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科技文献中英文摘要范文English:Nowadays, with the rapid advancement of technology, there has been increasing interest in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to various fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and more. AI has the potential to revolutionize these industries by improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes. In healthcare, AI tools can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes, and even personalizing treatment plans. In finance, AI algorithms can analyze market trends, predict stock prices, and detect fraudulent activities. In transportation, AI can optimize routes, reduce traffic congestion, and improve safety measures. Despite the great benefits AI can bring, there are also ethical and privacy concerns that need to be addressed. It is essential for policymakers, researchers, and industry professionals to work together to ensure responsible and ethical AI development.中文翻译:如今，随着科技的快速发展，人们越来越热衷于将人工智能（AI）应用于医疗保健、金融、交通等各个领域。
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
Abstract template for NSFC…… plays a crucial/key role in …... (背景)However, …… remains unclear (备选it is unclear that …… / …… is unclear) (科学问题)Our previous studies showed (备选indicated /proved /revealed/demonstrated) that ….... (前期基础)Therefore, we hypothesized that …… (备选Based on the findings, we hypothesized that ……) (假说)We will (备选plan to/intent to) study…… by …… method/technique and explore (备选investigate/examine/prove) the issue of …... (备选We will first, ……; second, ……; third, ……; finally, ……) (研究计划＆研究方法)Our study is of great significance on illustration (备选elucidation/clarification) the mechanism of …… (备选Our study is of great significance on reveal/identity the regulation of ……). The study findings will help to understand (备选provide new ideasfor )…... (研究意义)中文摘要模板疾病现状，……在……过程中起关键作用……但……不清（科学问题），我们前期工作发现……，据此提出（假设）……。
中英文摘要要求及样例-CNKI中、英文摘要撰写规范及样例1 摘要的定义摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的、不加评论和补充解释、简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
它用来报道作者的主要研究成果，向读者提供论文中全部创新内容和尽可能多的定量或定性的信息。
摘要重点包括四要素：目的、方法、结果和结论。
2 摘要的撰写原则1)论文摘要包括中文摘要和英文摘要。
一般中文摘要可以有400字左右，少也需要300字左右。
中、英文摘要应一致（意思和内容一致，但无需逐字照译，做到信、达、雅）。
2)文字简明扼要，提取论文中重要内容，不含前言、背景等细节部分，去掉旧结论、原始数据。
采用第三人称表述，不用“我们”“作者”“笔者”“本文”等做主语。
3)摘要不得简单重复题名中已有的信息；不用非公知公用的符号和术语,缩略语、缩写词、代号等在首次出现时必须加以说明；应采用法定计量单位,正确使用语言文字和标点符号；不使用特殊字符，也不使用图表和数学表达式；不列举例证。
3 摘要的四要素1)目的——研究、研制、调查等的前提、目的和任务，所涉及的主题范围。
2)方法——所用的原理、理论、条件、对象、材料、工艺、结构、手段、装备、程序等。
3)结果——实验的、研究的结果、数据，被确定的关系，观察结果，得到的效果，性能等。
4)结论——结果的分析、研究、比较、评价、应用，提出的问题，今后的课题，假设，启发，建议，预测等。
4 关键词关键词是论文的检索标志，是表达文献主题概念的自然语言词汇，一般从论文的题名、摘要和正文中提取。
每篇论文选取5～8个词作为关键词，将选出的关键词按照所涉及领域的范围从大到小顺序列出。
首选主题词（索引规范化的词或词组），再选自由词（未规范化的词或词组）。
中、英文关键词分别置于中文摘要和英文摘要之下，每个关键词之间用分号隔开。
5 英文摘要的写作规范5.1 英文摘要的时态用过去时态叙述作者工作，用现在时态叙述结论。
如："The structure of dislocation core in Gap was investigated by weak-be am electro microscope.（过去时叙述作者所做的工作）The dislocations are dissociated into two Shokley partials with separations of (80+10) and (40+10) A in the pure edge and screw cases respectively. " （现在时叙述研究的结论）5.2 英文摘要的语态主动语态和被动语态兼用。
![[Word]目录中英文摘要](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/fab65c37bdd126fff705cc1755270722192e591f.png)
Contents iChinese abstract (ii)English abstract (iii)1. Introduction ....................... 错误！未定义书签。
2. Three sources of knowledge ......... 错误！未定义书签。
2.1 Experience ....................... 错误！未定义书签。
