenterFrequency(Hz)Upper BandLimit (Hz)Lower BandLimit (Hz)CenterFrequency(Hz)Upper BandLimit(Hz)14.1 16 17.817.8 20 22.411 16 2222.4 25 28.228.2 31.5 35.535.5 40 44.7 22 31.5 4444.7 50 56.256.2 63 70.870.8 80 89.1 44 63 8889.1 100 112112 125 141141 160 178 88 125 177178 200 224224 250 282282 315 355 177 250 355355 400 447447 500 562562 630 708 355 500 710708 800 891891 1000 11221122 1250 1413 710 1000 14201413 1600 17781778 2000 22392239 2500 2818 1420 2000 28402818 3150 35483548 4000 44674467 5000 5623 2840 4000 56805623 6300 70797079 8000 89138913 10000 11220 5680 8000 1136011220 12500 1413014130 16000 17780 11360 16000 2272017780 20000 22390。
样例输出 1203样例输⼊ 2900 4096样例输出 2389数据规模对于 40% 的数据，。
对于 100% 的数据，。
p2. 摩尔斯电码 (15 pts)早期的电报机只能表达两种状态：电路导通和电路断开。
电路导通时喇叭可以发声；断开时则不发声。
如何⽤这样的机器来传递⼈类能理解的信号呢？聪明的你⼀定想到了——时间的长短可以表达不同的含义（例如长代表 1、短代表 0），然后再把 “01” 的⼆进制序列对应到字符就可以啦。
摩尔斯电码就是这样⼀种早期的数字通信协议，它通过喇叭发声长短来表⽰不同的英⽂字母：1. 点（半⾓点号.），喇叭响 1 单位时间，读作 “滴” dit；2. 划（半⾓减号-），喇叭响 3 单位时间，读作 “嗒” dah；3. 字符/单词间的停顿，字符停顿 3 单位时间，单词停顿 7 单位时间。
下图列出了摩尔斯电码和英⽂字母之间的对应：例如，⼤家可以试试把 “... --- ...” 对照上⾯的表格翻译成英⽂（空格代表字符的分割）。
没错，这就是著名的 “SOS” 紧急求救信号。
现在，你需要写⼀个程序把收到的摩尔斯电码翻译回英⽂字符。
输⼊格式输⼊数据的第⼀⾏是⼀个整数 ，代表共有 个需要解码的英⽂字母。
输⼊数据的第⼆⾏包含 个摩尔斯电码点/划组成的字符串（字符串之间⽤⼀个空格隔开），每个字符串仅包含若⼲半⾓减号 “-” 和半⾓点号 “.”，且保证能翻译为 26 个英⽂字母中的⼀个。
输出格式输出⼀⾏，为摩尔斯电码解码后得到的字符串。
样例输⼊ 1样例输出 1样例输⼊ 23... --- ...SOS35- .... . --.- ..- .. -.-. -.- -... .-. --- .-- -. ..-. --- -..- .--- ..- -- .--. ... --- ...- . .-. - .... . .-.. .- --.. -.-- -.. --- --.样例输出 2THEQUICKBROWNFOXJUMPSOVERTHELAZYDOG解释：“The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” 是⼀个经典的包含了所有 26 个字母的句⼦。
组合数学及其图论1、一个图G 是指一个有序三元组（V （G ），E （G ），G ϕ），其中G ϕ是：________________.关联函数2、是有40个点的简单图且 中任两个点之间有且只有1条路，则。
393、只有一个顶点所构成的图称为：________________平凡图4、如果H 是G 的子图，其中V （H ）=V （G ）和E （G ）=E （H ）至少有一个不成立，就称H 是G 的：_____________.真子图5、设G 是p 阶简单图，则__________________等号成立当且仅当G 是完全图。
q(G)≤p(p-1)/26、如果一条途径的_________与___________相同，就称这条途径为闭途径。
起点 终点7、如果对图G=（V ，E ）的任何两个顶点u 与v ，G 中存在一条（u-v ）路，则称G 是___________否则称为是______________连通图、 非连通图8、设G 是P 阶连通图，则__________________.q(G)≥p-1 9、若二分图有Hamilton 回路，则与满足 。
10、若G 是2-边连通图，则G 有强连通的________________. 定向图11、边数最少的连通图是 。
树12、没有回路的连通图称为_______________.树13、的图是图或图。
平凡图，不连通图14、树T的每一个非悬挂点都是T的 __________.割点15、二分图中若与满足，则必有完美对集。
16、给定一个图G，如果图G的一个生成子图T是一棵树，则称T是G的一个_______________.生成树17、设G是无环图，e是G的一条边，则τ(G)=___________________________.τ（G－e）+τ(G·e)18、是阶简单图，则，等号成立当且仅当是图。
，完全图 2、19、___________________________的生成树称为最优生成树。
Accessory DevicesAcoustic RequirementsPrevious issuesVW 82469: 2005-10, 2006-03ChangesThe following changes have been made as compared to VW 82469: 2006-03:–Evaluation of brief noises expandedScopeThis Standard defines the acoustic requirements and testing conditions that must be fulfilled by the accessory device to be developed, e.g., window lift, control motor, relay, pump, valve.For the time being, the specifications apply to accessory devices that are used in motor vehicles with a conventional combustion engine. For motor vehicles with an electric drive or hybrid vehicles with the combustion engine switched off and the electric drive running, all specifications and limit curves specified below for conventional vehicles with the combustion engine switched off apply.Acoustic evaluation of the accessory device in the laboratory Measuring room The evaluation parameter for the airborne noise is the A-weighted sound level measured according to DIN EN 61672-1, Class 1, or the one-third octave spectrum determined under the same conditions.The measurement must be performed in a free field above a reflective plane. Apart from the reflective plane, all walls of the measuring room must be fitted with sound-absorbing material, such that this does not influence the sound field in the frequency range that is of interest. An example of this is shown in DIN 45635-1 (1984-04, Section 3.5).1 2 2.1 Group Standard VW 82469Issue 2010-03Class. No.:8BG00Descriptors:accessory devices, acoustics, noiseCheck standard for current issue prior to usage.This electronically generated standard is authentic and valid without signature.The English translation is believed to be accurate. In case of discrepancies the German version shall govern.Numerical notation acc. to ISO practice.Page 1 of 15Technical responsibilityStandards Department EGNA/3Dr. Friedrich Bielert Tel.: +49 5361 9 31580EKDV/4 Wolfgang Tiefenbach EKDV Tel.: +49 5361 9 75357Manfred Terlinden Confidential. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be transmitted or reproduced without prior permission of a Standards Department of the Volkswagen Group.Parties to a contract can only obtain this standard via the B2B supplier platform .© Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft VWNORM-2008-12mThe quiescent noise level in the measuring room must be evaluated using a one-third octave spectrum in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz. The individual one-third octave bands of the quiescent noise level must be at least 10 dB below the corresponding one-third octave levels of the accessory device to be measured.Measuring setupThe measuring setup is based on DIN 45635-1. In accordance with this standard, measurements are performed at different points on a spherical surface at a distance of 1 m from the center of the noise source. The radius vector from the center of the noise source to the spherical surface is the normal of the face surface of the microphone.The number of microphones must first be chosen to be ≥ 9, in accordance with accuracy class 2. The number must be increased as long as the difference in dB between the highest and the lowest mea‐sured total level is numerically greater than the previous number of microphones (in accordance with DIN 45635-1, Section 5.4.4.2). The orientation of the device under test (DUT) with respect to the microphones must be selected in such a way that the maximum sound level is recorded and functional capability of the equipment is assured.If the radiated sound field changes by a sufficiently small amount during the entire period of operation,measurements may be made using fewer than 9 microphones, provided this has been approved by the purchaser.Operation of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device for three complete operation cycles (run-in procedure). From the fourth cycle onwards, measuring of every complete operation action (e.g., open, close) of the acces‐sory device five times.Load conditions for the accessory deviceCorresponding to the load conditions that occur during vehicle operation.Measurements under deviating load conditions must be approved by the purchaser.Operating voltage of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device at a voltage of 13,5 V, measured at the electrical connectors on the accessory device, except where other operating voltages have been specified.Settings for the measuring systemsThe sound pressure must be recorded over time and represented as A-weighted decibels. The inte‐gration constant (time over which each individual signal level is averaged during the measurement period) must be 125 ms. When a sound level meter is used, this value corresponds to the "fast"setting. The dynamic range must be adjusted to an optimized signal/noise ratio.One-third octave spectrum of the accessory device The maximum A-weighted total sound level that occurs at a spherical surface must be determined according to Section 2.2. If fluctuations occur in the amount of sound emitted over the running time of the accessory device, then the maximum value that occurs temporally and spatially must always be used as the evaluation criterion. The position of the maximum total sound level determined in this manner is used to determine the one-third octave spectrum.2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Page 2VW 82469: 2010-03A step diagram with the respective one-third octave limit curve is used to represent the A-weighted one-third octave spectrum against the one-third octave center frequencies, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz (see Figure 1).The one-third octave bands must be determined using the arithmetic average method over the whole running time that is relevant to each application, with use of one-third octave filters in accordance with DIN EN 61260.