下载文档原格式
11. M: Oh, I’m so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK? Q: What do we learn from this conversation?12. W: Doctor, I haven’t been able to get enough sleep lately, and I’m too tired to concentrate in class.M: Well, you know, spending too much time indoors with all that artificial lighting can do that to you. Your body loses track of whether it’s day or night.Q: What does the man imply?13. M: I think I’ll get one of those new T-shirts, you know, with the school’s logo on both the front and back.W: You’ll regret it. They are expensive, and I’ve heard the printing fades easily when you wash them.Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: I think your article in the school newspaper is right on target, and your viewpoints have certainly convinced me. M: Thanks, but in view of the general responses, you and I are definitely in the minority.Q: What does the man mean?15. M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to again?W: Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?16. M: Would you please tell me where I can get batteries for this brand of camera?W: Let me have a look. Oh, yes, go down this aisle, pass the garden tools, you’ll find them on the shelf next to the light bulbs.Q: What is the man looking for?17. M: Our basketball team is playing in the finals but I don’t have a ticket. I guess I’ll just watch it on TV. Do you want to come over?W: Actually I have a ticket. But I’m not feeling well. You can have it for what it cost me.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18. M: Honey, I’ll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?W: Sure, it’s the first performance of the State SymphonyOrchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Long ConversationsConversation 1M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.W: So you are not sure which to go for?M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the language school is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a different minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.M: That’s true.W: What about the salaries?。
2010-06-19大学英语四级考试Section AShort Conversations11. W: Just imagine! We have to finish reading 300 pages before Monday! How can the professor expect us to do it in such a short time?M: Yeah, but what troubles me is that I can‟t find the book in the lib rary or in the university bookstore.Q: What does the man mean?12. M: Do you think I could borrow your car to go grocery shopping? The supermarkets outside the city are so much cheaper. I‟d also be happy to pick up anything you need.W: Well, I don‟t like to let anyone else drive my car. Tell you what, why don‟t we go together? Q: What does the woman mean?13. M: Forgive the mess in here, we have a party last night. There were a lot of people and they all brought food.W: Yeah, I can tell. Well, I guess it‟s pretty obvious what you‟ll be doing most of today.Q: What does the woman think the man will do?14. W: What time would suit you for the first round talks with John Smith?M: Well, you know my schedule. Other than this Friday, one day is as good as the next.Q: What does the man mean?15. W: I was so angry yesterday! My biology teacher did not even let me explain why I missed the field trip. He just wouldn‟t let me pass!M: That doesn‟t seem fair. I‟d feel that way too if I were you.Q: What does the man imply?16. M: I really can‟t stand the way David controls the conversation all the time. If he is going to be at your Christmas party, I just won‟t come.W: I‟m sorry you feel that way, but my mother insists that he come.Q: What does the woman imply?17. W: You‟re taking a course with Professor Johnson. What‟s your impression so far?M: Well, many students could hardly stay awake in his class without first drinking a cup of coffee. Q: What does the man imply?18. W: Have you ever put a computer together before?M: No, never. But I think if we follow these instructions exactly, we won‟t have much trouble.Q: What are the speakers going to do?Long ConversationsConversation 1W: What sort of hours do you work, Steve?M: Well I have to work very long hours, about eleven hours a day.W: What time do you start?M: I work 9 to 3, then I start again at 5:30 and work until 11, six days a week. So I have to work very unsocial hours.W: And do you have to work at the weekend?M: Oh, yes, that‟s our busiest time. I get Wednesdays off.W: What are the things you have to do and the things you don‟t have to do?M: Uh, I don‟t have to do the washing-up, so that‟s good. I have to wear white, and I have to keep everything in the kitchen totally clean.W: What‟s ha rd about the job?M: You are standing up all the time. When we are busy, people get angry and sharp, but that‟s normal.W: How did you learn the profession?M: Well, I did a two-year course at college. In the first year we had to learn the basics, and then we had to take exams.W: Was it easy to find a job?M: I wrote to about six hotels and one of them gave me my first job, so I didn‟t have to wait too long.W: And what‟s the secret of being good at your job?M: Attention to detail. You have to love it. You have to show passion for it.W: And what are your plans for the future?M: I want to have my own place when the time is right.Q19. What does the man say about his job?Q 20. What does the man think is the hardest part of his job?Q 21. Where did the man get his first job after graduation?Q 22. What does the man say is important to being good at his job?Conversation 2W: Now you‟ve seen this table of figures about the pocket money children in Britain get?M: Yes. I thought it was quite interesting, b ut I don‟t quite understand the column entitled change. Can you explain what it means?W: Well, I think it means the change from the year before. I am not a mathematician, but I assume the rise from 70p to 90p is a rise of 25 percent.M: Oh yes, I see. And the inflation rate is there for comparison.W: Yes. why do you think the rise in pocket money is often higher than inflation?M: I am sorry I‟ve no idea. Perhaps parents in Britain are too generous.W: Perhaps they are. But it looks as if children were not better off in 2001 than they were in 2002. That‟s strange, isn‟t it? And they seem to have been better off in 2003 than they are now. I wonder why that is.M: Yes, I don‟t understand that at all.W: Anyway, if you had children, how much pocket money would you give them?M: I don‟t know. I think I‟ll probably give them 2 pounds a week.W: Would you? And what would you expect them to do with it?M: Well, out of that, they have to buy some small personal things, but I wouldn‟t expect them to save to buy their own socks, for example.W: Yes, by the way, do most children in your country get pocket money?M: Yeah, they do.Q23 What is the table of figures about?Q24 What do we learn from the conversation about British children‟s pocket money?Q25 Supposing the man had children, what would he expect them to do with their pocket money? Section BPassage 1As the new sales director for a national computer firm, Alex Gordon was looking forward to his first meeting with the company‟s district managers. Everyone arrived on time, and Alex‟s presentation went extremely well. He decided to end the meeting with the conversation about the importance of the district managers to the company‟s plans. “I believe we are going to continue to increase our share of the market,”he began, “because of the quality of the people in this room. The district manager is the key to the success of the sales representatives in his district. He sets the term for everyone else. If he has ambitious goals and is willing to put in long hours, everyone in his unit will follow his example.” When Alex was finished, he received polite applauses, but hardly the warm response he had hoped for. Later he spoke with one of the senior managers. “Things were going so well until the end”, Alex said disappointedly. “Obviously, I said the wrong thing.” “Yes”, the district manager replied. “Half of our managers are women. Most have worked their way up from sales representatives, and they are very proud of the role they played in the company‟s growth. They don‟t care at all about political correctness. But they were definitely surprised and distressed to be referred to as …he‟ in your speech.”Q26 Who did Alex Gordon speak to at the first meeting?Q27 What did Alex want to emphasize at the end of his presentation?Q28 What do we learn about the audience at the meeting?Q29 Why did Alex fail to receive the warm response he had hoped for?Passage 2The way to complain is to act business-like and important. If your complaint is immediate, suppose you got the wrong order at a restaurant, make a polite but firm request to see the manager. When the manager comes, ask his or her name. And then state your problem and what you expect to have done about it. Be polite! Shouting or acting rude will get you nowhere. But also be firm in making your complaint. Besides, act important. This doesn‟t mean to put on airs and say “do you know who I am?” What it means is that people are often treated the way they expect to be treated. If you act like someone who expects a fair request to be granted, chances are it will be granted. The worst way to complain is over the telephone. You are speaking to a voice coming from someone you cannot see. So you can‟t tell how the person on the line is reacting. It is easy for that person to give you the run-around. Complaining in person or by letter is generally more effective. If your complaint doesn‟t require an immediate response, it often helps to complain by letter. If you have an appliance that doesn‟t work, send a letter to the store that sol d it. Be business-like and stick to the point. Don‟t spend a paragraph on how your uncle John tried to fix the problem and couldn‟t.Q30 What does the speaker suggest you do when you are not served properly at a restaurant?Q31 Why does the speaker say the worst way to complain is over the telephone?Q32 What should you do if you make a complaint by letter?Passage 3Barbara Sanders is a wife and the mother of two children, ages 2 and 4. Her husband, Tom, is an engineer and makes an excellent salary. Before Barbara had children, she worked as an architect for the government, designing government housing. She quit her job when she became pregnant, but is now interested in returning to work. She's been offered an excellent job with the government. Her husband feels it's unnecessary for her to work since the family does not need the added income. He also thinks that a woman should stay home with her children. If Barbara feels the need to do socially important work, he thinks that she should do volunteer work one or two days a week. Barbara, on the other hand, has missed the excitement of her profession and does not feel she would be satisfied doing volunteer work. She would also like to have her own income, so she does not have to ask her husband for money whenever she wants to buy something. She does not think it's necessary to stay home every day with the children and she knows a very reliable babysitter who's willing to come to her house. Tom does not think a babysitter can replace a mother and thinks it's a bad idea for the children to spend so much time with someone who's not part of the family.Q33 What was Barbara's profession before she had children?Q34 What does Barbara's husband suggest she do if she wants to work?Q35 What does Tom think about hiring a babysitter?Section CAlmost every child, on the first day he sets foot in the school building, is smarter, more curious，less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and figuring things out, more confident, resourceful, persistent and independent, than he will either be again in his schooling or, unless he is very unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his life.Already, by paying close attention to and interacting with the world and people around him, and without any school-type formal instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and abstract than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years-he has solved the mystery of language. He has discovered it. Babies don't even know that language exists.And he has found out how it works and learnt to use it appropriately. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it until it does work.And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.Answers短对话11. C He can not get access to the assigned book.12. A She will drive the man to the supermarket.13. C Tidy up the place.14. A The talks can be held any day except Friday.15. A He understands the woman's feelings.16. D She has to invite David to the party.17. C Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.18. D Assemble the computer.长对话19. B It requires him to work long hours.20. D It demands physical endurance and patience.21. D In a hotel.22. B Paying attention to every detail.23. A The pocket money British children get.24. C It often rises higher than inflation.25. B Pay for small personal things.段子题26. A District managers.27. D The important part played by district managers.28. B Fifty percent of them were female.29. B He was not gender sensitive.30. C Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.31. D You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.32. D Stick to the point.33. B Architect.34. A Do some volunteer work.35. A Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.听写36. Curious37. Figuring38. Independent39. Interacting40. Formal41. Abstract42. Mystery43. he has found out how it works and learnt to use it appropriately.44. by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it45. including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him,详细解析11. C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.由对话可知，该男士认为令他烦恼的是无论是在图书馆还是在书店他都找不到那本书，由此得出答案。