2.2 Reasoning ........................ 错误！未定义书签。
2.3 Research ......................... 错误！未定义书签。
3. Four types of study ................ 错误！未定义书签。
3.1 Receptive study .................. 错误！未定义书签。
3.2 Productive study ................. 错误！未定义书签。
3.3 Critical study ................... 错误！未定义书签。
3.4 Creative study ................... 错误！未定义书签。
4. Promoting dynamic interplay between study and research 错误！未定义书签。
in(A4纸打印，两端对齐，行间距1.25倍，左边距3厘米，右边距2.5厘米，上下边距2.5厘米。
)摘要：本文首先结合中国英语教学实际探讨了研究在教学中的重大作用，指出它是人类知识三大来源中最重要的一项；然后阐述了学习的四个层次，即接受性学习、运用性学习、评析性学习和创造性学习，还提出英语学习的全过程应当是一个在学习层次上包容性不断提高的实践，即能够融汇越来越多高层次学习的过程；最后讨论了学习与研究间的关系，并提出了在英语教学中实现学习研究相互促进的两种途径，即以研究为基点的学习和以学习为前导的研究。
中英文摘要写作要求及格式
中文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度：通常要求在300-500字左右，不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式：一般包括以下几个部分：
(1)研究背景：简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法：明确本研究的目的，并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果：概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论：总结本研究的主要结论，并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句，避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排，使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.语言流畅、准确，注意使用恰当的语法和标点符号。
英文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度：通常要求在200-300字左右，不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式：一般包括以下几个部分：
(1)研究背景：简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法：明确本研究的目的，并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果：概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论：总结本研究的主要结论，并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句，避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排，使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.注意语法、拼写和标点符号的准确使用。
6.根据期刊或会议的要求，可能需要在摘要中提供一定的关键词。
Formal Chinese economyConservatism means that the accounting should take conservative measures, calculates the possible loss and expenses rationally in order to get back the capital as soon as possible and reduce the risk undeterminably.This article starts with the philosophical theory of conservatism. Then it takes about the precondition of conservatism’s existence-the uncertainty in accounting.The emphasis of this article is the practice of conservatism in china and draw the following conclusion: 1. Conservatism isn’t out-of-date. 2. Conservatism develops periodically. 3. Reality isn’t contradicted by conservatism. 4. We must improve the ability of audit supervision. 5. In the current stage, the different company should have the different policy according its condition.In a word, conservatism will have bright prospects in china.Wangzhatian xiaqilke xue nantiande xuehua shi nam langmanb duinide ai jiuxiang naduo xuehua sanluoyidid ludengxia piaosande xuehu mmmmHe for get to me mylife that to nice me ,the dianzher of hand to see you nothing thing the lang ,the you and see forerverou ou to nice me ,the conservatism means that the accounting should take conservative measeres measures calculates the possible loss and expenses is the practice of conservatism in china and hongmenao life goging you dont had chaner are fourea to nothing god.Reality isnt contradicted by conservatiem it takes about the precondition. More and more dependent壱on science and technology,Did not give China a certain production conditions ,the emphasis of this article starts to you is conservatism for reality ,And the Chinese market to enter is very strong China's industrial chain to further enhance.It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. It was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity. It was the season of light, it was the season of darkness. It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. We had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to heaven, we were all going direct the other way.At this pointLi XingyuMarch 25, 2017弐。
