英语翻译(独立权利要求)

专利常用英文专利文献翻译技巧专文献既是技术文件又是法律文件，它有一些惯用的词语，下面作一简要介绍。

一、专利惯用的词组Appl.No.(Application Number)申请号Ser.No.(Serisl Number)申请书，登记号Int.Cl.3 (International Patent Classification,3 rd Edition)国际专利分类表（第三版）Abstract of the disclosure发明摘要Preferred embodiments最佳实施方案Cross-Sheet 5 第5页（图共5页）Sheet 3 of 4第3页（图共4页）二、常用的句子1.Reference is made to our copending application No.25838/78 filed 31 st May 1978.请参阅我们在1978年5月31日登记的与此有关的申请书，其申请号为25838/78。

说明：make reference to:参考，提及。

Copending:与此有关的，尚待批准的。

2.The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.patent applications Ser.No.626245, filed Mar.27, 1967,now abandoned and Ser.No.767046,filed Sept.26,1968, now patent No.3619220.本专利申请书是下列两件美国专利申请书的继续。

其中第一件于1967年3月27日提出申请，申请号626245，现已放弃。

第二件于1968年9月26日提出申请，申请号767046，专利号3619220。

说明：continuation-in-part:指的是接续专利。

Ser.No.:流水号，档案号，申请号，登记号。

abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请abridgment 文摘abstract 文摘(摘要)abuse of patent 滥用专利权action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼action of a patent 专利诉讼address for service 文件送达地址aff idavit 誓书amendment 修改annual fee 年费annuity 年费anticipation 占先appeal 上诉appellation of origin 原产地名称applicant for patent 专利申请人application date 申请日期application documents 申请案文件application fee 申请费application for patent 专利申请(案)application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请application number 申请号application papers 申请案文件arbitration 仲裁art 技术article of manufacture 制品assignee 受让人assignment 转让assignor 转让人author of the invention 发明人author's certif icate 发明人证书basic patent 基本专利Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟best mode 最佳方式bibliographic data 著录资料BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局board of appeals 申诉委员会breach of conf idence 泄密Budapest T reaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约burden of proof 举证责任case law 判例法caveat 预告certif icate of addition 增补证书certif icate of correction 更正证明书certif icate of patent 专利证书certif ied copy 经认证的副本Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘citation 引证claim 权项classif ier 分类员co-applicants 共同申请人co-inventors 共同发明人color coding 色码制commissioner 专利局长Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约complete application 完整的申请案complete description 完整的叙述complete specif ication 完整的说明书comptroller 专利局长compulsory license 强制许可证conception 概念conception date 概念日期conf idential application 机密申请conf idential information 保密情报conflict award 冲突裁定conflict procedure 冲突程序conflicting applications 冲突申请案continuation application 继续申请continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案contractual license 契约性许可证contributory infringement 简介侵犯convention application 公约申请convention country 公约国convention date 公约日期Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约convention period 公约期限convention priority 公约优先权copyright 版权correction slip 勘误表counter pleadings 反诉状counterclaim 反诉country code 国家代号cross license 交叉许可证data 资料data exchange agreement 资料交换协议data of application 申请日期date of grant 授予日期date of issue 颁发日期date of patent 专利日期date of publication 公布日期dedication to the public 捐献于公众defendant 被告人defenses 辩护defensive publication 防卫性公告deferred examination 延迟审查dependent claim 从属权项dependent patent 从属专利Derwent Publications Ltd. 德温特出版有限公司design patent 外观设计专利development 发展disclaimer 放弃权项disclosure 公开division 分案divisional application 分案申请domination patent 支配专利drawing 附图duration of patent 专利有效期economic patent 经济专利effecti v e f iling date 实际申请日期employee’s invention雇员发明EPO 欧洲专利局European Patent Off ice 欧洲专利局ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约evidence 证据examination 审查examination countries 审查制国家examination for novelty 新颖性审查examiner 审查员examiner’s report审查员报告exclusive license 独占性许可证exclusive right 专有权experimental use 实验性使用expired patent 期满专利exploitation of a patent 实施专利exposition priority 展览优先权expropriation 征用extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限fee 费用FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会f ile copy 存档原件f iling date 申请日期f iling fee 申请费f iling of an application 提出申请f inal action 终局决定书f irst-to-f ile principle 先申请原则f irst-to-invention principle 先发明原则force majeure 不可抗力foreign patent application 外国专利申请formal examination 形式审查gazette 公报Geneva T reaty on the International Recording of Scienti f ic Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约grace period 宽限期grant of a patent 授予专利权holder of a patent 专利持有人ICIREPAT 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Off ices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会prescription 时效prevention of unfair competition principal patent 主专利prior art 先有技术prior use 先用priority 优先权priority claim 优先权声明priority declaration 优先权声明process patent 方法专利processing of an application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利provisional speci f ication 临时说明书publication 公布reclassi f ication 再分类reexamination 复审refusal 驳回register of patents 专利登记册registered patent 登记专利registered trade mark 注册商标registration 登记registration countries 登记制国家reissue patent 再颁发专利rejection 驳回remedy 补救renewal fee 续展费request 请求书restoration of a lapsed patent 恢复已终止的专利restricted conditions 限制条款review 复审revi v al of an abandoned application 恢复已放弃的申请revocation of a patent 撤销专利royalties 提成费Science Abstracts 科学文摘scientif ic discovery 科学发现scope of protection 保护范围seal 盖章search 检索secret patent 机密专利service invention 职务发明service mark 服务标记signature 签署simple license 普通许可证single applicant 单独申请人sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费sole license 排他性许可证specif ication 说明书state of the art 先有技术水平statement of claim 诉讼陈述statement of defense 辩护陈述substance patent 物质专利substantive examination 实质性审查succession 继承suff iciency of description 充分描述technical assistance 技术协助technical data 技术资料technology transfer 技术转移temporary protection 临时保护term of a patent 专利有效期The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 工业品外观设计国际保存海牙协定title of invention 发明名称title to patent 专利所有权trade mark 商标T rademark Registration T reaty 商标注册条约trade name 厂商名称trial 审判unfair competition 不正当竞争unity of invention 发明单一性Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约unpatentable subject matter 不能取得专利的主题use patent 用途专利utility certi f icate 实用证书utility model 实用新型Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classi f ication of the Figurative Elements of Marks 建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定Vienna Agreement for the Protection of T ype Faces and their International Deposit 印刷字体保护及其国际保存维也纳协定WIPO 世界知识产权组织withdrawal of an application 撤回申请witness 证人working of a patent 实施专利World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组这WPI 世界专利索引World Patent Index 世界专利索引专利翻译知识★★xilidge(金币+2,VIP+0):感谢分享：）Ⅰ.总则1. 专利说明书的中译，应特别注重"信"与"达"两大要求，即译文必须与原文内容完全相符，不得有任何出入或节略。

said与where + prep., there + prep.与here + prep.thereof（=of that），thereby (= by that ),therein(=in that),thereto, therebetween，therewith，thereon，therefrom, therethrough,hereinafter(=in the following text：在下文中), hereinabove, herein, hereto, hereunder, herewith,wherein（= in which：在其中）, whereby, wherefore, whereupon, whereof, whereat.1.hereafter=after this time 此后2.hereby=by doing or saying so=by means/reason of this；特此，兹3.herein=in this piece of writing=in this ；此中，于此4.hereinafter=after this time=later in this paper；在下文；今后在下文中5.hereof=of or belonging to this 在本文中6.hereto=to this piece of writing 次，至此7.heretofore=until now, hitherto 迄今为止，在次之前8.hereunder=below, following 在下文中9.hereupon=at or after the time＝after that因此，于是，不久以后，就在此时，随即10.herewith=with this 与此一道, 随函附上1.thereafter=afterwards；此后，后来，其后2.thereby=by saying or doing that=by that means ；因此；由此；因而，在那方面，3.therefrom=from that从中4.therein=in that piece of writing=from that ；在那里；在那点上，在其中5.thereinafter=later in the same paper；在下文中，以下6.thereof=of that 其中7.thereon=on that 在其上，就此8.thereto=to that 加于……之上，随函附上9.thereunder=under that 在其下10.thereupon=about that matter 关于此事1.whereas=but 但是，却2.whereat＝at which 在哪儿3.whereby=by means of which=by what ； by which；由是；凭那个以……方式4.wherein=in which=in what；在哪里；在哪点上，在哪方面5.whereof=of which 关于6.whereto=to which 向哪里，到什么地方（here =this，there=that，where =what/which）专利说明书的英译策略朱植德(温州市科技情报研究所, 浙江温州325000）（载《中国翻译》08年第2期）引言专利说明书是对某项专利发明的清楚完整的说明。

英文专利申请文件翻译指南（试用）2008年12月18日一、基本原则（一）中文译文要忠实原文，通顺易懂，规范专业。

忠实原文是指，从技术的角度和法律的角度看，译文的内容要和原文的内容完全一致，不得不同，不得增加，不得减少。

通顺易懂是指，译文要符合中文的语法和逻辑，使读者不看原文就能够容易地理解。

规范专业是指，译文要使用专业的技术术语和法律术语，采用相关技术领域规范的行文方式。

（二）原则上，采用直译的方法。

只有直译无法正确表达原文的含义，或者使译文不通顺易懂时，可采用意译的方法。

（三）同一术语的译文要保持一致，相同部分的译文要保持一致。

（四）原则上，当一个术语有广义和狭义之别时，如果不能毫无疑义地确定应取狭义，则要用广义的译法。

例如，container宜译为“容器”，不宜译为“罐”、“桶”。

fluid宜译为“流体”，不宜译为“液体”。

（五）原文存在错误的，如果是能够毫无疑义地确定的明显错误，例如能够从上下文判断出正确拼法的拼写错误，可径行改正。

如果不是，要在与客户沟通的基础上予以改正。

（六）对于非PCT申请，如果原文不符合中国专利法对申请文件的形式要求，例如，没有小标题，说明书中有对权利要求的引用，要径行改正。

没有小标题的，在适当地方加入小标题。

说明书中存在对权利要求的引用的，要删除引用语段，将所引用的权利要求的内容复制到相应位置。

二、翻译者的素质（一）具备良好的技术基础，对发明所涉及的技术有正确的理解。

（二）扎实的外语功底，并且有语言上的敏感性。

在精通英文的同时最好还懂得小语种，例如日语、德语、法语等。

（三）扎实的中文语言功底，对中文有很好的驾御能力。

（四）严谨，细致，不放过任何一个细节。

（五）勤于思考，善于学习，能够做到举一反三，触类旁通。

（六）对专利申请文件撰写、专利审查、无效和侵权诉讼等实践有及时的跟踪，这有时直接关系到对某一术语译文的选择，关系到对某一技术特征的正确表达。

三、翻译中应注意的问题（一）确定正确的翻译基础在着手进行翻译之前，首先要检查申请文件原文，确定申请文件是否完整。

专利法律翻译常用词汇和句型随着全球化的推进，知识产权在国际交往中的地位越来越重要。

而专利作为知识产权的一种形式，具有独特的价值和重要的保护作用。

然而，由于专利申请流程的多样性、专业性，以及法律术语的繁琐性，专利法律翻译成为一个越来越重要的领域，而其中的常用词汇和句型则是每个专利法律翻译人员应该掌握的基础。

