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2020年21天突破托福核心词汇(带翻译)3单词释义abnormal a 反常的，变态的，不规则的acid n 酸 a 酸性的;尖酸刻薄的aesthetic(al) a 审美的;美的，艺术的amendment n 改正，修正;修正草案aquatic a 水生的，水栖的assess v 评定，估定awkward a 有毛病的，难使用的;笨拙的，粗劣的basic a 基础的，基本的，根本的bipedal a 两足动物的;两足的boundary n 边界，疆界，限界bumblebee n 大黄蜂，土蜂，野峰candidate n 候选人;候补人cater v 迎合，投合(to)chaos n 混乱claw n (动物的)爪;(蟹等的)钳comet n 彗星conclusive a 结论性的，确定性的;无争论余地的conservation n 保存，维持(健康)，保护(森林、河道、动物等)converse "1 v 谈话2 a 倒转的，逆(转)的 n 逆转"cranial a 颅的curve n 曲线 v 使弯曲，成曲线definite a 明确的;确定的deteriorate v 弄坏，使恶化;堕落dismay n&v (使)灰心;(使)沮丧dogged a 顽固的，固执的earnest a&n 热心(的);诚挚(的)，真挚(的)，认真(的) embody v 包含，收录enthusiasm n 热心，热情;热烈evaporate v 蒸发，挥发expose v 使暴露;使曝光fashion "1 v 制造2 n 风气，潮流;时新式样"flat a 平的，平坦的，扁平的forge v 打(铁)，锻制fundamental a 基础的，基本的;根本的genuine a 真正的，坦率的，真诚的，真心诚意的grand a 盛大的，宏大的;堂皇的，雄伟的harden v 使坚固，使变硬heritage n 世袭财产，(长子)继承权humanity n 人类，人性，人情，人道immediate a 即时的，立即的查看更多：21天突破托福词汇(完整版)inclination n 倾向，嗜好inject v 注入，注射integral a 完全的;缺一不可的，主要的invertebrate a&n 无脊椎动物(的)jumble n&v 搞乱，(使)混杂latter a 后面的，未了的([opp]first);(二者中)后者的([opp]former)lighthouse n 灯塔lone a 孤独的;无人烟的，人迹稀少的maize n 玉蜀黍，玉米(美国、加拿大叫corn)mature a 成熟的;仔细考虑过的 v 成熟;使成熟methane n 甲烷，沼气mock v 嘲弄，愚弄;嘲笑，挖苦moth n 蛀虫;蛾neck n 颈，脖子;(器物的)颈状部notable a 值得注意的，显著的;的，显要的odd a 奇妙的，奇特的，古怪的ore n 矿石，含有金属的矿石oxygen n 氧，氧气pasture n 牧场;草地percentage n [数]百分法;百分数;百分比;[商]手续费，佣金physician n 医生，内科医生plentiful a 丰富的portrait n 肖像，肖像画;相片precursor n 前辈，前驱;预兆，先兆primitive a 原始的，上古的;早期的prompt v 刺激，鼓励，怂恿psychologist n 心理学者;心理学家quotation n 引用语，语录(from)rattle n 格格地响的东西recording n 唱片;录了音的磁带regional a 地方(性)的;地方主义的;区域(性)的;局部的renaissance n 复兴;新生;文艺复兴(期)resemble v 像，类似，相似retreat n&v 后退，撤退，退缩，凹进rival v 相匹敌;对抗，竞争rush "1 n&v 向前猛进，冲，突进2 n 蜂拥而至;激增，猛长;繁忙"scent n 气味 v 发出气味，闻出气味secure "1 v 搞到;把……拿到手;得到;获得2 v 招致;促成3 v 使完全;防护;保卫;妥善保管"shade "1 n 朦胧色;浓淡;色调2 n 荫;阴处;树阴"shut v 关闭;把……关在门外，封闭slip "1 v 滑动;滑脱;滑落2 n 润滑性"sort "1 n 种类，类别，品种;种2 v 分类;整顿，整理"spine "1 n 脊骨，脊柱2 n 棘状突起，刺，针"stabilize v (使)稳定;(使)固定stem "1 n 茎，干，梗;叶柄，花梗，果柄2 v 起源于，起因于，(由……)发生，来自3 n 种族，血统，家系"strategy n 战略(学);策略，作战方针subsequent a 其后的，其次的;作为结果而发生的([opp]preceding)superb a 极好的，超等的，宏伟的，壮丽的swallow "1 v 吞，咽2 v 淹没(up)"tale n 故事，传说temperate a (气候等)温和的thereafter ad 此后till "1 conj 直到……为止2 n 冰碛土(物)"tow v 拖着走，拉着走trap v 设陷阱捕捉，诱捕，使受限制 n 陷阱troupe "1 n 剧团，戏班子;马戏团2 n 一团，一班，一伙"underlie v (-lay;-lain;-lying)位于……下面;成为……的基础utter "1 v 发出(声音等);讲，说2 a 完全的，十足的"verse n 韵文([opp]prose);诗vivid a (光、色)鲜明的;生动的weary a 疲倦的;感到厌倦的(of)witness v 目击，目睹 n 证人，证据。
2017 年11 月12 日托福阅读真题Passage One学科分类：环境类题目：Nitrogen In Crops 内容回忆：第一段：为了了解人类能量的消耗情况，研究人员研发了一种测试体系，可以测出人体各种元素含量。
第二段：该测试体系使用简单易操作的方法，结合氮元素在特性，通过燃烧食物，之后减去蛋白质和灰质所剩余的部分来检测氮元素含量，从而也可以了解有多少能量被消耗了。
第三段：氮元素很难被利用，很多没法直接获得。
第四段：该测试体系还有不足，有进一步的研究的空间。
词汇题：constraints on=limitations on appropriate=suitable sustain=continueprofoundly=deeplyPassage Two学科分类：生物类题目：Tree Species Identification in Tropical Rain Forests 内容回忆：151115CN-P3Tree Species Identification in Tropical Rain ForestsIdentifying tree species in tropical rain forests may be harder than you think .Plant species identification can be difficult for all kinds of reasons even identification of trees ，whichare big andconspicuous. For example，for some willow trees，both leaves and flowers may be needed for identification，but the two may not be present at the same time. Yet whatever problems may confront us in temperate climates，we can be sure that the tropics will pose far worse difficulties.In tropical rain forests, the flowers of a given tree species are typically not in bloom and so cannot be observed. In seasonal rain forests (with a distinct wet season and a distinct dry season)，many trees adjust their flowering to the rains，so flowering is to some extent predictable. But much rain forest (as in much of the Amazon region) is non seasonal，and trees may flower at any time. To be sure，different trees of the same species generally flower simultaneously ，for if they did not，they could not pollinate each other. 80 they must be responding to signals from the environment atlarge，or else (or in addition) they must be communicating with one another. But what those signals are is unknown，at least to us. To the human observer，the flowering seems random. In any case ，in a tropical forest (at least in a secondary forest ，which is forest that is regrowing after previous harvesting or clearance) ，the trees grow very close together，and most are remarkably thin，like poles，and grow straight up and disappear into the gloom，twenty meters overhead. Even if there are flowers，you would not necessarily see them.The leaves may not be accommodating either，at least when viewed from the ground. Rain-forest trees all face the same kinds of conditions and have adapted in the same general kinds of way. Rain forests are wet by definition. But in some there is a dry season，and even when there is not，it doesn't rain all the time. Thus the forest floor may be moist，but the topmost leaves of the canopy are far above it and are exposed to the fiercest sun. 80 the uppermost leaves must resist desiccation (drying out). Yet from time to time，and in due season every day，they must also endure tremendous downpours. Leaves that can cope with such contrasts tend to be thick and leathery (to resist drought) ，oval in shape，and have a prection at the end known as a drip tip to let surplus rain run off the leaf. Many hundreds of trees from dozens of only distantly related families have leaves of this general type. But even if you can distinguish individual leaves，it is hard to be certain if they belong to the tree you are interested in or to the one next to itor to some epiphyte (a plant that grows on other plants) or liana (vine) slung over its branches. Often，in short，researchers must base their identification of a tree on the bark of its trunk. The trunks of tropical trees are sometimes highly characteristic ，being deeply furrowed or twisted ，but in most species the bark is simply smooth and gray，dappled with lichen and moss.In a temperate forest you can be fairly sure that any one tree is the same species as the one next to itor,at least，it will be one of a list that is unlikely to exceed more than half a dozen (oak with ash in much of Britain; lodge pole pine with aspen in the northernmost reaches of North America ; alder，8cotch pine，and spruce in the Baltic ; and so on). But in the Amazon in particular，you can be fairly sure that any one tree is not the same species as the one next to it. Often there is a third of a mile between any two trees of the same species ，and there can be up to 120 different species of trees in any one acre, 80 the task, often, is to identify an individual tree that may be not much thicker than your arm from the appearance of its bark，out of a totallist of several hundred (or thousand) possibilities which may well include some that have not been described before, so that there is nothing to refer back to.1.The word conspicuous in the passage is closest in meaning toA.close to each othermonC.easily noticedD.solitary2.ln paragraph 1，why does the author discuss willow treesA.To provide an example