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave levels occur during the running time (deviations greater than 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), thenthese must be documented separately.The process described must be carried out for at least 3 identical devices. Serial numbers and the point of maximum noise emission must be documented.Figure 1 – One-third octave limit curves for airborne sound from accessory devices during a laboratorymeasurementLegend1Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running 2Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off and accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running 3Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched off Total sound pressure levelThe following total sound pressure level values must not be exceeded:2.8 Page 3VW 82469: 2010-03–65 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running –60 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off and accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running –55 dB(A)Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched offModulation levelTo ensure a high-quality sound impression, the noise emitted by the accessory device must vary only to a limited extent. For adjusting drives, for example, periodic variations of the rotational speed must be avoided (running out of true, "wobbling").Frequency variations over time can be evaluated by plotting the frequency spectrum over time (spec‐trogram) or by plotting the multiples of the rotational speed (orders) over time.The relative frequency change Δf/f of the operating noise must not exceed a value of 1% in one second.Amplitude variations over time can be evaluated, for example, by plotting the sound level over time.The integration constant of the sound level must be selected to be sufficiently small, and must be agreed upon with the purchaser.The relative level change ΔL/L must not exceed a value of 0,5 dB. Changes over time during starting operation or stopping operation (see Figure 2) are excluded from these requirements.Figure 2 shows the starting operation and stopping operation of an accessory device. The course of the operating frequency or the course of the sound level is schematically plotted in any unit as a function of time t.2.9 Page 4VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 2 – Starting and stopping operation of an accessory deviceLegend1Duration of the starting operation 2Duration of the stopping operation 3Mean value 4Instantaneous value TonalityWithin a one-third octave spectrum, an individual one-third octave band must not deviate from both neighboring one-third octave bands by more than 3 dB. A deviation of more than 3 dB from only one of the two neighboring one-third octave bands is permissible.Evaluation of the noise of briefly operating accessory devicesBriefly operating accessory devices are accessory devices for which the sound pressure exceeds 25% of the maximum value for the first time and/or falls below 25% of the maximum value for the last time within a time period T 1 of at most 1 s (Figure 3).The sound pressure used for this criterion must be measured with a minimum sampling rate of 22 kHz.The evaluation described here applies to noises occurring once (e.g., relay clicking) and successions of brief noises (see Figure 4) at a time interval T 2 greater than 0,05 s. For shorter times T 2, the noise is considered to be continuous.2.10 2.11 Page 5VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 3 – Pressure curve over time of a brief noise Figure 4 – Pressure curve over time of a succession of brief noises Section 2.1 through Section 2.5 also apply. The maximum A-weighted sound pressure level occurring in the observed time period applies as the evaluation criterion (time constant "fast", see for example DIN EN 61672-1). The A-weighted sound pressure level of the brief noise according to Figure 3 is given in Figure 5 as an example. The maximum sound pressure level used for the evaluation is marked by an arrow.A one-third octave band evaluation is not performed.Page 6VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 5 – A-weighted sound pressure level of the signal from Figure 3The limits specified in Section 2.8 apply to the maximum level. However, the measured A-weighted sound pressure level receives a pulse increase of 6 dB for the brief noises or successions of brief noises defined above.Subjective evaluationThe noise characteristic of the accessory device must not exhibit any unpleasant noise components,across the entire operating range.The development goal is to ensure that neither the interior nor exterior noise of the accessory device can be perceived as being disturbing. This evaluation represents a prerequisite for release approval.Where necessary, psychoacoustic measurement techniques must be used for objective substantia‐tion.Structure-borne sound from accessory devices Measuring roomThe accessory devices must be evaluated in a low-vibration room.Measuring setupAll connection points that are provided for attaching the accessory device to the vehicle must be fitted with triaxial force sensors. The accessory device must be attached via the force measurement sen‐sors to a rigid support structure (e.g., a solid mounting plate), orientated as it would be when installed (in the vehicle).Operating conditions of the accessory device According to Section 2.3.2.12 33.1 3.2 3.3 Page 7VW 82469: 2010-03Load conditions of the accessory device According to Section 2.4.Operating voltage of the accessory device According to Section 2.5.Determination of one-third octave spectra for forcesThe dynamic forces in the three spatial directions (X, Y, Z) must be recorded for all connection points on the accessory device. These must be interpreted in the form of averaged one-third octave bands,making use of one-third octave filters as described in DIN EN 61260 according to the arithmetic average method.It must be ensured that a sufficiently high sampling rate is used.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave level occur during the running time (deviations greater than 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), then these must be documented separately.The one-third octave spectra for all forces measured at the connection points must be added ac‐cording to the formula:(1)(addition of the rated values).The one-third octave spectrum that results from this equation must be represented as a step diagram below the limit curve, using one-third octave center frequencies in the frequency range 16 Hz to 1000 Hz. The level axis must show a spreading of 40 dB.Limit curves for the one-third octave spectra for forcesThe sum of internal forces that are transmitted at all connection points to the subframe must not exceed the one-third octave limit curve shown below (Figure 6).3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Page 8VW 82469: 2010-03Figure 6 – Limit curves for the one-third octave spectra for forcesLegend1Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running 2Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off and accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running 3Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched offFigure 6 shows the limit curves for the total of the forces applied to the connection points by the accessory device in newtons (N) as a function of