一、专利法律常用词汇1.专利权：patent right2.发明：invention3.技术方案：technical scheme4.原则：principle5.制造方法：manufacturing method6.产品：product7.装置：device8.实用新型：utility model9.专利申请：patent application10.专利局：patent office11.保护范围：protection scope12.专利文件：patent document13.公告日：publication date14.发明人：inventor15.权利要求：claim16.说明书：specification17.国际专利分类：International Patent Classification(IPC)18.审查员：examiner19.驳回：rejection20.异议：opposition二、专利法律常用句型1.本发明涉及一种XX技术领域。

The present invention relates to a technical field of XX.2.本发明解决了XX问题。

The present invention solves the problem of XX.3.本发明提供了一种XX。

The present invention provides a XX.4.本发明的制备方法包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:5.本申请依据专利法995条规定申请。

claim用法"claim" 是一个英语词汇，它可以用作名词或动词。

下面分别介绍"claim" 作为名词和动词的用法：作为名词：1. 权利要求、主张：-例句：The insurance company denied his claim for the stolen property.-翻译：保险公司拒绝了他对被盗财物的权利要求。

2. 断言、声明：-例句：She made the bold claim that her invention would change the world.-翻译：她大胆地断言她的发明将改变世界。

3. 要求、索赔：-例句：The workers filed a claim for better working conditions.-翻译：工人们提出了要求改善工作条件的索赔。

作为动词：1. 声称、宣称：-例句：The company claimed that the new product would revolutionize the industry.-翻译：公司声称新产品将彻底改变这个行业。

2. 索赔、要求：-例句：The injured party decided to claim compensation for medical expenses.-翻译：受伤的一方决定要求医疗费用的赔偿。

3. 占用、取得：-例句：The explorer claimed the uncharted territory in the name of his country.-翻译：探险家代表他的国家声称了这片未知的领土。

4. 认领、领取：-例句：You can claim your luggage at the baggage claim area.-翻译：你可以在行李领取区领取你的行李。

5. 提出权利主张：-例句：The artist claimed copyright over his original artwork.-翻译：艺术家声称对他的原创作品拥有版权。

PCT英语主要词汇The objectives 主题patent protection 专利保护home country 祖国outside your home country 在祖国之外的国家，其它国家Lose patent rights 失去专利权Paris convention 巴黎公约PCT：Patent Cooperation Treaty 专利合作条约World intellectual property organization国际知识产权组织multiple patent applications：多件专利申请the originating country：原始国家（home country）the initial filing：原始提交the initial filing date: 原始提交日期PCT filing route：PCT提交途径，PCT提交路径Designating ：指定the member states：成员国家Priority：优选权Priority date: 优先权日；filing date: 提交日；publication date: 公开日Priority date: 优先权日Filing date: 提交日Publication date: 公开日Priority number：优先权号Application number: 申请号Publication number：公开号Classification：分类号Title: 发明名称Claim：权利要求Specification：说明书Drawings：附图Abstract: 摘要Inventor: 发明人Applicant：申请人initial domestic application 最初的本国申请12-month window：12个月窗口formality requirement：形式要求certain rules or regulations ：某些规则和条例impact：影响sign：v. 签署，签字；signature: n.签名multiple different forms：多个不同表格Examine ：v. 审查;examination: n. 审查Examiner：审查员Office Action：审查意见通知书Search：检索;search report 检索报告international search report：国际检索报告examination report：审查报告prior art references: 现有技术对比文件Prior art：现有技术patentability：专利性practice：实务counterpart application：伙伴申请Rejection 驳回Objection 异议manage the enforcement of your patent：管理专利的实施examinations and prosecutions 审查和专利申请整个程序Claim scope: 权利要求范围Infringe：侵权Publication：公开Grant: 授予，授权Allow: 授权Notice of allowance：授权通知书Issue: 颁证Issue fee 颁证费Maintenance fee：维持费，年费Annual fee:年费Grace period 宽限期national phase 国家阶段national phase application 国家阶段申请designed 指定的trademark 商标design 外观设计utility model application实用新型申请invention 发明专利new matter issue 新内容问题Timeline 时间线an initial written opinion 初步书面意见，初步审查意见the International searching authority 国际检索机构jurisdiction管辖区域competitor 竞争对手Potential infringer 潜在侵权人argue 争辩Admit 承认original claim 原始权利要求patentable 可专利的an International Preliminary Examination Report, IPER 国际初步审查报告demand examination 请求审查mirror translation 镜像翻译（像镜子一样翻译，也就是说，不改变原文意思，英文中文一一对应，没有多词少词或者多句少句的情况）the filing fee 提交费用attorney service fees 代理服务费government fees 官费independent claim 独立权利要求dependent claim 从属权利要求requests for continuance examination, RCE 请求继续审查create an estoppel problem 制造禁止反言问题Estoppel 禁止反言Description 说明specification 说明书residents or nationality 居民或国籍the contracting states 合约国家an International Preliminary Examination Report, IPER 国际初步审查报告the receiving office 受理局Designated office 指定局an eligible office 有资格的局citation 引证the duty to disclose 公开义务the information disclosure statement requirement IDS要求，信息披露声明要求Novelty 新颖性the inventive step 创造性the industrial applicability 工业实用性demand examination 请求审查International Preliminary Report on Patentability 专利性的国际初步报告。

从属权利要求英语Subordinate Claim in EnglishIn the legal field, the concept of subordinate claims holds significant importance. A subordinate claim refers to a claim or right in which someone else has a superior claim or right. It is essential to understand the nature and implications of subordinate claims in order to navigate the complexities of the legal system effectively. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of subordinate claims and their significance in the realm of English law.1. Defining Subordinate ClaimsSubordinate claims can arise in various legal contexts, such as property rights, contract disputes, or inheritance matters. When a claim is considered subordinate, it means that it is of lesser priority compared to another claim. This hierarchy is determined by legal principles, statutes, or contractual agreements.2. Examples of Subordinate ClaimsLet's take a closer look at some common examples of subordinate claims:2.1 Subordinate Property RightsIn real estate transactions, subordinate property rights often come into play. For instance, a mortgage creates a subordinate claim for the lender, with the borrower holding the superior right to the property. In the event of foreclosure, the lender's subordinate claim allows them to recover their debtfrom the proceeds of the property's sale after satisfying the superior claims, such as property taxes or government liens.2.2 Subordinate ContractsSubordinate contractual rights can also arise in business transactions. For instance, a subcontractor may have a subordinate claim to payment under a construction contract. Their claim is inferior to the main contractor's claim, who holds a superior right to receive payment directly from the project owner.2.3 Subordinate Inheritance RightsIn the context of succession and inheritance, subordinate claims may arise when multiple heirs or beneficiaries have conflicting interests. For example, if an estate has limited assets, certain beneficiaries may have subordinate claims to the inheritance, while others possess superior claims as specified in a will or trust.3. Legal Framework for Subordinate ClaimsThe legal framework surrounding subordinate claims varies depending on the jurisdiction and the specific area of law. English law recognizes the principles of equity, which play a crucial role in the determination of subordinate claims.3.1 Equitable SubordinationEquitable subordination is a concept within equity that allows a court to restructure the priority of claims. This power is utilized when a claimant'sconduct is deemed unconscionable or unfair. The court may subordinate their claim to protect the rights of other parties.3.2 Priority RulesIn addition to equitable subordination, there are established priority rules that govern the hierarchy of claims. For example, in bankruptcy proceedings, certain claims take priority over others. Government tax claims and employee wage claims usually have superior rights compared to general unsecured claims.4. Resolving Conflicts and DisputesWhen conflicts or disputes arise regarding subordinate claims, it is essential to seek legal assistance. Engaging a knowledgeable lawyer familiar with the specific area of law will ensure the proper understanding and protection of rights in accordance with the applicable legal framework.5. ConclusionSubordinate claims are an integral part of the legal system, allowing for the establishment of a hierarchy of rights. Understanding the nature and implications of subordinate claims is crucial for individuals involved in various legal matters. By recognizing the existence of subordinate claims and navigating their complexities, individuals can protect their rights and make informed decisions within a legal context.Remember, this format serves as a general guide, and depending on the specific requirements or instructions, adjustment may be needed.。