Section A 短对话（11~18） 11 W: This is one of our best and least expensive two-bedroom listings. It’s located in a quiet building and it’s close to bus lines. M: That maybe true. But look at it, it’s awful, the paint has peeled off and carpet is worn and the stove is ancient. Q: What can we infer from the conversation? 12 M: The pictures we took at the botanical garden should be ready tomorrow. W: I can’t wait to see them, I’m wondering if the shots I took are as good as I thought. Q: What is the woman eager to know? 13 W: The handle of the suitcase is broken. Can you have it fixed by next Tuesday? M: Let me see, I need to find a handle that matches but that shouldn’t take too long. Q: What does the man mean? 14 M: This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. For us it’ll have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures. W: We have several models that are especially adaptive for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them? Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation? 15 M: I think your boss would be very upset when he gets your letter of resignation. W: That may be so. But in the letter, I just told him frankly I could no longer live with his poor management and stupid decisions. Q: What do we learn about the woman? 16 W I’d like to exchange the shirt. I’ve learned that the person bought it for allergic to wool. M Maybe we can find something in cotton or silk. Please come this way. Q；What does the women want to do？ 17 M: Excuse me, Miss？Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag?You know, it’s a birthday gift for my wife. W: Let me see. Oh, we’ve got quite a lot of women’s bags here. Can you give me more detailed information, such as the color, the size and the trademark? Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 18 M What are you going to do with the old house you are in heritage from your grandfather? W I once intended to sell it, but now, I’m thinking of turning it into a guest house, because it's still a solid structure. Q: What does the man plan to do with his old house? 长对话（19~25） W: When you write a novel, do you know where you’re going, Dr. James? M: Yes, you must, really, if you’re writing the classical detective story, because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesn’t mean to say that I always get it right, but I do plan before I begin writing. But what is so fascinating is how a book changes during the process of writing. It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation, really, rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense. W: When you’re planning the basic structure, do you like to go away to be sure that you’re by yourself? M: I need to be by myself certainly, absolutely. I can’t even bare anybody else in the house. I don’t mind much where I am as long as I’ve got enough space to write, but I need to be completely alone. W: Is that very important to you? M: Oh, yes. I’ve never been lonely in all my life. W: How extraordinary! Never? M: No, never. W: You’re very lucky. Someone once said that there’s a bit of ice at the heart of every writer. M: Yes. I think this is true. The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening. There is this ‘detachment’ and I realize that there are obviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone. But very often, a writer can appear to stand aside, and this detachment makes people feel there’s a bit of ice in the heart. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according tothe man? 20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book? 21. What does the man say about writers? W: There is an element there about competition then, isn’t there? Because British railways are a nationalized industry. There’s only one railway system in the country. If you don’t like a particular kind of big beans, you can go and buy another. But if you don't like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another. M: Some people who write to me say this. They say that if you didn’t have monopoly, you wouldn’t be able to do the things you do. Well, I don’t think we do anything deliberately to upset our customers. We have particular problems. Since 1946, when the Transport Act came in, we were nationalized. W: Do you think that’s a good thing? Has it been a good thing for the railways, do you think, to be nationalized? M: Oh I think so, yes. Because in general, modes of transport are all around. Let’s face the fact. The car arrived. The car is here to stay. There is no question about that. W: So what are you saying then? Is it if the railways happen being nationalized, they would simply have disappeared? M: Oh, I think they would have. They’re disappearing fast in America. Er, the French railways lose 1 billion ponds a year. The German railways, 2 billion ponds a year. But you see, those governments are preparing to pour money into the transport system to keep it going. W: So in a sense, you cope between two extremes. On the one hand, you’re trying not to lose too much money. And on the other hand, you’ve got to provide the best service. M: Yes, you are right. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. What does the woman say about British railways? 23. What do some people who write to the man complain about? 24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways? 25. What does the man say about railways in other countries? Section B Passage One Among global warming’s most frightening threats is the prediction is that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded. Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-sizemass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is. Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published last week in Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and California Institute of Technology who drew deep holes near the edge of ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice. As Herman Engleheart, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, ‘the West Antarctic ice sheet disappear once and can disappear again.’ 26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage? 27. What did scientists disagree on? 28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet? 29. What the scientists’ latest findings suggest? Passage Two It's always fun to write about research that you can actually try out for yourself. Try this: Take a photo and upload it to Facebook, then after a day or so, note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it. Come back a month later and see if the link works. Chances are: It will. Facebook isn't alone here. Researchers at Cambridge University have found that nearly half of the social networking sites don't immediately delete pictures when a user requests they be removed. In general, photo-centric websites like Flickr were found to be better at quickly removing deleted photos upon request. Why do "deleted" photos stick around so long? The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites: While your personal computer only keeps one copy of a file, large-scale services like Facebook rely on what are called content delivery networks to manage data and distribution. It's a complex system wherein data is copied to multiple intermediate devices, usually to speed up access to files when millions of people are trying toaccess the service at the same time. But because changes aren't reflected across the content delivery networks immediately, ghost copies of files tend to linger for days or weeks. In the case of Facebook, the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused, which is usually "after a short period of time", though obviously that time can vary considerably. 30. What does the speaker ask us to try out? 31. What accounts for the failure of some websites to remove photos immediately? 32. When will the unwanted data eventually disappear from Facebook according to the company? Passage Three Enjoying an iced coffee? Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards, with a cancer charity warning that some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks, Caffe Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer. The worst offender - a coffee from Starbucks -- had 561 calories. Other iced coffees contained more than 450 calories and the majority had an excess of 200. Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2,000 calories a day and a man about 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight. Dieters aim for 1,000 to 1,500 calories a day. "The fact that there is an iced coffee on the market with over a quarter of a woman's daily calories allowance is alarming," Dr Rachel Thompson, science programme manager at London-based WCRF, said in a widely-reported statement. "This is the amount of calories you might expect to have in an evening meal, not in a drink." The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented if people lost their excess weight with growing evidence that excess body fat increases the risk of various cancers. "If you are having these types of coffee regularly then they will increase the chances of you becoming overweight, which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer, as well as other diseases such as heart disease." she added. 33. What warning did some health experts give? 34. What does the author suggest people do after they have an icedcoffee? 35. What could British people expect if they maintain a normal body weight according to the WCRF? Section C Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in rounds as diverse as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs, and coping with tragic illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope, is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.‘Hope has proven a powerful predictor of outcome in every study we've done so far,’ said Doctor Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist, who has devised a scale to assess how much hope a person has. For example, in research with 3920 college students, Doctor Snyder and his colleagues found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more accurate predictor of their college grades, than were their SAT scores or their grade point averages in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance. ‘Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,’ Doctor Snyder said.‘When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.’ In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Doctor Snyder went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right. ‘That notion is not concrete enough and it blurs two key components of hope,’ Doctor Snyder said, ‘Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.’。
Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；3.我认为…Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of ChinesePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.Obama's success isn't all good news for black AmericansAs Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. "In that one second, it was a validation for my whole race," she recalls."I've always been an achiever," says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. "But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now it's like a barrier has been let down."White's experience is what many psychologists had expected - that Obama would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on white Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments. "The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated," says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. "He's very intelligent and eloquent."Sting in the tailAshby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obama's candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the "Obama effect" is changing people's views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news: there is a sting in the tail of the Obama effect.But first the good news. Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White House. Indeed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful, as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt University and his colleagues discovered.They tested four separate groups at four key stages of Obama's presidential campaign. Each group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education, and the testassessed their language skills. At two of these stages, when Obama's success was less than certain, the tests showed a clear difference between the scores of the white and black participants—an average of 12.1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example. When the Obama fever was at its height, however, the black participants performed much better. Those who had watched Obama's acceptance speech as the Democrats' presidential candidate performed just as well, on average, as the white subjects.After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants.Dramatic shiftWhat can explain this dramatic shift? At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This should have primed the subjects with "stereotype threat" – an anxiety that their results will confirm negative stereotypes, which has been shown to damage the performance of African Americans.Obama's successes seemed to act as a shield against this. "We suspect they felt inspired and energised by his victory, so the stereotype threat wouldn't prove a distraction," says Friedman.Lingering racismIf the Obama effect is positive for African Americans, how is it affecting their white compatriots (同胞)? Is the experience of having a charismatic (有魅力的) black president modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no easy way to measure racism directly; instead psychologists assess what is known as "implicit bias", using a computer-based test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negative words—such as "love" or "evil"—with photos of black or white faces. A similar test can also measure how quickly subjects associate stereotypical traits—such as athletic skills or mental ability—with a particular group.In a study that will appear in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Plant's team tested 229 students during the height of the Obama fever. They found that implicit bias has fallen by as much as 90% compared with the level found in a similar study in 2006. "That's an unusually large drop," Plant says.While the team can't be sure their results are due solely to Obama, they also showed that those with the lowest bias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin colour with political words such as "government" or "president". This suggests that Obama was strongly on their mind, says Plant.Drop in biasBrian Nosek of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, who runs a website that measures implicit bias using similar test, has also observed a small drop in bias in the 700,000 visitors to the site since January 2007, which might be explained by Obama's rise to popularity. However, his preliminary results suggest that change will be much slower coming than Plant's results suggest.Talking honestly"People now have the opportunity of expressing support for Obama every day," says Daniel Effron at Stanford University in California. "Our research arouses the concern that people may now be more likely to raise negative views of African Americans." On the other hand, he says, it may just encourage people to talk more honestly about their feelings regarding race issues, which may not be such a bad thing.Another part of the study suggests far more is at stake than the mere expression of views.The Obama effect may have a negative side. Just one week after Obama was elected president, participants were less ready to support policies designed to address racial inequality than they had been two weeks before the election. Huge obstacles It could, of course, also be that Obama's success helps people to forget that a disproportionate number of black Americans still live in poverty and face huge obstacles when trying to overcome these circumstances. "Barack Obama's family is such a salient (出色的) image, we generalise it and fail to see the larger picture—that there's injustice in every aspect of American life," says Cheryl Kaiser of the University of Washington in Seattle. Those trying to address issues of racial inequality need to constantly remind people of the inequalities that still exist to counteract the Obama's effect, she says.Though Plant's findings were more positive, she too warns against thinking that racism and racial inequalities are no longer a problem. "The last thing I want is for people to think everything's solved."These findings do not only apply to Obama, or even just to race. They should hold for any role model in any country. "There's no reason we wouldn't have seen the same effect on our views of women if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected," says Effron. So the election of a female leader might have a downside for other women.Beyond raceWe also don't yet know how long the Obama effect—both its good side and its bad—will last.Political sentiment is notoriously changeable: What if things begin to go wrong for Obama, and his popularity slumps?And what if Americans become so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stop considering his race altogether? "Over time he might become his own entity," says Plant. This might seem like the ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select individuals—a phenomenon that psychologists call subtyping—also has an insidious (隐伏的) side. "We think it happens to help people preserve their beliefs, so they can still hold on to the previous stereotypes." That could turn out to be the cruellest of all the twists to the Obama effect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2010年六月六级听力真题及答案(附原文).doc11:I left 20 pages here to copy ,here’s the receipt: I’ m sorry ,sir ,but we are a little behind ,could you come back in a few minutes ?what does the woman mean ?I hope you are not to put out with me f or the delay ,I had to stop for the Fred’s home to pick up on my way here: well , that’s not a big deal ,but you might at least phone if you know you will keep someone what do we learn about the women ?: Mark is the best candidate for chairman of the student’s union , isn’t he ?:well ,that guy won’t be able to win the election unless he got the majority vote from women s ,and I am not sure about it ?what does the man mean ?: sorry to have kept you waiting ,Madam , I’ve located your luggage, it was left behind in Paris n’t arrive until later this evening: oh ,I can’t believe this ,have it been to delivered to my hotel then ,I guesswhat happened to the woman’s luggage ?W：I do n’t think we have enough information for our presentation. But we have to give it ow. That doesn’t seem to be much we can do about it.Yeah, at this point, we’ll have to make do with what we’ve got.what does the man suggest they do?I’m taking this great course psychology of language. It’s really interesting. Since you’re ogy major, you should sign up for it.Actually, I tried to do that. But they told me I have to take language studies first.What do we learn from the conversation?Can you believe the way Larry was talking to his roommate? No wonder they don’t get along.Well, maybe Larry was just reacting to something his roommate said. There are two sides to ory you know.What does the man imply about Larry and his roommate?M: We don’t have the resources to stop those people from buying us out. Unless a miracle s, this may be the end of us.I still have hope we can get help from the bank. After all, we don’t need that m uch money. What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?对话原文nversation Oneestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.You know I've often wondered why people laugh at the picture of a big belly businessman g on a banana skin and falling on his bottom. We are to feel sorry for them.Actually, Laura, I think we laugh because we are glad it didn't happen to us. But of course thereW：Your name Sanjay Kumar is that correct?：Yes, madam.：You claim you are traveling on a scholarship from Delhi University.：That's right.：Now it seems that a hand gun was found in your luggage. Do you admit that?：Yes, but…：According to the statement you made, you had never seen the hand gun before it was found in g. Do you still maintain that?：But it's true. I swear it.：Mmm, you do realize Mr. Kumar that to bring a hand gun into Hong Kong without proper zation is a serious offense.：But I didn't bring it. I … I me an I didn't know anything about it. It wasn't there when I left My bags were searched. It was part of the airport security check.：Maybe so, but someone managed to get that hand gun onto the aircraft or it couldn't have been：Someone but not me.：Tell me , where was your personal bag during the flight?：I had it down by my feet between me and the man in the next seat.He was the only person who could have opened my bag while I was asleep. It must have beenI see. Have you any idea who this man was?He told me his name, Alfred Foster. He was very friendly, after I woke up that is. He hadn'tbefore.Alfred Foster, we can check that on the passenger list.He said he had a car coming to meet him. He offered me a lift.Oh, Why should he do that?So he can get his handgun back, that's why. Please find him, Madam.estions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heardWhat is Sanjay Kumar suspected of?What do we know about Alfred Foster ?What does Sanjay Kumar ask the woman to do finally?力理解短文原文ction Bssage Oneeryone is looking for a good investment these days. And with stocks, currencies and companies hing, some are finding that taking the trip of a lifetime is actually a smart move right now. Prices od, crowds are fewer and the dividends like expanded worldview, lifelong memories, the tion of boosting the global economy—can't be easily snatched away. Sylvia and Paul Custerson, a couple from Cambridge, England, recently took a 16-day vacation to Namibia, where they went -watching excursions. Later this year, they are planning a trip to Patagonia. "We're using our now," says Sylvia, "And why not? We're not getting any interest in the bank. If it's a place we want to go, then we will go. We may as well travel while we're fit and healthy. "me travel agents are thriving in spite of the economy. "We've had more people booking in the arter of this year than last," says Hubert Moineau, founder of Tselana Travel, which is planningduce a new program of longer adventure trips, including polar expeditions and cruises in the gos. "We're hearing things like, 'We don't know what the situation will be in six months so let's ow' ", Ashley Toft, managing director of the U. K. tour operator Explore has been surprised to ncrease in last-minute bookings of high-priced trips to such places as India, Bhutan and Nepal. ms people would rather give up something else than the big trip," he says. Travel has become a y. It's just how we travel that is changing.estions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.According to the speaker, why are some people willing to spend their money on travel these days? What is Tselana Travel planning to do, according to its founder?According to Ashley Toft, managing director of Explore, what is changing now with regard tossage Twomehow the old male and female stereotypes no longer fit. Men and women in this country been fulfilling their traditional roles for some time now. And there seem to be fewer and fewer ces between the sexes. For instance, even though more women than men are still homemakers paying jobs, women have been taking over more responsibility in the business world, earning salaries than ever before and entering fields of work that used to be exclusively male areas. At meetings and in group discussions, they might speak up more often, express strong opinions and p with more creative and practical ideas than their male colleagues. Several days ago, my -old daughter came to me with some important news. Not only had she found the highest paying er career, but she’d also accepted a date with the most charming men she’d ever met. eally?”, I responded,” tell me about them.”eceptionist in an attorney’s office and a welder at a construction site.” She answered in a of-fact way. The interesting thing is my daughter’s date is the receptionist and my daughter is the The old stereotypes of men’s and women’s work have been changing more quickly than ever except perhaps in my own marriage.Who's going to mow the lawn? ” I asked my husband this morning.h, I will,” he answered politely. ”That's men's work. ”What?” Irritated, I raised my voice. “That's a ridiculous stereotype. I'll show you who can do the on the lawn.”e work took 3 hours and I did it all myself.estions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.What is the speaker mainly talking about?What might women do at office meetings nowadays according to the speaker?Why did the speaker mow the lawn herself that morning?ssage Threeorence Hayes is a journalist for the Green Ville Journal, the daily newspaper in town. Specifically ers crime in the Green Ville area. This responsibility takes her to many different places every —the police station, the court and the hospital. Most of the crimes that she writes about fall into ups: violent crimes and crimes against property. There isn’t much violent crime in a small town een Ville, or at least not as much as in the large urban areas. But assaults often occur on Friday urday nights, near the bars downtown. There’re also one or two rapes on campus every semester.e is very interested in this type of crime and tries to write a long article about each one. She that this will make women more careful when they walk around Green Ville alone at nightrtunately, there were usually no murders in Green Ville. Crimes against property make up most Heyes’ reporting. They range from mino r cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more offenses, such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies but Florence has to all of these violations from the thief who took typewriters from every unlock room in the ory to the thief who stole one million dollars worth of art work from the university museum. Miss njoys working for a newspaper but she sometimes gets unhappy about all the crime she has to She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as ws or politics, maybe next yearorence Hayeseen Villeestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.What is Florence Hayes’ main responsibility as a journalist?What does the speaker say about security in Green Ville?What do we learn about crimes against property in the Green Ville area?What would Florence Hayes prefer to do?