frequency (Hz).Acoustic evaluation of accessory devices installed in the vehicle Measuring roomExcept for the reflective plane, all walls of the measuring room must be fitted with sound-absorbing material, such that they do not influence the sound field in the frequency range of interest. An example of this is shown in DIN 45635-1, Issue 1984, Section 3.5.The quiescent noise level in the vehicle must be evaluated using a one-third octave spectrum in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz. The individual one-third octave bands of the quiescent noise level must be at least 10 dB below the corresponding one-third octave levels of the accessory device to be measured.All other sources of acoustic interference in the vehicle must be switched off during the measurement.The measurement takes place with the combustion engine switched off.Operation of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device for three complete operation cycles (run-in procedure). From the fourth cycle onwards, measuring of every complete operation action (e.g., open, close) of the acces‐sory device five times, using the load conditions specified in Section 4.3 and Section 4.4.44.1 4.2 Page 9VW 82469: 2010-03Load conditions for the accessory deviceCorresponding to the maximum load conditions that occur during vehicle operation.Measurements under deviating load conditions must be approved by the purchaser.Operating voltage of the accessory deviceOperation of the accessory device at a voltage of 13,5 V, measured at the electrical connectors on the accessory device, except where other operating voltages have been specified. If necessary, the vehicle battery must be buffered using an external power supply that can provide sufficient power.The voltage of the power supply must correspond to the voltage of the charge controller with the combustion engine running, i.e., usually ≥ 14,1 V.Interior noise Measuring setup for evaluation of interior noiseThe interior noise must be measured at the positions of the driver's ears and at the positions of the ears of a passenger on the right rear seat. The measurement can be performed with individual mi‐crophones, headband microphones, or an artificial head.Settings for the measuring systems According to Section 2.6.4.3 4.4 4.54.5.1 4.5.2 Page 10VW 82469: 2010-03One-third octave spectrum of the accessory deviceA step diagram with the respective one-third octave limit curve is used to represent the A-weighted one-third octave spectrum against the one-third octave center frequencies, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz (see Figure 7 and Figure 8). The one-third octave bands must be determined using the arithmetic average method over the whole running time that is relevant to each application,with use of one-third octave filters in accordance with DIN EN 61260.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave level occur during the running time (deviations greaterthan 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), then these must be documented separately.The process described must be carried out for at least 3 devices. The serial numbers must be doc‐umented.Figure 7 – One-third octave limit curves for airborne sound from occupant-operated accessory de‐vicesLegend1With combustion engine running 2With combustion engine switched off4.5.3Figure 8 – One-third octave limit curves for airborne sound from accessory devices starting auto‐maticallyLegend1Start with combustion engine running 2Start with combustion engine switched off Total sound pressure levelThe following total sound pressure level values must not be exceeded:–45 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine running –40 dB(A)Occupant-operated accessory device with combustion engine switched off –40 dB(A)Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine running –35 dB(A)Accessory device starting automatically with combustion engine switched offModulation level According to Section 2.9.Tonality According to Section 2.10.Evaluation of the noise of briefly operating accessory devices According to Section 2.11.Subjective evaluation According to Section 2.12.4.5.4 4.5.5 4.5.6 4.5.7 4.5.8Exterior noise Measuring room The vehicle must be placed in a measuring room according to Section 2.1. A distance between the vehicle body and the walls of at least 2 m must be observed.Measuring setup for evaluation of exterior noiseRecord the exterior noise using a microphone. This microphone must be positioned at the same height as the accessory device, at a distance of 1 m from the vehicle body. The normal of the diaphragm surface of the microphone must be at right angles to the vehicle body.Operation of the accessory device According to Section 2.3.Load conditions for the accessory device According to Section 2.4.Operating voltage of the accessory device According to Section 2.5.Setting of the measuring system Set integration constant and dynamic range according to Section 2.6.One-third octave spectra of the accessory deviceA step diagram with the limit curve is used to represent the A-weighted one-third octave spectrum against the one-third octave center frequencies, in the frequency range 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz (see Figure 9). The one-third octave bands must be determined using the arithmetic average method over the whole running time that is relevant to each application, with use of one-third octave filters in accordance with DIN EN 61260.If significant fluctuations in the one-third octave level occur during the running time (deviations greater than 3 dB, as compared to the average one-third octave level over the running time), then these must be documented separately.The process described must be carried out for at least 3 devices. The serial numbers must be doc‐umented.4.64.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.6.5 4.6.6 4.6.7Figure 9 – One-third octave limit curves for exterior noise from accessory devicesLegend1With combustion engine running 2With combustion engine switched off Total sound pressure levelThe following total sound pressure level values must not be exceeded:–40 dB(A)With combustion engine running –35 dB(A)With combustion engine switched offModulation level According to Section 2.9.Tonality According to Section 2.10.Evaluation of the noise of briefly operating accessory devices According to Section 2.11.Subjective evaluation According to Section 2.12.4.6.8 4.6.9 4.6.10 4.6.11 4.6.12Referenced documents5The following documents cited in this standard are necessary for application.In this Section terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.Standards with the titles given in German are either only available in German or may be procured in other languages from the institution issuing the standard.DIN 45635-1Measurement of noise emitted by machines; airborne noise emission; en‐veloping surface method; basic method, divided into 3 grades of accuracy DIN EN 61260Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filtersDIN EN 61672-1Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications。
1. DSP有哪些显著特点？答：DSP的特点有：1)在一个指令周期内可完成一次乘法和一次加法；2)程序和数据空间分开，可以同时访问指令和数据；3)片内有大容量的快速RAM；4)快速中断处理和硬件I/O支持；5)可以并行执行多个操作；6)支持流水线操作，使取指、译码和执行等操作可以重叠执行。
2.简述TMS320LF2407A的片内资源。
答：TMS320LF2407A的片内资源有：1)40MIPS处理能力；2)两个事件管理模块能提供16路PWM输出、四个16位定时器，很便于对电机的控制；3)16路AD模拟通道；4)集成了CAN总线控制器；5)16位串行外设接口和串行通讯接口；6)高达40个可编程或复用的通用输入输出引脚；7)片内32K的flash程序存储器和2K数据程序RAM、2K单口RAM和544字节双口RAM ；8)程序和数据空间可外扩至64K。
3.TMS320LF2407A通用定时器有哪些功能？简述其工作模式。
答：功能如下：1)计时；2)使用定时器的比较功能产生PWM波；3)给事件管理器的其他子模块提供基准时钟。
有四种操作模式，分别为：停止/保持模式，连续递增计数模式，定向增/减计数模式，连续增/减计数模式。
4.简述DSP C语言与ANSI C的主要区别。
答：DSP C语言以ANSI C为基础，并对ANSI C进行了相应的限定和扩展。
以下是LF2407 C语言的一些不同于一般标准C的特征：1)标识符和常量所有标识符的前100个字符是有效的，区分大小写；不允许多字节字符；多字符的字符常数按序列中的最后一个字符来编码，例如：‘abc’==‘c’。
2)数据类型整型、双精度型等数据类型长度与常见编译器中数据类型不同，所有的浮点型都是由MS320C2x/C2xx/C5x的32位的二进制浮点格式来表示。