of a tree that is unusuallylargeB.To explain the process of tree species identificationC.To support the idea that tropical trees can be more difficult to identify than temperate treesD.To demonstrate one reason why it can be problematic to determine what species a tree belongsto3.Paragraph 2 implies which of the following about tree flowering in seasonal rainforestsA.It is less predictable than tree flowering in tropical rain forestsB.It results from an unknown means of communication between the individual trees of each species.C.It is more useful to researchers trying to identify tree species than is the tree flowering in tropical rain forests.D.It follows the same pattern that tree flowering follows in a tropical secondary forest.4.In paragraph 2，why does the author discuss pollinationA.To provide evidence that in many tropical tree species flowering is at least somewhat predictableB.To help explain why flowers on trees in tropical rainforests can be absent most of the timeC.To help explain why different trees of the same species bloom at the same timeD.To suggest one reason why trees might benefit from adjusting their flowering to the rains5.According to paragraph 2，what is true about much of the AmazonregionA.It has tree species that adjust their pollination torainfall.B.It has not yet been harvested or cleared.C.It has trees that typically flower during periods ofrain.D.It does not have separate wet and dry seasons.6.The word endure in the passage is closest in meaning toA.withstandB.benefit fromC.avoidD.respond to7.The word surplus in the passage is closest in meaning toA.heavyB.steadyC.suddenD.extra8.Paragraph 3 an explanation for each of the followingcharacteristics of rain-forest tree leaves EXCEPTA.their having a drip-tip at the endB.their thicknessC.their leathery textureD.their oval shape9.According to paragraph 3，what is one reason that looking at leaves may not be very useful when trying to determine the species of a rain-forest treeA.Leaves of rainforest trees often look very different when they are wet than when they are dry.B.Leaves that are exposed to the hot tropical sun dry out and lose their distinguishing characteristics.C.It can be hard to determine whether a leaf has a drip tip or not.D.It can be hard to determine whether a leaf belongs to a tree or to another plant growing on the tree.10.According to paragraph 3，one reason that researchers in tropical forests must often rely on a tree's bark for species identification is thatA.distinct species of tree often have similar kinds of lichens and moss growing on their trunksB.the leaves of many different tropical tree species are very similar to each other in appearanceC.many rainforest trees have neither epiphytes norlianasD.the bark of the trees is less affected by changes in light and moisture than leaves are11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential informationA.Different temperate forests contain different combinations of tree species but in all such forests , all the trees of any one species are likely to be found close together.B.Temperate forests rarely contain more than about six species of tree, and trees growing next to each other tend to be of the same species.C.You can easily make a list of all the tree species that are likely to be found in temperateforests, and if one tree is not on that list, you can be confidentthat the tree next to it will be.D.Forests in Britain, in North America , and in the Baltic generally contain no more than half a dozen tree species , and all these species can be found on lists.12.The word task in the passage is closest in meaning toA.difficultyB.jobC.strategyD.requirement13.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.As a result, the topmost level of a rainforest can be desert-like.Where would the sentence best fit Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text Answer ChoicesA.In tropical forests different trees of the same species flower at different times so they are not able to pollinate one another.B.Flowering in tropical trees is often unpredictable and when it occurs, the flowers themselvestend to be too high up to be clearly visible.C.Many tropical tree species have leaves that look very similar from the ground , and because the trees often grow close together, correctly matching a leaf with a particular tree can be difficult.D.The leaves and bark of a single rainforest tree are often very different at different heights due to the need to adapt to different conditions, which adds to the difficulty ofspecies identification .E.Because trees in rain forests are spaced closelytogether, it is easy to tell whether neighboringplants are the same species, but that is not much help in determining which species they are.F.Often, a rain-forest tree has to be identified by its bark, but trees of like species arewidely scattered , the list of possible species is very long, and many havesimilar-lookingbark.词汇题：conspicuous=easily noticed endure=withstand surplus=extratask=job Passage Three 学科分类：生物类题目：Coral Reef Communities 内容回忆：140706CN-P2Coral Reef CommunitiesCoral reefs are massive underwater structures made from the hardlimestone exoskeletons of thousands of tiny living organisms (coral polyps) produced one on top of another in warm, clear, shallow oceanwaters. Living polyps extend upward and outward from the coralcolony center and live on top of the old dead exoskeletons. Coral reef communities are crowded with other animals representing virtually every major animal phylum. Space is at a premium on reefs, corals, seaweeds (various forms of algae), sponges, or other organisms cover virtually every surface. Because both corals andalgae require light to survive, access to light, like space, is also a resource subject to competition.Fast-growing, branching corals can grow over slower-growing, encrusting, or massive corals and deny them light. In response, theslower-growing forms can extend stinging filaments from theirdigestive cavity and kill their competitor’s polyps. Undamaged polyps on the faster-growing, branching coral, however, may growvery long sweeper tentacles, containing powerfulnematocysts(stingers) that kill polyps on the slower-growing form. Thefaster-growing form repairs the damage and continues to overgrow its competitor. In addition to sweeper tentacles and stinging filaments, corals have several other mechanisms available for attack ordefense.In general, slower-growing corals are more aggressive than fast-growing species. In cases where a competitor cannot be overcome, however, corals may survive by taking advantage of differences in local habitats. Massive corals are generally more shade tolerant andable to survive at greater depths. Therefore, on many reefs it isthefast-growing, branching corals that ultimately dominate at theupper, shallower portion of the reef, whereas more massive formsdominate in deeper areas.Corals also must compete with other reef organisms, each with its own strategies for survival. Sponges, soft corals, and seaweeds (algae) can overgrow stony