国际贸易实务 章 (13)

国际贸易实务教案第一章：国际贸易基本概念1.1 教学目标了解国际贸易的定义和分类掌握国际贸易的基本术语和流程理解国际贸易的基本原理和作用1.2 教学内容国际贸易的定义和分类国际贸易的基本术语（如FOB、CIF等）国际贸易的流程（如询价、报价、合同签订等）国际贸易的基本原理（如比较优势、绝对优势等）国际贸易的作用和意义1.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易的基本概念和原理案例分析法：分析具体的国际贸易案例，加深学生对知识的理解1.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易基本概念的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易的流程和作用，促进学生的思考和交流第二章：国际贸易政策2.1 教学目标了解国际贸易政策的基本概念和分类掌握国际贸易政策的目的和工具理解国际贸易政策的影响和评价2.2 教学内容国际贸易政策的基本概念和分类（如关税、配额等）国际贸易政策的目的（如保护国内产业、促进出口等）国际贸易政策的工具（如关税、非关税壁垒等）国际贸易政策的影响（如价格、产量等）国际贸易政策的评价（如有效性、公平性等）2.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易政策的基本概念和分类案例分析法：分析具体的贸易政策案例，加深学生对知识的理解2.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易政策的基本概念的理解小组讨论：讨论贸易政策的目的和工具，促进学生的思考和交流第三章：国际贸易实务操作3.1 教学目标掌握国际贸易实务的基本流程和操作了解国际贸易合同的签订和履行熟悉国际贸易支付方式和风险管理3.2 教学内容国际贸易实务的基本流程（如询价、报价、签订合同等）国际贸易合同的签订和履行（如货物描述、价格条款等）国际贸易支付方式（如信用证、汇付等）国际贸易风险管理（如信用风险、汇率风险等）3.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易实务的基本流程和操作案例分析法：分析具体的贸易实务案例，加深学生对知识的理解3.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易实务的基本流程的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易合同的签订和履行，促进学生的思考和交流第四章：国际贸易运输与保险4.1 教学目标了解国际贸易运输的基本概念和流程熟悉国际贸易保险的种类和操作掌握国际贸易运输和保险的风险管理4.2 教学内容国际贸易运输的基本概念和流程（如海运、空运等）国际贸易保险的种类（如平安险、水渍险等）国际贸易保险的操作（如投保、索赔等）国际贸易运输和保险的风险管理（如货物损坏、延误等）4.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易运输和保险的基本概念和流程案例分析法：分析具体的运输和保险案例，加深学生对知识的理解4.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易运输和保险的基本概念的理解小组讨论：讨论运输和保险的风险管理，促进学生的思考和交流第五章：国际贸易争议解决5.1 教学目标掌握国际贸易争议解决的基本方式和方法了解国际贸易仲裁和诉讼的程序和规定熟悉国际贸易惯例和规则的作用和应用5.2 教学内容国际贸易争议解决的基本方式（如协商、调解等）国际贸易仲裁的程序和规定（如仲裁申请、仲裁裁决等）国际贸易诉讼的程序和规定（如诉讼管辖、证据规则等）国际贸易惯例和规则的作用和应用（如国际贸易术语的使用等）5.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易争议解决的基本方式和方法案例分析法：分析具体的贸易争议解决案例，加深学生对知识的理解5.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易争议解决的基本方式的理解小组讨论：讨论仲裁和诉讼的程序和规定，促进学生的思考和交流第六章：国际贸易营销与沟通6.1 教学目标理解国际贸易营销的基本概念和策略掌握国际贸易沟通的技巧和工具熟悉国际贸易营销组合（4P's）在国际贸易中的应用6.2 教学内容国际贸易营销的基本概念和策略（如市场细分、目标市场选择等）国际贸易沟通的技巧（如跨文化沟通、商务谈判等）国际贸易营销组合（产品、价格、地点、促销）在国际贸易中的应用国际贸易营销案例分析6.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易营销的基本概念和策略案例分析法：分析国际贸易营销案例，加深学生对知识的理解角色扮演法：模拟国际贸易营销和沟通场景，提高学生的实际操作能力6.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易营销的基本概念的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易营销策略和沟通技巧，促进学生的思考和交流模拟营销计划：学生分组制定模拟营销计划，评估其营销策略和沟通效果第七章：国际贸易风险管理7.1 教学目标理解国际贸易风险的基本类型和影响掌握国际贸易风险管理的方法和工具熟悉国际贸易风险规避和控制策略7.2 教学内容国际贸易风险的基本类型（如信用风险、市场风险、操作风险等）国际贸易风险管理的方法和工具（如信用保险、汇率避险等）国际贸易风险规避和控制策略（如合同条款设计、风险分散等）国际贸易风险案例分析7.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易风险的基本类型和管理方法案例分析法：分析国际贸易风险案例，加深学生对知识的理解模拟演练法：学生分组进行风险管理模拟演练，提高风险识别和管理能力7.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易风险的基本类型的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易风险管理的方法和工具，促进学生的思考和交流第八章：国际贸易合同管理8.1 教学目标掌握国际贸易合同的基本要素和条款了解国际贸易合同的履行和管理流程熟悉国际贸易合同的违约和争议解决机制8.2 教学内容国际贸易合同的基本要素（如货物描述、价格条款、交付期限等）国际贸易合同的履行和管理流程（如货物生产、质量控制、物流管理等）国际贸易合同的违约和争议解决机制（如违约责任、仲裁和诉讼等）国际贸易合同案例分析8.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易合同的基本要素和履行管理流程案例分析法：分析国际贸易合同案例，加深学生对知识的理解角色扮演法：模拟国际贸易合同履行和违约场景，提高学生的实际操作能力8.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易合同的基本要素的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易合同的履行和管理流程，促进学生的思考和交流第九章：国际贸易与可持续发展9.1 教学目标理解国际贸易与可持续发展的关系掌握国际贸易对环境和社会的影响熟悉国际贸易可持续发展的政策和实践9.2 教学内容国际贸易与可持续发展的关系（如贸易开放度、贸易与环境等）国际贸易对环境和社会的影响（如资源过度开采、劳动力权益等）国际贸易可持续发展的政策和实践（如绿色贸易、社会责任贸易等）国际贸易可持续发展案例分析9.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易与可持续发展的关系和影响案例分析法：分析国际贸易可持续发展案例，加深学生对知识的理解小组讨论法：讨论国际贸易可持续发展的政策和实践，促进学生的思考和交流9.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易与可持续发展的关系的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易对环境和社会的影响，促进学生的思考和交流第十章：国际贸易发展趋势与挑战10.1 教学目标理解国际贸易发展趋势和变化掌握新兴贸易方式和业态熟悉国际贸易面临的挑战和应对策略10.2 教学内容国际贸易发展趋势和变化（如全球价值链第十一章：电子商务与国际贸易11.1 教学目标理解电子商务在国际贸易中的应用和影响掌握电子商务交易的基本流程和工具熟悉电子商务对国际贸易政策和法律的影响11.2 教学内容电子商务的基本概念和类型（如B2B、B2C等）电子商务在国际贸易中的应用（如在线交易、电子支付等）电子商务交易的基本流程（如询价、报价、合同签订等）电子商务工具（如电子市场、电子商务平台等）电子商务对国际贸易政策和法律的影响（如跨境数据流动、隐私保护等）11.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解电子商务的基本概念和应用案例分析法：分析电子商务在国际贸易中的具体应用，加深学生对知识的理解实践操作法：学生实际操作电子商务平台，了解交易流程和工具的使用11.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对电子商务基本概念的理解小组讨论：讨论电子商务在国际贸易中的应用和影响，促进学生的思考和交流操作演示：学生演示使用电子商务工具的过程，评估其对电子商务交易流程的掌握程度第十二章：区域贸易协定与自由贸易区12.1 教学目标理解区域贸易协定的基本概念和类型掌握自由贸易区的成立和管理机制熟悉区域贸易协定对国际贸易的影响12.2 教学内容区域贸易协定的基本概念和类型（如关税同盟、自由贸易区等）自由贸易区的成立和管理机制（如关税优惠、贸易自由化等）区域贸易协定对国际贸易的影响（如贸易创造、贸易转移等）区域贸易协定案例分析12.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解区域贸易协定的基本概念和类型案例分析法：分析自由贸易区的成立和管理机制，加深学生对知识的理解模拟谈判法：学生分组模拟区域贸易协定的谈判过程，提高实际操作能力12.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对区域贸易协定的基本概念的理解小组讨论：讨论自由贸易区的成立和管理机制，促进学生的思考和交流第十三章：国际贸易与知识产权保护13.1 教学目标理解国际贸易中知识产权保护的重要性掌握国际贸易中知识产权保护的基本原则和规则熟悉国际贸易中知识产权保护的实践和挑战13.2 教学内容国际贸易中知识产权保护的基本概念和原则（如专利权、商标权等）国际贸易中知识产权保护的规则（如TRIPS协定等）国际贸易中知识产权保护的实践（如知识产权侵权处理等）国际贸易中知识产权保护的挑战（如跨境知识产权保护等）13.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易中知识产权保护的基本概念和原则案例分析法：分析国际贸易中知识产权保护的实践和挑战，加深学生对知识的理解角色扮演法：模拟国际贸易中知识产权保护的场景，提高学生的实际操作能力13.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易中知识产权保护的基本概念的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易中知识产权保护的规则和实践，促进学生的思考和交流第十四章：国际贸易与投资14.1 教学目标理解国际贸易与投资的关系掌握国际贸易投资政策的基本原则和规则熟悉国际贸易与投资实践和挑战14.2 教学内容国际贸易与投资的关系（如贸易促进投资、投资影响贸易等）国际贸易投资政策的基本原则和规则（如非歧视原则、公平待遇等）国际贸易与投资实践（如外国直接投资、跨国并购等）国际贸易与投资的挑战（如投资风险、投资保护等）14.3 教学方法讲授法：讲解国际贸易与投资的关系和投资政策的基本原则和规则案例分析法：分析国际贸易与投资的实践和挑战，加深学生对知识的理解模拟谈判法：学生分组模拟国际贸易与投资的谈判过程，提高实际操作能力14.4 教学评估课堂问答：检查学生对国际贸易与投资的关系的理解小组讨论：讨论国际贸易投资政策的基本原则和规则，促进学生的思考和交流重点和难点解析本文主要介绍了国际贸易实务教案，内容涵盖了国际贸易基本概念、政策、实务操作、风险管理、营销与沟通、合同管理、可持续发展、电子商务、区域贸易协定、知识产权保护以及国际贸易与投资等方面。