合式听写原文ction C Compound DictationAmerica, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether it’s picking one of ne ice cream flavors, or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us confused, unhappy, even ed with indecision. ‘That’s particularly true when it comes to the work place’, says Barry tz, an author of six books about human behavior. Students are graduating with a variety of skillserests, but often find themselves overwhelmed when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal. dy, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their senior year. Based wers to questions regarding their job hunting strategies and career decisions, he divided the s into two groups：maximizers, who consider every possible option, and satisficers, who look until d an option that is good enough. You might expect that the student who had undertaken the most ed search would be the most satisfied with the ir final decision, but it turns out that’s not true. tz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisficers on average, ren’t as happy with their decision. The reason why these people feel less satisfied is that a wor ld bilities may also be a world of missed opportunities. When you look at every possible option, you focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, a person acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career11 C) She has not got the man’s copies for her12 B) She was late for the appointment13 C) It won’t be easy for Mark to win the election14 A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time15 A) Just make use of whatever information is available16 D) The woman isn’t qualified to take the course the manmentioned17 A) They are both to blame18 A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance19 C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from theirmisfortune20 C) They don’t know how to cope with the situation21 A) They themselves would like to do it but don’t dare to22 C) To relieve her feelings23 D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong24 D) He is suspected of having slipped some thing in Kunmar’sbag25 B) Find Alfred Foster26 B) They think travel gives them their money’s worth27 D) Launch a new program of adventure trips28 B) The way people travel29 B) The changing roles played by men and women30 A) Offer more creative and practical ideas than men31 C) To show that women are capable of doing what men do32 B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville33 D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities34 A) There are a wide range of cases35 A) Write about something pleasantIn America, people are faced with more and more decisions everyday, whether it’s picking one of thirty-one ice cream(36)flavors, or deciding whether and when to get married.That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown,too many choices can make us (37)confused, unhappy, evenparalyzed with indecision. ‘That’s (38)particularly truewhen it comes to the work place’, saysBarry Schwartz, an author ofsix books about human (39)behavior. Students are graduatingwith a (40)variety of skills and interests, but often findthemselves (41)overwhelmed when it comes to choosing anultimate career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-makingamong college students during their (42)senior year. Basedon answers to questions regarding their job hunting(43)strategies and career decisions, he divided the studentsinto two groups：maximizers, who consider every possible option, andsatisficers, who look until they find an option that is goodenough. You might expect that the student (44)who had undertakenthe most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with theirfinal decision, but it turns out that’s not true. Schwartzfound that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs thansatisficers on average, they weren’t as happy with their decision.The reason (45)why these people feel less satisfied is that aworld of possibilities may also be a world of missedopportunities. When you look at every possible option, you tendto focus more on what was given up than what was gained. Aftersurveying every option, (46)a person is more acutely aware ofthe opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just onecareer。
大学英语六级听力原文---短文篇(2010-2006)宋结焱编著2011年5月目录2010年12月CET-6听力短文原文 (1)2010年06月CET-6听力短文原文 (2)2009年12月CET-6听力短文原文 (3)2009年06月CET-6听力短文原文 (4)2008年12月CET-6听力短文原文 (5)2008年06月CET-6听力短文原文 (6)2007年12月CET-6听力短文原文 (7)2007年06月CET-6听力短文原文 (8)2006年12月CET-6听力短文原文 (9)真题（10-12-B1）Among global warming’s most frightening threats is the prediction is that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded. Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is. Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published last week in Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and California Institute of Technology who drew deep holes near the edge of ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice. As Herman Engleheart, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, ‘the West Antarctic ice sheet disappear once and can disappear again.’26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?27. What did scientists disagree on?28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?29. What the scientists’ latest findings suggest?真题（10-12-B2）It's always fun to write about research that you can actually try out for yourself. Try this: Take a photo and upload it to Facebook, then after a day or so, note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it. Come back a month later and see if the link works. Chances are: It will. Facebook isn't alone here. Researchers at Cambridge University have found that nearly half of the social networking sites don't immediately delete pictures when a user requests they be removed. In general, photo-centric websites like Flickr were found to be better at quickly removing deleted photos upon request. Why do "deleted" photos stick around so long? The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites: While your personal computer only keeps one copy of a file, large-scale services like Facebook rely on what are called content delivery networks to manage data and distribution. It's a complex system wherein data is copied to multiple intermediate devices, usually to speed up access to files when millions of people are trying to access the service at the same time. But because changes aren't reflected across the content delivery networks immediately, ghost copies of files tend to linger for days or weeks. In the case of Facebook, the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused, which is usually "after a short period of time", though obviously that time can vary considerably.30. What does the speaker ask us to try out?31. What accounts for the failure of some websites to remove photos immediately?32. When will the unwanted data eventually disappear from Facebook according to the company?真题（10-12-B3）Enjoying an iced coffee? Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards, with a cancer charity warning that some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks, Caffe Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer. The worst offender - a coffee from Starbucks -- had 561 calories. Other iced coffees contained more than 450 calories and the majority had an excess of 200. Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2,000 calories a day and a man about 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight. Dieters aim for 1,000 to 1,500 calories a day. "The fact that there is an iced coffee on the market with over a quarter of a woman's daily calories allowance is alarming," Dr Rachel Thompson, science programme manager at London-based WCRF, said in a widely-reported statement. "This is the amount of calories you might expect to have in an evening meal, not in a drink." The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented if people lost their excess weight with growing evidence that excess body fat increases the risk of various cancers. "If you are having these types of coffee regularly then they will increase the chances of you becoming overweight, which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer, as well as other diseases such as heart disease." she added.33. What warning did some health experts give?34. What does the author suggest people do after they have an iced coffee?35. What could British people expect if they maintain a normal body weight according to the WCRF?The time is 9 o'clock and this is Marian Snow with the news. The German authorities are sending investigators to discover the cause of the plane crash late yesterday on the island of Tenerife. The plane, a Boeing 737, taking German holiday makers to the island crashed into a hillside as it circled while preparing to land. The plane was carrying 180 passengers. It's thought there are no survivors. Rescue workers were at the scene. The British industrialist James Louis, held by kidnappers in Central Africa for the past 8 months, was released unharmed yesterday. The kidnappers had been demanding 1 million pounds for the release of Mr. Louis. The London Bank and their agents who had been negotiating with the kidnappers have not said whether any amount of money has been paid. The 500 UK motors workers who had been on strike in High Town for the past 3 three weeks went back to work this morning. This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hours and conditions. A spokesman for the management said that they'd hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost lot of money and orders over this dispute. And finally the weather. After a cold start, most of the country should be warm and sunny. But towards late afternoon, rain will spread from Scotland to cover most parts by midnight.26. What does the news say about the Boeing 737 plane?27. What happened to British industrialist James Louis?28. How did the 3-week strike in High Town end?29. What kind of weather will be expected by midnight in most parts of the country?真题（10-06-B2）Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology. Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, “How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?” Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811. If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates' attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes and carefully avoid technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming photo line, so his classmates wouldn't get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. “Stop me,” he said, “any time I say something you don't understand.” Juan's roommate stopped him four times. And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience.30. What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?31. How did Juan Louis start his speech?32. What did Juan ask his roommate to do when he was making his trial speech?真题（10-06-B3）Esperanto is an artificial language, designed to serve internationally as an auxiliary means of communication among speakers of different languages. It was created by Ludwig Lazar Zamenhof, a Polish Jewish doctor specialized in eye diseases. Esperanto was first presented in 1887. An international movement was launched to promote its use. Despite arguments and disagreements, the movement has continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries. Esperanto is used internationally across language boundaries by at least 1 million people, particularly in specialized fields. It is used in personal context, on radio broadcasts and in a number of publications as well as in translations of both modern works and classics. Its popularity has spread form Europe, both east and west, to such countries as Brazil and Japan. It is, however, in China that Esperanto has had its greatest impact. It is taught in universities and used in many translations, often in scientific or technological works. EL POPOLA CHINIO, which means from people's China, it's a monthly magazine in Esperanto and it is read worldwide. Radio Beijing's Esperanto program is the most popular program in Esperanto in the world. Esperanto's vocabulary is drawn primarily from Latin, the Roman's languages, English and German. Spelling is completely regular. A simple and consistent set of endings indicates grammatical functions of words. Thus, for example, every noun ends in“o”, every adjective in“a”, and basic form of every verb in“i”. Esperanto also has a highly productive system of constructing new words from old ones.33. What does the speaker tell us about Esperanto?34. What is said about the international movement to promote the use of Esperanto?35. What does the speaker say about Esperanto in China?Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker. After graduating from college with degrees in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana. As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters. She found many families were being exposed high, sometimes deadly, levels of chemicals and other toxic substances, but she was not allowed to make her information public. Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own company, and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests, interpret test results, and organize for change. Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the country have been cleaned up, and one chemical industry spokesperson calls her “a top gun for the environmental movement.” How has Wilma Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training. Partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. “Public speaking,” she says, “is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people.” If you had asked Subra before 1981, “Do you see yourself as a major public speaker?” She would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than 100 presentations a year. Along the way she has lectured at Harvard, testified before Congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan.26. What did Wilma Subra do as part of her job while working at Gulf South Research Institute?27. What did Wilma Subra leave her job in 1981?28. What results have Wilma Subra’s efforts had in the part two decades?29. What does the speaker say has contributed to Wilma Subra’s success?