corals and smother them. Algae arecompetitively superior to corals in shallow water but less so atdepth. Survival of coral in shallow water, therefore, may depend ongrazing by plant-eating echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins) and fishes. In Jamaica, overfishing removed most of the plant-eatingfish from coral reefs. Initially, algal growth was keptin check bygrazing sea urchins, but in 1982, a pathogen reduced the populationby 99 percent. Without grazers, the algae were able to completely overgrow the coral.Competition may occur among other reef communities. Grazing by urchins and fishes is important in preventing seaweeds from overgrowing the reef. The dominant algae on a healthy reef areusually fast-growing filamentous forms or coralline algae, well protected by calcification (hardening) and the production of noxious chemicals. These algae are inferior competitors to larger, fleshier seaweeds, so grazing by urchins and fishes on the larger seaweedsallows these algae to persist. Grazing on plants is greatest in the shallow reef areas but decreases with depth, where lower temperatures and light reduce algal growth. The reef is, therefore,a mosaic of microhabitats with different levels of grazing and different algal communities.An additional complexity arises from the activity of damselfish. Because they are territorial, many damselfish species excludegrazers and other species from certain areas of the reef. Algae growrapidly in these territories, providing habitat for many smallinvertebrates but overgrowing the corals. Branching corals tend to dominate in damselfish territories because they are upright andfaster growing than the more massive or encrusting forms.Although less studied than on rocky shores, predation almost certainly has a significant influence on the community structure ofcoral reefs. Fish and other predators may preferentially prey on such competitors of corals as sponges and gorgonians, givingcompetitively inferior reef corals an advantage in securing space. Many species of fish, mollusks, and crustaceans also feed directly on coral polyps. Several surgeonfish and parrotfish may actually pass coral skeletons through their digestive tracts and add sediment to the reef. Both fish and invertebrate corallivores (coral-feeding organisms) seem to attack faster-growing, branching species preferentially, perhaps preventing slower-growing forms from beingovergrown. Corallivores,however, rarely ever completely destroy acoral colony except in cases where tropical storms or humans have already done severe damage. The fact that almost all smallinvertebrates on reefs are so well hidden or highly camouflaged is another indicator of how prevalent predation is on reefs and its importance in determining reef structure.Paragraph 1Coral reefs are massive underwater structures made from the hardlimestone exoskeletons of thousands of tiny living organisms (coral polyps) produced one on top of another in warm, clear, shallow oceanwaters. Living polyps extend upward and outward from the coralcolony center and live on top of the old dead exoskeletons. Coral reef communities are crowded with other animals representing virtually everymajor animal phylum. Space is at a premium on reefs, corals, seaweeds (various forms of algae), sponges, or other organisms cover virtually every surface. Because both corals andalgae require light to survive, access to light, like space, is also a resource subject to competition.1.According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of coral reefs EXCEPT:¡Coral reefs grow biggest in the deepest waters of the ocean.¡The organisms living around coral reefs compete for limitedresources.¡There are many different organisms in coral reef communities.¡Coral reefs consist of the outer skeletons of small livingorganisms. Paragraph 2 Fast-growing, branching corals can grow over slower-growing, encrusting, or massive corals and deny them light. In response, theslower-growing forms can extend stinging filaments from theirdigestive cavity and kill their competitor’s polyps. Undamaged polyps on the faster-growing, branching coral, however, may growvery long sweeper tentacles, containing powerful nematocysts(stingers) that kill polyps on theslower-growing form. The faster-growing form repairs the damage and continues to overgrow its competitor. In addition to sweeper tentacles and stinging filaments, corals have several other mechanisms available for attack ordefense.2.According to paragraph 2, how do fast-growing branching coralsdefend themselves from attacks by slower-growing corals?¡By producing stinging sweeper tentacles¡By growing on top of the slower-growing corals¡By blocking the light to the slower-growing corals¡By destroying the stinging filament of the slower-growing corals3.The word "mechanisms " in the passage is closest in meaning to¡adaptations¡weapons¡parts¡means Paragraph 3In general, slower-growing corals are more aggressive than fast-growing species. Incases where a competitor cannot be overcome, however, corals may survive by taking advantage of differences in local habitats. Massive corals are generally more shade tolerant andable to survive at greater depths. Therefore, on many reefs it isthefast-growing, branching corals that ultimately dominate at theupper, shallower portion of the reef, whereas more massive formsdominate in deeper areas.4.The word "ultimately " in the passage is closest in meaning to¡naturally¡eventually¡quickly¡clearly Paragraph 4Corals also must compete with other reef organisms, each with its own strategies for survival. Sponges, soft corals, and seaweeds (algae) can overgrow stony corals and smother them. Algae arecompetitively superior to corals in shallow water but less so atdepth. Survival of coral in shallow water, therefore, may depend ongrazing by plant-eating echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins) and fishes. In Jamaica, overfishing removed most of the plant-eatingfish from coral reefs. Initially, algal growth was kept in check bygrazing sea urchins, but in 1982, a pathogen reduced the populationby 99 percent. Without grazers, the algae were able to completely overgrow the coral.5.The phrase "kept in check " in the passage is closest in meaning to¡limited¡prevented¡allowed¡stimulated6.In paragraph 4, why does the author discuss the effects of removingplant-eating fish and sea urchins from coral reefs?