第13章进出口合同的履行1．履行出口合同包括哪些基本程序？答：我国绝大多数出口合同都采用CIF或CFR贸易术语，并且一般都采用信用证付款方式，故在履行这类合同时，必须切实做好备货、催证、审证、改证、租船订舱、报验、报关、投保、装船和制单结汇等环节的工作，在这些环节中，以货（备货、报验）、证（催证、审证和改证）、船（租船订舱、办理货运手续）、款（制单结汇）四个环节的工作最为重要。

采用其他贸易术语或使用其他运输方式的出口合同，其出口合同基本履行程序大体相近或相似。

2．出口企业在备货和印制运输标志时应注意哪些事项？答：（1）有关货物的品种、数量与品质规格问题首先对货物的品种、数量与品质、规格，应按合同的要求核实，必要时应进行适当调配与加工整理，以保证货物的品质与合同或信用证规定一致。

在备货数量上还应留有余地，以备调换和适应舱容之用。

其次，备货时间应根据信用证规定并结合船期予以安排，以利于船货衔接。

（2）有关货物的包装问题出口货物要经过长途运输，中途还要经过多次搬运和装卸，甚至多次转换运输工具。

为了最大限度地使货物保持完好无损，就必须切实搞好出口包装。

（3）有关货物外包装的运输标志问题包装上刷制运输标志应符合有关进出口国家的规定，应与所有出口单据上对运输标志的描述一致。

运输标志应既简洁，又能提供充分的运输信息。

所有包装上的运输标志都必须用防水墨汁刷写，使人一目了然。

3．审核国外开来的信用证时应注意什么问题？按国际惯例，出口企业应如何对待和处理开证行开来的信用证修改通知？答：（1）审核国外开来的信用证时应注意的问题审核国外开来的信用证时，应注意以下问题：①是否符合我国的对外贸易政策；②有无歧视性的内容；③证内条款和对议付单据的要求是否符合合同规定，出口公司是否能够做到。