专利翻译常用术语和词汇在进行专利翻译时，有很多专利常用的专业术语是我们不熟悉的。

今天，乐译通就为大家总结了专利翻译常用的术语和词汇，希望对那些从事专利翻译的小伙伴能够有所帮助。

一、专利翻译常用术语apparatus 装置claim n.权利要求, vt, 主张/要求claims the benefit of .. 要求……的权益figure 附图/图embodiment 实施例implementation实现，别跟embodiement弄混；description 说明书inventor 发明人application 申请 (专利申请)means 装置/方式/手段feature 特征solution 方案，而非“解决方案”，有时可译作“技术方案（technical solution）”；and/or 和/或prior art 现有技术subject matter主题term 术语priority 优先权(relevant) skilled in the art 所属领域技术人员Provisional Application 临时申请Commonly assigned 共同受让的二、专利翻译常用词汇one or more，考虑翻译为“一个或多个”，而不是“一个或更多”;various 翻译成“多种”可能比“各种”要好；有些词的含义比较相似，但在翻译的时候，最好将其区分出来，以尽可能体现原文的信息量，这种区分在词义上可能意义不大，但在语义上还是有意义的，例如：1、apparatus, means, device, equipment, facility, tool，对于这些词，可以选择下列的对应译文：器械，装置，设备，装备，机构，工具2、memory, storage 存储器/存储设备3、process, procedure,function, method 过程/进程，过程，函数/功能/方法，方法4、time, interval, time interval, period, duration, cycle，如果这些词同时出现，在译文中需要体现出差别5、estimate“估计”可能是比“估算”更好的6、location, position, coordinate, place 地点，位置，坐标，地方7、execute, perform, run, process 执行，表演/表现，运行，处理8、power, energy, power source 功率，能量，功率源9、direction, orentation 方向，朝向10、part, section, partition 部分，段，分区11、several, multiple, plural, a number of,some 若干，多个，复数个，大量，一些12、read, read out 如果原文加以区分，译文也建议加以区分13、architecture, structure, struct 架构/体系结构，结构14、disk, optical disk, hard disk, magnetic disk 磁盘，光盘，硬盘15、assignment, allocation, assign, allocate 分配，指派16、schedule, arrange 调度，安排17、diagram, figure, plot, illustration, chart, table 图表18、feature, character 特点，特征19、Include 包括，Comprise of 由...组成，分别对应开放式与封闭式定义20、Part，(no)零部件，(yes)部件/零件，“零部件”是2个词，而Part是一个词，翻译时要准确对应21、value 值，“价值”可能是不准确的译法；22、second 第二，而不是“另一个”；一般也不表达为“第二个”；类似的，first一般译为“第一”，而不用在后面接量词（诸如“个”）；23、become more 变得越来越/愈加/更加（书面语，避免过于口语化）；24、disclosure 公开25、such as, for example连用的情况：考虑翻成诸如——作为举例——26、brief summary 发明内容27、duration/time/period/cycle/interval/clock 持续时间/时间/周期（一段时间）/周期/（时间）间隔/时钟，这些词的意思差不多，但在同时出现的时候要加以区分；28、disclosure 公开，而非“发明”；29、optionally “可选地”，而非“另外”；“另外”有附加的含义，而“可选地”表示单纯的可选项；30、Generally “一般地”，而非“广泛地”；31、Megabytes “兆字节”而非“兆”；32、rather: “而是”，不推荐“相反”，后者强化了可能不存在的矛盾（The embodiments are not limited to the embodiments set forth herein, rather, …）33、procedure 过程，程序（结合上下文选择适当的译法）34、implement “实现”好于“实行”，但为了同近似词区分，也可以考虑换用；35、fabric 构造，织物36、configuration, setting, arrangement 配置，设置，布置；37、application, application program 应用，应用程序；（注意对单独的application，建议翻译作“应用”而非“应用程序”）；38、for example, for instance, such as 尽量最初区分，例如，xx，诸如欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请abridgment 文摘abstract 文摘(摘要)abuse of patent 滥用专利权action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼action of a patent 专利诉讼address for service 文件送达地址affidavit 誓书amendment 修改annual fee 年费annuity 年费anticipation 占先appeal 上诉appellation of origin 原产地名称applicant for patent 专利申请人application date 申请日期application documents 申请案文件application fee 申请费application for patent 专利申请(案)application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请application number 申请号application papers 申请案文件arbitration 仲裁art 技术article of manufacture 制品assignee 受让人assignment 转让assignor 转让人author of the invention 发明人author's certificate 发明人证书basic patent 基本专利Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟best mode 最佳方式bibliographic data 著录资料BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局board of appeals 申诉委员会breach of confidence 泄密Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约burden of proof 举证责任case law 判例法caveat 预告certificate of addition 增补证书certificate of correction 更正证明书certificate of patent 专利证书certified copy 经认证的副本Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘citation 引证claim 权项classifier 分类员co-applicants 共同申请人co-inventors 共同发明人color coding 色码制commissioner 专利局长Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约complete application 完整的申请案complete description 完整的叙述complete specification 完整的说明书comptroller 专利局长compulsory license 强制许可证conception 概念conception date 概念日期confidential application 机密申请confidential information 保密情报conflict award 冲突裁定conflict procedure 冲突程序conflicting applications 冲突申请案continuation application 继续申请continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案contractual license 契约性许可证contributory infringement 简介侵犯convention application 公约申请convention country 公约国convention date 公约日期Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约convention period 公约期限convention priority 公约优先权copyright 版权correction slip 勘误表counter pleadings 反诉状counterclaim 反诉country code 国家代号cross license 交叉许可证data 资料data exchange agreement 资料交换协议data of application 申请日期date of grant 授予日期date of issue 颁发日期date of patent 专利日期date of publication 公布日期dedication to the public 捐献于公众defendant 被告人defenses 辩护defensive publication 防卫性公告deferred examination 延迟审查dependent claim 从属权项dependent patent 从属专利Derwent Publications Ltd. 德温特出版有限公司design patent 外观设计专利development 发展disclaimer 放弃权项disclosure 公开division 分案divisional application 分案申请domination patent 支配专利drawing 附图duration of patent 专利有效期economic patent 经济专利effective filing date 实际申请日期employee’s invention雇员发明EPO 欧洲专利局European Patent Office 欧洲专利局ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约evidence 证据examination 审查examination countries 审查制国家examination for novelty 新颖性审查examiner 审查员examiner’s report审查员报告exclusive license 独占性许可证exclusive right 专有权experimental use 实验性使用expired patent 期满专利exploitation of a patent 实施专利exposition priority 展览优先权expropriation 征用extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限fee 费用FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会file copy 存档原件filing date 申请日期filing fee 申请费filing of an application 提出申请final action 终局决定书first-to-file principle 先申请原则first-to-invention principle 先发明原则force majeure 不可抗力foreign patent application 外国专利申请formal examination 形式审查gazette 公报Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约grace period 宽限期grant of a patent 授予专利权holder of a patent 专利持有人ICIREPAT 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Offices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会prescription 时效prevention of unfair competition principal patent 主专利prior art 先有技术prior use 先用priority 优先权priority claim 优先权声明priority declaration 优先权声明process patent 方法专利processing of an application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利provisional specification 临时说明书publication 公布reclassification 再分类reexamination 复审refusal 驳回register of patents 专利登记册registered patent 登记专利registered trade mark 注册商标registration 登记registration countries 登记制国家reissue patent 再颁发专利rejection 驳回remedy 补救renewal fee 续展费request 请求书restoration of a lapsed patent 恢复已终止的专利restricted conditions 限制条款review 复审revival of an abandoned application 恢复已放弃的申请revocation of a patent 撤销专利royalties 提成费Science Abstracts 科学文摘scientific discovery 科学发现scope of protection 保护范围seal 盖章search 检索secret patent 机密专利service invention 职务发明service mark 服务标记signature 签署simple license 普通许可证single applicant 单独申请人sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费sole license 排他性许可证specification 说明书state of the art 先有技术水平statement of claim 诉讼陈述statement of defense 辩护陈述substance patent 物质专利substantive examination 实质性审查succession 继承sufficiency of description 充分描述technical assistance 技术协助technical data 技术资料technology transfer 技术转移temporary protection 临时保护term of a patent 专利有效期The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 工业品外观设计国际保存海牙协定title of invention 发明名称title to patent 专利所有权trade mark 商标Trademark Registration Treaty 商标注册条约trade name 厂商名称trial 审判unfair competition 不正当竞争unity of invention 发明单一性Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约unpatentable subject matter 不能取得专利的主题use patent 用途专利utility certificate 实用证书utility model 实用新型Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定Vienna Agreement for the Protection of Type Faces and their International Deposit 印刷字体保护及其国际保存维也纳协定WIPO 世界知识产权组织withdrawal of an application 撤回申请witness 证人working of a patent 实施专利World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组这WPI 世界专利索引World Patent Index 世界专利索引专利翻译知识★★xilidge(金币+2,VIP+0):感谢分享：）Ⅰ.总则1. 专利说明书的中译，应特别注重"信"与"达"两大要求，即译文必须与原文内容完全相符，不得有任何出入或节略。

专利中常用的英语中华人民共和国国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China专利法实施细则"Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of The People's Republic of Chinathe Implementing Regulations of the Patent Law of the Penple's Republic of China"专利法Chinese Patent Law从属权利要求the dependent claim独立权利要求The independent claim第一次审查意见通知书Notification of First Office Action 发出了审查意见通知书issues the Office Action第二次审查意见通知书正文Contents of Second Office Action附页Attached Pages意见陈述书abservation本通知书the present detailed action经审查After examination审查指南guidelines for patent examination审查员examiner/Authorized Officer替换页replacement sheets 修改页amendment sheets提前公布Request for Early Publication修改文本amended document修改页amendment sheets意见与建议comments and suggestions原说明书和权利要求书initial description and claims新颖性novelty创造性inventiveness实用性practical applicability申请号Application number申请人applicant说明书The description已授权专利Issued Patents专利权人patentee专利性patentability本领域熟知/公知it is well known to a person skilled in the art that背景技术description of related art必要技术特征essential technical features additional对比文件reference document常规技术"routine techniques/common knowledge"仓【J造性劳动creative work等同特征equivalent feature发明内容summary of the invention技术方案technical solution技术领域field of the invention技术手段technical means技术特征technical features 必要技术特征essential technical features 技术问题technical problem明显或隐含公开expressly or impliedly disclose实施方案实施例embodiment上位概念generic term 下位概念specific term限定部分characterizing portion限定作有definitive effect下位概念specific term 上位概念generic term选择方案alternative solutions有益效果 (unexpected) (advantages ) beneficial effects(results)主题subject matter eg.请求保护的主题and furthermorein that由于，在于in other words"Broadly宽泛地讲process 方法，过程，工艺advantageous 有利的as balance 余量in turn贝U，反过来，而special emphasis isdisclose 公开see particularly 具体参见column XX, line XX XX 栏，XX 彳亍contemplated预期的，涉及，考虑范围内Also并且cross-sectional views 截面图instead of 代替由此可见thus 也就是说"that is/同样/同理similarly这样in this way再如for another example 在此基础上on this basis,特别值得强调的是Deserveportions 一部分analogous to 类似particular example 具体例子result in 导致but alternatively 或corresponded to 一致still somewhat在某种程度上about 约to至Accordingly 因此in principle 原则上literature 文献in reality事实上cautiously 小心地After characterization 表征之后disadvantage for 不利于term术语impart赋予subjected to 经过〜，易于〜，进行〜employ使用handling 操作overview 综述owing to 由于Nevertheless 然而superior to 优于Surprisingly出人意料地mentioned 描述assume采用per se本身1980's 1980 年代suitable合适的suitably相称地Similarly同样地confer提供give rise to 得至“give 显示出delivering 提供regardless of 而不论benefits 益处performance 性能seeking to 试图convenience 便利性so also因此so forth 等3/8at times 有时absolutely imperative 绝对必要alternatively 或者substantially 基本上together with 以及〜exerts表现出develop 开发also同样also covers 还包括likewise 同样conventional method 常规方法so that因此，所以，以便followed by然后，随后vice verse反之亦然particularly特别是，尤其in particular 特别是in particular with 特别是more particularly更特别地，更具体地especially 特别是specifically 具体地desirable 希望is desirable to 希望if desired若需要，必要时desired 预期undesired不希望if so desired如果需要when desired如果需要in addition止匕夕卜additionally 此外moreover止匕夕卜furthermore此外，更进一步further 此外perferably 优选more perferably 更优选most preferably 最优选still more perferably 再优选particularly preferred 特别优选preference is given 优选less preferred 次优选4/8example实施例，实例specific examples 具体实例embodiment实施方案therewith 随后thereby从而，以whereby 其中wherein 其中thereto 其中applications 装置is applicable 使用is applicable to 适用typically 通常conventionally 通常among others除了别的之外，其中among other properties 除其它性质之夕卜in addition to 除了~之外，还except that XX 除了XXbesides除了~之外，还cost effective 更加经济commercial XX 商品XXcommercial scale 商用规模are commercially available as XX 其在市场上的商品是XX commercially available 商购commercial formulatios 商用制剂marked as medicaments 作为药物上市optionally任选地，选择性地，或者if appropriate任选地，如果有的话if necessary 任选地if present如果存在包含embrace不能够，不能的incapable从市场上购买得到be purchased from the market方式means基本相同的substantially the same提交submit5/8包含embrace不能够，不能的incapable从市场上购买得到be purchased from the market方式means基本相同的substantially the same提交submit包含embrace不能够，不能的incapable从市场上购买得到be purchased from the market方式means基本相同的substantially the same提交submitsame technical problem, and have the same expected effects, then they can can be regarded as indentical invention or utility models虽然选择所选定的实施例来说明本发明，但对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，在不偏离权利要求所限定的本发明的范围的情况下，能作出各种修改和变型。