¡To identify a situation that contributes to the dominance of coralsin shallow waters¡To demonstrate the importance of grazing on seaweeds for thesurvival of some corals¡To provide evidence that seaweeds are better competitors than coralat depth¡To argue that sea urchin pathogens also attack corals7.According to paragraph 4, all of these pairs of organisms are incompetitionEXCEPT ¡corals and sponges¡algae and corals¡echinoderms and corals¡sea urchins and algae Paragraph 5Competition may occur among other reef communities. Grazing by urchins and fishes is important in preventing seaweeds from overgrowing the reef. The dominant algae on a healthy reef areusually fast-growing filamentous forms or coralline algae, well protected by calcification (hardening) and the production of noxious chemicals. These algae are inferior competitors to larger, fleshier seaweeds, so grazing by urchins and fishes on the larger seaweedsallows these algae to persist. Grazing on plants is greatest in the shallow reef areas but decreases with depth, where lower temperatures and light reduce algal growth. The reef is, therefore,a mosaic of microhabitats with different levels of grazing and different algal communities.8.According to paragraph 5, fast-growing filamentous or coralline algae are usually the dominant algae on healthy coral reefs in part because they¡are not affected by noxious chemicals produced by other organisms¡are less attractive as food for sea urchins and fishes than bigger seaweeds are¡occupy the areas of coral reefs that have lower temperatures and less light¡can live in a wider variety of microhabitats than their competitors can Paragraph 6 An additional complexity arises from the activity of damselfish. Because they are territorial, many damselfish species excludegrazers and other species from certain areas of the reef. Algae growrapidly in these territories, providing habitat for many smallinvertebrates but overgrowing the corals. Branching corals tend to dominate in damselfish territories because they are upright andfaster growing than the more massive or encrusting forms.9.According to paragraph 6, which of the following is an effect of the activity of damselfish on the reef environment?¡Encrusting corals dominate in damselfish territories.¡The damselfish attract many species of grazers.¡Algae grow rapidly.¡Algal diversity is greater than in other parts of the reef. Paragraph 7Although less studied than on rocky shores, predation almost certainly has a significant influence on the community structure ofcoral reefs. Fish and other predators may preferentially prey on such competitors of corals as sponges and gorgonians, givingcompetitively inferior reef corals an advantage in securing space. Many species of fish, mollusks, and crustaceans also feed directly on coral polyps. Several surgeonfish and parrotfish may actually pass coral skeletons through their digestive tracts and add sediment to the reef. Both fish and invertebrate corallivores (coral-feeding organisms) seem to attack faster-growing, branching species preferentially, perhaps preventing slower-growing forms from beingovergrown. Corallivores, however, rarely ever completely destroy acoral colony except in cases where tropical storms or humans have already done severe damage. The fact that almost all smallinvertebrates on reefs areso well hidden or highly camouflaged is another indicator of how prevalent predation is on reefs and its importance in determining reef structure.10.The word "securing " in the passage is closest in meaning to¡looking for¡getting¡maximizing¡sharing11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essentialinformation.¡The presence of only very small invertebrates on a reef is anindication of widespread predation.¡Most reefs are structured in a way which allows small invertebrates to remain hidden or camouflaged.¡Almost all small invertebrates are hidden or camouflaged, indicatingthe extent and importance of predation to reef structure.¡Almost all of the small invertebrates on reefs are difficult to find because they areso highly camouflaged.12.Paragraph 7 mentions all of the following as effects of predation on the community structure of coral reefs EXCEPT:¡Corals are advantaged when predators prefer to attack competitors orcorals.¡Faster-growing corals are prevented from overgrowing slower-growingcorals when faster-growing species are preferred by competitors.¡Predation contributes to the sediment deposit of the reef.¡Small invertebrates are exposed to competitively superior organisms. Paragraph 3In general, slower-growing corals are more aggressive than fast-growing species.■In cases where a competitor cannot be overcome, however, coralsmay survive by taking advantage of differences in local habitats.■Massive corals are generally more shade tolerant and able to survive at greater depths. ■Therefore, on many reefs it is thefast-growing, branching corals that ultimately dominate at theupper, shallower portion of the reef, whereas more massive forms dominate in deeper areas. ■13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.For example, different species of corals have different needs forlight. Where wouldthe sentence best fit?14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of thepassage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that expressthe most important ideas in thepassage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary becausethey express ideas that are not presented in the passage or areminor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Coral reef communities include many different organisms that must compete for resourcessuch as space and light.Answer Choices¡In order to keep from being overgrown, the different species of coral kill each other’s polyps, or live in differentlocal habitats within the reef community.¡Competition among the different species of corals is more intense than that between corals and other coral reef inhabitants.¡Predation shapes reef structure by getting rid of competitors of corals, but coral polyps themselves are also eaten, as are many reef inhabitants.¡Coral reefs are divided into a shallow upper portion and a deeper lower portion with branching corals dominating in the lowerportion.¡Grazing by fishes and urchins prevents algae and seaweedsfrom overgrowing the corals, although damselfish exclude grazers from some areas.¡Fish and invertebrate corallivores are the most common cause of coral colony destruction, followed by tropical storms and damage by humans.词汇题：mechanisms=means ultimately=eventually kept in check=prevented securing=getting2017 年11 月12 日托福口语真题Task 1Your local community center wants to add some new workshops or programs for children, which of the following do you think would be most beneficial for children’s development?A.Art craft workshopB.Technology workshopC.Athletic programs Task 2Some managers tend to check worker’s task closely or frequently, while others tend to check them rarely or causally. Which is better for the management ?Task 3阅读标题：The university is going to cancel time management program原因: 因为申请的人很少，会打击工作人员的工作积极性，所以决定期中的时候再开放。
高二年级英语心理学初探单选题50题1. The state of being extremely sad and losing interest in life is often related to ______.A. AnxietyB. DepressionC. ObsessionD. Hallucination答案：B。
解析：A选项Anxiety是焦虑的意思，通常表现为过度担忧、不安；B选项Depression是抑郁，其特征包括极度悲伤、对生活失去兴趣等，符合题意；C选项Obsession是痴迷、困扰的意思，与悲伤和对生活失去兴趣无关；D选项Hallucination是幻觉，与题干所描述的心理状态无关。
2. A person who has an unreasonable fear of a particular thing is said to have ______.A. PhobiaB. ParanoiaC. AmnesiaD. Dementia答案：A。
解析：A选项Phobia指恐惧症，即对特定事物有不合理的恐惧；B选项Paranoia是偏执狂，主要表现为过度猜疑等，与对特定事物的恐惧无关；C选项Amnesia是失忆症，与恐惧无关；D选项Dementia是痴呆，与题干描述的对特定事物的恐惧不相关。