（2）出口企业对待和处理开证行开来的信用证修改通知的方式方法按国际惯例，对于开证行开来的信用证修改通知，出口企业对来证不符合同规定的各种情况，还需要作出具体分析，不一定坚持要求对方办理改证手续。

国际贸易实录第一章1、试举例说明贸易术语在国际贸易业务中的作用答：贸易术语，用以说明价格的构成及买卖双方有关费用、风险和责任的划分，以确定买卖双方在交货和接货过程中应尽的义务。

国际贸易术语的作用主要表现在下列几个方面：（一）有利于买卖双方洽商交易和订立合同由于每种贸易术语都有其特定的含义，因此，买卖双方只要商定按何种贸易术语成交，即可明确彼此在交接货物方面所应承担的责任、费用和风险。

这就简化了交易手续，缩短了洽商交易的时间，节约了费用开支，从而有利于买卖双方迅速达成交易和订立合同。

（二）有利于买卖双方核算价格和成本由于贸易术语表示价格构成因素，所以，买卖双方确定成交价格时，必然要考虑采用的贸易术语中包含哪些从属费用，这就有利于买卖双方进行比价和加强成本核算。

（三）有利于妥善解决贸易争议买卖双方商订合同时，如对合同条款考虑欠周，使对某些涉及当事人权利和义务的问题规定得不明确，致使履约当中产生的争议不能依据合同的规定解决，在此情况下，可以援引有关贸易术语的一般解释来处理。

因为，易术语的一般解释已成为国际惯例，它是大家所遵循的一种类似行为规范的准则。

2、贸易惯例与习惯做法有何联系与区别联系：贸易惯例是在习惯做法的基础上产生的；贸易惯例是国际组织根据国际贸易实践中逐渐形成的一般习惯做法制定成文的规则，这些规则，根据当事人意思自治的原则，被国际上普遍接受和广泛使用，而成为公认的国际贸易惯例。

区别：贸易惯例的层次高于习惯做法；尽管二者有联系，但不能把贸易惯例和习惯做法等同起来，贸易惯例的层次高于习惯做法，贸易惯例是指国际组织编纂成文的规则，凡未成文的国际贸易中的习惯做法，不能称为贸易惯例。

4、你如何理解国际贸易惯例对合同当事人的约束力问题国际贸易惯例的适用是以当事人的意思自治为基础的，因为，惯例本身不是法律，它对贸易双方不具有强制性约束力，故买卖双方有权在合同中做出与某项惯例不一致的规定。