size_t（sizeof操作符的结果）定义为unsigned int；ptrdiff_t（指针加减的结果）定义为int。
1 二胡1 14 三弦27 巴乌2 二胡2 15 扬琴28巴乌/葫芦丝3 马头琴16 古筝29 二胡拉弦组合奏4 板胡17 笛子15 京胡1 18 笛子26 京胡2 19 箫17 京胡颤音20 箫28 高胡21 埙9 琵琶1 22 笙110 琵琶2 23 笙211 琵琶颤音24 唢呐112 柳琴25 唢呐213 阮26 葫芦丝30 China Kit131 China Kit232 Grand Piano 三角大钢琴33 Bright Piano 亮音钢琴34 Octave Piano 八度音钢琴35 Midi Grand 迷笛钢琴36 CP 80 电拾音钢琴37 Piano & Strings 钢琴+弦乐38 Honky Tonk 酒吧钢琴39 Harpsichord 羽管拨弦古钢琴40 Grand Harpsichord 卧式古钢琴41 Electronic Piano & Pad42 Cool! Galaxy EP 超酷银河电钢琴43 Funky EP 爵士电钢琴44 DX Modern EP 便携式电钢琴（远音现代电钢琴）45 Hyper Tines 祛懦电钢琴（海泼泰因键盘）46 Venus EP 维纳斯电钢琴47 Clavi 击弦电钢琴（电翼琴）48 Pipe Organ 管风琴49 Cathedral 大教堂乐队50 Chapel Organ1 教堂风琴151 Reed Organ 簧片风琴52 Jazz Organ1 爵士风琴153 Cool! Organ 超酷风琴54 Cool! Rotor Organ 超酷转风琴55 Jazz Organ2 爵士风琴256 Click Organ 咔嗒风琴57 Bright Draw 亮音卓芭风琴58 Rock Organ 摇滚风琴59 Purple Organ 紫风琴60 16+2 Organ 16+2风琴61 16+4 Organ 16+4风琴62 Theater Org 剧场风琴63 Ｍusette Accordion 缪赛特手风琴64 Traditional Accordion 传统手风琴65 Bandoneon 班多钮手风琴66 Music Box 音乐盒67 Tubular Bell管钟68 Celesta 钢片琴（小乐器）69 Vibraphone1 电颤琴170 Vibraphone2 电颤琴271 Marimba 马林巴琴72 Xylophone 木琴73 String Ensemble1 弦乐合奏174 String Ensemble2 弦乐合奏275 Chamber Strings 室内弦乐76 Marcato Strings 强音弦乐77 Orchestra Strings 管弦弦乐78 Octave Strings 八度音弦乐79 Tutti80 Octave Pizzicato 八度音拨奏81 Slow Strings 慢弦乐82 Tremolo Strings 颤音弦乐83 Pizzicato Strings 披萨弦乐(拨奏弦乐）84 Synth Strings 合成弦乐85 Violin 小提琴86 Viola 中提琴87 Cello 大提琴88 Contrabass 低音提琴89 Flute 长笛90 Sweet Flute 美妙的长笛（甜美长笛）91 Piccolo 短笛92 Pan Flute 排萧93 Sweet！Pan Flute 甜美排萧94 Clarinet 单簧管95 Orchestra Clarinet 管弦单簧管96 Sweet！Soprano Sax 甜美高音萨克斯97 Sweet！ Tenor Sax 甜美次中音萨克斯98 Soprano Sax 高音萨克斯99 Alto Sax 中音萨克斯100 Tenor Sax 次中音萨克斯101 Baritone Sax 上低音萨克斯102 Breathy Tenor Sax 呼吸次中音萨克斯103104 Sax Ensemble 萨克斯合奏105 Oboe 双簧管106 English Horn 英国管（号）107 Woodwind Section 木管乐组108 Bassoon 巴松管109 Assoon &Clarinet 巴松管+单簧管110 Trumpet 小号111 Sweet！Trumpet 甜美小号112 MutedTrump 弱音小号113 Flugel Horn 号角114 Trombone 长号115 Trombone Section 长号组116 Trumpet & Trombone 小号+长号117 French Horn 圆号118 Octave Horn 八度音圆号119 Tuba 大号120 Timpani 定音鼓121 Brass 铜管乐122 Brass Section 铜管乐器组123 Big Band Brass 大铜管乐队124 Mellow Horns 圆润圆号（柔美圆号合奏）125 Orchestra Brass 管弦乐铜管126 Octave Brass 八度音铜管127 Jazz Brass 爵士铜管128 Funkey Brass 弱音铜管129 Synth Brass 合成铜管乐130 80'sBrass 80年代铜管乐131 Techno Brass 泰克诺铜管132 Vocai Ensemble 整体合唱133 Choir 合唱134 Grand Choir 大合唱135 Vox Humana 清唱（人声）136 Air Choir 曲调合唱137 Harp 竖琴138 Orchestra Hit 管弦乐队139 Harmonica 口琴140 Modern Harp 现代口琴141 Square Lead 方波主奏142 Tech Saw143 Sync B144 Sawtooth Lead 锯齿波主奏145 Under Heim 在家里146 Portaone 轻音色147 Voice Lead 人声主奏148 Funky Lead 暗淡主奏1149 Star Dust 星尘150 Brightness 合成音效（明亮）151 Analogon 模拟152 Fargo 法戈153 Fantasia 平分长音（幻想）154 Dynamic Chime 倍音钟铃155 Analog Pad 模拟长音156 Short Resonance 短暂的共振157 Sweet Heaven 甜美天堂158 Dream Heaven 梦幻天堂159 Symbiont 共生160 Bell Pad 贝尔长音161 Xenon Pad 仙农长音（氙气长音）162 Equinox 幻想（春分）163 Dark Moon 暗月长音164 Classical Gtr 古典吉他165 Folk Guitar 民俗吉他166 Dynamic Nylon Guitar 倍音尼龙弦吉他167 12Strings Guitar 弦吉他168 Dynamic Overdriven Guitar 倍音过载吉他169 Jazz Guitar 爵士吉他170 Octave Gtr 八度音吉他171 Clean Guitar 清音吉他172 60s Clean Guitar 60年代清音吉他173 Muted Guitar 弱音吉他174 Overdriven Guitar 夸张吉他175 Distortion Guitar 失真吉他176 Acoustic Bass 原声贝司（低音贝司）177 Finger Bass）指弹贝司（指拨贝司178 Dynamic Electric Bass 动态电贝司179 Pick Bass 转调贝司180 Fretless Bass 无品贝司181 Slap Bass 打弦贝司（打拍贝司）182 DX100 Bass 远音100贝司183 Fat Lo Bass184 Synth Bass 合成贝司185 Hi-Q Bass 嗨声贝司186 Dance Bass 舞曲贝司187 Sitar 西塔琴188 Tamboura 冬不拉189 Tambra 铃鼓190 Rabab 拉博琴191 Oud 乌德琴192 Shamisen 三昧线(三弦)193 Gopichant 歌尚194 Koto 十三弦日本古筝195 Taisho-kin 小泰首196 Dulcimer 德西马琴(日本琴)197 Kanoon 卡农琴198 Cimbalom 钦巴龙琴199 Santur 山特琴200 Shanai 山奈琴201 Pungi 尖竹钉202 Hichiriki 希克瑞克203 Recorder 竖笛(舌簧八孔直笛)204 Ocarina 奥卡利那笛(埙，陶制的卵形笛)205 Steel Drums 钢鼓206 Banjo 斑鸠五弦琴207 SFX Kit1 效果音1208 SFX Kit2 效果音2209 WonderlandKit 美好的声音效果210 Arpeggio Piano1 钢琴琶音1211 Arpeggio Piano1 钢琴琶音1212 Arpeggio Strings 琵音弦乐213 Arpeggio Harp 琵音竖琴214 Arpeggio Synth Lead1 琵音合成主奏1 215 Arpeggio SynthLead2 琵音合成主奏2 216 Arpeggio Synth Pad 琵音合成柔音217 Arpeggio Folk Guitar 琵音民俗吉他218 Arpeggio Drums1 琵音鼓组1219 Arpeggio Drums2 琵音鼓组2220 Grand Piano 三角大钢琴221 Grand Piano KSP三角大钢琴KSP222 Mellow Gr Pno 圆润三角钢琴223 Piano Strings 钢琴弦乐224 Dream 梦幻钢琴225 Bright Piano 亮音钢琴226 Bright Piano KSP 亮音钢琴KSP 227 Electronic Grand Piano 电子大钢琴228 Electronic Grand Piano KSP电子大钢琴KSP 229 Detuned CP80 失调电拾音钢琴230 Layered CP1 分层电拾音钢琴1231 Layered CP2 分层电拾音钢琴2232 HonkyTonk Piano 酒吧钢琴233 HonkyTonk Piano KSP酒吧钢琴KSP234 Electronic Piano 1电钢琴1235 Electronic Piano1 KSP电钢琴1KSP 236 MellowEP1 圆润电钢琴1 237 Chorus Electric Piano 1 叠奏电钢琴1238 Hard El. Piano 激烈电钢琴239 Velocity Crossfade EL.P1力度交叉减弱电钢琴1240 60’s EL.Piano1 60年代电钢琴1 241 Electronic Piano2 电钢琴2242 Electronic Piano2KSP 电钢琴2 KSP 243 Chorus Electric Piano2 叠奏电钢琴2244 DX EP Hard DX激烈电钢琴245 DX Legend DX 传说246 DX Phase EP DX 分段电钢琴247 DX +Analog Electric Piano DX+模拟电钢琴248 DX Koto EP DX 日本筝电钢琴249 Velocity Crossfade EL.P2力度交叉减弱电钢琴2250 Harpsichord 拨弦古钢琴251 Harpsichord KSP 拨弦古钢琴ksp252 Harpsichord2 拨弦古钢琴2253 Clavi.Wah 哇音击弦古钢琴254 Harpsichord3 拨弦古钢琴3255 Pulse Clavi. 跳跃击弦古钢琴256 Clavi 击弦古钢琴（翼琴）257 Clavi KSP 击弦古钢琴KSP（翼琴KSP）258 Pierce Clavi. 尖锐击弦古钢琴259 Celesta 钢片琴260 Glockenspiel 钟琴261 Music Box 八音盒（音乐盒）262 Orgel 风琴263 Vibraphone 电颤琴264 Vibraphone KSP 电颤琴ksp265 Hard Vibes 激烈振音266 Marimba 马林巴琴267 Marimba KSP 马林巴琴ksp268 Sine Marimba 正弦马林巴269 Balimba 巴林巴琴270 Log Drums 木鼓271 Xylophone 木琴272 Tubular Bells 管钟273 Church Bells 教堂钟274 Dulcimer2 杜西码琴2275 Carillon 大钟琴276 Drawbar Organ 拉杆风琴277 Detuned Drawbar Organ 简化拉杆风琴278 60's Drawbar Organ1 60年代拉杆风琴1279 60's Drawbar Organ2 60年代拉杆风琴2280 70's Drawbar Organ1 70年代拉杆风琴1281 Drawbar Organ2 拉杆风琴2 282 60's Drawbar Organ3 60年代拉杆风琴3283 Even Bar Organ 双小节风琴284 16+2’2/3285 Organ Bass 低音风琴286 70's Drawbar Organ2 70年代拉杆风琴2287 Cheezy Organ 尺泽风琴288 Drawbar Organ3 拉杆风琴3289 Percussive Organ 打击风琴290 70's Percussive Organ 70年代打击风琴291 Detuned Percussive Organ 失调（简化）打击风琴292 Light Organ 亮音风琴293 Percussive Organ 2 打击风琴2294 Rock Organ 摇滚风琴295 Rotary Organ 转风琴296 Slow Rotary 慢转风琴297 Fast Rotary 快转风琴298 Church Organ 教堂风琴299 Church Organ3 教堂风琴3300 Church Organ 2 教堂风琴2301 Notre Dame 圣母玛丽亚302 Organ Flute 长笛风琴303 Tremolo Organ Flute 颤音长笛风琴304 Reed Organ 簧片风琴305 Puff Organ 吹气风琴306 Accordion 手风琴307 Accord It 手风琴组308 Harmonica 口琴309 Harmonica2 口琴2310 Tango Accordion 探戈手风琴311 Tango Accordion2 探戈手风琴2 312 Nylon Guitar 尼龙弦吉他313 Nylon Guitar2 尼龙弦吉他2314 Nylon Guitar3 尼龙弦吉他3315 Velocity Guitar Harmonics 力度吉他和声316 Ukulele 尤克里里四弦琴317 Steel Guitar 钢弦吉他318 Steel Guitar 2钢弦吉他2319 12-string Guitar 12弦吉他320 Nylon &Steel Guitar 尼龙弦和钢弦吉他321 Steel Guitar with Body Sound322 Mandolin 曼陀林琴323 Jazz Guitar 爵士吉他324 Mellow Guitar 圆润吉他325 Jazz Amp 爵士电吉他326 Clean Guitar 纯音吉他327 Chorus Guitar 合唱吉他328 Muted Guitar 弱音吉他329 Funk Guitar1 芬克（抑郁）吉他1 330 Muted Steel Guitar 弱音钢弦吉他331 Funk Guitar2 芬克（抑郁）吉他2 332 Jazz Man 爵士音乐家333 Overdriven Guitar 夸张吉他334 Guitar Pinch 吉他基音335 Distortion Guitar 失真吉他336 Feedback Guitar 回音吉他337 Feedback Guitar 2回音吉他2338 Guitar Harmonics 吉他和声339 Guitar Feedback 吉他回声340 Guitar Harmonics 2 吉他和声2341 Acoustic Bass 原音贝司342 Jazz Rhythm 爵士韵律343 Velocity Crossfade Upright Bass 力度垂直转换贝司344 Finger Bass 指弹贝司345 Finger Dark 指弹沉音346 Flange Bass 弗朗格贝司347 Bass& Distorted Electric Guitar贝司和失真电吉他348 Finger Slap Bass 指弹击弦贝司349 Finger Bass2 指弹贝司2350 Modulated Bass 移调贝司351 Pick Bass 拨片贝司352 Muted Pick Bass 弱音拨片贝司353 Fretless Bass 无品贝司354 Fretless Bass 2 无品贝司2355 Fretless Bass3 无品贝司 3356 Fretless Bass4 无品贝司4357 Syn. Fretless 合成无品贝司358 Smth Fretless 细腻无品贝司359 Slap Bass1 击弦贝司1360 Resonant Slap 共鸣击弦贝司361 Punch Thumb Bass 拇指弹拨贝司362 Slap Bass2 击弦贝司2363 Velocity Switch Slap 快速掌击（力度转换贝司）364 Synth Bass 1 合成贝司1365 Synth Bass1 Dark 深沉的合成贝司1366 Fast Resonant Bass 快速共鸣贝司367 Acid Bass 迷幻贝司368 Clavi Bass 击弦古钢琴贝司369 Techno Synth Bass 电子合成贝司370 Orbiter 人造卫星371 Square Bass 方波贝司372 Rubber Bass 橡胶贝司373 Hammer 槌音贝司374 Synth Bass 2 合成贝司2375 Mellow