3. Which term refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of others?A. EmpathyB. SympathyC. ApathyD. Antipathy答案：A。
解析：A选项Empathy是同理心，强调理解并分享他人的感受；B选项Sympathy更多是同情，只是表示对他人的不幸表示怜悯，并不一定理解和分享感受；C选项Apathy是冷漠，与理解和分享感受相反；D选项Antipathy是反感，与题干表达的意思完全不同。
全国⾃考《现代语⾔学》历年真题及详解【圣才出品】2015年10⽉全国⾃考《现代语⾔学》真题及详解课程代码：00830选择题部分I.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(2%×10=20%)1.A study of the features of the English language used in Charles Dickens’time can be regarded as a _____study.A.diachronicB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.historical【答案】C【解析】研究某⼀时期的语⾔特征属于共时研究，故选C项。
2.Of the following consonants,_____is dental.A.[t]B.[p]C.[?]D.[θ]【答案】D【解析】[θ]是⾆齿⾳，故D项正确。
[t]是齿龈⾳（alveolar），[p]爆破⾳（plosive），[?]是腭⾳（palatal）。
3.The inflectional morpheme in the word“deforestated”is_____.A.de-B.forestC.-ateD.-ed【答案】D【解析】曲折词素指的是不改变单词意思⽽改变单词词性的词素，-ed将单词由动词变为形容词，属于曲折词素，故D项正确。
de-和-ate是派⽣词素，forest是词根。
4.The syntactic rules of any language are_____in number,and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.A.finiteB.non-finiteC.infiniteD.definite【答案】A【解析】任何语⾔的句法规则都是有限的，但是⼈们能够制造并理解⽆数句⼦，这是由语⾔的递归性和⼆重性决定的，故A项正确。
广东省华附省实广雅深中四校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题一、单项选择1．After months of hard work and preparation, the company finally saw its business ________, attracting numerous investments.A．take up B．take over C．take off D．take in2．________ in the planning process for the group project will leave team members feeling disconnected and unproductive.A．Not involving B．Not involvedC．Not having involved D．Not being involved3．It is reported that a new wildlife conservation area has been established in ________ was once known for deforestation to protect endangered species.A．what B．which C．how D．where4．________ a healthy eating habit, and you can feel more energetic and improve your well-being.A．Have B．To have C．Having D．Had5．________ unique project, ________ of a series of experiments, is designed to investigate the potential of AI in identifying medical conditions.A．An; consists B．A; consists C．An; consisting D．A; consisting 6．The thrilling moment ________ Susan cherishes most is ________ she reached the peak of the mountain and appreciated the untouched wilderness below.A．that; when B．which; why C．where; when D．what; why 7．The new Guangzhou Cultural Museum, ________ a collection of historical relics from various dynasties, ________ visitors with its rich cultural heritage.A．housing; collects B．featuring; attracts C．displayed; gathersD．contained; fascinates8．By the time she ________ next year, Sarah ________ three internships, giving her a strong foundation for her career in finance.A．graduate; will complete B．graduates; will have completedC．graduated; will be completed D．graduating; will be completing9．________ mutual understanding, cultural exchange programs ________ among the countries participating in the meeting currently.A．Strengthening; is introduced B．Strengthened; is being introducedC．Having strengthened; are introduced D．To strengthen; are being introduced10．________ the weather is like, the marathon will continue as planned, with participants________ to prepare for rain or shine.A．Whatever; advised B．However; advisedC．No matter what; being advised D．No matter how; being advised11．A recent survey ________ 60% of US respondents believed social media platforms were evolving too fast, ________ 80% urged caution in introducing new features.A．shows, since B．has shown, so C．showed, while D．had shown, as 12．________ data leaks have become more common, worries about privacy are growing, and the chance ________ a person’s private details are at risk is getting higher.A．Given that; whether B．Now that; thatC．But that; whether D．Except that; that13．The information board ________ that all drones (无人机) under 250 grams must be registered with the local flight agency before ________ in public areas.A．reads; flew B．read; being flown C．reads; flying D．read; flying14．________ governments have addressed the problem of affordable housing ________ their commitment to providing accessible living options for all citizensA．What; reflects B．That; reflects C．There; reflected D．Whether; reflected 15．Novels by authors such as Dickens and Austen are widely read, some of ________ works, however, are sometimes difficult ________.A．which, to comprehend B．whose, to comprehendC．which, to be comprehended D．whose, to be comprehended二、阅读理解There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in the Antarctic. Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and the female pioneers they’re named after.Jones TerraceThe ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victoria Land bears Jones’ name. In 1969, geochemist Lois M. Jones led the first all-female research team from the U. S. to work in Antarctica. Jones and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica. Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected, Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley’s ice-covered lakes.Mount Fiennes8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica’s largest island — Alexander Island — is named after Ginny Fiennes. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic with her colleagues. In 1985, Fiennes became the first female invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region.Francis PeakThe 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK. Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.Peden CliffsPeden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic, where she used radio waves to study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio wave spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.16．What do the first two pioneers have in common?A．They analyzed different chemicals of rocks in Antarctica.B．They both worked with their own team in Antarctica.C．They conducted the research in the ice-free areas in Antarctica.D．They joined the Antarctic Club for their stay in Antarctica.17．Who proved the previous higher temperatures of the Antarctic?A．Lois M. Jones.B．Ginny Fiennes.C．Dame Jane Francis.D．Irene Peden.18．What is the scientific breakthrough of Irene Peden?A．She was the first American scientist to explore the Antarctic.B．She measured the spreading frequencies of radio waves.C．She found out the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.D．