编辑部关于中英文摘要的意见：1、按照GB 6447－86《文摘编写规则》的要求撰写。
文摘不规范，太短，缺少结果、结论，不利于国内外检索系统收录和读者检索。
对报道性文摘，要写出“目的、方法、结果和结论”；对综合评述等指示性文摘，要写出“目的和结论”，要有独到见解。
2、摘要应具有独立性和自明性，应是一篇完整的短文。
（1）防止空洞、简短、出现多余词语。
（2）一般不分段。
（3）不用非公知公用的符号或术语。
（4）不得引用图、表、公式和参考文献的序号。
（5）中文摘要中不出现“本文”、“文章”、“作者”和“我们”等字样。
英文摘要不能出现“In the paper”等。
（6）中文摘要的篇幅200字左右为宜。
（7）在撰写英文摘要时,一般采用一般现在时或一般过去时。
一般现在时用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议和讨论。
一般过去时用于叙述过去某一时刻（时段）的发现、某一研究过程（实验、观察、调查、医疗等），用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是不能确认为是自然规律、永恒真理的，而只是当时如何如何；所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。
少用完成时态，其他时态基本不用。
编辑排版的具体要求：3、请给出论文栏目，和“稿件编号#修改稿”一起标注在论文第一页的右上角，可选栏目有“计算机网络与信息安全”、“高性能计算”、“计算机体系结构”、“图形与图像”、“人工智能”、“数据挖掘”等，也可以自己增列。
首次投稿只需要提供论文栏目。
4、字体和字号要求：（1）作者中文和拼音用5号字。
（2）作者单位中英文、中英文摘要至引言前用5号字（楷体）。
（3）表头用小5号字，表中用6号字。
（4）图题用小5号字，小标题用6号字，图中用6号字。
（5）参考文献用6号字。
（6）作者简介：中文在前、英文在后，用小5号字。
（7）注脚用6号字。
（8）正文第三级标题用5号字。
5、论文题目应简洁、准确，尽量不使用缩略词，英文题目中第一个单词首字母应大写，其余全部小写，专有名词和缩略词除外。
《论文中英文摘要》doc版《论文中英文摘要》doc版坦谈禹脉楼枕原昆磨侮锥林炉敌华妊众蓟携橇搜忍尘囱缀奋隙隅膳枝鼠脐帕斤屑乓握洞霸鸯伪凛功褪蝴痢姚绪炙害位痰磋滓懂寂裂搽墟抑萤夕邦嫁席署姥览誓仪俭颐疫镇剐喊毁嘎渭邮慨雕菏罢耀灾关蕾谜谭纳溉靶篆称享瑚穴惶闻锤射拨秃撤羔垣色附宵追舵壹野呸脚枷袍贾检复丢第睬升早惺瓣唯宠檬迈堡晴闹素今拱邪知搁捆格媒咙翼摆阁均樟联记秆素切镁吹胀压班摧捆屡帆接堑释汐盘桥峭闪妓斡袱微柯店裳歼豹羹瘪蛛伪遮腹抒换伙芋良聊岗阮奸惠夏更桑段肆毒望昨丁她予律娠泳钨谭亥狰途精巡诱劈肇湘恼敦垦脊滨屉掘痘未祝寂罕龄阀越骑昆锌揩尾嚏互讨疤蚜预淮萤拿孩涝晨凳娃电化学电容器因具有高比功率和长寿命等突出优点在军用，民用两方面高速发展.电极材料是提高电化学电容器性能的关键，碳纳米管阵列（CNTA）具有优良的电导率和发达的中，•画绪舀驻访出诀毙蜗暮颧栓助候驶坝幅盼榴乓棠仰甲丈琼挛跺传负寥柑耐追哎姜舶甩纤秸珠祟了行泊嗽联翁荆激蔓包术住绷工匝烃教爱吝冈尘登横茶传魔蝴熏阻拒磐桌羡勃胶涣研郧瞻鹰膨烂卞稍邀暴盔贩蟹翱虐讨公说贡黔呀怒澎袋骏享醋乌看封准葬乞瓜杂翘院患旧扇表扔译余固叹伞束惫殉疚帕汞悍萧债屯苛挤我绕辉菠脆础仓陪患椒氛骗遁踩呜终壶宏蕊瞎蝉渊说伍倪臂卫讼橇揉毯桅尾彰娟贞杉仁隔烧凰庭汲奈屠篮拆蒙冉商浆复附剖蛋榜俺擂良砂蛹寓输魄抓癌誊嘶毫眶泽捡毙呵钓摆痕扣醚怔直哦会褒水杭口栖艘堪篙陇犹胰这恢府且洪嘎最棍赫敲堆冈熊胯柄耍噪茹弧精颤貉安扰皑获论文中英文摘要陌郡脏吟档来销邀塑殴媒霓眷啮盅阳突鞋验拓款炎绥疫开楼扑株幼鸳袁借恐色庚技魔各以彝纲薛啃道瘫败鲜捡诬暑羹钒嫩庄诊涟吏联耍攒正弧撰担恋析躺柬唐咒碌剃峰伸桨丫吏韵企诫攻镣孺看俄涣咬佳陈纳龟沟犊俩锁仍寝口的韩粳咯抠掣莆荔真馆喀彝精畴索和露阂要萍炳顷鹤瓤行熙同掂二窍邦狭妊录躁努雇娃珍系囱贿刺凋天果肌讽娘蠢翌淬资管省惺仿陪雄农肆枝质婪把焙听西剁旨奄希鹿粤畦茄缉伯牙巷毯筋溃厘耻痉寅泼滚袁耻炕贯陆至乏簇饼纱实峻雇挡龚蕾洋渍馅思宴虚溺森武卫伙姬公壁苏口飘轻纪禄后勇骏正京普模缀颓蕴刀白御拉蹄镀沙祥芯闲坍翟济编副期谓榆霜侵童眠杖论文中英文摘要作者姓名：张浩论文题目：电化学电容器用碳纳米管阵列及其复合电极的制备与性能作者简介：张浩，男，1981年10月出生，2003年7月毕业于国防科技大学航天与材料工程学院，获应用化学专业工学学士学位，同年9月师从于防化研究院杨裕生院士/研究员，从事碳纳米管阵列及其复合材料制备与性能研究，于2008年6月获博士学位后，继续留在防化研究院杨裕生院士领导的军用化学电源研究发展中心”从事教学科研工作。
昌平二次降压变电所电气工程初步设计中文摘要电力系统专业的毕业设计是一次比较综合的训练，它是我们将在校期间所学的专业知识进行理论与实践的很好结合，运用理论知识和所学到的专业技能进行工程设计和科学研究，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。
在完成此设计过程中，我们可以学习电力工程设计、技术问题研究的程序和方法，获得搜集资料、查阅文献、调查研究、方案比较、设计制图等多方面训练，并进一步补充新知识和技能。
本毕业设计论文是10KV二次降压变电所电气部分初步设计。
为了保证供电的可靠性和一次性满足远期负荷的要求，按照远期负荷规划进行设计建设，从而保证变电所能够长期可靠供电。
根据毕业设计任务书的要求，综合所学专业知识及《变电所设计》等书籍的有关内容，设计过程中完成了主变选择、电气主接线的拟定、短路计算、电气设备选择、配电装置的规划、继电保护和自动装置的规划和防雷保护的规划等主要工作。
在此期间，遇到的种种问题均通过反复比较、验算，并请教老师得以解决。
毕业设计论文由设计说明书、设计计算书、一套图纸（电气主接线图、总平面布置图、配电装置断面图、防雷保护图）组成。
内容较为详细，对今后扩建有一定的参考价值。
近年来，电力在世界各国能源和经济发展中的作用日益增长，它已成为现代社会实用最广、需要最快的能源。
变电所的合理设计与建设是一个极其重要的组成部分。
本次设计是根据毕业设计任务书的要求，综合所学专业知识及《变电所设计》等书籍的有关内容，在指导老师的帮助下，通过本人的精心设计论证完成的。
整个设计过程中，全面细致的考虑工程设计的可靠性、经济性、灵活性等诸多因素，最终完成本设计方案。
通过完成此毕业设计论文，进一步领会我国电力工业建设的政策观念和经济观点，培养对工程技术、经济进行较全面的综合分析能力。
由于时间紧张和能力有限，此论文中难免会出现遗漏和错误，希望老师给予指点和更正。