Synth Bass 圆润合成贝司376 Sequenced Bass 时序贝司377 Click Synth Bass 融洽的（咔嗒）合成贝司378 Synth Bass 2 Dark 深沉的合成贝司379 Smooth Synth Bass 细腻合成贝司380 Modular Synth Bass 标准合成贝司381 DX Bass DX贝司382 Xwire Bass383 Violin 小提琴384 Slow Violin 慢速小提琴385 Cello 大提琴386 Contrabass 低音大提琴387 Tremolo Strings 颤音弦乐388 Slow Tremolo Strings 慢速颤音弦乐389 Suspense Strings 含糊的弦乐390 Pizzicato Strings 拨奏弦乐391 Orchestral Harp 竖琴弦乐392 Timpani 定音鼓393 Strings1 弦乐合奏1394 Stereo Strings 立体声弦乐395 Slow Strings 慢速弦乐396 Arco Strings 弓弦乐397 60's Strings 60年代弦乐398 Orchestra 管弦乐队399 Orchestra2 管弦乐队2400 Tremolo Orchestra 颤音管弦乐401 Velocity Strings 力度弦乐402 Strings2 弦乐合奏2403 Stereo Slow Strings 立体声慢速弦乐404 Legato Strings 弦乐联奏405 Warm Strings 温和的弦乐406 Kingdom 极品（弦乐王国）407 70's Strings 70年代弦乐408 Strings3 弦乐合奏3409 Synth Strings1 合成弦乐1 410 Reso Strings 共鸣弦乐411 Synth Strings4 合成弦乐4 412 Synth Strings5 合成弦乐5 413 Synth Strings2 合成弦乐2 414 Choir Aahs 啊唱音415 Stereo Choir 立体声唱乐416 Mellow Choir 圆润的唱乐417 Choir Aahs2 啊唱音2 418 Choir Strings 唱音弦乐419 Voice Oohs 嗓音420 Synth Voice 合成嗓音421 Synth Voice2 合成嗓音2 422 Choral 合唱423 Analog Voice 模拟嗓音424 Orchestra Hit 管弦乐齐奏425 Orchestra Hit2 管弦乐齐奏2 426 Impact 冲击427 Trumpet 小号428 Trumpet2 小号2429 Brite Trumpet 明亮小号430 Warm Trumpet 温暖的小号431 Trombone 长号432 Trombone 2长号2433 Tuba 大号434 Tuba 2大号2435 Muted Trumpet 弱音小号436 French Horn 法国号437 French Horn Solo 独奏法国号438 French Horn2 法国号2 439 Horn Orchestra 号角管弦乐队440 Brass Section 铜管乐器组合441 Trumpet& Trombone Section 小号长号组合442 Brass Section2 铜管乐器组合2443 High Brass 高音铜管乐444 Mellow Brass 圆润（轻柔）铜管445 Synth Brass1 合成铜管乐1446 Quack Brass 嘈杂铜管组447 Resonant Synth Brass 共鸣合成铜管乐448 Poly Brass 多元铜管组449 Synth Brass3 合成铜管乐3450 Jump Brass 跳跃铜管组451 Ana Vel Brass1 模拟强力铜管组1452 Analog Brass1 模拟铜管组1453 Synth Brass3 合成铜管乐3454 Soft Brass 轻柔的铜管乐455 Synth Brass4 合成铜管乐4456 Choir Brass 教堂铜管乐457 Ana Vel Brass2 模拟强力铜管组2458 Analog Brass2 模拟铜管组2459 Soprano Sax 高音萨克斯460 Alto Sax 中音萨克斯461 Sax Section 组合萨克斯462 Hyper Alto Sax 超级次高音萨克斯463 Tenor Sax 次中音萨克斯464 Breathy Tenor Sax 喘息（呼吸）次中音萨克斯465 Soft Tenor Sax 轻柔次中音萨克斯466 Tenor Sax2 次中音萨克斯2467 Baritone Sax 中音萨克斯468 Oboe 双簧管469 English Horn 英国号（管）470 Bassoon 巴松管471 Clarinet 单簧管472 Piccolo 短笛473 Flute 长笛474 Recorder 竖笛475 Pan Flute 排萧476 Blown Bottle 吹瓶477 Shakuhachi 尺八478 Whistle 口哨479 Ocarina 奥卡里那埙480 Square Lead 方波主奏481 Square Lead 2方波主奏2482 LM Square LM方波483 Hollow 空洞音（山谷）484 Shroud 恐怖笼罩音485 Mellow 柔和音（圆润）486 Solo Sine 正弦独奏487 Sine Lead 正弦主奏488 Sawtooth Lead 锯齿波主奏489 Sawtooth Lead2 锯齿波主奏2490 Thick Sawtooth 厚重的锯齿波（密锯齿波）491 Dynamic Sawtooth 动态锯齿波492 Digital Sawtooth 数字锯齿波493 Big Lead 大主奏494 Heavy Synth 重合成495 Waspy Synth 蜂音合成496 Pulse Saw 跳跃合成497 Dr.Lead 主奏博士498 Velocity Lead 强力主奏499 Sequenced Analog 音序模拟器500 Calliope Lead 汽笛风琴主奏501 Pure Lead 纯拍击主奏502 Chiff Lead 雪纺主奏503 Rubby 摩擦音504 Charang Lead 沙朗主奏505 Distorted Lead 失真主奏506 Wire Lead 线圈合成507 Voice Lead 嗓音508 Synth Aahs 合成唱音啊509 Vox Lead 人声主奏510 Fifths Lead 五度音主奏511 Big Five 大五度512 Bass& Lead 低音和主音（贝司和主音）513 Big&Low 高音和低音514 Fat&Perky 丰满活泼515 Soft Whirl 轻柔委婉（委婉回旋）516 New Age Pad 新世纪长音517 Fantasy 幻觉518 Warm Pad 温暖长音519 Thick Pad 厚重长音520 Soft Pad 轻柔长音521 Sine Pad 正弦长音522 Horn Pad 号角长音523 Rotary Strings 旋转弦乐524 Poly Synth Pad 多合成长音525 Poly Pad80 多元长音80526 Click Pad 卡嗒长音527 Analog Pad 模拟长音528 Square Pad 方波长音529 Choir Pad 唱音长音530 Heaven 天堂长音531 Itopia 埃特皮亚532 CC Pad CC长音533 Bowed Pad 弯曲长音534 Glacier 冰川长音535 Glass Pad 玻璃长音536 Metallic Pad 金属长音537 Tine Pad 尖头长音538 Pan Pad 排长音539 Halo Pad 光环长音540 Sweep Pad 掠过长音541 Shwimmer 施维姆542 Converge 聚合长音543 Polar Pad 极点长音544 Celestial 天国长音545 Rain 雨546 Clavi Pad 击弦古钢琴长音547 Harmo Rain 春雨548 African Wind 非洲风549 Carib 加勒比550 Sound Track 脚步声551 Prologue 序幕552 Ancestral 祖先553 Crystal 水晶554 Synth Drum Comp 合成排鼓（合成鼓乐组）555 Popcorn 爆玉米花556 Tiny Bells 小铃557 Round Glockenspiel 钟琴（圆钟铃）558 Glockenspiel Chimes 编钟（奏乐钟铃）559 Clear Bells 响亮的钟（清铃）560 Chorus Bells 叠奏钟（叠奏钟铃）561 Synth Mallet 合成槌音562 Soft Crystal 悦耳的水晶（软水晶）563 Loud Glocken 大声钟琴564 Christmas Bells 圣诞钟565 Vibe Bells 振琴钟566 Digital Bells 数字钟567 Air Bells 悠扬的钟声（气玲）568 Bell Harp 竖琴和铃569 Gamelimba 木琴570 Atmosphere 大气571 Warm Atmosphere 温暖大气572 Hollow Release 沉闷的虚空（虚空）573 Nylon Electric Piano 尼龙弦电钢琴574 Nylon Harp 尼龙弦竖琴575 Harp Vox 竖琴声576 Atmosphere Pad 大气长音577 Planet 行星578 Brightness 明亮(闪亮）579 Fantasy Bells 幻想钟580 Smokey 烟雾581 Goblins 小妖（妖怪）582 Goblins Synth 合成小妖（合成妖怪）583 Creeper 曼草584 Ring Pad 铃声长音585 Ritual 宗教仪式（宗教典礼）586 To Heaven 向往天堂（升天）587 Night 黄昏（夜晚）588 Glisten 闪光589 Bell Choir 教堂钟（铃声合奏）590 Echoes 回声591 Echoes2 回声2592 Echoes Pad 回声摇动593 Echoes Bells 回声钟594 Big Pan 大锅595 Synth Piano 合成钢琴596 Creation 造物597 Star Dust 星尘598 Reso& Panning 共鸣与摇动599 Sci-Fi 科幻600 Starz 星际601 Banjo 班卓琴602 Sitar2 西塔琴2603 Detuned Sitar 消音西塔琴（失调西塔琴）604 Kalimba 卡林巴琴605 Bagpipe 苏格兰风笛（风笛）606 Fiddle 小提琴607 Shanai2 山奈琴2608 Tinkle Bell 电话铃（响铃）609 Muted Banjo 弱音斑鸠琴（轻柔班卓琴）610 Bonang 波南611 Altair 祈祷（埃而塔）612 Gamelan Gongs 加麦兰锣613 Stereo Gamelan Gongs 立体声加麦兰锣614 Rama Cymbal 罗摩钹615 Asian Bells 亚洲钟616 Agogo 阿果果617 Steel Drums 钢鼓618 Glass Percussion 玻璃打击乐619 Thai Bells 泰国钟（泰铃）620 Woodblock 木鱼621 Castanets 响板622 Taiko Drum 泰柯鼓623 Gran Cassa 葛兰卡萨624 Melodic Tom 旋律鼓625 Melodic Tom2 旋律鼓2 626 Real Tom 实心鼓627 Rock Tom 摇滚鼓628 Synth Drum 合成鼓629 Analog Tom 模拟鼓630 Electronic Percussion 电子打击乐器631 Reverse Cymbal 背钹632 Fret Noise 急促的噪声（音品噪音）633 Breath Noise 呼吸噪音634 Seashore 海滨635 Bird Tweet 鸟鸣636 Telephone Ring 电话铃637 Helicopter 直升机638 Applause 鼓掌639 Gunshot 枪声640 Cutting Noise 切割声641 Cutting Noise 2 切割声2 642 String Slap 击弦（弦乐鼓击）643 Flute Key Click 鸣笛（长笛音调）644 Shower 阵雨645 Thunder 雷鸣646 Wind 风声647 Stream 河流（溪流）648 Bubble 冒水泡（沸腾）649 Feed 输送650 Dog 犬（狗叫）651 Horse 马嘶652 Bird Tweet 2 鸟鸣2653 Maou 猫呜654 Phone Call 电话655 Door Squeak 门轴吱嘎声656 Door Slam 关门声657 Scratch Cut 刮擦声（擦割声）658 Scratch Split 劈裂声（切割声）659 Wind Chime 风铃660 Telephone Ring2 电话铃2661 Car Engine Ignition 发动汽车（汽车启动声）662 Car Tires Squeal 尖厉的车胎噪音663 Car Passing 汽车经过664 Car Crash 撞车（汽车碰撞）665 Siren 警报器666 Train 火车667 Jet Plane 喷气式飞机668 Starship 宇宙飞船669 Burst 爆炸670 Roller Coaster 船轴（货轮）671 Submarine 潜水艇672 Laugh 笑声673 Scream 尖叫声674 Punch 冲压机675 Heartbeat 心跳676 Footsteps 脚步677 Machine Gun 机关枪678 Laser Gun 雷射枪679 Explosion 爆破680 Firework 焰火681 Power Kit 金属鼓组682 Standard Kit 1 标准鼓组1683 Standard Kit 2 标准鼓组2684 Room Kit 室内鼓组685 Rock Kit 摇滚鼓组686 Electro Kit 电子鼓组687 T8 Kit688 T9 Kit689 Analog Kit 模拟打击乐690 Dance Kit 舞曲鼓组（舞曲打击乐）691 Brush Kit刷击鼓组（刷击打击乐）692 Jazz Kit 爵士鼓组(爵士打击乐)693 Symphony Kit 交响鼓组(交响打击乐)694 ArabicKit 阿拉伯打击乐695 Indian Kit1 印度打击乐1 696 Indian Kit 2 印度打击乐2 697 Cuban Kit 古巴打击乐。
浙师大附中2019学年第一学期期中教学质量检测第一部分信息技术（共50分）一、选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，不选、多选、错选均不得分）1.【答案】B【解析】本题主要考察了对vb对象、方法、事件的了解。
在学习中应结合具体案例进行理解。
截图中AddItem、Clear同属于对象List1的方法，故B正确。
2.【答案】C【解析】本题考查VB对象属性格式，引用对象属性的格式为：对象名称．属性名称，Text控件文本属性为text。
3.【答案】D【解析】本题考查事件过程的格式，应通过上机实践加深理解，熟练使用。
根据VB中事件过程的一般格式可知，该过程的过程名为“Obj_Click”；该对象的对象名为“Obj”；“Sub”是过程语句组成部分，不是该对象的类名。
4. 【答案】D【解析】本题主要考查VB程序的基本运算与表达式，Mid(″123456″，6，1) =″6″。
5. 【答案】D【解析】本题主要考查VB语言的基本运算式与基本语句，数学表达式在VB程序设计中应该表示为（-b+sqr(b*b-4*a*c))/2/a ,故D正确。
6. 【答案】D【解析】文本框Text1的text属性值为“H”。
选项B不是赋值语句,通过赋值语句“Label1.caption="input" ”可把Label1中的文字改为“input”。
运行期间,命令按钮Command1的Caption属性值可以修改。
7.【答案】D【解析】本题主要考查的是算法的流程图，分析流程图、执行流程图，并对流程图进行分析，掌握流程图8.【答案】D【解析】本题考查数组的定义，下标越界就是针对数组变量的使用。
而a(1 To 5)只定义了a(1)~ a(5)。
11.【答案】D【解析】本题主要考查的是VB程序的相关知识，熟悉VB程序的代码是解题的关键。
阅读程序，分析得出，该段代码能实现的功能是：求100—999之间的两个连续奇数之和能被7整除的奇数对的个数，故D正确。