She discovered a lot of ice-covered lakes in the Antarctic.Canadian author Alice Munro, a master of the contemporary short story, passed away on May 13, 2024, at 92.Munro’s texts featured depictions of everyday but decisive events, pulling vast themes out of ordinary settings. Her characters often mirrored her own rural Ontario lifestyle. In an interview after winning the Nobel Prize, she said that living in a small town gave her the freedom to write. “I don’t think I could have been so brave if I had been living in a city, competing with people on what can be called a generally higher cultural level,” she said. “As far as I knew, at least for a while, I was the only person I knew who wrote stories.”Munro’s first short story was published when she was 37, a college dropout squeezing in writing time around her children’s naps. By the time she was in her 60s, she had become one of the most celebrated short-story writers in the world. Throughout her long career, she hardly ever failed to wow readers and critics with her quietly powerful language. In reviewing her last collection, Dear Life, NPR critic Alan Cheuse wrote “A Munro story gives us so much life within the bounds of a single tale that it nourishes (滋养) us almost as much as a novel does.”In a literary culture that tends to celebrate novels over shorter fiction, Munro has been a constant advocate for the power of the short story. In the interview, Munro emphasized the significance of her win not for herself, but for her art form: “I really hope this would make people see the short story as an important art, not just something you play around with until you get a novel written.”When asked “Do you want young women to be inspired by your books and feel inspired to write?” Munro replied, “I don’t care about that. I want people to find not so much inspiration as great joy. I want them to think of my books as related to their own lives in ways.”19．Why did Munro feel free to write while living in rural areas?A．She was inspired by rural landscape and lifestyles.B．She was free from stress of a more cultured setting.C．She had more courage to compete with urban writers.D．She had access to ordinary people and decisive events.20．What did Alan Cheuse say about Munro’s stories in Dear Life?A．They promote readers’ mental well-being.B．They have broken the length limit of short stories.C．They impress readers with quietly powerful language.D．They offer richness and depth in shorter format.21．How did Munro view the short story in literary culture?A．It is more powerful than novels.B．It is a way of entertainment for young writers.C．It is as important an art form as novels.D．It is an inspiration for young writers. 22．What did Munro want readers to get by reading her books?A．Inspiration to become writers themselves.B．Enjoyment and connection to their own lives.C．Pleasure and motivation to change their lives.D．Information about art forms and literary culture.Handwriting notes in class might seem old-fashioned as digital technology affects nearly every aspect of learning. But a recent study in Frontiers in Psychology suggests that taking notes with pen and paper is still the best way to learn, especially for young children.The new research builds on a 2014 study that suggested people may type notes quickly, without thinking much about what they’re writing-but writing by hand is slower and makes them actively pay attention to and process the incoming information. This conscious action of building on existing knowledge can make it easier for students to stay engaged and grasp new concepts.To understand specific brain-activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the authors of the new study sewed 256 electrodes (电极) into a hairnet. These sensors let the scientists record 36 students’ brain activity as they wrote or typed words displayed on a screen. When students wrote by hand, the sensors picked up widespread brain connectivity throughout visual regions that receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层) that helps the brain use environmental inputs to inform a person’s next action. Typing, however, resulted in minimal activity in these brain regions.Vanderbilt University educational neuroscientist Sophia Vinci-Booher says the recent studyhighlights the clear tie between physical actions and concept understanding, “As you’re writing a word, you’re taking this continuous understanding of something and using motor system to create it.” That creation then affects the visual system, where it’s processed again-strengthening the connection between an action and the words associated with it.Vinci-Booher notes that the new findings don’t mean technology is always a disadvantage in the classroom. Digital devices can be more efficient for writing essays and offer more equal access to educational resources. However, there’s a growing trend of relying on digital devices to perform cognitive (认知的) tasks, such as taking photos instead of memorizing information. Yadurshana Sivashankar, an researcher at the University of Waterloo says, “If we’re not actively using these areas, then they are going to become worse over time, whether it’s memory or motor skills.”23．Why does the author mention the 2014 study?A．To present different research findings.B．To make the new research more convincing C．To compare two note taking approaches.D．To show the advantage of writing slowly 24．What can be learned from the experiment in Paragraph 3?A．Sensors were used to process visual information.B．Electrodes were connected to students’ hair directly.C．Writing by hand activated more brain activity than typing.D．Typing stimulated the motor cortex to inform following action.25．What would Sophia Vinci-Booher probably advise students to do?A．Make better use of motor system.B．Take advantage of digital devices.C．Adopt a new approach to taking notes.D．Memorize words by writing essays. 26．What is the main idea of the text?A．Technology is not a disadvantage in classroom.B．Writing by hand comes with learning benefits.C．Taking notes enhances students’ brain activity.D．Two note-taking approaches have clear differences.The more scientists investigate the microbes (微生物) living inside us, the more they learn about the surprising impact of the tiny organisms on how we look, act, think, and feel. Are ourhealth and well-being really driven by the bacteria, viruses and fungi that live in our intestines (肠), in our lungs, on our skin, on our eyeballs? What a weird concept — that the bugs we carry around appear to be essential to establishing the basic nature of who we are.The effects of the microbiome, the microorganisms that exist in human body, can be profound and can start incredibly early. In a study, scientists showed that something supposedly as natural as a child’s character might be related to the bacteria in an infant’s digestive system; the more Bifidobacterium (双歧杆菌) there are, the sunnier the baby is. This observation, from the University of Turku in Finland, is based on an analysis of samples from 301 babies. Those with the highest proportion of Bifidobacterium organisms at two months old were more likely to exhibit a trait the researchers called “positive emotionality” at six months old.Microbiome science is still relatively young. Most studies so far have been initial and small-scale, involving only a dozen or so mice or humans. Scientists have found associations between the microbiome and disease but can’t yet draw clear cause-and-effect conclusions about our extensive collection of microorganisms and their effects on us as hosts. Still, the collection itself is mind-boggling — it’s now thought to be around 38 trillion microbes for a typical young adult male, slightly more than the number of actual human cells. And the prospects for putting that collection to use are more than promising.In the not-too-distant future, according to the most enthusiastic researchers, it might be a routine for us to take a dose of healthy microbes in various forms. Hopefully, with the help of new medical advances, we will be able to achieve our full potential by functioning at peak levels internally and externally.27．