真题（09-12-B2）One of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today is the rapid advance of globalization. The market place is no longer national or regional, but extends to all corners of the world. And this requires a global ready workforce. Universities have a large part to play in preparing students for the 21st century labor market by promoting international educational experiences. The most obvious way universities can help develop global workforce is by encouraging students to study abroad as part of their course. Students who have experienced another culture first hand are more likely to be global ready when they graduate.Global workforce development doesn’t always have to involve travel abroad however. If students learn another language and study other cultures, they will be more global ready when they graduate. It is important to point out that students also need to have a deep understanding of their own culture before they can begin to observe, analyze and evaluate other cultures. In multi-cultural societies, people can study each other’s cultures, to develop intercultural competencies, such as critical and reflective thinking, and intellectual flexibility. This can be done both through the curriculum and through activities on campus, outside of the classroom, such as art exhibitions, and lectures from international experts. Many universities are already embracing this challenge, and providing opportunities for students to become global citizens. Students themselves, however, may not realize that when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market, and universities need to raise awareness of these issues amongst undergraduates.30. What is one of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today?31. What should students do first before they can really understand other cultures?32. What should college students realize according to the speaker?真题（09-12-B3）To see if hair color affects a person’s chances of getting a job, researchers at California State University asked 136 college students to review the resume and photograph of a female applicant for a job as an accountant. Each student was given the same resume. But the applicant’s picture was altered, so that in some photos her hair was golden, in some red and in some brown. The result? With brown hair, the woman was rated more capable, and she was offered a higher salary than when she had golden or red hair. Other studies have found similar results. Many respondents rate women with golden hair with less intelligent than other people, and red heads as more temperamental. Women with red or golden hair are victims of the common practice of stereotyping. A stereotype is a simplistic or exaggerated image that humans carrying in their minds about groups of people. For example, lawyers are shrewd and dishonest is a popular stereotype. Stereotyping can occur in public speaking classes. When trying to choose a speech topic, some males think that women are uninterested in how to repair cars, while some females think that men are uninterested in creative hobbies, such as knitting and needle point. We should reject stereotypes, because they force all people in a group into the same simple pattern. They fail to account for individual differences, and the wide range of characteristics among members of any group. Some lawyers are dishonest, yes! But many are not. Some women are uninterested in repairing cars, yes! But some are enthusiastic mechanics.33. What did researchers at California State University find?34. What is the popular stereotype of lawyers?35. Why does the speaker say we should reject stereotypes?Getting behind the wheel of a car can be an exciting new step in a teen’s life. But along with that excitement comes a new responsibility---understanding the need for common sense and maturity to avoid accidents. In an effort to spread awareness to teens across the nation, the Allstate Foundation sponsored a Keep-The-Drive Summit at Sunset Station on January 23rd. Students from Kennedy and Alamo Heights High schools participated in the summit which was held here for the first time. The goal of the year-long effort is to educate teens on the rules of safe driving and the severe consequences that can result if those rules are not followed, and then have them communicate that information to their peers. The students watched videos that told them about the numbers of teenage driving injuries and deaths. They listen to the videos as students from other cities share their stories of how their reckless driving affected not only their lives but also those of their passengers. “We are trying to create awareness in high schools across the countries,” said Westerman, an Allstate representative, “we focus on changing how teens think behind the wheel.” According to the presentation, more teens die in automobile crashes in the United States each year than from drugs, violence, smoking and suicide. An average of 16 teens die every day in motor vehicle crashes and nearly forty percent of those are caused by speeding. Texas is the state with the most teen driving deaths according to the presentation. Students agreed that the statistics were amazing and made them think twice about how they drive.26. For what purpose did the Allstate Foundation sponsor the Keep-The-Drive Summit?27. What causes the greatest number of deaths among American teens according to the presentation?28. What can we conclude about the Keep-The-Drive Summit?真题（09-06-B2）Dr. Allen Hersh designs smells for businesses. He says that it doesn’t take a whole lot of smell to affect you. Store owners can lure you to the candy aisle, even if you don’t realize your are smelling candy. This idea scares a lot of people. Groups that protect the rights of shoppers are upset. They say the stores are using a kind of brainwashing which they call “smell-washing”. “It’s pretty dishonest,” says Mark Silbergeld. He runs an organization that checks out products for consumers. The scientists hired to design the scents disagree. “There’s soft background music. There’s special lighting. There’re all sorts of bells being used,” says Dr. Hersh, “why not smells?” “One reason why not,” says Silbergeld, “is that some people are allergic to certain scents pumped into products or stores.” But there is a whole other side to this debate, “do the smells really work?” So far, there is little proof one way or the other. But Dr. Hersh has run some interesting experiments. In one of Hersh’s experiments, 31 volunteers were led into a shoe store that smells slightly like flowers. Later, another group shopped in the same store, but with no flower odor. Dr. Hersh found that 84% of the shoppers were more likely to buy the shoes in the flower-scented room, but Hersh found out something even stranger. “Whether the volunteers like the flower scent or not didn’t matter,” Hersh says, “Some reported that they hated the smell, but they still were more likely to buy the shoes in the scented room.”29. Why are some people against the use of smells to attract customers?30. What is Dr. Hersh’s attitude to the use of smells for business?31. What did Hersh’s experiment show?真题（09-06-B3）This is Ray McCarthy with the news. Reports are coming in of a major train crash in Japan. A passenger train carrying hundreds of workers home from the center of Tokyo is reported to have hit an oncoming goods train. Both were traveling at high speed. Figures are not yet available but it is believed that the death toll could be as high as 300, with hundreds more injured. Emergency and rescue services rushed to the scene. But our reporter says it will take days to clear the track and to establish the numbers of the dead and injured. There was a similar accident on the same stretch of track four years ago. There was another bomb scare in a large London store last night during late night shopping. Following a telephone call to the police from an anonymous caller, hundreds of shoppers were shepherded out of the store while roads in the area were sealed off. Police dogs spent hours searching the store for a bag which the caller claimed contained 50 pounds of explosives. Nothing was found and the store was given the all-clear by opening time this morning. A police spokesman said that this was the third bomb scare within a week and that we should all be on our guard. And finally, the motoring organizations have issued a warning to drivers following the recent falls of snow in many parts of the country. Although the falls may be slight, they say extra care is needed.32: What accident happened recently in Japan?33: What do the reports say about the recent accident in Japan?34: Why did people have to leave the London store last night?35: What did motoring organizations advise drivers to do?2008年12月CET-6听力短文原文真题（08-12-B1）To find out what the weather is going to be, most people go straight to the radio, television, or newspaper to get an expert weather forecast. But if you know what to look for, you can use your own senses to make weather predictions. There are many signs that can help you. For example, in fair weather the air pressure is generally high, the air is still and often full of dust, and far away objects may look vague. But when the storm is brewing, the pressure drops, and you are often able to see things more clearly. Sailors took note of this long ago, and came up with the saying, “The farther the sight, the nearer the rain.” Your sense of smell can also help you detect the weather changes. Just before it rains, odors become stronger, this is because odors are repressed in a fair high pressure center. When a bad weather low moves in, air pressure lessens and odors are released. You can also hear an approaching storm. Sounds bounce off heavy storm clouds and return to earth with increased force. An old saying describes it this way, “Sounds traveling far and wide a stormy day will be tied”. And don’t laugh at your grandmother if she says she can feel a storm coming. It is commonly known that many people feel pains in their bones or joints while the humidity rises, the pressure drops, and bad weather is on the way.26. Why does the speaker say we can see far away objects more clearly as a storm is approaching?27. What does the speaker want to show by quoting a couple of old sayings?28. What does the passage mainly talk about?真题（08-12-B2）Many days seem to bring numerous tasks and responsibilities. All of which apparently must be tackled right away. You spend a day putting out files, but by the end of the day, you haven’t accomplished any of the really important things you set out to do. In desperation, you draft a “to-do” list, but most days, you can make little progress with it. When you look at the list each morning, a big fat cloud of doom is right at the top. Those difficult, complex, important tasks, that are so crucial to get done, and so easy to avoid. Plenty of us create a “to-do” list to address feelings of being overwhelmed, but we rarely use these tools to their best effect. They wind out being guilt-provoking reminders of the fact that will over-committed and losing control of our priorities. According to Timothy Pikle, a professor of psychology at Carlton University in Ottawa, people often draw up a “to-do” list, and then that’s it. The list itself becomes the day’s achievement, allowing us to feel we’ve done something useful without taking on any real work. In fact, drawing up the list becomes a way of avoiding the work itself. Too often, the list is seen as the accomplishment for the day, reducing the immediate guilt of not working on the tasks at hand by investing energy in the list, says Pikle. When a list is used like this, it’s simply another way in which we lie to ourselves.29. What is the problem that troubles many people nowadays according to the speaker?30. According to the speaker, what too many people do to cope with their daily tasks?31. According to psychologist Timothy Pikle, what do people find by the end of the day?