一、主体-人1.审查员： Examiner2.分类员: Classifier3.申请人：Applicant4.专利申请人：Applicant for patent5.共同申请人：Co-applicants、joint applicants6.单独申请人：Single applicant7.发明人：Author of the invention、Inventor8.共同发明人：Co-inventors、joint inventors9.第一发明人：First named Inventor10.专利权人：Patentee11.专利持有人：Holder of a patent12.专利所有人：Owner of a patent13.共同专利权人：Joint patentees14.许可人：Licensor15.转让人：Assignor16.受让人： Assignee17.代理人：attorney、agent18.专利代理人：Patent agent19.专利律师：Patent attorney20.自然人： Natural person21.法人：Legal person22.原告、起诉人、原告人：Plaintiff23.被告、辩护人、被告人：Defendant24.证人：Witness25.公证人：Notary26.后申请方：junior party27.本领域的技术人员、所属领域技术人员、所属领域的专业人员、所属技术领域的专业人员：Person skilled in the art、The skilled person28.专利局长、审计官、监查官：Commissioner、Comptroller二、主体-组织1.国务院：the State Council2.知识产权局：Intellectual Property Office3.国家知识产权局、SIPO：State Intellectual Property Office4.中华人民共和国国家知识产权局：Commissioner of China’s State Intellectual PropertyOffice、State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China5.专利局：Patent office6.专利审查协作中心：Patent Examination Cooperation Center7.专利审查协作北京中心：Patent Examination Cooperation Center of The Patent Office, SIPO,Beijing8.电学部：Electricity Examination Department9.世界知识产权组织、WIPO：World Intellectual Property Organization10.欧洲专利局、EPO：European Patent Office11.非洲知识产权组织、OAPI：African Intellectual Property Organization、OrganisationAfricaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle12.美国专利商标局、USPTO：Unite State’s Patent and Trade Mark Office13.伯尔尼联盟：Berne Union14.巴黎联盟：Paris Union15.专利合作联盟、PCT联盟：PCT Union16.保护知识产权联合国国际局、BIRPI：17.英语非洲工业产权组织、ESARIPO：18.国际工业产权律师联合会、FICPI：19.国际发明人协会联合会、IFIA：International Federation of Inventor’s Association20.国际专利研究所、IBB：Institute International des Brevets21.国际专利文献中心、INPADOC：International Patent Documentation Center22.不审查制国家：Non-examining countries23.登记制国家：Registration countries24.公约国：Convention Country25.国际局：International Bureau26.指定局：Designated Offices27.国际检索局、国际检索局：International Searching Authority28.国际初审单位：International Preliminary Examining Authority29.德温特出版有限公司：Derwent Publications Ltd.30.复审委员会、申述委员会：Board of appeals31.公证机关：Notary Public三、客体-宏观-文本：法律、公约、条约、协定中文英文法、法案Act、Law专利法Patent Law、Patent Act判例法Case law示范法model laws诉讼时效法statute of limitations细则Rules专利实施细则Patent rulesPCT实施细则PCT Rules条约Treaty专利合作条约、PCT Patent Cooperation Treaty、PCT Article商标注册条约Trademark Registration Treaty国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure公约Convention巴黎公约Paris Convention世界版权公约Universal Copyright Convention尼泊尔公约Berne Convention保护植物新品种国际公约International Convention for the Protection of New V arieties of Plants共同体专利公约Community Patent Convention建立世界知识产权组织公约、CEWIPO Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization协定、协议Agreement资料交换协议Data Exchange Agreement国际专利分类协定International Patent Classification Agreement建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design商标国际注册马德里协定Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks商标注册用商品与服务国际分类尼斯协定Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks条款Provision、Article最惠条款Most-favoured provision专利法第29条Patent Law Article 29四、客体-宏观-实体：产品中文英文制品Article of manufacture产品植物新品种new varieties of plants五、客体-宏观-文本（宏）、证书、概念、图、表、项集合、正文、数据库六、通知书、公告书、中文英文请求书Petition、request存档原件file copy申请文件原始申请文件修改文件微缩文件microforms专利文献patent documentation专利文件patent documents非专利文献著录项目权利要求书说明书specification临时说明书provisional specification说明书摘要、文摘、摘要Abstract摘要附图、附图Drawing化学文摘Chemical Abstracts通知书副本Copy经认证的副本Certified copy检索报告国际检索报告最少限度检索文献minimum documentation证书、证Certificate、license发明人证书Author’s certificate、inventor’s certificate 实用证书、实用新型证书utility certificate专利证书Certificate of patent、letters patent许可证license当然许可证license of course混合许可证mixed license非独占性许可证non-exclusive license普通许可证simple license誓书、书面证词Affidavit增补证书Certificate of addition更正证明书Certificate of correction强制许可证Compulsory license交叉许可证cross license独占性许可证exclusive license排他性许可证sole license专利许可证patent license表勘误表correction slip反诉状counter pleadings起诉状pleadings资料data从属专利dependent patent证据evidence通知书审查员报告examiner’s report终局决定书final action专利局审查决定书office action公报Gazette、journal公开情报information in the public domain技术资料technical data册、书、报、卷专利登记册register of patents数据库Database客体-微观-文本（微）、文本项、数据项、条、款、项、栏中文英文申请文件原始申请文件修改文件概念Conception概念日期Conception date申请案文件Application documents、application papers著录项目著录资料Bibliographic data发明名称name of invention、title of invention权利要求书、权项Claim从属权项dependent claim说明书说明书摘要、文摘、摘要Abstract科学文摘Science Abstracts摘要附图、附图Drawing完整的说明书Complete specification完整的叙述Complete description通知书检索报告国际检索报告文件送达地址Address for service原产地名称Appellation of origin申请号Application number引证、引语、引述citation限制条款restricted conditions七、八、客体：专利相关概念、期限、权、责、费、制度、程序、决定、号、日期、原则中文英文权、权利Right知识产权intellectual property著作权专利权patent right专利所有权title to patent专利申请权专有权Exclusive right版权Copyright工业产权industrial property国民待遇national treatment邻接权neighboring rights责、义务、责任Duty、responsibility、obligation Burden of proof 举证责任专利Patent专利制度patent system基本专利Basic patent发明创造发明invention专利发明patented invention共同发明joint invention职务发明service invention实用新型utility model外观设计工业品外观设计industrial design注册商标registered trade mark商标trade mark日、期限Date期间、有效期duration申请日期、申请日Filling Date、Applicant Date 实际申请日期Effective Filling Date授予日期date of grant颁发日期date of issue专利日期date of patent公布日期date of publication专利有效期duration of patent宽限期grace period专利有效期period of a patent、term of a patent时效prescription概念日期Conception date公约期限convention period费、费用Fee申请费Applicant fee年费、养老金Annual fee、annuity维持费maintenance fee最低提成费minimum royalties版税专利权使用费royalty续展费renewal fee提成费royalties制度色码制Color coding专利制度patent system程序procedure抵触程序interference procedure冲突程序Conflict procedure保密申请、保密申请Confidential application保密情报Confidential information冲突裁定Conflict award完整的申请案Complete application优先权priority约优先权convention priority展览优先权exposition priority优先权声明priority claim号、标识ID国家代号country code产地标记indication of source著录资料识别码、INID ICIREPAT Numbers for the Identification of Data 国际专利分类、IPC International Patent Classification标记marking服务标记service mark专利号patent number盖章海报封印seal世界专利索引、WPI World Patent Index名称Name原产地名称appellation of origin证据evidence发明名称name of invention、title of invention厂商名称trade name原则principle先申请原则first-to-file principle先发明原则first-to-invention principle不可抗力force majeure性、属性、性能、特性专利性patentability工业实用性industrial applicability独创性inventive step、originality非显而易见性non-obviousness新颖性novelty发明单一性unity of invention缺陷公开不充分insufficient disclosure充分描述sufficiency of description科学发现scientific discovery不能取得专利的主题unpatentable subject matter 缺乏引用基础Lacks antecedent basis技术技术诀窍know-how先有技术，在先技术prior art先有技术水平state of the art技术协助technical assistance技术资料technical data方法method产品植物新品种new varieties of plants判例precedents领域、范围保护范围scope of protection九、行为-微观：动作中文英文提交请求Application审查Examination复审review仲裁Arbitration发明Invention侵权Infringement准许Allowance修改Amendment上诉Appeal诉讼litigation起诉litigate诉权standing转让Assignment反诉counterclaim辩护defenses公告publication公布publication发展development公开、披露disclosure分案division实施exploitation征用没收expropriation废除……expropriate sb of sth延缓推迟defer挪用征用窃用合适的appropriate仿造imitation控告impeachment改进improvement无效invalidation判决judgment因不行使而所致的消失，中止lapse许可证贸易licensing异议、反对Objection、opposition驳回异议Refusal、rejection授予专利权patenting撤销，取消，废除revocation先用prior use登记registration再分类reclassification复审reexamination补救remedy检索search签署signature继承succession审判trial行为-宏观：概念中文英文申请Application提交申请、提出申请filing of an application申请案的处理processing of an application专利申请Application for patent撤回申请withdrawal of an application审查Examination初步审查、初审实质审查、实审、实质性审查substantive examination复审新颖性审查examination for novelty形式审查formal examination放弃Abandon放弃专利权Abandonment of a patent放弃专利申请Abandonment of a patent application放弃权项disclaimer滥用、使用Abuse滥用专利权、滥用专利权动词名词Abuse of patent、misuse of patent实验性使用experimental use实施专利Exploitation of patent诉讼专利侵权诉讼Action for infringement of patent专利诉讼lawsuit of a patent泄密Breach of confidence防卫性公告defensive publication延迟审查deferred examination雇员发明employee’s invention职务发明service—invention creation间接侵犯indirect infringement延长专利期限extension of term of a patent授予专利权grant of a patent专利权的丧失loss of a patent侵犯infringement侵犯专利权infringement of a patent侵犯商标权infringement of a trade mark侵权通知notice of infringement不正当竞争unfair competition保护protection国际保护international protection防止不公平竞争prevention of unfair competition临时保护temporary protection声明、陈述优先权声明priority claim诉讼陈述statement of claim辩护陈述statement of defense意见陈述恢复恢复已放弃的申请revival of an abandoned application 恢复已终止的专利restoration of a lapsed patent技术转移technology transfer申请、申请案申请application冲突申请案conflicting applications继续申请continuation application部分继续申请案continuation-in-part application 公约申请convention application分案申请divisional application提出申请filing of an application外国专利申请foreign patent application原申请、母案申请parent application提交申请、提出申请filing of an application申请案的处理processing of an application专利申请Application for patent撤回申请withdrawal of an application专利外观设计专利design patent从属专利dependent patent支配专利domination patent经济专利economic patent期满专利expired patent已终止的专利lapsed patent实施专利exploitation of a patent改进专利improvement patent相互依存的专利interdependent patents专利独立independence of patents办法专利issue of a patent专利诉讼lawsuit of a patent主专利main patent、principal patent不实施专利non-use of a patent专利分类patent classification专利文献patent documentation专利文件patent documents同族专利patent families发明专利patent for an invention增补专利patent of addition确认专利patent of confirmation输入专利patent of importation引进专利patent of introduction小专利petty patent植物专利plant patent预告专利precautional patent方法专利，加工工艺process patent产品专利product patent登记专利registered patent再颁发专利reissue patent恢复已终止的专利restoration of a lapsed patent 撤销专利revocation of a patent机密专利secret patent物质专利substance patent用途专利use patent实施专利working of a patent。