What can we learn about microbiome?A．The development of microbiome is quite mature nowadays.B．The more Bifidobacterium an adult has, the healthier one is.C．More microbes than human cells are present in young men.D．Microbes have little influence on shaping our identity28．What does the underlined word “mind-boggling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Weakening.B．Astonishing.C．Disturbing.D．Misleading. 29．What can be inferred from the text?A．It’s necessary to remove certain fungi from our body.B．2-month-old babies are often more positive than 6-month-old ones.C．New supplements related to microbiome are likely being developedD．The relationship between microorganisms and disease remains unclear.30．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．How microbes benefit our health.B．How microbes shape our lives.C．What affects early childhood.D．What Turku University reveals about microbes.On a large scale, making the world a better place can seem challenging. 31 As a leader, your perspectives and ideas can directly impact your community for the better. Here are some ways to make an impact and grow your leadership through emotional intelligence.32 Being able to provide a safe space through deep listening creates trust, which lays the foundation for meaningful relationships and fruitful partnerships. As a result, people are more likely to share openly and honestly. Empathy and listening will increase the quality of your relationships and skyrocket your results.Making a positive impact can also be as simple as taking the time to acknowledge and inspire someone into action. Taking time to acknowledge someone by letting them know you see their efforts and talents. 33 An example of what this could sound like is, “Wow! I am blown away by your project. What I see possible for you is to share with the rest of the team how to do it too.”Get involved with your already existing communities and networking circles. Start by connecting with your peers and ask them about causes they’re already involved in. 34 There is almost no limit to the impact you can create contributing to a cause that matters to you and your peers. With a little time, you can make a big difference.Sharing your knowledge and strengths is another essential skill. When you share with others, you’re teaching them something special about you and your journey. Imagine what would be possible if your community was in the mode of cooperation and contribution. This approach creates new ideas and opportunities. 35A．Show your kindness and respect to others.B．This informs them that they are appreciated.C．As your conversation continues, ask what is needed.D．Support your friends and colleagues by listening actively.E．When you are in contribution to others, you make a positive impact.F．As a leader, you have your own unique set of strengths and knowledge.G．One person may not change the world, but you can make a positive impact daily.三、完形填空At one night in July 2020 in Reykjavik, Halli was wandering around the city’s main street with his wife and two kids. During their walk, his three-year-old son was 36 and wanted a drink from the corner store. But Halli soon discovered he couldn’t help with the 37 request: A 20-centimetre step 38 his access to the store.The barrier was all too 39 . Born with muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎缩), which causes progressive 40 and loss of muscle, Halli, now 46, has been using a wheelchair since he was 25.As he 41 his wife and children outside the shop, he recalls, “I thought about how very strange it is that we always 42 families in this way.”Living all over the world as a creative director and digital designer, Halli had 43 first hand how different cities consider and plan for accessibility, from ramps (坡道) and sidewalks to public transportation. He decided to start with a project to make Iceland wheelchair 44 .Ramp Up Reykjavik launched as a non-profit in 2021 with a 45 to build 100 ramps within 1 year. Unlike temporary solutions in other cities, these ramps are 46 structures that match the beauty of buildings.With the help of government funding and other sponsors, the Ramp Up team finished ahead of schedule and has 47 its scope to all of Iceland. In three short years, Hali has become a 48 in his hometown. Halli is proud that Ramp Up has 49 others to act. “Equal access to society is 50 not something that is a reality yet,” says Hali. But as he’s learned, change starts with just one person.36．A．anxious B．thirsty C．exhausted D．hungry37．A．special B．funny C．simple D．childish 38．A．replaced B．ruined C．supported D．blocked 39．A．surprising B．familiar C．unique D．complex 40．A．weakness B．depression C．strength D．trouble 41．A．waited for B．listened to C．worried about D．searched for 42．A．reject B．protect C．separate D．connect 43．A．ignored B．recorded C．questioned D．witnessed 44．A．accessible B．attractive C．effective D．practical 45．A．treatment B．limitation C．goal D．rule 46．A．convenient B．permanent C．formal D．useful 47．A．broadened B．hidden C．narrowed D．deepened 48．A．master B．legend C．success D．expert 49．A．prevented B．persuaded C．forced D．motivated 50．A．fortunately B．definitely C．eventually D．regularly四、语法填空语法填空When discussing global education systems, Finland stands out for 51 (it) high-ranking performance in international assessments and holistic (全面的) approach to education. The Finnish curriculum prioritizes essential life skills such as 52 (creative), cooperation, critical thinking, and communication. Additionally, Finnish schools 53 (emphasis) social and emotional skills like empathy and self-confidence, ensuring students are well-rounded and prepared for real-world challenges.Finland’s education system values cooperation 54 competition, fostering a cooperative learning environment 55 students learn from and support each other. Meanwhile, Finnish teachers enjoy freedom to design their course, which allows them 56 (tailor) their teaching methods to meet their students’ unique needs. This trust in teachers, combined with the cooperative learning environment, 57 (promote) innovation, continuous improvement, and collective responsibility for student success.58 , to imitate Finland’s success requires careful consideration of contextual factors and systemic differences. Finland’s model shows that comprehensive education, 59 (profession) trust, and cooperation are key to 60 (secure) long-term student success.五、书信写作61．上周六，你校组织了“走进社区”实践活动。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A magician’s talk creates a（）of attention so that people do not see how he does his tricks. 问题1选项A.vacuumB.concentrationC.divisionD.diversion【答案】D【解析】vacuum真空；concentration集中；division区分；diversion转移，分散注意力。