真题（08-12-B1）In many stressful situations, the body’s responses can improve our performance. We become more energetic, more alert, better able to take effective action. But when stress is encountered continually, the body’s reactions are more likely to be harmful than helpful to us. The continual speeding up of bodily reactions and production of stress related hormones seem to make people more susceptible to heart disease. And stress reactions can reduce the disease fighting effectiveness of the body’s immune system, thereby increasing susceptibility to illnesses ranging from colds to cancer. Stress may also contribute to disease in less direct ways by influencing moods and behavior. People under stress may become anxious or depressed, and as a result may eat too much or too little, have sleep difficulties or fail to exercise. These behavioral changes may in turn be harmful to the health. In addition, people are more likely to pay attention to certain bodily sensations such as aches and pains when they are under stress and to think that they’re sick. If the person were not under stress, the same bodily sensations might not be perceived as symptoms and the person might continue to feel well. Some researchers have suggested that assuming the role of a sick person is one way in which certain people try to cope with stress. Instead of dealing with the stressful situation directly, these people fall sick. After all, it is often more acceptably in our society to be sick and to seek medical help than it is to admit that one can not cope with the stresses of life.32. What does the speaker say about people who encounter stress once in a while?33. What does the speaker say frequent stress reactions may lead to?34. What are people more likely to do when they are under stress?35. What does the passage mainly talk about?2008年06月CET-6听力短文原文真题（08-06-B1）Water scooters are water vehicles that look very much like motorcycles. Nowadays, speedy, colorful water scooters are gaining in popularity. They can travel anywhere a small boat can and particularly popular with young people. The rising popularity of the craft has raised the question of water scooter regulation. In this case, the argument for strict regulation is compelling. Water scooters are a particularly deadly form of water recreation. For example, two women were vacationing in Longboat Key while they were floating on the rubber boat along the shore, a water scooter crashed into them and kill them. Also water scooter operators have been killed or seriously injured in collisions with other water craft. Others have been stranded at the sea when their scooters either failed or sank far from shore. Many water scooter operators are inexperienced and ignorant of navigational rules, which increase the potential for accidents. The increasing popularity of the scooter has aggravated the problem, providing more water vehicles to compete for the same space. Crowded water waves are simply an open invitation to disaster. In addition to the inherent operational hazards of water scooters, they are proving to be an environmental nuisance. Beach residents complain of the noise of the scooters. The Pacific Whale Foundation on the west coast expressed concern that the scooters are frightening away an endangered species of whale that migrates to Hawaii for breeding. Regulations such as minimum operating age, restricted operating areas and compulsory classes in water safety are essential. Without such regulations, tragedies involving water scooters are sure to multiply, which makes many beaches unsafe for recreation.26. What does the speaker say about water scooters?27. What is mentioned as one of the causes of water accidents?28. In what way are water scooters said to be an environmental nuisance?29. What does the speaker propose to ensure the safety of beaches for recreation?真题（08-06-B2）It seems to me that neighbors are going out of style in America. The friend nest door from whom you borrowed for eggs or a ladder has moved and the people in there now are strangers. Some of the traditional stories of neighborliness are impractical or silly and maybe just as well that our relations with our neighbors are changing. The saying in the Bible “Love thy neighbor” was probably a poor translation of what must have originally been, “respect thy neighbor”. Love can be called up on order. Fewer than half the people in the United States live in the same house they lived in five years ago. So there is no reason to love the people who live next door to you, just because they happen to wander into a real estate office that listed the place next door to yours. The only thing neighbors have in common, to begin with, is proximity and unless something more develops that isn’t reason enough to be best friends. It sometimes happens naturally, but the chances are very small that your neighbors will be your choices friends or that you will be theirs, either. The best relationship with neighbors is one of friendly distance. You say “hello”, use small talk if you see them in the yard, you discuss problems as they arise and you help each other in an emergency. The drive way or the fence between you is not really a cold shoulder but a clear boundary. We all like clearly-defined boundaries for ourselves.30. What does the speaker say about the relations among neighbors nowadays?31. Why does speaker say it may be difficult for people to love their neighbors?32. What should neighbors do in the speaker’s opinion?真题（08-06-B3）Articles in magazines and newspapers and special reports on radio and television reflect the concern of many Americans about the increasing drop-out rate in our junior and senior high schools. Coupled with this fact is the warning that soon we will no longer have a work force to fill the many jobs that require properly educated personnel. The high student drop-out rate is not a recent development. Ten years ago, many urban schools were reporting drop-out rates between 35 and 50 percent. Some administrators maintain that drop-outs remain the single greatest problem in their schools. Consequently, much effort has been spent on identifying students with problems in order to give them more attention before they become failures. Since the drop-out problem doesn’t start in senior high school, special programs in junior high school focus on students who show promise but have a record of truancy—that is staying away from school without permission. Under the guidance of counselors, these students are placed in classes with teachers who have had success in working with similar young people. Strategies to motivate students in a high school include rewarding academic excellence by designating scholars of the month, or by issuing articles of clothing, such as school letter jackets formerly given only to athletes. No one working with these students claims to know how to keep all students in school. Counselors, teachers and administrators are in the frontlines of what seems at times to be a losing battle. Actually, this problem should be everyone’s concern since uneducated, unemployed citizens affect us all.33. Why are many Americans concerned with the increasing drop-out rate in school?34. What do we learn about the student drop-out problem in America?35. What is mentioned as one of the strategies used to motivate students?。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Obama's success isn't all good news for black AmericansAs Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. "In that one second, it was a validation for my whole race," she recalls."I've always been an achiever," says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. "But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now it's like a barrier has been let down."White's experience is what many psychologists had expected - that Obama would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on white Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments. "The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated," says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. "He's very intelligent and eloquent."Sting in the tailAshby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obama's candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the "Obama effect" is changing people's views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news: there is a sting in the tail of the Obama effect.But first the good news. Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White House. Indeed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful, as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt University and his colleagues discovered.They tested four separate groups at four key stages of Obama's presidential campaign. Each group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education, and the test assessed their language skills. At two of these stages, when Obama's success was less than certain, the tests showed a clear difference between the scores of the white and black participants—an average of 12.1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example. When the Obama fever was at its height, however, the black participants performed much better. Those who had watched Obama's acceptance speech as the Democrats' presidential candidate performed just as well, on average, as the white subjects.After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants.Dramatic shiftWhat can explain this dramatic shift? At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This should have primed the subjects with "stereotype threat" – an anxiety that their results will confirm negative stereotypes, which has been shown to damage the performance of African Americans.Obama's successes seemed to act as a shield against this. "We suspect they felt inspired and energised by his victory, so the stereotype threat wouldn't prove a distraction," says Friedman.Lingering racismIf the Obama effect is positive for African Americans, how is it affecting their white compatriots (同胞)? Is the experience of having a charismatic (有魅力的) black president modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no easy way to measure racism directly; instead psychologists assess what is known as "implicit bias", using a computer-based test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negative words—such as "love" or "evil"—with photos of black or white faces. A similar test can also measure how quickly subjects associate stereotypical traits—such as athletic skills or mental ability—with a particular group.In a study that will appear in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Plant's team tested 229 students during the height of the Obama fever. They found that implicit bias has fallen by as much as 90% compared with the level found in a similar study in 2006. "That's an unusually large drop," Plant says.While the team can't be sure their results are due solely to Obama, they also showed that those with the lowest bias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin colour with political words such as "government" or "president". This suggests that Obama was strongly on their mind, says Plant.Drop in biasBrian Nosek of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, who runs a website that measures implicit bias using similar test, has also observed a small drop in bias in the 700,000 visitors to the site since January 2007, which might be explained by Obama's rise to popularity. However, his preliminary results suggest that change will be much slower coming than Plant's results suggest.Talking honestly"People now have the opportunity of expressing support for Obama every day," says Daniel Effron at Stanford University in California. "Our research arouses the concern that people may now be more likely to raise negative views of African Americans." On the other hand, he says, it may just encourage people to talk more honestly about their feelings regarding race issues, which may not be such a bad thing.Another part of the study suggests far more is at stake than the mere expression of views. The Obama effect may have a negative side. Just one week after Obama was elected president, participants were less ready to support policies designed to address racial inequality than they had been two weeks before the election.Huge obstaclesIt could, of course, also be that Obama's success helps people to forget that a disproportionate number of black Americans still live in poverty and face huge obstacles when trying to overcome these circumstances. "Barack Obama's family is such a salient (出色的) image, we generalise it and fail to see the larger picture—that there's injustice in every aspect of American life," says Cheryl Kaiser of the University of Washington in Seattle. Those trying to address issues of racial inequality need to constantly remind people of the inequalities that still exist to counteract the Obama's effect, she says.Though Plant's findings were more positive, she too warns against thinking that racism and racial inequalities are no longer a problem. "The last thing I want is for people to thinkeverything's solved."These findings do not only apply to Obama, or even just to race. They should hold for any role model in any country. "There's no reason we wouldn't have seen the same effect on our views of women if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected," says Effron. So the election of a female leader might have a downside for other women.Beyond raceWe also don't yet know how long the Obama effect—both its good side and its bad—will last.Political sentiment is notoriously changeable: What if things begin to go wrong for Obama, and his popularity slumps?And what if Americans become so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stop considering his race altogether? "Over time he might become his own entity," says Plant. This might seem like the ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select individuals—a phenomenon that psychologists call subtyping—also has an insidious (隐伏的) side. "We think it happens to help people preserve their beliefs, so they can still hold on to the previous stereotypes." That could turn out to be the cruellest of all the twists to the Obama effect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
英语听⼒频道为⼤家整理的2010年6⽉英语六级听⼒短⽂真题，供⼤家参考:)Passage3Esperanto is an artificial language designed to serve internationally as an auxiliary means of communication among speakers of different languages.It is created by Ludwig Lejzer Zamenhof,a Polish-Jewish doctor specialized in eyediseases.Esperanto was first presented in 1887.An international movement was launched to promote its use.Despite arguments and disagreements,the movement has continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries. Esperantois used internationally across language boundaries by at least 1 million people,particularly in specialized fields. It is used in personal contacts,on radio broadcasts,and in a number of publications as well as in translations of both modern works and classics.Its popularity has spread from Europe,both east and west, to such countries as Brazil and Japan.It is,however,in China that Esperanto has had its greatest impact.It is taught in universities and used in many translations,often in scientific or technological works.El Popola Cinio,which means From People's China,is a monthly magazine in Esperanto,and is read worldwide.Radio Beijing's Esperanto program is the most popular program in Esperanto in the world。