但是，国际贸易管理对贸易实践仍具有较重要的规范作用。

Chapter 13一．Chapter Summary1. Liner transport is the import transport of cargoes from one seaport to another along regular maritime routes according to a schedule. Liner rates usually include the stevedoring charges for loading and unloading.2. Liner transport freight covers basic freight and various kinds of surcharges. Basic freight may be collected according to weight, measurement, weight or measurement, ad, val., weight/measure or ad val. Surcharges include bunker adjustment factor, port surcharges, transshipment surcharges, heavy lift and long length additional, etc.3. Charter transport is a tramp service, picking up cargo only when it is chartered(hired)from the ship owner. There are two types of charter transport’ voyage charter and time charter.4. Under a voyage-charter party, the vessel remains under the control of the ship owner who is responsible for equipping and manning the vessel. Some terms used specially in voyage charter-party are: liner terms, FI(Free In), FO(Free Out), FIO(Free In and Out), lay days, dispatch money and demurrage.5. Time charter means the ship owner agrees to charter a vessel to the charter for a specified period of time.6. Rail transport is a major mode of transport in terms of capacity, only second to ocean transport. It is popular in multimodal transport and transshipment and widely used in landbridges.7. Air transport has the benefits of faster delivery, better security, less packaging and lower insurance, though it is generally perceived as expensive. There are three types of air transport services: schedule airline, chartered carriers, and consolidated consignments by freight forwarders.8.Intermodal transport involves the transport of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transport(rail, ship, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes.9. Containerization has the advantages of lowing charges, risks and improving efficiency. The modes of container services include CY/CY,CY/CFS,CFS/CY and FS/CFS. Container capacity is measuredin twenty-foot equivalent units(TEU, or sometimes teu). Most containers today are of the 40-ft(12.2m)variety and are known as 40-foot containers.10. The three functions performed by a bill of lading are: receipt for the goods, evidence of the contract of carriage and document of title to the goods. There are a number of different types of bill of lading including shipped (on board) B/L, received for shipment B/L, clean B/L and unclean B/L, straight B/L, blank B/L and order B/L, direct B/L, transshipment B/L, through B/L, liner B/L,charter-party B/L, container B/L, long form B/L, short form B/l, on deck, B/L, stale B/L, ante-datedB/L and advanced B/L.11. The three rules governing bill of lading are the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules, The Hague Rules were generally well received and have been adopted 58 maritime nations. There are some weakness of the Hague Rules. The Hague-Visby Rules 1968 made some important amendments to the Hague Rules. Hamburg Rules drafted in 1978 and came into force on November 1,1992, and several major amendments were made in the Rules.12. Sea waybill is receipt or the goods, an evidence of contract of carriage, but it is not a document of title. The functions of air waybill are the same as sea waybill. Multimodal transport documents evidence the contract of carriage of goods by at least two modes of transport.13. Shipment clause usually includes time of shipment, port(place) of shipment and destination, partialshipment and transshipment,etc. 二．Review QuestionsA. Brief define the concepts1. liner transport2. voyage charter3. charter-party4. lay days5. dispatch money6. demurrage7. time charter8. landbridge transport9. Intermodal transport(multimodal transport)10. Bill of lading11.shipped B/L12. Received for shipment B/L13. Clean B/L14.unclean B/L15.straight B/L16.blank B/L17.order B/L18.blank endoresment19.direct B/L20.transshipment B/L21.through B/L22. Liner B/L23.charterparty B/L24.container B/L25.long form B/L (or blank back B/L)27. On deck B/L28.stale B/L29.ante-dated B/L30,advanced B/L31.sea waybill32.Air waybillB.Questions and problems1.What are the functions performed by ocean Bs/L?2.In international trade ,why do the importer usually require the exporter to provide "clean on board B/L made out to order and blank endorsed"?3.What are the differences between a "through B/L"and a "multimodal transport document"?4.What is the virtue of containerization?C.Multiple-choice questions1.The most commonly used mode of transport in international trade is______a .air transport.b . road transport c.ocean transport d.railway transport2.If an item is marked with "M" in the tariff , the the liner rate for this item is collected on ____a. its unit. b .its weight c. its capacity d. its measurement3.FIO in the voyage charter-party means that the shipowner is ____a .only responsible for the charges of loadingB. Only responsible for the charges of unloadingC. Responsible for both the loading and unloading chargesD.responsible neither for the loading charges nor for the unloading charges.4.Liner terms in the voyage charge-party means that the shipowner is _____a .only responsible for of loading chargesB. Only responsible for unloading chargesC. Responsible for both the loading and unloading chargesD.responsible neither for the loading charges nor for the unloading charges.5. In voyage charter ,the shipowner is only responsible for loading under____a . FI b. FO c.FIO d. Liner terms6. Lay days are commonly expressed as ____a. Running daysb. Working daysc. Weather working daysd. Eight hour's working days7.Which of the following modes provides door-to-door container service or house-to-house container service?a.CY/CY container serviceb.CY/CFS container servicec.CFS/CY container serviced.CFS/CFS container service8.Container capacity is measured in ___A.FEU(Forty-foot Equivalent Units)b.TEU(Twenty-foot Equivalent Units)C.EEU(Eight-foot Equivalent Units)d.NEU(Nineteen-foot Equivalent Units)9.The document which can be transferred by endorsement is ____A.rail waybillB.Air waybillC.Sea waybillD.Order bill of lading10.Which of the following are NOT rules governing bill of lading?a.The Hague Rulesb.The Hague-Visby Rulesc.The Hamburg Rulesd.The New York Rules11. In the filed of consignee of a B/L ,"To order of ABC CO.Ltd"is marked . This B/L is____A.a straight B/LB.A blank B/LC. An order B/LD. A direct B/L12.Marine Bs/L perform a number of functions except____A. Evidence of the contract of carriageB. Receipt for the goods shippedC. Doucment of title to the goodsD. Non-negotiable document13.Which of the following terms on the B/L shows that the Bill of Lading is a clean B/L?A. One carton shortB. Insufficient packingC. In apparent good order and condituionD. Miss safety seal14.The issuance of ___is unlawfulA. Stale Bs/LB. On deck Bs/LC. Ante-date Bs/LD. Charter-party Bs/L15. The air freight forwarder assembles a number of individual shipments into one consignment and dispatched them on one air waybill .This type of air transport service is called____A. ConsolidationB. Scheduled airlineC. Chartered carrierD. Air express serviceD.True or false questions1.Ocean transport is a very fast mode of transport.2.FIO indicates that the shipowner is responsible for the costs of loading goods onto the vessel and unloading goods from the vessel.3.Time charter generally dose not include loading and unloading costs in the charter rate.4.In voyage charter ,the vessel is under the control of the charterer who is responsible for equipping and manning the vessel.5.A "B/L blank endorsed"refers to the B/L without any endorsement6.All bills of lading are transferable7.A bill of lading with a notation of "insufficient packing"is a foul bill of lading8.A short form bill of lading is usually not acceptable9.According to the GISG, in the absence of terms as to whether transshipment is allowed or not in the contract ,transshipment is to construed as allowed.10.Time charter means that the charterer hires the vessel for a period of time without crew11.Dispatch money and demurrage clause normally appear in the time charter-partyE.Calculationpany A exported 200 cartons of Goods X to Australia .The gross weight and measurement for each carton was 80kg and 100cm*4cm*25cm respectively.Suppose that the freight for the goods was calculated on W/M. The basic was US$80 per freight ton .Surcharges including 10% of port surcharges nd 15%of transshipment surcharges were also collected .How much should Company A pay for the freight?pany A exported 20 metric tons of Goods X to Japan . The goods were packed in cartons each containing 20 kilograms. The total gross weight of this batch of goods was 22060 kilograms and themeasurement of each carton was 42cm*28cm*25cm. The export price of the goods was US$570 per M/T CFR Kuwait. The freight was collected on W/M, the basic freight rate was US$70 ,and port surcharges were 20%.Calculate the FOB price for the exports.V. Answers to review questionsA. Briefly define the concepts1.liner transport:The transport of cargoes from one seaport to another regular maritime routes according to a schedule.2.Voyage charter :Transport vessel or vehicle charter for one or a specified number of trips(voyages)3.Charter-party:Written contract between the shipowner and the chartery days:Also called lay time .The number of days allowed by the ship owner to load or unload cargo without incurring demurrage or late charges5.Dispatch money: When so agreed in the charter-party ,this is paid by the shipowner to the charterer as a result of the vessel completing loading or discharging before the stipulated time6.Demurrage :Penalty paid by the charter to the shipowner for exceeding lay days in loading or unloading.7.Time charter :Transport vessel or vehicle charter for a fixed period instead of for a certain number of voyages or trips.ndbridge transport :Transportation from one seaport to another by railway across continents instead of by ocean ship.9.Intermodal transport (multimodal transport):Transport of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle ,using multiple modes of transport(rail,ship ,and truck),without any handing of the freightitself when changing modes10.Bill of landing (B/L):A transport document issued by an ocean carrier to a shipper with whom the carrier has entered into a contract for the carriage of goods.11.Shipped B/L:B/L issued by the shipping company after the goods are actually shipped on board the designated vessel12.Received for shipment B/L: A received for shipment B/L arises where the word "shipped"dose not appear on the bill of lading. It merely ackonwledges that the goods have been received by the carrier for shipment.13.Clean B/L：B/L that is free from any adverse remarks,made by the shipping company, about the condition ,packaging ,or quantity of the goods being shipped.14.Unclean B/L:B/L with adverse remarks or notations (called "clauses")by the carrier that the goods received for shipping (or their packaging )look wet, or otherwise in doubtful condition ,or not ofcorrect quantity.15.Straight B/L:B/L with designated consignee16.Blank B/L:Also called Open B/L or Bearer B/L ,means that there is no definite consignee of the goods17.Order B/L :B/L that the goods are consigned or destined to the order of a named person18.Blank endorsement: An open endorsement that carries only the signature of the endorser and dose not specify in whose favor it is made (who is the endorsee)19.Direct B/L: B/L that indicates the goods are shipped from the port of loading direct to the port of destination without involving transshipment.20.Transshipment B/L:B/L that indicates the goods need to be transshipped at an intermediate port21.Through B/L:B/L issued for containerized door-to door shipments that have to use different shipsand /or different means of transport(aircraft, railcars, ships ,trucks,etc.)from origin to destination .Unlike in case of a multimodal Bill Of Lading, the principal carrier or the freight-forwarder (whoissued the through B/L)is liable under a contract of carriage only for its own phase of the journey, and acts as an agent for the carriers executing the other phases.22.Liner B/L:B/L issued by a liner company for shipment on scheduled port calls through scheduled routes.23.Charter-party B/L:B/L issued by the carrier (or its agent)based on the charter-party.24.Container B/L:B/L issued when the goods are conveyed by container25.Long form B/L:B/L more detailed with the terms and conditions of carriage which are printed onthe back of the page26.Short from B/L(or blank back B/L):An abbreviated type of B/L27.On deck B/L：B/L containing the notation that the goods have been loaded on the deck of the vessel28.Stale B/L:B/L presented to the consignee or buyer or its bank after the stipulated expiry date of presentation or after the goods are due the port of destination29.Ante-dated B/L:B/L which is dated before the date on which it is issued30.Advanced B/L:B/L issued before the shipment hasn't yet been effected31.Sea waybill:A non-negotiable document that constitutes evidence of the contract of carriage and of the receipt of the goods by the carrier32.Air waybill :The consignment note used for the carriage of goods by airB.Questions and problems1. The B/L performed as a receipt for the goods, an evidence of contract of carriage and document of title to the goods.1) Receipt for goods: The bill of exchange acts as a receipt for the goods received. A bill oflading describes the goods put on board a vessel ,states the quantity ,and their condition2) Evidence of the contract of carriage: The B/L is an evidence of the contract of carriagebetween the shipper and the carrier .The bill becomes conclusive evidence of the terms of the contract of carriage once it is negotiated to a good faith third party.3) Document of title to the goods : The named consignee or the holder of a bill of loading ,provided he has receiver it in good faith through due negotiation , has a claim to title and ,by surrendering the bill ,to delivery of the goods2."Clean on board B/L made out to order and blank "endorsed" is a B/L issued when the goods are actually shipped on board the designated vessel and it is free from any adverse remarks.Moreover, it is a negotiable instrument and can be transferred by only carring the signature of the endorser. As such , the importer is ensured that goods had been shipped on board and were in apparent good order and condition when the shipment was effected and the B/L is easy to be transferred.3.Multimodal transport document could be regarded as an extension of the through bill of lading . The essential difference is that under a through bill of lading , the principal carrier concludes several separate contracts carriage for subsequent segments of the transport as agent for the shipper or as agent for the on-carriers . It doses not normally accept responsibility for segments undertaken by the other carriers involved. The multimodal transport document goes a step further . Under this contract of carriage,the multimodal transport operator or freight forwarder takes responsibility as pricipal for the entire carriage. The multimodal transport operator may in fact offer a complete service but often the principal carrier will subcontract with other carriers.It does this not as an agent of the shipper but as the principal party to the subcontracts. So far as the shipper is concerned it can rely on one contract ofcarriage withe the multimodal transport operator4.The virtue of containerization is that by simplifying and speeding up the cargo-handling process at each transfer point , it minimizes interruptions and restores as many efficiencies as possible.C.Multiple-choice questions1.c2.d3. d4.c5.b6.c7.a8.b9.d 10.d 11.c 12,d 13.c 14.c 15.aD.True of false questions1.F2.F3.T4.F5.F6.F7.T8.F9.F 10.F 11.FE.Calculation1. 1)Total weight:0.08M/T*200=16M/T2) Total volume:100/100*40/100*25/100*200=20cm^33)As the total volume was greater than the total weight, thus volume was the basis for collecting freight.4) Total freight=total weight *(basic freight rate +surcharges)2. 1)Total carton :20M/T*1000/20kg=1000cartons2) Total weight:22260kg/1000=22.26M/T3)Total volume :42cm/100*28cm/100*25cm/100*1000=29.4cm^34) As the total volume was greater than the total weight, thus volume was the basis for collecting freight.5) Total freight=total volume *(basic freight rate +surcharges)=29.4*(70+70*20%)=US$2469.66)Freight per M/T=US$2469.6/20=I=US$123.487)FOB price=CFR-F=570-123.48=US$446.52。