俄罗斯专利对独立权利要求的定义俄罗斯专利法对独立权利要求（Independent Claims）的定义是一项针对专利申请中所要求保护对象的具体要求和范围的规定。

独立权利要求是指专利申请中要求对一项发明或创新技术的核心部分进行保护的声明。

根据《俄罗斯专利法》，独立权利要求包括两个方面：技术要求和法律要求。

首先，就技术要求而言，独立权利要求需要包括具体的技术特征，这些技术特征应当清晰地描述出发明的结构、构造或者作用的特征。

这些技术特征是专利权的重要组成部分，它们不仅限定了发明产生的技术效果，而且也限定了专利权的范围。

其次，就法律要求而言，独立权利要求需要满足专利法律所规定的几个基本要求。

首先，要求必须是实质性的，即具有技术特征并且具有实际应用价值的创造。

其次，要求必须是新颖的，即在申请日之前的先前技术中没有公开过的。

再次，要求必须具有创造性，即相对于现有技术而言，要求所揭示的技术解决方案不属于常识和常规的技术手段。

此外，独立权利要求还应当遵循以下几个原则。

首先，要求要做到明确、准确、规范和完整，以便于依据专利文件的内容来确定其保护范围。

其次，要求应当尽量避免引入过于宽泛的术语，以免模糊专利权的范围。

此外，要求还应当避免使用过于笼统的语言、模糊不清的功能要求、不必要的数目和过量的附加要求等。

有关独立权利要求的编写，专利法针对发明专利和实用新型专利有不同的要求。

对于发明专利，独立权利要求应当具有相对宽泛的范围，以便于确保能够全面保护发明的核心技术。

而对于实用新型专利，独立权利要求则相对窄小，仅限于突出实用新型的新颖和创造性之处。

此外，《俄罗斯专利法》还规定了关于独立权利要求的修改和撤回的程序。

在专利申请的审查过程中，申请人可以根据审查结果对独立权利要求进行修改，以满足法律要求和审查意见。

同时，如果申请人认为独立权利要求不再需要保护，也可以选择自愿放弃或者撤回。

总之，独立权利要求在俄罗斯专利法中被赋予了重要的地位。

权利要求书翻译Claims:1. A device for generating power from renewable energy sources, comprising:- at least one solar panel for converting sunlight into electrical energy;- at least one wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy;- a battery for storing excess electrical energy generated by the solar panel and wind turbine;- a power converter for converting the stored electrical energy into an alternating current (AC) suitable for use in an electrical grid;- a control unit for managing the power generation and distribution from the solar panel, wind turbine, battery, and power converter.2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the solar panel comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells arranged in an array to maximize sunlight absorption.3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine comprises a rotor and a generator that converts the rotational movement of the rotor into electrical energy.4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a smart grid interface for monitoring and controlling the power flow between the device and an electrical grid.5. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a weathermonitoring system for optimizing the power generation based on weather conditions.6. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a backup power supply for providing electrical energy in the event of a power outage.7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is programmed to prioritize the use of renewable energy sources over conventional grid electricity.8. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a wireless communication module for transmitting power generation and distribution data to a remote monitoring system.9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the power converter comprises an inverter to convert the stored electrical energy from direct current (DC) to AC.10. A method for generating power from renewable energy sources using the device according to claim 1, comprising:- capturing sunlight using the solar panel;- converting the captured sunlight into electrical energy using the solar panel;- capturing wind energy using the wind turbine;- converting the captured wind energy into electrical energy using the wind turbine;- storing excess electrical energy in the battery;- converting the stored electrical energy into AC using the power converter;- managing the power generation and distribution using the control unit.Note: This translation is provided for informational purposes only and is not legally binding.。

专利中常用的英语/thread-84506-1-1.html中华人民共和国国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China专利法实施细则"Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of The People's Republic of Chinathe Implementing Regulations of the Patent Law of the Penple's Republic of China"专利法Chinese Patent Law从属权利要求the dependent claim独立权利要求 The independent claim第一次审查意见通知书Notification of First Office Action 发出了审查意见通知书issues the Office Action第二次审查意见通知书正文Contents of Second Office Action附页Attached Pages意见陈述书abservation本通知书the present detailed action经审查After examination审查指南guidelines for patent examination审查员examiner/Authorized Officer替换页replacement sheets 修改页amendment sheets提前公布Request for Early Publication修改文本amended document修改页amendment sheets意见与建议comments and suggestions原说明书和权利要求书initial description and claims新颖性novelty创造性inventiveness实用性practical applicability申请号Application number申请人applicant说明书The description已授权专利Issued Patents专利权人patentee专利性patentability本领域熟知/公知it is well known to a person skilled in the art that背景技术description of related art必要技术特征essential technical features additional对比文件reference document常规技术"routine techniques/common knowledge"创造性劳动creative work等同特征equivalent feature发明内容summary of the invention技术方案technical solution技术领域field of the invention技术手段technical means技术特征 technical features 必要技术特征essential technical features技术问题technical problem明显或隐含公开expressly or impliedly disclose实施方案实施例embodiment上位概念generic term 下位概念specific term限定部分characterizing portion限定作有definitive effect下位概念specific term 上位概念generic term选择方案alternative solutions有益效果（unexpected） (advantages ) beneficial effects(results)主题subject matter eg.请求保护的主题and furthermore 由此可见thusin that 由于，在于也就是说"that is/in other words"Broadly 宽泛地讲同样/同理similarlyprocess 方法，过程，工艺这样in this way advantageous 有利的再如for another exampleas balance 余量在此基础上on this basis,in turn 则，反过来，而特别值得强调的是Deserve special emphasis isdisclose 公开see particularly 具体参见column XX, line XX XX栏，XX行contemplated 预期的，涉及，考虑范围内Also 并且cross-sectional views 截面图instead of 代替portions 一部分analogous to 类似particular example 具体例子result in 导致but alternatively 或corresponded to 一致still somewhat 在某种程度上about 约to 至Accordingly 因此in principle 原则上literature 文献in reality 事实上cautiously 小心地After characterization 表征之后disadvantage for 不利于term 术语impart 赋予subjected to 经过～，易于～，进行～employ 使用handling 操作overview 综述owing to 由于Nevertheless 然而superior to 优于Surprisingly 出人意料地mentioned 描述assume 采用per se 本身1980's 1980年代suitable 合适的suitably 相称地Similarly 同样地confer 提供give rise to 得到give 显示出delivering 提供regardless of 而不论benefits 益处performance 性能seeking to 试图convenience 便利性so also 因此so forth 等at times 有时absolutely imperative 绝对必要alternatively 或者substantially 基本上together with 以及～exerts 表现出develop 开发also 同样also covers 还包括likewise 同样conventional method 常规方法so that 因此，所以，以便followed by 然后，随后vice verse 反之亦然＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝particularly 特别是，尤其in particular 特别是in particular with 特别是more particularly 更特别地，更具体地especially 特别是specifically 具体地desirable 希望is desirable to 希望if desired 若需要，必要时desired 预期undesired 不希望if so desired 如果需要when desired 如果需要in addition 此外additionally 此外moreover 此外furthermore 此外，更进一步further 此外perferably 优选more perferably 更优选most preferably 最优选still more perferably 再优选particularly preferred 特别优选preference is given 优选less preferred 次优选example 实施例，实例specific examples 具体实例embodiment 实施方案therewith 随后thereby 从而，以whereby 其中wherein 其中thereto 其中applications 装置is applicable 使用is applicable to 适用typically 通常frequently 通常conventionally 通常among others 除了别的之外，其中among other properties 除其它性质之外in addition to 除了～之外，还except that XX 除了XXbesides 除了～之外，还cost effective 更加经济commercial XX 商品XXcommercial scale 商用规模are commercially available as XX 其在市场上的商品是XX commercially available 商购commercial formulatios 商用制剂marked as medicaments 作为药物上市optionally 任选地，选择性地,或者if appropriate 任选地，如果有的话if necessary 任选地if present 如果存在包含embrace不能够，不能的incapable从市场上购买得到 be purchased from the market 方式means基本相同的substantially the same提交submit包含embrace不能够，不能的incapable从市场上购买得到 be purchased from the market方式means基本相同的substantially the same提交submit包含embrace不能够，不能的incapable从市场上购买得到 be purchased from the market方式means基本相同的substantially the same提交submit两者能够适用于相同的技术领域，解决相同的技术问题，并具有相同的预期效果，则认为两者为同样的发明或者实用新型。

本人有如何进行英文专利翻译的资料，但是网站上传不了附件，所以只能以这种方式发给大家共享，希望对大家有用。

首先从权利要求部分开始，后续如果大家觉得有用，我会全部都放上来，谢谢！II.1 独立权利要求独立权利要求一般包括三大部份：1. 前序部份；2. 连接部份；及3. 特征部份。

其译法需以「一种」为开始，中文的第一个逗点之前常被视为前序部分，因此，在连接部分之前必须加一个逗点。

以下列出数种独立权利要求之实例及其译法以供参考：(1) "An apparatus for drying a liquid material comprising...."，请译为「一种干燥液体材料的设备(装置)，其包括……」，不要译成「一干燥液体材料的设备(装置)，其包括……」，亦不要译成「干燥液体材料的装置，其包括……」，也不要译成「一种装置，其干燥液体材料，其包括……」；总之，要使用「一种……」格式，以符合国家知识产权局的规定。

(2) "A surgery knife, comprising: a blade, provided with zig-zag edge; and a handle." 请译为「一种外科手术刀子，其包括：一刀片，其刃口为锯齿状；及一握把。

」上述独立权利要求中，前序部份为「一种外科手术刀子」，连接部份为「包括」，特征部份为「一刀片，其刃口为锯齿状；及一握把」。

此种独立权利要求的表达法在美国最普通且最常见，藉前序部份将申请专利的发明主题示出，以特征部份详述其主题的内容，并用连接部份将前序部份与特征部份相连。

(3) 上述申请专利的手术刀子亦可能藉另一种方式在独立权利要求中表达：" A surgery knife comprising a blade and a handle, characterized in that the edge of the blade is of zig-zag shape." 请将之译为「一种外科手术刀子，包含一刀片及一握把，其特征是：该刀片的刃口呈锯齿状。

浅析权利要求书的英译摘要：向海外申请知识产权保护时，一个关键环节是专利文件翻译。

其中，权利要求书是指专利发明要保护的内容，具有直接法律效力。

由于中外对权利要求书的要求不同，翻译时不仅要注意语言的转换，更要使翻译后的专利文件符合国际标准。

权利要求书主要由序言，过渡词，主体三部分组成，各部分特点不一，为翻译造成了一定难度。

通过实例探究权利要求书的英译，对实现专利国际化有一定促进意义。

关键词：专利文件；权利要求书；英译；国际标准0序言《知识产权强国建设纲要（2021-2035）》提出“深化与共建‘一带一路’国家和地区知识产权务实合作”。

随着高质量共建“一带一路”的持续推进，中国与“一带一路”沿线国家经贸往来日益密切，知识产权布局双向加强。

统计数据显示，2021年，中国企业在沿线国家专利申请公开量和授权量分别为8596件和 4711件，同比分别增长329.4%和 15.3%。

[1]我国向海外申请专利的幅度虽保持增长，但增幅较小，仍有很大提升空间。

尽管我国在知识产权国际化中处于弱势失衡状态[1],我国“走出去”的进程正在加快。

中国创新人才不断研发出各类创新成果，但由于大部分人产权意识较弱，版权盗用，假冒场频等乱象频出。

随着时代的发展，中国际地位逐渐提高，与世界的接轨使更多国人开始接触到专利。

近些年来，一些创新人才开始看重专利意识，并引领专利领域的发展与完善。

由于专利文献具有法律文件和科技文献的双重属性，其体现的语言特点就是，既具有科技文献用词简练、专业术语较多的特点，又具有法律文件严谨性的独特风格[2]。

科技文本的特点是信息性与客观性，可通过查找资料或相关语料库等实现基本翻译对等；而法律文本又具有准确性，复杂性，严谨性等特点，要求译者具有专业性，实现译文与原文的功能对等。