句意：魔术师的谈话转移了人们的注意力，使人们看不见他是如何表演魔术的。
选项D符合句意。
2.单选题Originally designed as work clothes for miners, jeans are now worm by all segments of society, their appeal ______ by their comfort and affordability.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.corrodedplicatedD.broadened 【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项overwhelmed“（感情或感觉）充溢，难以禁受；击败，征服”；B选项corroded“腐蚀，侵蚀”；C选项complicated“使复杂”；D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”。
句意：牛仔裤最初是为矿工设计的工作服，现在受到社会各阶层的追捧，它的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而______。
这里要填的是牛仔裤的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而怎么样，D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”符合题意，也对应前面牛仔裤受欢迎的特点。
因此D选项正确。
3.单选题The elegant decorations （）the gym into a starlit ballroom.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transferredC.transcendedD.transformed【答案】D【解析】transplant移植, 迁移；transfer转让, 移交；transcend胜过, 超越；transform改变, 转换。
男女大脑差异英语作文The Enigmatic Differences: Unraveling the Gender-Based Distinctions in the Human BrainThe human brain, the most complex and intriguing organ in the body, has long been the subject of intense scientific scrutiny. As researchers delve deeper into the intricate workings of this remarkable structure, one area that has captured significant attention is the apparent differences between the brains of men and women. These gender-based distinctions have sparked a multitude of studies and debates, each shedding light on the unique capabilities and characteristics that define the male and female mind.At the outset, it is crucial to acknowledge that the notion of a single, universal brain "type" for each gender is a gross oversimplification. The human brain is a remarkably diverse and dynamic organ, with individual variations that transcend the boundaries of biological sex. Nevertheless, the accumulated body of research has revealed certain patterns and trends that are worth exploring.One of the most well-documented differences between male and female brains lies in their structural composition. Studies have shownthat, on average, the male brain tends to be slightly larger in overall volume, with a higher proportion of grey matter, the tissue primarily responsible for processing and transmitting information. Conversely, the female brain typically exhibits a higher percentage of white matter, the connective tissue that facilitates communication between different regions of the brain.These structural disparities have been linked to various functional differences observed between genders. For instance, research suggests that the male brain may be more specialized in spatial processing and mathematical reasoning, while the female brain demonstrates greater aptitude in language and verbal skills. This notion aligns with the common perception that men tend to excel in fields like engineering and physics, while women often thrive in domains such as literature, linguistics, and the humanities.However, it is important to note that these generalizations are not absolute, and there is a great deal of individual variation within each gender. Moreover, the interpretation of these findings has been the subject of much debate, with some scholars arguing that the observed differences are more a result of societal expectations and cultural conditioning than innate biological factors.Another intriguing aspect of the gender-based brain differences lies in the realm of emotional processing and regulation. Studies haveconsistently shown that the female brain exhibits heightened activity in areas associated with emotional processing, such as the amygdala and the limbic system. This increased emotional sensitivity is often attributed to the influence of sex hormones, which play a crucial role in shaping the brain's development and function.Interestingly, this enhanced emotional capacity in women has been linked to a greater susceptibility to certain mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety. While the reasons for this correlation are not entirely clear, researchers have speculated that the female brain's heightened emotional reactivity may make it more vulnerable to the onset of these disorders.In contrast, the male brain has been observed to exhibit a stronger association between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, suggesting a more efficient regulation of emotional responses. This, in turn, has been associated with a lower incidence of certain mood disorders in men, although they are more prone to conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The exploration of gender-based brain differences extends beyond the realms of structure and function. Advances in neuroimaging technology have enabled researchers to delve into the dynamic nature of the brain, revealing intriguing insights into the ways inwhich male and female brains respond to various stimuli and engage in cognitive tasks.For instance, studies have shown that the male brain tends to exhibit more lateralized activation patterns, with specific tasks being predominantly processed in one hemisphere. Conversely, the female brain often demonstrates a more diffuse and bilateral activation, suggesting a greater degree of cooperation and integration between the two hemispheres.This distinction has been linked to the observed differences in problem-solving strategies. While men may often rely on a more focused, linear approach, women tend to exhibit a more holistic and intuitive style, drawing upon a broader range of cognitive resources to arrive at solutions.Furthermore, the gender-based differences in brain activity have been observed in various cognitive domains, including language processing, spatial navigation, and decision-making. These findings have implications for understanding the unique strengths and challenges faced by individuals of different genders, and have the potential to inform educational practices, workplace dynamics, and clinical interventions.It is crucial to emphasize that the exploration of gender-based braindifferences is a complex and nuanced endeavor. The human brain is a remarkably adaptable and plastic organ, constantly shaped by a multitude of factors, including genetics, environment, and life experiences. As such, the observed differences between male and female brains should be interpreted with caution, and should not be used to perpetuate harmful stereotypes or to limit individuals' potential.In conclusion, the study of gender-based brain differences is a fascinating and rapidly evolving field of research. By delving into the intricate workings of the male and female brain, we gain a deeper understanding of the remarkable complexity and versatility of the human mind. As we continue to unravel these mysteries, it is essential that we approach the subject with scientific rigor, empathy, and a commitment to promoting equality and inclusivity. Only then can we harness the full potential of the human brain, regardless of gender, and create a more just and equitable world.。