第一章练习答案Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To see out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens,copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV. Case Study.Batteries called “white elephant” exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, but in United States no one was interested in the goods. Why?Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. Please try to find out some cases about cultural differences in doing international business. (Open)VI. Please determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALES. Then put T for TRUE or F for FALES in the bracket at the end of each statement.1. ( T )2. ( F )3. ( F )4. ( T )5. ( F )6. ( T )7. ( T )8. ( F )9.（T ）10.（T）11.（F）12.（F）13.（T）14.（T）15.（F）Ⅶ.Translate the following into English1.Trade is often said to be the "engine" of development. Although this analogy is too simple, itdoes illustrate the importance of foreign trade in economic development. Although the healthy growth of exports is not always sufficient for rapid and sustained economic growth, it is undeniable that there is a positive and close link between the two. The role of trade development in economic growth is manifested in many ways. Among them are: the benefits of professional division of labor, the role of international competition in promoting domestic economic efficiency and the ability to pay for the import of goods needed for development, as well as more generally , the encouragement of investment and entrepreneurship.2.International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced by one country withgoods and services produced by another country. In addition to the visible trade, that is, the import and export of goods and cargos, there are also invisible trade, which refers to the exchange of labor between countries. Countries such as Greece and Norway, which have vast maritime fleets and provide transport services, reflect a form of invisible trade. For some countries, invisible trade is just as important as raw materials and commodity exports for some other countries. In both cases, these countries can make money to buy the goods they need.3.International trade is varied in a variety of ways. Underwriting refers to the seller , in aparticular area and within a certain period of time , to give foreign customers the exclusive right to sell the designated commodity trade. In this deal, the goods are taken over by the underwriter, sold on their own and are self-financing. This is different from a commission-only agent, and because the underwriter enjoys a franchise in a particular area, making it distinct from the general sale and purchase agreement.4.No country in the world can produce all the products it needs, so all countries participate inthe international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes , a country can buy goods and services abroad from a barter, which refers to the exchange of onegood for another and not for money. Barter trade by itself is not enough to meet the needs ofa country's imports. However, as a mode of trade, it is attractive to developing countries thathave a shortage of foreign exchange or shortage of inflow of foreign capital to meet the demand for foreign trade.Ⅷ. Multiple Choices1-5 D D A D B 6-10 A A A B A第二章练习答案Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions1.Please tell us the procedures of international trade.The procedures of an export or import business are so complicated that it may take quite a long time to conclude a transaction. Varied and complicated procedures have to be gone through in the course of export or import transaction. From the very beginning to the end of the transaction, the whole operation generally undergoes four stages: preparing for exporting or importing, business negotiation, implementation of the contract, and settlement of disputes(if any). Each stage covers some specific steps. Since the expo rt and import trades are two sides of the same coin, and one country’s export is another country’s import.2.What are the parties involved in export and import transaction?The parties who are involved in export and import transactions are numerous and can be described as variously. The basic parties are the buyer who purchases the goods and the seller who provides the goods.3.What are the specialists involved in export and import transaction?Many specialists may be involved in export and import transaction, including:(1) A shipping agent and /or foreign forwarder (forwarding agent) will take responsibility for the documentation and arrange for the goods to be shipped by air, sea, rail or road. These services may be carried out by the supplier’s own export department, if they have the expertise.(2) Airlines, shipping lines, railway companies or haulage contractors will actual transport the goods.(3) Both the importer’s and exporter’s banks will be involved in arranging payments if a letter of credit or bill of exchange is used.(4) Customs and Excise officers may need to examine the goods, check import or export licensing and charge duty and /or V AT.(5) A chamber of Commerce may need to issue a Certificate of Origin, if this is required by the importer’s country.(6) An insurance company insures goods in transit.(7) A lawyer if a special contract has to be drawn up.4. What are the documents needed in export and import transaction?An import/export transaction usually requires a lot of complicated documents because it is difficult to make many different arrangements when one firm is dealing with another on the other side of the world. The number and type of documents needed depend on the specific requirements of the exporter and importer. Generally, the documents needed include:(1) Bill of Lading.(2) Commercial Invoice.(3) Proforma Invoice.(4) Consular Invoice.(5) Packing List.(6) Weight Memo.(7) Certificate of Inspection.(8) Certificate of Origin.(9) Insurance Policy (Certificate).(10) Sales Contract.(11) Sales Confirmation.II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T 11. T 12.F 13. T 14. F 15.TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:Messrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:Dear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight,but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely,VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Case StudyQuestions:(1) What is your opinion? Give the reasons to support your opinion.(2) How to prevent such dispute?(1) The first letter of Company A and Company B can be considered as an offer, during which Company A made a request for packaging. While Company B modified the terms of the offer, which can be considered as a counter offer or a new offer. After the counter offer was issued by Company B, Company A did not reply. Although it indicated that it was bound by the offer of the company B, yet Company A did not expressly accept to Company B,(2)At this time , the contract is not established. Therefore, Company B refused to honor the contract on this ground. Company A would fall into the passive status. In order to avoid this situation, Company A, in receipt of the B Company's offer, should promptly accept it.Ⅸ.Multiple Choices1. BCE2. AB3. BCD4. ABE5. ADE6. BCDE7. CD8. ABC9. ABC 10. ABC第三章练习答案Unit 3 Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsI. Translate the followings from Chinese into English:1 terms of payment2 written form of contract3 execution of the contract4 sales contract5 purchase confirmation6 terms of transaction7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract13 the contracting parties 14 special clause15 general terms and conditionsII. Answer the following questions in English:1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions abroad; written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contract is indicated in the title; 2) the contract proper. It is the main part of a contract; 3) the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer; 4) the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.5 It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance,commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.III. Translate the following into Chinese:合同是在双方达成协议的基础上制定的，而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。