权利要求书直接具有法律效力，它的格式规范统一，用词规范严谨。

事实上，由于专利文献需要按照一定的格式进行撰写，这就促使专利文献的内容在布局上呈现大同小异，在语言上呈现多处相似的特点[3]392。

版权声 明本《专利词汇》是以汤宗舜、文希凯、蔡小鹏编写的《英汉、汉英知识产权词汇》为母版进行编辑，将英汉知识产权词汇限定在英汉专利词汇。

对专利领域外的词汇，比如与商标、著作权相关的词汇进行删除而编著成，本书内容更适合专利学习、工作者适用。

本书版权依然由汤宗舜、文希凯、蔡小鹏享有，友来有往对其进行从新编排以更适合专利领域。

如他人用于商业用途，请与权利人联系并取得授权。

MYSIPO·友来有往Aa set of articles成套物品(to) abandon a patent放弃专利(to) abandon an application放弃申请(to) abandon a right to a patent放弃取得专利的权利abandonment by failure to pay因未缴费而放弃abandonment by failure to prosecute因未依法进行而放弃abandonment of a patent专利权的放弃abandonment of a patent application专利申请的放弃abandonment of contest 争议的放弃abandonment of patent privileges 专利特权的放弃(to) abate the costs 减少费用；降低成本abbreviation 缩略语(to) abide the law 守法abode 生所abortive application 失败的申请abridgement 摘要，缩写本abridgement of patents专利说明书摘要absolute novelty 绝对新颖性absolute right 绝对的权利absolute exclusive license 绝对独占许可证abstract 摘要，文摘abstract of a patent application 专利申请的摘要abstract of invention 发明的摘要abstract of specification 说明书的摘要abstracts bulletin 文摘通报abstracts card 文摘卡片abstracts of disclosure 公开的文摘abuse of a right 权利的滥用abuse of intellectual property rights 知识产权的滥用abuse of monopoly 独占权的滥用abuse of patent 专利(权)的滥用acceptance of a specification 发明说明书的受理acceptance of an application 申请的授理access to technological advances 技术改进的获得access to the court 出席法院accessible to the public 公众能够得到的accession 人藏登记accession index 人藏（资料）索引accession number人藏登记号accidental use 偶然使用accidental use of a work 作品的偶然使用accordance of date of filling 申请日的给予accompanying drawings 附图accomplishment of a search 检索的完成according to law 根据法律according to substantive law 根据实体法account of profits 利润的说明accountant 会计师accounting 会计accounting division 会计部门accounting period 会计期间accounting report 会计报告accounting year 会计年度accrual of a right 权利的增加accrual fees 增加的费用accusation 起诉，控告(to) accuse 控告(to) accused 被告accuser 控告人acknowledgement in writing 书面承认acknowledgement of receipt 收到的通知acquired distinctiveness 后来获得的显著性acquired right 既得权利acquisition 获得acquisition of a patent 专利的获得acquisition of right 权利的获得acquisition of the right to a patent 专利权的获得act 行为act contrary to provisions 违反规定的行为act in suit 诉讼中的行为act of competition 竞争行为act of creation 创造行为act of exploitation 实施行为act of God 不可抗力act of law 法律行为act of procedure 程序行为act of unfair competition 不正当竞争行为act with malice 恶意行为action 诉讼，行为action and effect 行为和效果action for annulment 请求取消的诉讼action for cancellation 请求撤消的诉讼action for damages 请求赔偿损害的诉讼action for infringement of a patent 侵犯专利权的诉讼action for infringement of an industrial design 侵犯外观设计的诉讼action for injunction 请求禁令的诉讼action for nullity 请求宣告无效的诉讼action for revocation 请求撤销的诉讼action in default 缺席诉讼action in personam 对人诉讼action in rem 对物诉讼action for annulment of the trial decision 请求取消判决的诉讼actionable 可起诉的active 积极的actor 演员actual abandonment 实际的放弃actual characters printed实际印刷数字actual inventors 真实的发明人actual reduction to practice 实际付诸行动actual use 实际使用ad hoc group 临时小组adaptation of a work 改编作品adaptive translator 编译人adaptor 改编者adaptor’s rights 改编者的权利addition 附加，增加additional 附加的，增加的additional application 增补的申请additional costs 附加费用additional document 附加文件additional fee 附加费additional information 附加的信息additional invention附加的发明additional matter(in a patent application) 增补内容(在专利申请中)additional patent 增补专利additional rules 附加的规则additional search 追加的检索address 地址address for service 送达地址address of patentee 专利权人地址addressee 收信人(to) adduce witnesses 提出证人adjacent branch of technology 相邻的技术领域adjournment 延期(to) adjudicate 裁决adjudication裁决(to) adjust a patent litigation 调停专利诉讼(to) administer an oath 使人宣誓administration 管理，行政administration of licenses 许可证管理administrative authorities 管理机关，行政机关administrative authority for patent affairs 专利管理机关administrative case 行政案件administrative court 行政法院administrative disposition 行政处分administrative fees 管理费administrative law 行政法administrative measure 行政措施administrative laws and regulations 行政法规administrative penalty 行政处罚administrative procedure 行政程序administrative provisions 行政规定administrative reconsideration 行政复议administrative revocation 行政撤销administrative sanction 行政制裁administrator 管理人admissible alteration 可接受的更改admissibility of appeal 申诉可以接受admissibility of appeal on a point of law 法律问题申请可以接受admission 承认，认可(to) admit承认(to) admit the validity of an assignment承认转认的有效admitted to bar 取得律师资格advance in art 技术上有进展advance notice 预告advance order 预约，预定advance payment 预付金，定金advance payment of annual fees 预付年费advance payment of remuneration 预付报酬advance payment of royalty 预付版税或使用费advantage over prior art 优于现有技术adverse decision 不利的决定advertisement 广告advisory service 咨询服务advocate辩护人aesthetic creation 美术创作aesthetics 审美性affidavit 宣誓书affirmation 确认，证实(to) affix a patent marking on the patented product 在专利产品上缀附专利标记(to) afford protection for 向…提供保护after the expiration of time 期满以后against one’s will 违反意愿agency 代理，代理机构agency by appointment 指定代理agency by mandate 委任代理agent 代理人agent’s right 代理人的权利aggregate value of invention 发明的总价值aggregation 拼凑，聚集agreement 合同，协议agreement date 协议生效日agreement execution date协议生效日agreement for arbitration 仲裁合同agreement for assignment 转让合同agreement not to license others 不得向他人授予许可的协议(to) alienate a right 转让权利all right and title in…对…的所有权限allegation of a patent 专利的主张alleged new invention 宣称(未证实)的机关新发明(to) allow a claim 准许权利要求(to) allow an application 准许申请(to) allow an appeal 准许申诉alphabetical arrangement 按字顺排列alphabetical index 字顺索引alphabetical list of goods and services 商品和服务字顺目录表alteration of name in register 登记簿中姓名的变更altering without authorization 篡改alternative claim 可选择的权利要求(to) amend the claims in a patent application 修改专利申请说明书(to) amend the description in a patent application 修改专利申请说明书amend the drawings 修改附图amended classification 修改的分类表amended patent specification 修改的专利说明书amendment of a patent application 专利申请的修改amendment of application for patent allowed 已经准许的专利申请的修改amendment of claims 权利要求的修改amendment of non-voluntary license 非自愿许可证的修改amendment of patent claims 专利权利要求的修改amendment of patent specification 专利说明书的修改amount of compensation 补偿额,赔偿额amusement 娱乐analogous art 类似技术analogous process 类似工艺（方法）analogy 类推，推测analysis 分析ancillary rights 附属权利animal breed 动作品种annex 附录，附件annotation 注释annotator注释者annexation合并announcement公告announcement of the preliminary approval 审定公告annual contribution 每年（度）会费annual fees 年费annual maintenance fee of an application专利申请每年维持费annual minimum royalty 每年最低使用费annual set of patents 年度专利发明书annuity 年金，年费annulment 取消anonymous work 不署名作品，匿名作品answer to the opposition 异议答辩书anthology 选集anthology right 选集权Anti-Monopoly Law 反垄断法(to) anticipate an invention 占发明之先anticipate patent 占先的权利antitrust law 反垄断法aperture card 穿孔卡片apparatus claim 设备的权利要求(to) appeal against the judgment of court 对法院判决不服提出申诉(to) appeal against the decision of the comptroller 对专利局长决定不服提出申请appeal authority 申诉机关appeal court 上诉法院appeal fee 申诉费appeal from decision in the examination procedure 对宣告无效决定提出申诉appeal from decision of the nullity 申诉阶段appeal instance 申诉阶段appeal on points of law 就法律问题提出申诉appeal proceedings 申诉程序(to) appeal to law 诉诸法律(to) appeal to the board of arbitration 向仲裁委员会提出申诉(to) appeal to the court 向法院提出申诉appeal trial 上诉审判appeal tribunal 上诉法庭appealable 可申诉的appeals procedure 申诉程序(to) appear in court 出庭appellant 上诉人appellate court 上诉法院appellate judge 受理上诉的审判员appellation of origin 原产地名称appellee 被上诉人，被告appendix 附录applicability 适用性applicable area 适用领域applicable law 适用的法律applicant 申请人applicant for a patent 专利申请人applicant’s interview with an examiner 申请人与审查员的会晤applicant’s residence 申请人的住所application 申请，申请书，应用application abandoned 申请已放弃application amended 申请已修改application as filed 提出的申请application awaiting examination 待审查的申请application branch 申请处application date 申请日application deemed withdrawn 申请被视为撤回application division 申请处（科）application documents 申请文件application fee 申请费application for an independent patent 一项独立专利的申请application for a patent of addition 增补专利申请application for an auxiliary utility-model 辅助性实用新型申请application for design registration 外观设计注册申请application for a patent 专利申请application for a patent deemed abandoned 专利申请被视为放弃application for a petty patent 小专利申请application for prolongation 申请续展application for registration 申请恢复application for grant of a patent 申请授予专利权application for restoration 申请恢复application for a grant of an invention 申请授予专利权application for reissue of a patent 申请重新颁发专利application form 申请表application in home country 在本国申请application invention 应用发明application lapsed 已失效的申请application number 申请号application of the law法律的适用application refused 申请已被拒绝application regulations申请原则application withdrawn 申请已撤回applied art 实用艺术applied invention 就用发明applied technology 就用技术(to) apply for a deferment 申请延期(to) apply for a patent 申请专利appointed date 指定日appointment of a patent agent 专利代理人的委派appointment of a representative 代理人的委派appreciation of the invention merit 发明特征的鉴定appropriate protection of rights权利的适当适用apt for utility model protection 适于实用新型的保护Arabic figures 阿拉伯数字arbiter 仲裁人arbitration 仲裁arbitration clause 仲裁条款arbitration committee 仲裁委员会arbitration court 仲裁法院arbitrator仲裁员architecture works 建筑作品argument 论据(to) arrange patent claims 排列专利权利要求art 艺术，美术，技术art oriented 面向技术art to which an invention pertains发明所属技术领域article by article 逐条articles of daily uses 日用品article of food食品article of manufacture 制造品article to which the design is to be applied 使用外观设计的产品articles 物品articles of association 协会章程article of law 法律条款artist 艺术家artistic design 艺术设计artistic performers’ right 艺术表演者的权利artistic works 艺术作品as a matter of fact 事实上as vocation 作为职业assembly drawing 装配图(to) assert a claim 提出要求assessment 审定，确定assessment of a compensation 赔偿费的确定assessment of cost 费用的确定assets 财产，资产(to) assign a patent 转让专利assign an application 转让申请assignable可转让的assigned application 转让的申请assigned patent 已转让的专利assignee 受让人assigner 转让人assumed infringer 假定的侵权人assumed name 化名at the earliest date 最早日期at the petition of 依…的申请attached document 附加文件attached drawing 附图attendance 出席attendance at the hearing 出席听证(to) attest 证明attestation 证明，证据attested translation 证文的译文attorney 律师，代理人attorney in law律师attorney in fact 代理人（指在法庭上）authentic 真正的author 作者author of a design 外观设计的设计人author of an invention 发明人authorization to disclose an invention 准许公开发明的内容authorization to import the patented product 进口专利产品的许可authorization to make the patented product 制造专利产品的许可authorization to sell the patented product 销售专利产品的许可authorization to use the patented product 使用专利产品的许可authorized 授权authorized agent授权的代理人authorized in a suit 在诉讼中授权author’s right 作者权利available 可能得到的，现有的avoidance of misrecognition 避免失误award of damages损害赔偿的判定Bback view 背面图backfile conversion(BACON) 过档文献的转换background 背景background art背景技术background claim 背景式权利要求background music 背景音乐background of the invention发明的背景bad faith 恶意bankrupt 破产bankruptcy of patentee 专利权人的破产bar 律师业界Bar Association 律师协会bar of patentability 专利性的障碍bar to patent grant 批准专利的障碍bar to patenting 取得专利的障碍bargaining position 谈判地位barriers to legitimate trade 合法贸易的障碍barrister 律师(英国)base substance 基础物质basic application 基本申请basic patent 基本专利basic license 基础许可证basic remuneration基本报酬basic deduction 基本扣除(to) against the law 违反法律behavior of using a work 作用作品的行为belated opposition 延误的异议beneficial interest 有益的利害关系beneficialness 有益性beneficiary 受益人benefit 利益benefit of invention 发明的利益benefit of priority 优先(权)的利益benefit of the right of priority优先权的利益Berne Union 伯尼尔联盟best effort 最大努力best evidence 最有利证据best mode 最佳方式best mode for carrying out an invention实施发明的最佳方式best operative example 最佳实施例bibliographic data of a patent document 专利文献的著录数据bibliographic identification 著录识别bibliographic information 著录信息bibliographic searches 著录项目检索bibliography 书目，参考文献bill of costs 费用清单bill of exchange 汇票binding agreement 有约束力的协议binding declaration 有约束力的声明biological patent 生物专利biological products 生物制品blocking-off patent 阻碍性专利blood relation 血缘关系blueprint 蓝图board of appeals 申诉委员会board of appeals of patent interferences 专利抵触案件委员会board of arbitration 仲裁委员会board of examiners-in chief 审查长委员会board of patent interferences 专利抵触委员会board of review 复审委员会board of settlement 清算委员会bona fide effort 真诚的努力bona fide use 善意使用bona fides 善意，真诚bonus tax 奖金税book club 图书俱乐部book-club edition图书俱乐部版本bookbinding 装订books in print 在销售中的图书bottom view 底面图branch office 分号，分社，分店branch of technology 技术领域branded 有标记的branded articles 标有商标的物品branded goods标有商标的货物breach of agreement 违反协议breach of confidence 违反信任关系breach of contract 违反合同breach of faith 背信breach of law 违法breach of license 违反许可证breach of rules 违反规则breach of trust 背信breach of warranty 违反保证breadth of claim 权利要求的宽度(to) break the law 犯法breakdown 损坏，故障brief description of an invention 发明的简要说明brief explanation of drawings附图的简要说明(to) bring an action起诉(to) bring an action against 对..