光电英语词汇(O1)光电英语词汇(O1)光电英语词汇(O1)o-ray 寻常光线，寻常射线o-ring o型垫圈oak 橡木object (1)物体(2)目标(3)对象object angle 物角object beam 物光束object depth 物深object distance 物距object field 物方视场object focal point 物方焦点object focus 物方焦点object glass 物镜object line 轮郭线，外形线object locating system 目标定位系统object micrometer 物镜测微计object perceived color 可物体颜色object plane 物平面object point 物点object space 物方，物空间object table 载物台object wave 物体波objection 缺陷，缺点objective (1)物镜(2)目标(3)客观的objective aperture 物镜孔径objective changer 物镜转换器objective function 物镜函数objective grating 物镜光栅objective image 物像objective lens 物镜objective lens adjustement 物镜调整objective magnification 物镜放大率objective measurement 客量度objective prism 物镜棱镜objective with variable focal length 可变焦距物镜oblate spherold 扁球体oblateness 扁率obligatory point 约束体oblique 斜的，倾科的oblique aberration 斜光束像差，轴外物点像差oblique angle 斜角oblique dark ground ilumination 倾斜暗场照明oblique drawing 斜视图oblique illumination 斜射照明oblique incidence interferometer 斜入射干涉仪oblique meridional ray 斜子午光线oblique percil 斜光锥oblique prism 斜角棱镜oblique ray 斜光线，轴外光线oblique sketchmaste 倾斜像片转绘仪oblique spherical aberration 轴外球差oblique wide-angle multiplexprojector 广角倾斜投影测图obliquity (1)倾斜(2)倾角obliquity factor 倾斜因数oblong exit slit 长方志出射狭缝obscuration (1)昏暗(2)遮拦obscuration ratio 遮拦比obscure camera 暗箱obscure glass 闷心玻瑙obscure grays 暗线，模糊射线obscurity 模糊，不清楚observable (1)可观察的(2)可观察量(3)观察算符observation 观察，观测observation error 观测误差observation instrument 观测仪器observation mirror 观察镜observation window 观察窗observatory (1)天文台(2)观测站observeing scaffold 观测架observer 观测员observing ine 视准线obstacele avoidance laser system 激觉防撞系统obstacle avoidance sensor 防撞传感器obstruction (1)障碍，阻塞(2)遮断，遮蔽obtainable accuracy 可达精度obtuse 钝的obtuse angel 钝角occulation (1)掩星(2)隐蔽，隐藏occulting disk 掩蔽区occupancy (1)占有(2)占有率occupied electron state 占有电子态occupied state 已估态occuption number 占有数ocean environment 海洋环境ocean optics (1)海洋光学(2)海洋学学装置oceanography 海洋学ocellus 单眼，眼点ochre (1)赭石(2)赭色ocsillator strenght 振动强度octagon 八边形，八角形octagonal prism 八角形棱镜octahedral 八面体octahedral structure 八面体结构octahedralcrystal 八面晶体octahedron 八面体octal (1)八面的(2)八脚的(3)八进制octal notation 八进制记数法，八进位法octal socket 八脚管座octant 八分义octave (1)倍频程(2)八音度octode 八极管octonary (1)八倍频(2)八进制的octovision 红外线电视暗视ocular (1)眼精的，视觉的(2)目镜ocular circle 出射光瞳ocular esthesiometer 眼球触觉计ocular micrometer 测微目镜，目镜测微计ocular pressure applicator 眼压施予器ocular surface 视角面ocular surgery irrigation device 眼睛手术灌注装置ocular tissue 眼组织oculist 眼科医生oculogyral 动眼的oculometric axis 视轴odd 奇数的odd function 奇函数odd harmonic 奇次谐波odd integer 奇整数odd mode 奇数模odd number 奇数odd parity 奇字称性odd-even nuclei 奇-偶核odd-symmetry 奇对称ode-loced frequency-doubled operation 锁模倍频运转odograph 航线记录器odometer 路程计，里程表odontograph 画齿视oergrowth 附生的oersted 奥(磁场强度单位)oeverhead 架空的off axis aberration 轴外像差off beam axis scattering 离光束轴散射off-axial mode 偏轴模off-axis 离轴，轴外off-axis angle 偏轴角off-axis collimator 偏轴平行光管off-axis ellipsoidal mirror 离轴椭球镜off-axis elliptical mirror 离轴椭圆镜off-axis feedback 离轴反贵off-axis hologram 离轴全息图off-axis holographty 离轴全息术off-axis image 轴外像off-axis laser resonaytor 离轴激光器off-axis parabolic mirror 离轴抛物面反射镜off-axis paraboloids and ellipsoids mirrors 抛物面镜，椭圆面镜off-axis rays 轴外光线off-axis reflecting collimator 离轴反射式准直仪off-band rejection 偏带研减off-center mirror 偏心反射镜off-centering 中心偏移off-color 变色的off-diagonal 非对角的off-duty 备用的off-fibre 撤光纤维off-gage 非标准的，不按规格off-grounded 未接地的，与地断开off-inetrval 关闭间隔off-line 脱机的，离线的off-meridional beam 偏离子午线光束off-plane mounting 偏离平面装置off-position 断路位置off-rating 非标准条件，非正常状态off-resonance effect 非共振效应，失谐效应off-resonance electric state 失谐电子态off-resonance frequency 失谐频率offcenter 偏心，离心offf-plane stigmatic imaging 偏离平面共焦成像offset (1)补偿(2)偏置，偏移offset angle 偏斜角offset axis 偏移轴offset beam 偏移射束offset cam 偏心凸轮offset crank mechanism 偏心曲柄机构offset current 补偿电流offset eyepiece 偏移目镜offset frequency 偏移频率offset guide line 偏置导线offset hologram 离轴全息图offset laser 偏置激光器offset lens 补偿透镜offset line 偏置线offset optical square 偏置光学直角头offset voltage 补偿电压offset-lock 偏移锁定offsetting 偏罝法offtake (1)排出，出口(2)支管(3)分接头ohm 欧姆ohm's law 欧姆定律ohmic conductor 电阻导体ohmic contact 欧姆接触ohmmeter 欧姆计，欧姆表，电阻表ohthalmo-eikonometer 眼科比像计ohthalmological 眼科的oil basin 油箱，油罐，油池，贮油器oil bath (1)油浴(2)油槽oil bearing 油轴承oil damping 油阻尼oil diffusion pump 油扩散亨oil film light value 油膜光oil filter 滤油器oil-imersion objective 油浸物镜oil-immersion bath 油浸池oil-immersion diffractometer 油浸衍射仪oil-quenched 油淬的oil-sealed 油封的oiless bearing 不加油轴承oiliness 润滑性oiling (1)加油，注油(2)加油法，注油法oilkjproof 耐油的oilstone 石old sight 老年视觉ombination ir-laser trackerranger 红外激光跟踪组合测距仪ombination square 组合角尺omegatorn 旋质谱计ommkochrome 眼色素omnibus polisher 多用抛光机omnidirectional optical scanner 全向光学扫描器on-axis chopper blade 同轴斩光盘叶片on-axis light 同轴光on-axis spectroscope 同轴光谱仪on-axis wave 同轴波on-board optical system 机载光学系统on-impedance 接通阻抗on-interval 接通间隔on-line 联机on-line digital image restoration 联机数字图像复原on-line operation 联机操作on-off control 开关控on-off controller 开关控制器on-off mode 开关方式on-positon 接通位置on-state 开态，通路状态on-time 接通持续时间，工作时间once-forbidden 一次禁戒的once-through 一次的，单程的once-way laser unit 单向发射的激光装置ondograph 高频示波器ondometer 波长计，测波器one dimension detector arrays 线型检光元件one direction thrust bearing 单向推力轴承，单向止推轴承one flank gear rolling tester 单面啮合齿检查仪one pasa laser (1)单程激光(2)单程激光器one shot camera 单镜头抏影机one-axis laser gyroscope 单轴激光陀螺仪one-dimensional 单锥的one-dimensional aperture 一维孔径one-dimensional deflection 一维偏转one-dimensional fourier transformation 一维傅里叶变换one-dimensional grating 一维光栅，单维光栅one-dimensional hologram 一维全息图one-dimensional manipulation 一维计算one-dimmensional array 一维阵列one-dimmensional laser 一维激光器one-electron theory 单电子理论one-generator 单发生器one-jpiece multifocal lens 单片焦透镜one-line scanning 单行扫描one-phase 单相的one-piece 单件one-piece multifocal construction 单片多焦距结构one-stage amplifier 单级放大器one-way channel 单向波道one-way glass laser 单向玻璃激光器onu (optical network unit)光纤网路单体onu (optical network unit)光纤网路单体op rating range 作用距离，工作范围opa optical fiber amplifier 光纤放大器opacimeter 暗度计，浊度计opacimetry 暗度测量，浊测量opacity (1)不透明性，阻光性(2)不透明度，阻光度(3)暗opal 蛋白石opal glass 乳色玻璃opalescence (1)乳白色(2)乳白光opaque 不透明的opaque body 不透明体opaqueness (1)不透明性(2)不透明度opdar (optical direction and ranging)光雷达opeing angle 孔径角open bubble 开口气泡open circuit 断路，开路open hole 空心open line 明线open sight 瞄准器open tube 开口管，空心管open washer (1)开口垫圈(2)弹簧垫圈open wire 明线，裸线open-circuti impedance 断路阻接open-cycle 开环open-cycle co2 laer 开环二氧化碳激光器open-oloop describing function 开环描述函数open-tuype resonator 启开式共振器opening (1)断开(2)孔，通道(3)孔径opera glas 观剧镜operating front aperture 前工作孔径operating headlamp 手术用头灯operating instruction 使用说明书operating lever 操纵杆operating load 工作负载operating nojise factor 工作噪声因数operating point 工作点operating sequence 操作程序operating voltage 工作电压operation (1)操作，运用(2)运算operation sequence 工序，操作程序operational amplifier 运算放大器operational calculus 运算微绩分operational condition 操作条件operational method 运算法operational mode 运转模operational research 运筹学operator (1)操作人员(2)算符，算子operator error 操作者误差ophtalmic prism 检眼棱镜ophtalmic testing 眼科检查ophtalmological optics 眼科光学ophtalmotonometer 眼压计ophthalmic 眼的ophthalmic bar prism 眼科用棒状棱镜ophthalmic bar reader 视力障碍阅读机ophthalmic beta radiation source 眼科用beta 辐射源装置ophthalmic camera 眼科摄影机ophthalmic chair 眼科用椅ophthalmic conformer 眼科用复合材料ophthalmic electrolysis unit 眼科用电解器ophthalmic eye shield 眼科用眼罩ophthalmic fresnel prism 眼科用fresnel 棱镜ophthalmic glass 镜片玻璃ophthalmic instrument stand 眼科器械架ophthalmic instrument table 眼科用器械台ophthalmic isotope uptake probe 眼科用同位素吸收量探测器ophthalmic knife test drum 眼科用刀片测试鼓ophthalmic laser 眼科雷射装置ophthalmic lens gauge 眼科镜片测量器ophthalmic lenses 验眼透镜ophthalmic operating spectacles (loupes)眼科用手术眼镜(放大镜)ophthalmic photocoagulator 眼科用光凝固仪ophthalmic preamplifier 眼科用光刺激器ophthalmic prism reader 眼科用棱镜阅读机ophthalmic projector 眼科用投影机ophthalmic refractometer 眼科验光机ophthalmic rotary prism 眼科旋转棱镜ophthalmic sponge 眼科用海棉ophthalmic surgical marker 眼科手术标记器ophthalmic tantalum clip 眼科用钽制夹ophthalmic trial lens clip 眼科试验镜片夹ophthalmic trial lens frame 眼科试验镜片框架ophthalmic trial lens set 眼科试验镜片组ophthalmo-dynamometer 眼动态计，眼膜曲率测力计ophthalmological instrument 眼科仪器ophthalmologist 眼科学家，眼科医生ophthalmology 眼科学家，眼科医生ophthalmometer 检眼计，眼膜曲率计ophthalmoscope 眼底镜ophthalmoscopic 检眼镜的opic lens 渥匹克透镜opitcal attenuator 光学研减器opitcal beacon 光指向标opitcal emission speectrography 发光摄谱仪opitcal mode 光模oposite spins 反向自旋opposed shutter (1)反向快门(2)双遮光器快门opposed wave 反向波opposite angles 对角opposite circular polarization 反向圆偏振opposite parity 反宇称性opposite transition 反向跃迁oppositely aligned 相对排列，相对取向opsearch 运筹学optacon 盲人激光阅读器optar (optical automatic