国际贸易理论与实务（教材）习题答案第十三章国际货物运输保险单项选择题1、我出口稻谷一批，因保险事故被海水浸泡多时而丧失其原有用途，货到目的港后只能低价出售，这种损失属于（）。

A、单独损失B、共同损失C、实际全损D、推定全损2、CIC“特殊附加险”是指在特殊情况下，要求保险公司承保的险别，（）。

A、一般可以单独投保B、不能单独投保C、可单独投保两项以上D、在被保险人同意的情况下，可以单独投保3、一批出口货物投保了水渍险，在运输过程中由于雨淋致使货物遭受部分损失，这样的损失保险公司将（）。

A、负责赔偿整批货物B、负责赔偿被雨淋湿的部分C、不给予赔偿D、在被保险人同意的情况下，可以单独投保4、有一批出口服装，在海上运输途中，因船体触礁导致服装严重受浸，如果将这批服装漂洗后再运至原定目的港所花费的费用已超过服装的保险价格，这批服装应属于（）。

A、共同海损B、实际全损C、推定全损D、单独海损5、我方按CIF条件成交出口一批罐头食品，卖方投保时，按下列（）投保是正确的。

A、平安险+ 水渍险B、一切险+ 偷窃、提货不着险C、水渍险+ 偷窃、提货不着险D、平安险+ 一切险6、在海洋运输货物保险业务中，共同海损（）。

A、是部分损失的一种B、是全部损失的一种C、有时为部分损失，有时为全部损失D、是推定全损7、根据我国“海洋货物运输保险条款”规定，“一切险”包括（）。

A、平安险加11种一般险B、一切险加11种一般附加险C、水渍险加11种一般附加险D、11种一般附加险加特殊附加险8、预约保险以（）代替投保单，说明投保的一方已办理了投保手续。