提起诉讼broad claim 广义权利要求(to) broaden the scope of protection扩大保护的范围broken line 虚线broker 经纪人bulletin 公报burden of proof 举证责任business activity 营业活动business income 企业收入business procedure of the patent office专利局事务处理程序business proprietor 企业主business result 营业结果buyer’s market 买方市场by-laws 条例(to) bypass a patent 绕过一个专利by post 邮寄by reason of non-payment 以未付款为理由by way of exception 作为例外Ccalculating of periods 期间(周期)的计算calendar 历书(to) cancel 取消(to) cancel a contract 取消合同(to) cancel a patent 取消专利权cancellation of a patent 专利权的取消cancellation of claims 权利要求的取消cancellation of a judgment 判决的取消cancellation of utility model 实用新型的取消capacity 能力capacity of civil conduct 民事行为能力capacity for civil rights 民事权利能力capacity to sue 诉讼能力capital 资本caption 说明文字,字幕carrier 载体(to) carry into effort 实施(to) carry on a lawsuit 进行诉讼(to) carry out 完成,实施(to) carry out an examination 进行审查case 案件,案例,事例case law 判例法case concluded 结案catalog 目录,清单catch-all claim 包括一切的权利要求catchword index of the international patent classification《国际专利分类表关键词索引》categories of patent protection 专利保护的类别categories of tax 税种categories of an invention 发明的类型cause of action诉讼原因censorship检索，审查center line 中心线Central Patent Index(CPI) 《中心专利索引》centralization 集中centralized system of intellectual property rights recordation 知识产权中央记录系统certificate of addition 增补（发明）证书certificate of authorship 发明者证书certificate of authorship of invention 发明人证书certificate of birth 出生证明certificate of nationality 国籍证明书certificate of non-service invention 非职务发明证明certificate of registration 注册证certificate of working 实施证明书certification 证明certified copy 经认证的副书（文本）certified translation 经证明的译本certified true copy 经证明的正本(to) certify 证明cessation 终止cession 让与cession of a patent 专利权的让与chamber of appeal 申诉委员会chamber of ownership 所有权的变更change in a patent 专利中的变更change of address地址的变更change of gist 要旨的变更change of name 名称的变更change of owner by decease 所有人因死亡的变更change of owner of the international registration 国际注册所有人的变更change of the shape of an invention 外观设计的变更characteristic portion 特征部分characteristic of technology commodity 技术特征部分charge 费用，使用费，手续费(to) check against the authoritative text 校对(与权威文本对照)(to) check an application 检查申请（文件）(to) the translation against the original 校译Chemical Abstracts 《校译》chemical action 化学作用chemical invention 化学发明chemical patent index 化学专利索引chief judge 首席法官China Standard Book Number 中国标准书号circuit court 巡回法院circulate a notice 通报circumventing invention 迂回发明circumventing patent 迂回专利circumventing 迂回citation 引用，引证citation from a book 从书中引用citation in an international search report 国际检索报告中的引证citation of a reference 参考文献的引用(to) cite printed publication against the application 引用出版物来反对申请cited patent documents 引用的专利文献cited references 引用文献civil 民事的civil action 民事诉讼Civil Code 民法典civil court 民事法院civil judgment 民事判决civil jurisdiction 民事管辖权civil law 民法civil legal relationship 民事法律关系civil liability 民事责任civil liability 民事诉讼法civil procedure law 民事诉讼法civil suit民事诉讼civilization 文化claim(claims) 权利要求(书)(to) claim an invention 要求对发明的所有权(to) claim authorship 声明作者身份claim for damages 补偿的要求claim for protection 保护的要求claim of indemnification 赔偿的要求(to) claim priority 要求优先权claim relating to a new substance 有关新物质的权利要求claim right 请求权claim supported by the description 以说明书为依据的权利要求(to) claim the right of priority要求优先权claim to priority 对优先权的要求claimant 提出要求的人claimed in a patent 要专利中要求保护的claimed invention 要求保护的专利claimer 请求人,索赔人claiming ownership 要求承认所有权claims fee 权利要求费class 类，类目class in the international patent classification 国际专利分类表中的类目class index 小类索引class of articles 物品的类别class of goods商品的类别class of plants植物的类别classification 分类法，分类classification according to the IPC 按国际专利分类表(IPC)的分类classification definition 分类定义classification of inventions 发明的分类classification of patents 专利的分类classification of subject matter 主题的分类classification of the applications filed 申请的分类classification symbol 分类号classification system 分类体系classified files 分类文档(to) classify 分类(to) classify patent applications对专利申请的分类classify patents 对专利分类classifying rules 分类规则clause of export restriction 出口限制条款clause of improvement restriction 改进限制条款clause of restrictive publicity限制宣传条款clause of restrictive use of competitive technologies 限制使用竞争技术条款clause of applicable law 法律使用的条款clear and concise claim 清楚、简明的权利要求clear description 清晰的说明clerical error 笔误client 委托人clockwise 顺时针的co-applicants 共同申请人co-grantees 共同专利权人co-inventors 共同发明人co-ownership 共有人co-proprietors共同所有人co-users 共用人co-works 合作作品code法典，代码code name 代码名称code of criminal procedure 刑事诉讼法典code of civil procedure 民事诉讼法典code of law 法典coder 编码器，编码人cogent provision 抵触的权利要求cognate applications 强行规定cognate inventions 同族（专利）的申请coheirs 共同继承人co-inventor 共同发明人collate 核对，校对collator核对者，较对者collect fees 收费collected works 作品集collection 馆藏collection of works 作品集collective authors 集体作者collective administration of copyright 版权的集体管理collective agreement 集体协议collective mark 集体商标collective ownership 集体所有制collective responsibility 集体责任collective work 集体作品collective owned enterprise 集体所有企业colliding claims 抵触的权利要求combinations of design 外观设计的组合combined mark 组合商标combined trademark组合商标come within the scope of 进入..的范围(to) come into force生效(to) commence a suit 开始诉讼commencement of procedure 程序的开始commencement of the duration of a patent 专利权期限的开始comment(s) 注释,说明,评论commercial code 商法典commercial court 商事法院commercial exploitation 商业上利润commercial know how 商业决窍commercial law 商法commercial partnership 商业合伙commercial usage商业惯例(to) commission an author to write a manuscript 约稿commissioned 受托的commissioned judge 受命法官commissioned works 委托作品commissioner （专利）局长commodity 商品commodity category list 商品类别表commodity economy 商品经济commodity of the same classification同类商品common invention 普通发明common law 普通法，习惯法common law copyright普通法版权common name普通名称common patentee 共同专利权人common property 共同财产common technician 普通技术员common use 普通用途communication 传递，通信communication of works 作品的传播communication to the public向公众传播community patent （欧洲）共同体专利compensation 补偿，赔偿compensation for damages 损害赔偿compensation money赔偿金compensation of damage 损害的赔偿compensation of loss 损失的赔偿competence of the patent division专利处的权限competent person 有资格的人competing technology 竞争性技术competition 竞争competition law 竞争法competition clause 竞争性条款competitor 竞争者compilation right汇编权compilation works 汇编作品，编辑作品(to) compile 选编complaint 异议complete application 完整的申请complete patent specification完整的专利说明书complete description完整的说明complete specification 完整的说明书completion 完成，结束complex priority 复合优先权complying with the formal requirements符合形式要求compose 作曲composed of 构成composer 作曲者composition of matter 组合物compound 化合物comprehensive description 综述comprising 包括compulsory execution 强制执行compulsory license 强制许可compulsory license processing 强制许可程序compulsory use 强制许可compulsory working of a patent 专利的强制许可computer-made work 计算机制造的产品computer program license 计算机程序许可证computer programs 计算机程序computer programmer 计算机程序编制者computer search 计算机检索computer software 计算机软件computer system计算机系统computerization 计算机化computerized data base 计算机化数据库computerized use 计算机处理conception构思conception date （发明）构思日期conciliation 调停，调解(to) conclude a written license contract 订立书面许可合同conclusion of examination 审查的终结conclusion of trial examination审查终结concurrent application 同时提出的申请conditions and warranties 条件和保证conditions of patentability 专利性条件(to) confer protection 给予保护conference document 会议文件confidential 机密的confidential agreement 保密协议confidential application 机密申请confidential disclosure 机密公开confidential information 保密信息confidential nature of an application 申请的保密性confidential papers 秘密文件confidentiality 保密confidentiality of technology contract 技术合同的保密性configuration 形状confirmation 确认,证实confirmation of patent 确认专利conflict of applications 申请的抵触conflict of proceedings 抵触程序conflict of prior rights 与在先优先权冲突conflicting application 抵触的申请conflicting patents 抵触的专利conflicting rights 抵触的权利confusing 容易混同的connection diagram 连接图consent of the author 作者的许可conservation of evidence 证据的保存conservation measures of litigation 诉讼中的保全措施considerable improvement upon the prior art 对已有技术的相当大的改进consideration 报酬,(合同中的对价)consisting essentially of 主要由…组成consisting of 组成consolidated application 合并申请constituents of an invention 发明的构成部分constriction of a contract 对合同的解释construction of articles 物品的构造construction of technical terms 术语的解释(to) consult a patent agent 向专利代理人咨询consultant engineer 顾问工程师consultancy arrangement咨询协议consulting firm咨询公司consulting service 咨询服务contest a judgment 对判决提出争议contested claims 有争议的权利要求continental legal approach 大陆法律处理方法continuation application 继续申请continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请continuing application 继续申请continuous line 实线contract 合同contract document 合同文件contract for entrusting technical development 委托开发合同contract for joint development 合作开发合同contract for scientific and technological cooperation 科技协作合同contract of work 承包合同contract of arbitration 仲裁合同contract of exchange 交换合同contract of patent assignment 专利转让合同contract of publication出版合同contract of technical development 技术开发合同contract of technology transfer 技术转移合同contract of transfer of a patent application 专利申请的转移合同contracting party 缔约方contracting country 缔约国contracting state缔约国contractor 承包人contractual obligations 合同义务contractual relation 合同关系contractual specification 合同说明书contractual relationship 合同关系contrary to law 违反合同contrary to morality 违反道德contrary to public order 违反公共秩序contrary to public safety违反公共安全contravention 违反，抵触contributory infringement 参与侵权，间接侵权convention 公约convention application 按照（巴黎）公约的申请converted application 转换的申请convention of application 申请的转换cooperation 合同，协作coordinates 座标co-pending applications 同时待审的申请copy 副本copy an invention 仿制某一发明(to) correct an application 改正申请(to) correct an error 改正错误correct within a definite time 在期限内改正correction of application 申请的改正correction of drawings 附图的改正correction of errors 错误的改正corresponding patent search 相应的申请或专利corroboration of an inventor 发明人的确证cost 成本，经费，费用costs of suit 诉讼费costs of trail 审判费用counsel律师，辩护人counter argument 抗辩counter evidence 反证counter examination反讯问counter offer 还价counter suit 反诉counterfeit 假冒的counterfeit a patent 假冒专利counterfeiting 假冒counting 计算countries not forming part of the union 非联盟国家countries of the union 联盟国countries which are not parties to the convention 非公约缔约国country code国家代码country of first publication 首次出版国country of importation输入国，进口国country of origin 原产国，（作品的）来源国country of priority 优先权国家country where protection is claimed 被要求给予保护的国家court 法院court action法院诉讼court clerk 法院书记员court decision 法院判决court of appeal 上诉法院court of claims 索赔法院court of the first instance 第一审法院court of the highest instance 终审法院covenant not to sue 不起诉条款cover design 封面设计cover designer 封面设计者creation 创作creation of technical idea 技术构思的产生creation of works 作品的创作creator 设计人creator of a design 外观设计的设计人crime 犯罪criteria of patentability 专利性的标准criteria of invention 发明的标准criterion of the quality of goods 货物critical date 关键日期cross claim 交叉的权利要求cross license 交叉许可证cross section 部面图，横断面cross-section area横断面积curved line曲线customized software 专用软件，用户软件cutting plane line 切断线，截断线cycle search method 循环检索法Ddaily necessaries 日用必须品damage 损害damages 损害赔偿(费)damages adequate to compensate for injury 足以补偿损害的赔偿damages for infringement 侵权的损害赔偿(费)damages payable to the injured 应付给受害人的损害赔偿(费)danger of confusion of trademarks 商标混淆的危险database bureaus 数据库服务公司date of application 申请日date of commencement 开始日date of commencement of the main patent 主专利的开始日date of display陈列日date of entry 登记日date of execution执行日date of expiration 期满日date of expiry 届满日date of filling 申请日date of first publication 首次出版日date of grant 授权日期date of issue 颁证日date of issue of a patent 专利证书颁发日期date of mailing 邮寄日date of patent 专利授予日date of printing 印刷日date of publication 公布日期date of receipt 收到日date of the actual completion of the international search国际检索实际完成日date of the grant of a patent 专利权授予日date stamp 日期戳day of grace 宽限日day of issue 发证日deception 欺骗deceptive 欺骗的deceptive advertising 欺骗性的广告deceptive intention 欺骗性意图deceptive mark 欺骗性的商标(to) decide in favor of 作有利于…的决定(to) decide on the appeal 对申诉条件决定(to) decide without a previous hearing 未经事前听审而决定deciding court 作出决定的法院decision 决定，审定decision by majority 以多数作出的决定decision by the court below 下级法院的决定decision concerning the correction 关于改正的决定decision of grant 授予的决定decision of opposition 异议的决定decision of rejection 驳回的决定decision of the examination department 审查部的决定decision of patent division 专利处的决定decision of the patent tribunal 专利法庭的判决decision on the merits of a case 对案件是非的决定decision on the substance of the case 对案性实质的决定decision evidence 确证decision proof 确证decisive reasons 决定性的理由decisive testimony 决定性的证词declaration 声明declaration given to the employee 对雇员的声明declaration judgment 宣示性判决declaration of assignment 转让的声明declaration of intent to use a mark declaration of inventorship 关于发明人的声明declaration of non-infringement 非侵权的声明declaration of nullity无效的声明declaration of priority 优先权的声明declaration of refusal of protection 拒绝保护的声明declaration of withdrawal 撤回的声明declaratory judgment 宣示性判决declassified document 解密的文件declassified patent 解密的专利(to) decline an application 拒绝申请declining of amendment 修改的驳回decomposition 分解decoration装饰decorative art 装饰艺术deed 证书，契约deed of assignment 转让契据deed of contract 合同文据deed of conveyance 财产让与证书defamation 诽谤default 缺席default of appearance缺席defect缺点，缺陷defect of form 格式的缺陷defects of an application 申请的缺陷defendant 被告defendant in an infringement suit 侵权诉讼案的被告defendant in appeal cases 上诉案的被告defense 辩护defense of a right 权利的辩护defense of protective rights 保护权的辩护defense of the patent 对专利权的辩护defensive application 防御性的申请defensive publication 防御性的公开defensive publication program 防御性的公开程序deferment 延期deferment of a fee延期付费deferred examination (of a patent application) 延期审查（专利申请）deferred sum延付金额deficiencies 缺陷deficiencies censured(criticized) by the examiner 审查员指责的缺陷deficiencies not censured 未指出的缺陷(to) define the limits of the protection claimed 确定要求保护的范围definition限定，定义(to) defraud 欺骗，诈取(to) defraud the inventor of his award 诈取发明人的奖金defrayment 支付，付款delay 迟缓，延期delay in issue 延迟颁发（专利证书）delay in sealing 延迟盖印（专利证书）(to) delay payment of fees 延迟缴费(to) delay payment of the official fees延迟支付法定费用(to) delay answer 延迟答复delayed action 延迟诉讼delayed examination 推迟的审查delayed filling 延迟申请delayed payment 延迟付费(to) delegate 授权(to) delegate authority to an agent 对代理人的授权delegated judge 受权的审判员delimiting from prior art 根据现有技术限。