[ti:][ar:][al:][by:九九Lrc歌词网～][02:23.52]College English Test—Band 6[02:26.88]Part III Listening Comprehension[02:30.15]Section A[02:32.75]Directions: In this section,[02:36.32]you will hear 8 short conversations[02:38.49]and 2 long conversations.[02:40.99]At the end of each conversation,[02:43.53]one or more questions will be asked about what was said. [02:47.82]Both the conversation and the questions[02:49.59]will be spoken only once.[02:52.01]After each question there will be a pause.[02:55.67]During the pause,[02:57.36]you must read the four choices marked A),[03:00.52]B), C) and D),[03:03.18]and decide which is the best answer.[03:05.62]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 [03:09.75]with a single line through the centre.[03:13.03]Now let’s begin with the eight short conversations.[03:18.89]11. M: Oh, I'm so sorry I forgot to bring along the book [03:24.05]you borrowed from the library.[03:26.10]W: What a terrible memory you have![03:28.82]Anyway, I won't need it until Friday night.[03:31.51]As long as I can get it by then, OK?[03:35.19]Q: What do we learn from this conversation?[03:51.33]12. W: Doctor, I haven't been able to get enough sleep lately, [03:56.82]and I'm too tired to concentrate in class.[03:59.56]M: Well, you know, spending too much time indoors [04:02.17]with all that artificial lighting can do that to you.[04:05.40]Your body loses track of whether it's day or night.[04:09.92]Q: What does the man imply?[04:25.89]13. M: I think I'll get one of those new T-shirts,[04:31.08]you know, with the school's logo[04:32.52]on both the front and the back.[04:34.52]W: You'll regret it.[04:35.84]They are expensive,[04:37.21]and I've heard the printing fades easily[04:39.16]when you wash them.[04:41.12]Q: What does the woman mean?[04:56.36]14. W: I think your article in the school newspaper[05:00.56]is right on target,[05:02.27]and your viewpoints have certainly convinced me.[05:05.30]M: Thanks, but in view of the general responses,[05:08.74]you and I are definitely in the minority.[05:12.20]Q: What does the man mean?[05:28.04]15. M: Daisy was furious yesterday[05:32.15]because I lost her notebook.[05:34.22]Should I go see her and apologize to her again?[05:37.57]W: Well, if I were you,[05:39.20]I'd let her cool off a few days before I approach her.[05:43.75]Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?[06:01.49]16. M: Would you please tell me[06:05.25]where I can get batteries for this brand of camera?[06:08.31]W: Let me have a look.[06:10.10]Oh, yes, go down this aisle, pass the garden tools,[06:14.66]you'll find them on the shelf next to the light bulbs.[06:18.70]Q: What is the man looking for?[06:35.05]17. M: Our basketball team is playing in the finals[06:40.06]but I don't have a ticket.[06:41.84]I guess I'll just watch it on TV.[06:44.39]Do you want to come over?[06:46.15]W: Actually I have a ticket, but I'm not feeling well.[06:50.13]You can have it for what it cost me.[06:53.76]Q: What do we learn from the conversation?[07:10.57]18. M: Honey,[07:12.82]I'll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. [07:15.75]Could you bring my suit and tie along?[07:18.45]W: Sure.[07:19.32]It's the first performance of the States Symphony Orchestra [07:22.51]in our city, so suit and tie is a must.[07:26.57]Q: What do we learn from the conversation?[07:42.83]Now you’ll hear the two long conversations.[07:46.37]Conversation One[07:48.76]M: I got two letters this morning with job offers,[07:51.76]one from the Polytechnic,[07:53.80]and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy. [07:57.91]W: So you're not sure which to go for?[08:00.71]M: That's it. Of course,[08:02.41]the conditions of work are very different:[08:04.83]The Polytechnic is offering a two-year contract[08:07.86]which could be renewed,[08:09.53]but the Language School is only offering a year's contract [08:12.96]and that's a definite minus.[08:14.93]It could be renewed, but you'll never know.[08:17.76]W: I see. So it's much less secure.[08:21.41]But you don't need to think too much about steady jobs[08:24.64]when you're only 23.[08:26.58]M: That's true.[08:27.68]W: What about the salaries?[08:29.78]M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. [08:33.70]I'll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22 000 a year there, [08:38.59]but only ￡20 000 of the Polytechnic.[08:41.82]But then the hours are different.[08:44.05]At the Polytechnic, I'd have to do 35 hours a week,[08:47.82]20 teaching and 15 administration,[08:50.89]whereas the Pistoia School is only asking for 30 hours' teaching. [08:55.34]W: Hmm...[08:56.75]M: Then the type of teaching is so different.[08:59.28]The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams, [09:03.59]like the Cambridge certificates.[09:05.38]The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, [09:08.89]but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories[09:12.15]and a couple of children's classes.[09:14.50]Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.[09:16.95]W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting.[09:20.02]And I'd imagine you would be doing quite a lot of[09:22.84]teaching outside the school and moving around quite a bit. [09:26.72]M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position,[09:29.99]I'd be stuck in the school all day.[09:33.52]Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation[09:37.30]you have just heard.[09:40.51]19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation? [09:59.60]20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic? [10:18.13]21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language School? [10:37.87]Conversation Two[10:40.59]W: Good evening,[10:41.58]and welcome to tonight's edition of “Legendary Lives.”[10:45.45]Our subject this evening is James Dean,[10:48.17]actor and hero for the young people of his time.[10:51.73]Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.[10:55.70]Good evening, Edward.[10:56.93]M: Hello, Tina.[10:57.98]W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life. [11:01.60]M: He was born in Indiana in 1931,[11:05.03]but his parents moved to California when he was five.[11:08.49]He wasn't there long, though,[11:10.21]because his mother passed away just four years later.[11:13.24]Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana[11:15.71]after that to live with his aunt.[11:17.83]W: So how did he get into acting?[11:20.56]M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school,[11:23.99]then he went to college in California[11:26.51]where he got seriously into acting.[11:28.96]In 1951, he moved to New York to do more stage acting.[11:33.80]W: Then when did his movie career really start?[11:37.71]M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden.[11:42.96]It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success.[11:46.44]But the movie that really made him famous[11:48.99]was his second one—Rebel Without a Cause,[11:52.34]that was about teenagers[11:53.86]who felt like they didn't fit into society.[11:56.63]W: So how many more movies did he make?[11:59.78]M: Just one more, then he died in a car crash[12:02.79]in California in 1955.[12:05.75]W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies.[12:09.49]So what made him the legend he still is today?[12:12.94]M: Well, I guess his looks, his acting ability,[12:16.75]his short life and maybe the type of character[12:20.19]he played in his movies.[12:22.06]Many young people saw him[12:23.62]as a symbol of American youths.[12:27.75]Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation[12:32.12]you have just heard.[12:34.62]22. What is the woman doing?[12:52.07]23. Why did James Dean move back to Indiana[12:57.29]when he was young?[13:12.18]24. What does the man say James Dean did at college[13:18.00]in California?[13:33.17]25. What do we learn about James Dean from the conversation? [13:52.65]Section B[13:54.21]Directions: In this section,[13:57.04]you will hear 3 short passages.[13:59.86]At the end of each passage,[14:01.83]you will hear some questions.[14:03.82]Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. [14:08.58]After you hear a question,[14:10.25]you must choose the best answer from the four choices [14:13.49]marked A), B), C) and D).[14:17.76]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2[14:21.49]with a single line through the centre.[14:25.39]Passage One[14:27.22]The time is nine o'clock[14:28.81]and this is Marian Snow with the news.[14:31.76]The German authorities are sending investigators[14:35.11]to discover the cause of the plane crash late yesterday[14:38.33]on the island of Tenerife.[14:40.79]The plane, a Boeing 737,[14:43.33]taking German holiday makers to the island,[14:46.42]crashed into a hillside as it circled[14:48.95]while preparing to land.[14:51.06]The plane was carrying 180 passengers.[14:54.70]It's thought there are no survivors.[14:57.36]Rescue workers were at the scene.[15:04.21]The British industrialist James Louis,[15:06.63]held by kidnappers in Central Africa[15:09.01]for the past eight months,[15:10.57]was released unharmed yesterday.[15:13.13]The kidnappers had been demanding ￡1 million[15:16.27]for the release of Mr. Louis.[15:18.53]The London Bank and their agents[15:20.56]who have been negotiating with the kidnappers[15:23.20]have not said whether any amount of money has been paid. [15:32.90]The 500 UK motors workers[15:35.44]who had been on strike in High Town[15:37.45]for the past three weeks went back to work this morning. [15:41.25]This follows successful talks between management[15:44.21]and union representatives,[15:46.09]which resulted in a new agreement on[15:48.39]working hours and conditions.[15:50.44]A spokesman for the management said that[15:53.71]they'd hope they could now get back to producing cars, [15:57.01]and that they lost a lot of money and orders over this dispute. [16:05.01]And finally the weather.[16:07.12]After a cold start,[16:08.64]most of the country should be warm and sunny.[16:11.39]But towards late afternoon,[16:13.52]rain will spread from Scotland to cover most parts by midnight. [16:18.78]Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage[16:21.97]you have just heard.[16:24.49]26. What does the news say about the Boeing 737 plane? [16:44.17]27. What happened to British industrialist James Louis? [17:03.54]28. How did the three-week strike in High Town end? [17:23.45]29. What kind of weather will be expected by midnight [17:28.96]in most parts of the country?[17:45.54]Passage Two[17:47.33]Juan Louis, a junior geology major,[17:50.69]decided to give an informative speech[17:53.01]about how earthquakes occur.[17:55.51]From his audience analysis he learned that[17:58.34]only two or three of his classmates[18:00.36]knew much of anything about geology.[18:03.33]Juan realized then that he must present his speech[18:06.61]at an elementary level[18:08.13]and with a minimum of scientific language.[18:12.74]As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, [18:16.93]“How can I make this clear and meaningful[18:19.95]to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes[18:22.37]or geological principles?”[18:26.31]Since he was speaking in the Midwest,[18:28.68]he decided to begin[18:30.21]by noting that the most severe earthquake[18:32.62]in American history took place not in California[18:36.26]or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811.[18:42.17]If such an earthquake happened today,[18:45.15]it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains[18:47.38]to the Atlantic Ocean[18:48.77]and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. [18:53.01]That, he figured, should get his classmates' attention. [18:58.01]Throughout the body of the speech,[19:00.36]Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of earthquakes, [19:04.01]and carefully avoided technical terms.[19:07.42]He also prepared visual aids, diagramming fault line, [19:11.84]so his classmates wouldn't get confused.[19:15.74]To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate,[19:20.36]who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. [19:24.89]“Stop me,” he said,[19:26.32]“any time I say something you don't understand.”[19:30.79]Juan's roommate stopped him four times.[19:33.68]And at each spot,[19:35.18]Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. [19:39.40]Finally, he had a speech that was interesting[19:42.64]and perfectly understandable to his audience.[19:47.85]Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage[19:51.74]you have just heard.[19:54.54]30. What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis[19:59.53]of his audience?[20:14.71]31. How did Juan Louis start his speech?[20:33.19]32. What did Juan ask his roommate to do[20:37.16]when he was making his trial speech?[20:53.74]Passage Three[20:56.22]Esperanto is an artificial language,[20:58.87]designed to serve internationally[21:01.28]as an auxiliary means of communication[21:04.33]among speakers of different languages.[21:07.40]It was created by Ludwig Lazar Zamenhof,[21:10.92]a polish Jewish doctor specialized in eye diseases.