A、提单B、国外的装运通知C、大副收据D、买卖合同9、按国际保险市场惯例，投保金额通常在CIF总值的基础上（）。

A、加一成B、加二成C、加三成D、加四成10、“仓至仓”条款是（）。

A、承运人负责运输起讫的条款B、保险人负责保险责任起讫的条款C、出口人负责交货责任起讫的条款D、进口人负责付款责任起讫的条款二、简答题1．什么情况下才构成共同海损？2．共同海损与单独海损的主要区别是什么？3．简述平安险、水渍险和一切险的责任范围。

第1章 国际贸易概述则规CIF成交的合同，物在装港装上船后即由方货运风险卖【案例1-1】 2010通定，规转买该卖负责货时达与2010通则对CIF的定有矛移到方。

合同要方物按安全到目的港，国际惯当则当与盾。

但商事例的使用遵循“事人意思自治的原”，如果事人在合同中作出了国际惯规双约办商事例不同的定，即按方的定。

第3章 国际贸易术语风险转则FOB移的界限是装【案例3-1】 按2000通由方，因在则买负责为2000通中，运买货说货经过2020通则应港方指定的船舶的“船舷”，物落在甲板上明物已越“船舷”；按个术语风险转为由方，因，则开将FOB、CFR、CIF三移的界限改卖负责为从2010通始，已货说货还应卖负责“船上”，物落在甲板上明物未交到船上，因此由方。

辩货变质虽发经检构【案例3-2】 M公司的申无道理。

物然是装上船后生的，但商机风险转规则检验卖过损FOB移的只适用于自然灾害是包装不良所致，是方的失造成的失。

损卖过损货损应卖负责和意外事故造成的失，不适用方失造成的失，因此由方。

【案例3-3】 FOB一些不法口商不法承人或代勾起取物提供了可为进与运货结来骗货没运对买货轮资没乘之。

案例方的失有：（该卖误1）有把握好承人，方指定的越南籍信有时备货买请迟这种况买将调查2）未及，只好向方求推船期；在情下，方提出付款方式；（为随证应从隐证过单证银改托收就只好答，而埋下了患。

如果信用不期，只要相符行就必付款，失就可以避免；而托收是商信用，口商不付款，行有任。

须这种损业进银没责货运卖【案例3-4】 有矛盾。

2020通定，则规CFR的交点是装港船上，方只要在指定运将货货义务卖负责货12月2日前到，达装港物装上了船，即完成了交。

本案要求方物在则规证与2020通的定有矛盾，出口公司可以要求修改信用。

则规运输个运双应约卖处【案例3-5】 2020通定，如果涉及多承人，方定方在何完成货义务风险处发转约则卖将货给运时交，在何生移；如果未定，推定方物交第一承人完成货义务风险转给买卖将货给运时货义务交，移方。

国际贸易实务案例第十四章国际贸易术语 (2)第十五章主要贸易条件 (5)第十六章国际货物运输 (7)第十七章国际货物运输保险 (9)第十八章商品检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁 (10)第十九章国际贸易结算 (13)第二十章交易磋商和合同的签订 (16)第十四章国际贸易术语1.上海甲公司与德国乙公司签订了出口肠衣的合同，价格条件是CFR汉堡，甲公司依合同的规定将肠衣用木桶装妥后交承运人所属的"托福"号货轮运输。

该批货物投保了水渍险并附加渗漏险。

"托福"号在途中由于突遇台风使船剧烈颠簸，当船抵达目的港时发现大部分木桶破碎，货物损失约20万美元。

对于该案，请回答下列问题：a. 本案应由哪家公司与承运人签订海上货物运输合同？b. 本案应由哪家公司办理投保？c. 哪家公司应向保险公司提出索赔要求？2.某外贸公司按CIF伦敦向英商出售一批核桃仁，由于该商品季节性较强，双方在合同中规定：买方须于月底前将信用证开到，卖方保证运货船只不得迟于12月1日抵达目的港。

如货船迟于12月1日抵达目的港，买方有权取消合同。

如货款已收，卖方须将货款退还买方。

问这一合同的性质是否还属于CIF合同？为什么？3.2004年4月我苏州某外贸公司与美国某外贸公司签订合同出售一批玻璃器皿,价格条件为CIF旧金山,支付条件为不可撤销的跟单信用证,装运时间为5月下旬,并要求我方提供已装船提单及其它有效单证.合同订立后,我方随即与上海某货运公司签订了运输合同,并于5月中旬将货物备妥,装上承运人派来的货车出运.但在运往码头的途中,由于驾驶员的过失发生了车祸,耽误了时间,错过了信用证规定的装货时间.得到发生车祸的消息后,我出口商立即与进口商洽商要求将信用证的有效期和装船期延展15天,并本着诚信原则告知对方有两箱器皿可能已受损.美国进口商回电:同意延期,但要求全部商品的货价降低5%.我出口商回电据理力争,同意受损的两箱可以降价5%,而其余的货物并未受损,不应降价.但进口商坚持要全部降价.最终我方只能作出让步.受损的两箱降价5%,其余的降价1.2%.为此我方受到货价和利息共计20万美元.事后我方与货运公司交涉,要求货运公司对此作出赔偿, 货运公司同意对受损的两箱进行赔偿,利息损失只同意赔偿50%.其它损失货运公司认为是出口商与进口商的协定所致,与己无关.但我出口公司认为所有损失都是由于承运人的不当而造成的,坚持要求货运公司应作全部赔偿.经过多方协商最终货运公司赔偿各种损失共计8万美元.出口商实际损失高达12万美元.在本案例中,出口商耗尽时间和精力,仍然没有追回全部损失,这说明在内陆交货的时候使用CIF价格术语已不是那么妥当,请问你认为应采用哪一种贸易术语更妥当?4.我国出口商与韩国进口商签订了一份CFR合同，合同规定由卖方出售2000公吨小麦给买方。

第13章第十三章国际贸易方式习题一、名词解释1.经销2.招投标3.承担特别责任的代理人4.代理5.寄售6.拍卖7.国际技术贸易8.专有技术9.加工贸易10.特许经营11.对销贸易12.互购贸易13.补偿贸易14.电子虚拟市场15.电子商务二、判断题1.招标投标是一种竞卖方式，对买方比较有利。