知识产权术语表A原产地名称（APPELLATION OF ORIGIN）[商标－不正当竞争]。

产品的原产地以及特定地理条件和生产方法所导致的产品特征。

有些人把原产地名称与"来源标识"(Indication of Source)区别开来，把后者专门用于指原产地。

洛克福特乳酪（Roquefort cheese）是原产地名称的一个例子，因为它既指原产地，也指产品特征。

而"巴黎"香水是来源标识，即仅指产地。

"地理命名"（Geographic Demomination）则涵盖上述两个范畴。

转让（ASSIGNMENT）[专利－商标－著作权]。

知识产权的转移。

例如，在专利转让中，由于转让了充份的权利，受让方承接了专利的产权。

转让可以是全部专有权利的转移，也可以是一部份未分割权利的转移（如百分之五十的利益），或者局限于某个特定区域的全部权利的转移（如仅在美国某个地区）。

少于以上的权利转移叫做"特许"(license)。

音像作品（Audiovisual Work）[著作权]。

属于可申请著作权的作品，其组成部份是旨在以机器展示的系列图像及伴随音响。

在展销说明、课堂教学以及博物馆介绍中使用的幻灯片即为一例。

作者（Author）[著作权]。

创作著作权作品的个人或雇人创作著作权作品的雇主或公司。

就某些类型的作品而言，还包括创作委托人。

在著作权法律中，"作者"不但包括小说、戏剧及论文的作者，还包括计算机程序的创作者、参考资料的编篡者、舞蹈设计者、摄影者、石像雕塑者、壁画画家、歌曲作者、声音录制者、以及将书籍从一种语言翻译到另一种语言的人。

（参见"职务作品"与"共同作者"）。

B《伯尔尼公约》（Berne Convention）[著作权－国际]。

最重要的著作权多边条约，于1886年在瑞士伯尔尼签署。