[21:15.46]Esperanto was first presented in 1887.[21:19.05]An international movement was launched to promote its use. [21:23.83]Despite arguments and disagreements,[21:26.42]the movement has continued to flourish[21:29.01]and has members in more than 80 countries.[21:32.23]Esperanto is used internationally[21:34.75]across language boundaries by at least 1 million people, [21:39.07]particularly in specialized fields.[21:42.20]It is used in personal contexts,[21:44.57]on radio broadcasts and in a number of publications, [21:49.00]as well as in translations of both modern works and classics. [21:53.28]Its popularity has spread from Europe,[21:55.71]both east and west,[21:57.52]to such countries as Brazil and Japan.[22:01.08]It is, however, in China[22:03.07]that Esperanto has had its greatest impact.[22:06.83]It is taught in universities and used in many translations, [22:11.38]often in scientific or technological works.[22:15.21]EL POPOLA CHINIO,[22:17.03]which means from people's China,[22:19.55]is a monthly magazine in Esperanto and is read worldwide. [22:24.99]Radio Beijing's Esperanto program is the[22:28.23]most popular program in Esperanto in the world.[22:31.95]Esperanto's vocabulary is drawn primarily from Latin, [22:35.90]the Roman's languages,[22:37.65]English and German.[22:39.80]Spelling is completely regular.[22:42.66]A simple and consistent set of endings indicates[22:46.08]grammatical functions of words.[22:48.31]Thus for example,[22:50.12]every noun ends in “o,”[22:52.65]every adjective in “a,”[22:54.86]and the basic form of every verb in “i.”[22:58.95]Esperanto also has a highly productive system of[23:02.63]constructing new words from old ones.[23:06.37]Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage[23:10.31]you have just heard.[23:12.78]33. What does the speaker tell us about Esperanto?[23:31.86]34. What is said about the international movement[23:36.43]to promote the use of Esperanto?[23:52.58]35. What does the speaker say about Esperanto in China? [24:14.84]Section C[24:16.24]Directions: In this section,[24:19.30]you will hear a passage three times.[24:21.68]When the passage is read for the first time,[24:24.42]you should listen carefully for its general idea.[24:27.85]When the passage is read for the second time,[24:30.84]you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43[24:35.84]with the exact words you have just heard.[24:38.54]For blanks numbered from 44 to 46[24:42.83]you are required to fill in the missing information.[24:46.55]For these blanks,[24:47.81]you can either use the exact words you have just heard[24:51.04]or write down the main points in your own words.[24:54.32]Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,[24:58.97]you should check what you have written.[25:01.87]Now listen to the passage.[25:05.47]George Herbert Mead said that[25:07.11]humans are talked into humanity.[25:10.02]He meant that we gain personal identity[25:12.78]as we communicate with others.[25:15.41]In the earliest years of our lives,[25:18.00]our parents tell us who we are.[25:20.63]“You're intelligent.” “You're so strong.”[25:23.91]We first see ourselves through the eyes of others,[25:27.70]so their messages form important foundations[25:30.32]of our self-concepts.[25:32.59]Later we interact with teachers,[25:35.38]friends, romantic partners,[25:37.91]and co-workers who communicate their views of us.[25:42.16]Thus, how we see ourselves reflects[25:45.17]the views of us that others communicate.[25:49.10]The profound connection between identity[25:51.88]and communication is dramatically evident in children[25:54.74]who are deprived of human contact.[25:58.30]Case studies of children[25:59.37]who were isolated from others reveal[26:01.54]that they lack a firm self-concept,[26:04.31]and their mental and psychological development[26:06.49]is severely hindered by lack of language.[26:10.53]Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity [26:14.96]but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. [26:20.27]Consistently, research shows that[26:23.11]communicating with others promotes health,[26:25.72]whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease[26:30.13]and early death.[26:32.27]People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety [26:35.90]and depression than people who are close to others.[26:38.99]A group of researchers reviewed scores of studies[26:42.30]that traced the relationship[26:43.67]between health and interaction with others.[26:47.04]The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically[26:51.34]as dangerous as high blood pressure,[26:53.53]smoking and obesity.[26:55.95]Many doctors and researchers believe that[26:59.00]loneliness harms the immune system,[27:01.81]making us more vulnerable to a range of minor[27:04.48]and major illnesses.[27:08.81]Now the passage will be read again.[27:12.83]George Herbert Mead said that[27:14.91]humans are talked into humanity.[27:18.17]He meant that we gain personal identity[27:20.69]as we communicate with others.[27:23.41]In the earliest years of our lives,[27:25.69]our parents tell us who we are.[27:28.17]“You're intelligent.” “You're so strong.”[27:31.95]We first see ourselves through the eyes of others,[27:36.08]so their messages form important foundations[27:38.78]of our self-concepts.[27:41.05]Later we interact with teachers,[27:43.34]friends, romantic partners,[27:45.48]and co-workers who communicate their views of us.[27:49.46]Thus, how we see ourselves reflects[27:51.95]the views of us that others communicate.[27:55.49]The profound connection between identity[27:57.69]and communication is dramatically evident in children[28:01.40]who are deprived of human contact.[28:04.38]Case studies of children[28:05.52]who were isolated from others reveal[28:07.93]that they lack a firm self-concept,[28:10.78]and their mental and psychological development[28:13.16]is severely hindered by lack of language.[28:16.34]Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity [28:20.92]but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. [28:26.29]Consistently, research shows that[28:29.49]communicating with others promotes health,[28:32.19]whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease[28:35.96]and early death.[28:37.78][30:09.76]People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety [30:13.42]and depression than people who are close to others.[30:17.37]A group of researchers reviewed scores of studies[30:20.45]that traced the relationship[30:22.05]between health and interaction with others.[30:25.85][31:48.92]The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically[31:53.20]as dangerous as high blood pressure,[31:55.27]smoking and obesity.[31:57.60]Many doctors and researchers believe that[32:00.11]loneliness harms the immune system,[32:02.61]making us more vulnerable to a range of minor[32:05.49]and major illnesses.[32:08.16][33:16.39]Now the passage will be read for the third time.[33:20.54]George Herbert Mead said that[33:22.17]humans are talked into humanity.[33:25.22]He meant that we gain personal identity[33:27.83]as we communicate with others.[33:30.50]In the earliest years of our lives,[33:33.07]our parents tell us who we are.[33:35.71]“You're intelligent.” “You're so strong.”[33:39.10]We first see ourselves through the eyes of others,[33:42.83]so their messages form important foundations[33:45.30]of our self-concepts.[33:47.77]Later we interact with teachers,[33:50.57]friends, romantic partners,[33:52.87]and co-workers who communicate their views of us.[33:57.25]Thus, how we see ourselves reflects[34:00.20]the views of us that others communicate.[34:03.64]The profound connection between identity[34:06.87]and communication is dramatically evident in children[34:09.73]who are deprived of human contact.[34:12.54]Case studies of children[34:14.34]who were isolated from others reveal[34:16.39]that they lack a firm self-concept,[34:19.06]and their mental and psychological development[34:21.59]is severely hindered by lack of language.[34:25.33]Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity [34:30.03]but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. [34:35.38]Consistently, research shows that[34:38.23]communicating with others promotes health,[34:40.92]whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease[34:45.46]and early death.[34:47.46]People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety [34:50.97]and depression than people who are close to others.[34:54.30]A group of researchers reviewed scores of studies[34:57.40]that traced the relationship[34:58.78]between health and interaction with others.[35:02.24]The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically[35:06.39]as dangerous as high blood pressure,[35:08.68]smoking and obesity.[35:11.35]Many doctors and researchers believe that[35:14.11]loneliness harms the immune system,[35:16.93]making us more vulnerable to a range of minor[35:19.52]and major illnesses.[35:23.93]This is the end of listening comprehension.。
2010年6月19日六级真题听力原文：Passage1The time is 9 o’clock, and this is Marine Snow with thenews。
The German authorities are sending investigators to discoverthe cause of the plane crash late yesterday on the island of Tiena Reef.The plane, a Bowing 737, taking German holiday makers to the island, crashedinto a hill side as it circled while preparing to land. The plane was carrying180 passengers. It’s thought there’re no survivals. Rescue workers were at thescene。
The British industrialist James Louis held by kidnappersin Central Africa for the past 8 months wasreleased unharmed yesterday. The kidnappers had been demanding 1million poundsfor the release of Mr. Louis. The London Bank and their agents who had been negotiatingwith the kidnappers have not said whether any amount of money has been paid。
The 500 UKMotor’s workers who have been on strike in High town for the past 3 weeks wentback to work this morning. These follow successful talks between management andunion representatives which resulted in a new agreement on working hours andconditions. A spokesman for the management said they had hoped now they couldnow give back to producing cars. And they lost a lot of money and orders overthis dispute。
And finally the weather. After a cold start, most of thecountry should be warm and sunny. But towards late afternoon, rain would spreadfrom Scotlandto cover most parts by midnight。
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have justheard26. What does the news say about the Bowing 737 plane?27. What happened to British industrialist James Louis?28. How did the three-week strike in High town end?29. What kind of weather would be expected by midnight inmost parts of the country?Passage2Huang Louise, a junior geology major, decided to give aninformative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience analysis, helearnt that only two or three of his classmates knew much of anything aboutgeology. Huang realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum ofscientific language. As he prepared the speech, Huang kept asking himself:“ how can I make this clear and meaningful to someone whoknows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles？” Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided tobegin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took placenot in California or Alaska, but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811. If such anearthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to theAtlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi Valley.That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention. Throughout the body ofthe speech, Huang doubt only with the basic mechanics of earthquakes andcarefully avoided technical terms. He also prepared visual aids diagramming photolines so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Huangasked his roommate who was not a geology major to listen to the speech. “Stopme”，he said, “Anytime I say something you don’t understand”. Huang’s roommatestopped him four times. And at each spot, Huang worked out a way tomake hispoint more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectlyunderstandable to his audience。
Question 30: What did Huang Louise learn from theanalysis of his audience?Question 31: How did Huang Louise start his speech?Question 32: What did Huang ask his roommate to do whenhe was making is trial speech?Passage3Esperanto is an artificial languagedesigned to serve internationally as an auxiliary means of communication amongspeakers of different languages. It is created by Ludwig Lejzer Zamenhof, a Polish-Jewish doctor specialized in eyediseases. Esperanto was first presented in 1887. An international movement waslaunched to promote its use. Despite arguments and disagreements, the movementhas continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries. Esperantois used internationally across language boundaries by at least 1 millionpeople, particularly in specialized fields. It is used in personal contacts, onradio broadcasts, and in a number of publications as well as in translations ofboth modern works and classics. Its popularity has spread from Europe, botheast and west, to such countries as Brazil and Japan. It is, however, in Chinathat Esperanto has had its greatest impact. It is taught in universities andused in many translations, often in scientific or technological works. El Popola Cinio, which means From People’sChina, i s a monthly magazine in Esperanto, and is read worldwide. RadioBeijing’s Esperanto program is the most popular program in Esperanto in theworld。