rangeing)光测距仪opthalmic instrument 眼科仪器opthalmic optics 人眼光学opthalmic plastic 镜片塑料opththalmic contact lens radius measuring device 眼科隐形眼镜半径测量装置opti-electronic antenna 光电天线optiaclly-matched crystals 光匹配晶体optiamal linearization 最佳线性化optiaml characteristics 最佳特性optic 光学镜片optic analytical instrument 光学分析仪器optic angle 光轴角optic block 光学装置optic chiasma 视交叉optic nerve fibre 视神经纤维optic nerver 视觉神经optic-encoded system 光学编码系统optica accessories 光学附件optica arrangement 光学装置optica briidge circuti 光桥路optica generation 光波振荡optica multiplexing 光多路传输optica satellite 光学卫星optical (1)光学的(2)视学的optical "yardstick" 光码尺optical absorption 光学吸收optical access couple 光学取数耦合器optical acquistion 光学探测optical active substance 旋光物质optical activty 旋光性optical admittance 光输入，光导纳optical air pollution measurement and detection equipment 光学大气污染检测设optical ais 光轴optical alignment (1)光学调准(2)光学准直optical altimeter 光学测高计optical ammeter 光学安培计，光学电流计optical amplification 光放大optical amplifier 光放大器optical amplitude modulator 光振富调制器optical analog 光学模拟optical analog device 光学模拟装置optical analog transform technique 光学模拟变换技术optical analogue computer 光学模拟计算机optical analyzer 光学检偏镜optical anemometer 光学风速计optical angle 视角optical antenna 光学天线optical antenna gain 光学天线增益optical antimer 光对映体optical antipode 光对映体optical arm 光学臂optical asymetery 光学不对称optical attenuator 光衰减器optical axis of crystal 晶体光轴optical band 光波段optical beam 光束optical beam addressable storage 光束寻址存储optical beam expander 光束扩张器，扩束器optical beam flying 光束授描optical beam splitter 光束分光镜optical bench 光具座optical benches 光具座optical bevel portractor 光学量角器optical boroscope 光学缺陷探测仪optical cable 光缆optical calculating machine 光计算机optical calculation 光学计算optical caliper 光学校准器optical cavity 光共振腔optical cavity mode 光学共振腔模optical cement 光学胶合渊，光胶optical cements and adhesives 光学用胶合剂/接着剂optical centre 光心optical ceramics 光学陶瓷optical channel (1)光通道(2)光波道optical character reader 光学字符读出器optical character recognition equipment (ocr) 光学字元阅读机(ocr)optical character recognition equipment(ocr) 光学字元阅读机(ocr)optical characteristics 光学特性optical charcter recognition machine 光学字符辨识机optical choppers, mechanical modulators 光截波器，机械式光调变器optical circular tabke 光学圆分度台optical circulator 光学循环器光陀螺optical circulators 光环流器optical clinometer 光学倾斜仪optical coating 光学涂层，光学涂膜optical code 光码optical coherent radar 相干光雷达optical collector 聚光器optical colorimeter 光学色度计optical comb 光梳optical communiation link 光通信线路optical communication 光定通信optical communication system, long-haul terrestrial local interoffice 长途干线/局optical communication system, subscriber loop 用户回路光通讯系统optical communication system,long-haul terrestrial local interoffice 长途干线/局间中继光通讯系统optical communication system,subscriber loop 用户回路光通讯系统optical communtation circuit 光开关电路optical commutator 光学变换器optical comparator 光学比较仪optical compensator 光学补偿器optical component 光学元件optical computer 光学计算机optical computing 光学计算optical configuation 光学结构optical connector sizes measuring equipment 光连接器尺寸量测器optical connectors with fiber 光连接器(含光纤线)optical constant 光学常数，光学恒量optical contant 光接触，光胶合optical continuum 光连续区optical contraster 光学增衬器optical converter 光学变换器optical convolution 光学卷积optical corner reflector 光学直角反射器optical correction 光学校正optical correlation 光学相关optical correlator 光相关器optical counter-rotating wedges 反向旋转光楔optical countermeasusres 光学对抗optical couplers, tap/splitter 光纤耦合器(两分支)optical couplers, tree 光纤耦合器(树状分支)optical couplers, wdm, dual-wavelength 光分波合波器(两波长)optical coupling 光耦合optical cross connects 光交接optical cross section 光学截面optical crosstalk 光学串话，串光optical crystal 光学晶体optical cycle 光学周期optical damage threshold 光学损坏阈optical dat-transmission channel 光学数据传输信道optical data 光学数据optical data digitizer 光学数据字化器optical data handling 光学数据处理optical data processor 光学数据处理机optical decoy 光假目标optical defect 光学缺陷optical defects of crystals 晶体光缺陷optical deflection 光偏体optical deflector 光偏转器optical deformation 光学形变optical delay line 光延迟线optical densitometer 光密度计optical densitometry 光密度测量术optical density 光密度optical depression 旋光性降低optical depth 光深度optical design 光学设计optical design and engineering services 光学设计及技术服务optical design software and equipment 光学设计软体及设备optical detection 光学探测optical detector 光学探测器optical device 光学装置，光学器件optical device polishing machines 光学元件研磨加工设备optical device vacuum evaporation equipment 光学元件真空蒸镀设备optical diameter 光学直径optical dichroism 光学二向色性optical diffractometer 光衍射计optical digital computer 光学数字计算机optical diode 光二极管optical directional afinding 光学测向optical directional and ranging (opdar)光学定向和测距，光雷达optical directional coupler 光学定耦合器optical disc cartridges 光碟匣optical disk 光盘optical disk data storage materials 光碟记录材料optical disk drive inspection equipment 光碟测定检查设备(装置用)optical disk inspection equipment 光碟测定检查设备(碟片用)optical disk recorder 光盘记录器，光盘录像机optical disk substrate materials 光碟基板，基板材料optical displacement sensor 光学位移传感器optical distance (1)光程(2)可见距离optical distortion 光畸变optical dividing head 光学分度头optical dome 光学球置optical doppler radar 多普勒光雷达optical dynameter 倍率计optical electronics 光电子学optical element 光学元件，光学零件optical encoder 光学编码器optical encoders, angle sensors 光学式编码器,角度感测器optical englineering 光学工程optical equivalence 光学等效optical evaluation facility 光学检验设备optical exaltation 旋光性增强optical excitaiton 光激发optical excited laser 光激发脉冲optical exciting pulse 光激发脉冲optical eye level finder 光学直视水平瞄准器optical fabrication 光学加工optical farday rotaion isolator 光学法拉第旋转隔离器optical feedback 光反馈optical feedback image intensifying system 光学反馈图像增强系统optical fiber displays 光纤显示器optical fiber mode field parameters test equipment 光纤模态参数测试器optical fiber sizes measuring equipment 光纤尺寸量测器optical fiber strength test equipment 光纤强度测试器optical fiber test equipment 光纤测试设备optical fibre (optical-fiber)光学纤维optical fibre bundle 光学纤维束optical fibre cable 纤维光缆optical fibre cavity 纤维光腔optical fibre communication 光学纤维通信optical fibre connector 光学纤维连接器optical fibre pickoff coupler 光学纤维传感耦合器optical fibre resonator 光学纤维共振腔optical fibre wave guide 光学纤维波导optical field 光场optical film-fibre cojupler 光薄膜纤维耦合器optical filter 滤光器，滤光片optical filter box 滤光片组件optical finder 光学取景器optical fire-control instrument 光学击揈制仪器optical fiubre transmission 光学纤维传输optical flat 光学平面optical flat gage 光学平面规optical flatness 光学平滑度，光学光滑度optical flats 光学平面optical focus switch 光聚焦开关optical fourier transform 光学傅里叶变换optical frequencies 光频段optical frequency mixing 光混频optical frequency shit 光频移optical frequency standarad 光频标准optical frequency translation 光频变换optical frequnency 光频optical frequnency amplifier 光频放大器optical frequnency converter 光频变换器optical fuse 光引信optical gate 光闸optical generator 光发生器，光振荡器optical glass 光学玻璃optical glass blank 光学玻璃毛柸optical goniometer 光学测角计optical grating 光栅optical grinding 光学研磨optical guidance 光制导optical guiding system 光制导系统optical harmonic generation 光学谐波振荡optical harmonics 光谐波optical head controllers, control ics/modules 光学头伺服装置,伺服用ic模组optical head servomotors 光学头驱动装置optical heads , pick-up heads 光学头，光学读取头optical height finder 光学测高仪optical heterody spectroscoy 光频外差光谱学optical heterodyne detection 光频外差控测optical heterodyne radar 频外差雷达optical heterodyne receiver 光频外差接收器optical heterogeneity 光学非均匀性optical holography 光学全息术optical homer (1)光学自动寻的头(2)光学自动寻的导弹optical homing head axis 光学导引头瞄准轴optical homodyne 光学零差optical homodyne receiver 光学零拍接收机optical horizon sensor 光学地平传感器optical ic 光ic optical illusion 光幻觉，光错觉optical image 光学象optical image feedbalck 光学图像反馈optical image former 光学成像器optical image transmission device 光学图像传输装置optical imagery 光学图像optical immersed detector 生浸没式探测器optical index 光学指数，折射率optical indicator (1)光学指示器(2)光学示功计optical information 光学信息optical information processing 光学信息处理optical information storage 光学信息存储optical information tarnsfer 光学信息传递optical injection 光学注入optical input 可见光输入optical instrument 光学仪器optical insulation 光学绝绿optical integration 光学集成optical integrator 光学积分器optical intensity 光强optical interaction 光学相互作用optical