2.寄售方式中代销人需承担风险。

3.国际货物拍卖是一种公开的竞卖方式。

4.减价拍卖在业务中又称作密封递价拍卖。

5.拍卖最常见的方式是由低到高的增价拍卖方式。

6.狭义的易货是纯粹的货币与货物的交换。

7.加工贸易方式下，双方当事人之间均不存在买卖关系。

8.开展加工贸易时，原料和成品的所有权均未发生转移。

9.加工贸易方式下，原料来自国外，成品又销往国外。

10.电子商务不能体现在商务活动的多个环节。

11.电子商务转变着政府的行政管理方式。

三、选择题1.经销数额一般采用规定（）的做法，这也是卖方要保证供应的数额。

A.最低承购额B.最高承购额C.中间承购额D.盈利承购额2.在独家经销业务中的供货商和经销商之间是一种（）。

A.买卖关系B.信托关系C.互购关系D.委托代理关系3.包销协议与销售代理协议的主要区别之一是在包销协议中不规定（）。

A.经销区域B.经营商品范围C.佣金条款D.协议期限4.国际贸易中，在采用（）方式时，卖方是先发货，后成交。

A.独家经销B.招标投标C.拍卖D.寄售5.寄售协议在性质上属于（）。

A.买卖合同B.委托合同C.信托合同D.承揽合同6.在国际招标投标业务的过程中，（）相当于交易磋商中的发盘性质。

A.招标B.投标C.开标D.评标7.招标投标业务的特点之一是（）。

A.买主之间的竞争B.卖主之间的竞争C.买主与卖主之间的竞争D.是一种独特的拍卖8.复杂的转手贸易往往表现为（）。

A.商价转让购买权B.低价转让购买权C.记账贸易D.低价购买使用权9.补偿贸易与易货和反购方式的主要区别在于（）。

A.补偿贸易仅仅适用于机械设备的采购业务中B.补偿贸易是以信贷作为基础的C.补偿贸易以对开信用证方式进行结算D.开展补偿贸易时要分别签订两个合同10.加工贸易从性质上讲是一种（）。

第一章贸易术语案例分析1.我某出口公司与某德国商人按CIF汉堡、即期信用证方式付款的条件达成交易，出口合同和来证均规定不准转运。

我方在信用证有效期内将货物装上直驶目的港的班轮，并以直运提单办理了议付，国外开证行也凭议付提交的直运提单付了款，。

承运船只驶离我国途径某港时，船公司为接载其它货物，擅自将我方托运的货物卸下，换装其它船舶继续运往目的港。

由于中途耽搁，加上换装的船舶设备陈旧，使抵达目的港的时间比正常直运船的时间晚了两个多月，影响了买方对货物的使用。

为此，买方向我出口企业提出索赔，理由是我方提交的是直运提单，而实际上是转船运输，是弄虚作假行为。

我方有关业务员认为，合同用的是“到岸价格“，船舶的舱位是我方租订的，船方擅自转船的风险理应由我方承担。

因此按对方要求进行了理赔。

问：我方这样做是否正确？为什么？2.我某进出口公司对日本某客户发盘，供应棉织浴巾4000打，每打CIF大阪80美元，装运港大连;现日商要求我方改报FOB大连价，问：我出口公司对价格应如何调整？如果最后按FOB条件签订合同，买卖双方在所承担的责任、费用和风险方面有什么不区别？3.我某出口公司与外商按CIF Landed London 条件成交出口一批货物，合同规定，商品的数量为500箱，以信用证方式付款，5月份装运。

买方按合同规定的开证时间将信用证开抵卖方。

货物顺利装运完毕后，卖方在信用证规定的交单期内办好了议付手续并收回货款。

不久，卖方收到买方寄来的货物在伦敦港的卸货费和进口报关费的收据，要求我方按收据金额款项支付给买方。

问：我方是否需要支付这笔费用？为什么？4.我方以FCA贸易术语从意大利进口不料一批，双方约定最迟的装运期为4月12日，由于我方业务员的疏忽，导致意大利出口商在4月15日才将货物交给我方指定的承运人，当我方收到货物后，发现部分货物有水渍，据查是因为货交承运人前两天大雨淋湿所致。

据此，我方向意大利出口商提出索赔，但遭到拒绝。

导论思考题：1、国际贸易业务有哪些特点？了解这些特点对我国企业从事国际商务活动有何实际意义?2、进出口贸易业务的基本流程包括哪些环节？在各环节应注意哪些事项？3、了解国际贸易交易过程中所适用的法律和国际贸易惯例对从事国际贸易有何作用？4、在我国现行的法律中所涉及的有关国际贸易的国内法较多，请简要作一介绍。

5、如何正确理解国际贸易惯例？它与国际贸易条约有何异同点？6、简要介绍目前常见的国际贸易惯例.第一章国际贸易术语思考题：1．什么是贸易术语?2．有关贸易术语的国际贸易惯例有哪些？3．试比较FOB、CFR和CIF三种术语的异同。

4．试比较FCA、CPT和CIP三种术语的异同。

5．试比较CIF和DES的异同。

本章练习题(一)不定项选择题1．采用FOB条件成交时，卖方欲不负担装船费用，可采用（)。

A.FOB Liner TermsB.FOB StowedC。

FOB Trimmed D.FOBST2．根据《2000通则》的解释，采用()术语成交时,卖方要负责订立运输合同，但不负责货物从交货地点至目的地的风险。

A。

E组B。

F组C。

C组D.D组3．根据《2000通则》的解释，下列贸易术语中，由买方负责办理出口通关手续并承担有关费用的是(）。

A.EXW B。

CPTC.FCAD.DDU4．下列有关D组贸易术语的说明中，与《2000通则》的规定不符的是（)。

A.采用D组术语成交的合同属于到达合同B.采用D组术语成交时，卖方无义务办理货运保险C.采用D组术语成交时，均由卖方办理出口通关手续D。

采用D组术语成交时,均由买方办理进口通关手续5．按照《2000通则》的解释，CIP、CPT与FCA的相同之处表现在(）。

A。

交货方式相同B.风险划分界限相同C。

当事人的责任相同D。

适用的运输方式相同6．按照《2000通则》的解释，FOB、CFR和CIF的共同点表现为（）。

A。

交货地点都是在装运港B.均适用于水上运输方式C.风险划分都是以船舷为界D。