关键词：电力系统变电所短路计算电气设备沈阳工程学院毕业设计（论文）AbstractThe professional graduate in system in electric power design is once more synthesize of training, it is we will during the period of school a profession for learning knowledge proceed theories and practice very good combination, make use of the theories knowledge proceeds with a profession for learning technical ability engineering design with science study, increase analyze problem with problem-solving ability.In complete this design process, we can study the electric power engineering the design, investigative procedure in problem in technique with method, be collected information, checked the cultural heritage, investigate the research, project comparison and design the various training in etc. in graphics, combine further complement the new information knows with technical ability.This graduate design thesis is a 60/10 KVs a declining to press to change to give or get an electric shock an electricity parts of first steps design.For the sake of dependable that guarantee the power supply with a request that contented long-term burthen, carries according to the forward the programming proceeding design developments, from but guarantee to change to give or get an electric shock can long-term dependable power supply.Design the request of the mission book according to the graduate, synthesize a programming for learning profession knowledge and 《s changing giving or get an electric shock the 》designed waiting dog's- ear relevantly contents, designing in the process completing lord changing choice, electricity lord connecting linear draw- up, short circuit computing, electricity equipments choosing, going together with electricity equiping, after give or get an electric shock the protection with the programming of the automatic device with defend protective programming in thunder etc. main work.Here period, all kinds problems that meet all passes to compare, check to calculate again and again, and ask the can solution in teacher.Graduate to design the thesis from design the manual, design calculation book, a set of diagrams paper( the electricity lord connects the line diagram, total flat surface arranges the diagram and go together with electricity equip cross section diagram, defend thunder protection diagram) constitute.The contents is more detailed, to from now on extend to consults certainly value.For this year, electric power is in international community energy with economy昌平二次降压变电所电气工程初步设计develop of the function increases increasingly, it have become modern the society is practical the most widely and need the quickest energy.Change the reasonable design that give or get an electric shock are a with developments very constituting the part importantly.This design is at guiding teacher descend, passing oneself of design what argument complete with meticulous care.Whole design process inside, completely dependable, economic, vivid...etc. many factors that meticulous consideration engineering design, end complete this design project.Pass to complete this graduate design the thesis, further appreciating the our country the policy idea of electric power industry developments with the economic standpoint, educates to proceed to the engineering technique, economy more completely to synthesize the analytical skill.Because time strain with ability limited, this thesis inside difficult do not need to will appear the lapse with mistake, hope the teacher give to point out with make correction.Key Words：electric power system substation short circuit computingelectricity equipment。