interference 光波干涉optical interference coating 光波干涉膜，光学干涉膜optical interference filter 光学干涉滤光片optical interference method 光波干涉法optical interferometer 光学干涉仪optical interval 光学间隔optical invariant 光学不变量optical ionization energy 光电离能optical isolation 光学隔离optical isolator 光学隔离器optical isolators for communication 光隔离器(通信用)optical isolators for non-communication 光隔离器(非通信用)optical isomer 旋光异构体optical isomerism 旋光异构optical jig boring machine 光学坐标镗床optical lan system 光区域网路系统optical laser radar 激光雷达optical laying 光学瞄准optical laying equipment 光学瞄准器optical length 光程长optical lens 光学透镜optical lens wave gudie 光学透镜波导optical level (1)光能级(2)光学水平仪optical lever 光杠杆optical levitation 光学悬浮optical line-scan device 光行扫描器optical liquide 光学浸液optical lock-on (1)光学跟(2)光学锁定optical log 光学测程器optical magnetic probe 光磁探针optical manufacutre 光学加工optical mark reader 光学符号读取optical maser (1)激光(2)激光器optical maser action 激光作用optical maser altimeter 激光测高仪optical maser oscillator 激光振荡器optical maser wavelength 激光波长optical mask 光学掩模optical mass memory 大容量光存储器optical matched filter 光学匹配滤波器optical matched-filter imagecorrelator 光学匹配滤波像相关器optical materials 光学材料optical materials machining services 光学材料机械加工optical means 光学方法optical measurement 光学测量optical medium 光学媒质optical member 光学元件optical memory 光学存储器optical metrological instrument 光学计量仪器optical mice 光学滑鼠optical micrometer 光学测微器optical mirror 光学反射镜optical mixer 光混频器optical mixjing 光混频optical mode of vibration 光学动模optical mode scattering 光学模散射optical model 光学模型optical modulation 光调制optical modulator 光调制器optical mosatic (1)光学镶嵌(2)感光镶嵌幕optical multichannel analysis 光学多通道分析optical navigation system 光学导航系统optical navigator 光学导航装置optical nerve 视神经optical noise 光学噪声optical noise level (1)光学噪声电平(2)光学噪声级optical noise map 光学噪声图optical nutation 光学章动optical obrbiting device 光学轨道飞行器optical observation 光学观测optical oode reading wand 光碥读数杆optical orbital rendezvous apparaturs 轨道会合用光学装置optical orientation device 光学取向器optical oscillator 光激射振荡器optical parallel rays 光学平行光束optical parallelism 光学平行性optical parallels 光学平行面optical paramertric oscillator 光学参量振荡器optical parametric amplification 光参量户大optical particle decoy 光粒子假目标optical path 光程，光路optical path computer 光程计算机optical path diifference 光程差optical path distortion 光路畸变optical path fluctuation 光程起伏optical path length 光程长optical pattern 光图样optical phase deviation 光相位偏差optical phase modulator 光调相器optical phase shifter 光移相器optical phase shifters 光移相器optical phase-difference radar 相差光雷达optical phased array 光频整相阵列optical phonon 光学声子optical physics 光学物理optical pickoff 光学传感器optical pickup (1)光学拾波器(2)光学摄像管optical plastics 光学塑料optical plastics lens 划学塑料透镜optical plumb 光测铅垂线optical plummet 光测悬锤optical printing 光学印片optical probing 光探测optical processing 光学处理optical processing system 光学处理系统optical processor 光学处理机optical projection pantograph 光学投缩放仪optical projector 光学投影仪optical propagation 光传播optical propperty 光性能optical protractor 光学测角器optical protractor level 光学测角水准器，光学象限仪optical pulse 光脉冲optical pulse code modulation 光脉冲编码调制optical pulse compression 光学脉冲码调制optical pulse generators 光脉冲产生设备optical pulse height 光脉冲高度optical pulsed ranging 光学脉冲测距optical pump 水亨optical pumped gas 水抽运气体optical pumping 光抽运optical pumping energy 光抽运能optical pumping radiation 光抽运辐射optical pumping scheme 光抽运图optical pumping system 光抽运系统optical pyrometer 光学高温计optical pyrometry 光学高温测量术optical quenching 光猝灭optical radar 光雷达optical radar altimeter 光雷达测高计optical radiation 光辐射optical radome 光学天线罩optical range 光测距，直观距离optical range finder 光学测距仪optical range finding technique 光学测距技术optical reader 光读出器optical receiver 光接收器optical receiver assembly 光学接收装置optical rectification 光整流optical reference line 光学参考线，光学基准线optical reference plane 光学参考面，光学基准面optical reflector (1)反光镜(2)光反射器optical remote control equipment 光遥控器optical resolution 光学分辨率，光学分辨能力optical resonator 光学共振器optical resonator of p-n junction laserp-n 结型激光器谐振腔optical resonators 光共振器optical retardation plate 光学延迟样optical rotary dispersion 旋光色散optical rotary table 光学分度台optical rotating power 旋光本领optical rotating stage 光学转台optical rotation (1)旋光性(2)旋光度optical rotator 光学旋转器optical sampling 光学取样optical scale 光学度盘optical scanner 光学扫描器optical scanning system 光学扫描系统optical scintillation 光闪耀optical search 光搜索optical second harmonic 光学二次谐波optical second harmonic generation 光学二次谐波振荡optical seeker 光学自动导引头optical seeker scanning system 光学自导扫描系统optical selection rule 光学选择定则optical sensing head 光学传感头optical sensor 光学传感器optical sensor system 光学传感系统optical shutter (1)光学快门(2)光闸optical sight (1)光学瞄准(2)光学瞄准具optical signal carrier 光信号载波optical signal detection 光信号探测optical signal distortion 光信号畸变optical signal entropy 光信号熵optical signal modulation 光信号调制optical signal modulator 光信号调制器optical signal processing 光信号处理optical signal processor 光学信息处理机optical sink 光壑optical skyglass 光学望远镜optical society of america 美国光学学会optical sound recorder 光学录声机optical sound recording 光学录声optical sound reproducer 光学放声装置optical sound track 光录声迹optical source 光源optical specification 光学鉴定optical spectroscope 分光镜optical spectroscopy 分光法optical spectrum 光谱optical spectrum analyser 光谱分析器optical spectrum analysis 光谱分析器optical spectrum analyzers 光谱分析仪optical square 光直角规，直角转光器optical stark effect 光学斯塔克效应optical stiulation 光剌激optical storage 光存储optical storage capacity 光存储容量optical strain 光学应变光电英语词汇(O1) 相关内容:41。
1从键盘输入3个数值，按降序显示。
要求用主图实现。
2从键盘输入一个数值x，显示函数值f(x)。
f(x)={|x|−3.5，当x≤2.3时sincos(x−7)，当2.3<x≤10时√x，当10<x时。
要求用主图实现。
3从键盘输入非负整数n，显示n!。
要求用主图实现。
(如果题目没有具体要求则非负不需要限定)4显示所有的水仙花数。
一个三位正整数，如果等于该数的每位数字的立方和，则被称为水仙花数。
要求用主图实现。
（假设一个数是365，该题关键就是如何得到百位，十位和各位）注：A代表百位：365/100=3.65 对3.65取整用floor函数，结果是3B代表十位：365/10=36.5 对36.5取整得36，用36 mod 10得到的余数是6C代表各位：365 mod 10 余数是55从键盘输入一个不小于2的的整数，判断其是否为素数。
要求用主图实现。
注：素数的算法很多，用哪个都行，也可以用我们上课练习的。
6显示100到150之间的所有素数。
要求用主图和过程isp实现。
过程isp(m,f)的功能是，判断整数m（m≥2）是否为素数，如果是素数，则f为true，否则f为false。
7显示如下图形。
************************************要求用主图和prt(m,c)过程实现，该过程的功能是，显示m个字符c。
此题的关键点是分两部分输出，第一部分是输出空格，第二部分是输出*8在一个笼子里有若干只鸡和若干只兔，从上面数共有42个头，从下面数共有94只脚，编写程序求解鸡和兔各是多少只？9 已知一个有10个整数组成的数列，按升序排列并显示结果。
要求整数数列用随机函数产生，范围是[10，210]。
随机数请记住：例如：生成a到b范围的随机数a+floor(random*(b-a+1))10输入两个正整数m和n，计算并显示m和n的最大公约数和最小公倍数。
注：最小公倍数=两个数的积/最大公约数11产生并显示6个10到20之间的随机整数，并显示其中的最大数及其位置。
噪音常用術語一、聲學常用術語1. absorption coefficient吸音係數：材料吸收的聲能與入射聲能之比值。
2. acoustical calibrator聲學校準器：用來校準麥克風、噪音計的儀器。
3. ambient noise環境噪音：在環境中所有聲源產生噪音的總和。
4. anechoic room無響室或稱無迴音室：邊界能幾乎吸收所有的入射波而形成室內是自由聲場的封閉空間。
5. antinode波腹：駐波內振幅最大的點、線或面。
6. Ａ-Weighting A加權：模擬人耳對各種不同頻率的聲音感覺不一樣的加權方法。
7. background noise背景噪音：在測量系統中，和量測信號無關的一切噪音。
8.band pressure level頻帶聲壓位準：在某一特定頻帶（如八音度頻帶）從下限頻率至上限頻率的聲壓位準。
9. CPB固定百分比頻寬：CPB是Constant Percentage Bandwidth的簡寫，它表示每一個相鄰頻帶的寬度比是固定的百分比。
10. decibel分貝：聲音的物理量與參考物理量的比值取對數後乘以10或20。
11. diffuse sound field擴散場：在各傳播方向呈無規則分佈且能量密度均勻的聲場。
12. diffraction繞射：因為空間形狀的改變使得聲波傳播方向改變的現象。
13. dispersion頻散：聲音的速度隨頻率而變化的現象。
14. Leq(equivalent continuous noise level)等效連續聲壓位準：Ａ加權聲壓位準在某一特定時間內平均值。
15. equal loudness contours等響曲線：在聲壓位準頻率圖上各種不同頻率但聽起來同樣響之點所連成的曲線。
16. far field遠場：自由場中離聲源距離加倍，則聲壓位準減少6分貝的聲場。
17. free field自由場：邊界對聲波的影響可以忽略不計的聲場。
噪音常用术语一、声学常用术语1. absorption coefficient吸音系数：材料吸收的省能与入射声能之比值。
2. acoustical calibrator声学校准器：用来校准麦克风、噪音計的仪器。
3. ambient noise环境噪音：在环境中所有声源产生噪音的总和。
4. anechoic room无响室或称无回音室：边界能几乎吸收所有的入射波而形成室內是自由声场的封闭空间。
5. antinode波腹：驻波內振幅最大的点、线或面。
6. Ａ-Weighting A加权：模擬人耳对各种不同频率的声音感觉不一样的加权方法。
7. background noise背景噪音：在测量系统中，和量测信号无关的一切噪音。
8.band pressure level频带声压位准：在某一特定频带（如八音度频带）从下限频率至上限频率的声压位准。
9. CPB固定百分比频宽：CPB是Constant Percentage Bandwidth的简写，它表示每一个相邻频带的宽度比是固定的百分比。
10. decibel分贝：声音的物理量与参考物理量的比值取对数后乘以10或20。
11. diffuse sound field扩散声场：在各传播方向呈无规则分布且能量密度均匀的声场。
12. diffraction绕射：因为空间形状的改变使得声波传播方向改变的现象。
13. dispersion频散：声音的速度随频率而变化的现象。
14. Leq(equivalent continuous noise level)等效连续声压级：Ａ加权声压位准在某一特定时间內平均值。
15. equal loudness contours等响曲线：在声压位准频率图上各种不同频率但听起来同样响之点所连成的曲线。
16. far field远场：自由场中离声源距离加倍，则声压级減少6分贝的声场。
17. free field自由场：边界对声波的影响可以忽略不計的声场。
