外文翻译范例

外文文献翻译格式范例本科毕业设计（外文翻译）外文参考文献译文及原文学院信息工程学院专业信息工程（电子信息工程方向）年级班别 2006级（4）班学号 3206003186学生姓名柯思怡指导教师 ______ 田妮莉 _ __2010年6月目录熟悉微软SQL Server (1)1Section A 引言 (1)2Section B 再谈数据库可伸缩性 (4)3Section C 数据库开发的特点 (7)Get Your Arms around Microsoft SQL Server (9)1Section A Introduction to SQL Server 2005 (9)2Section B Database Scalability Revisited (13)3Section C Features for Database Development (17)熟悉微软SQL Server1 Section A 引言SQL Server 2005 是微软SQL生产线上最值得期待的产品。

在经过了上百万个邮件，成百上千的规范说明，以及数十次修订后。

微软承诺SQL Server 2005 是最新的基于Windows数据库应用的数据库开发平台。

这节的内容将指出SQL Server 2005产品的一些的重要特征。

SQL Server 2005几乎覆盖OLTP及OLAP技术的所又内容。

微软公司的这个旗舰数据库产品几乎能覆盖所有的东西。

这个软件在经过五年多的制作后，成为一个与它任何一个前辈产品都完全不同的产品。

本节将介绍整个产品的大部分功能。

当人们去寻求其想要的一些功能和技术时，可以从中提取出重要的和最感新区的内容，包括SQL Server Engine 的一些蜕变的历史，以及各种各样的SQL Server 2005的版本，可伸缩性，有效性，大型数据库的维护以及商业智能等如下：●数据库引擎增强技术。

SQL Server 2005 对数据库引擎进行了许多改进，并引入了新的功能。

Single chip brief introductionThe monolithic integrated circuit said that the monolithic micro controller, it is not completes some logical function the chip, but integrates a computer system to a chip on. Summary speaking: A chip has become a computer. Its volume is small, the quality is light, and the price cheap, for the study, the application and the development has provided the convenient condition. At the same time, the study use monolithic integrated circuit is understands the computer principle and the structure best choice.The monolithic integrated circuit interior also uses with the computer function similar module, for instance CPU, memory, parallel main line, but also has with the hard disk behave identically the memory component7 what is different is its these part performance is opposite our home-use computer weak many, but the price is also low, generally does not surpass 10 Yuan then Made some control electric appliance one kind with it is not the 'very complex work foot, We use now the completely automatic drum washer, the platoon petti-coat pipe: VCD and so on Inside the electrical appliances may see its form! It is mainly takes the control section the core part.It is one kind of online -like real-time control computer, online -like is the scene control, needs to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is also and the off-line type computer (for instance home use PC,) main differenceThe monolithic integrated circuit is depending on the procedure, and may revise. Realizes the different function through the different procedure, particularly special unique some functions, this is other component needs to take the very big effort to be able to achieve, some are the flowered big strength is also very difficult to achieve. One is not the very complex function, if develops in the 50s with the US 74 series, or the 60s's CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric circuit certainly arc a big PCB board ! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US puts in the market the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference. Because only the monolithic integrated circuit compiles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence, high efficiency, as well as redundant reliability The CPU is the key component of a digital computer. Its purpose is to decode instruction received from memory and perform transfers, arithmetic, logic, and control operations with data stored in internal registers, memory, or I/O interface units. Externally, the CPU provides one or more buses for transferring instructions, data, and control information to and from components connected to it. A microcontroller is present in the keyboard and in the monitor in the generic computer; thus these components are also shaded. In such microcontrollers, the CPU may be quite different from those discussed in this chapter. The word lengths may be short, the number of registers small, and the instruction sets limited. Performance, relatively speaking, is poor, but adequate for the task. Most important, the cost of these microcontrollers is very low, making their use cost effective.Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost is sensitive, therefore present occupies the dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly language7 it was except the binary machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use?Why high-level did the language already achieve the visualization programming level not to use? The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit docs not have home computer such CPU, and also has not looked like the hard disk such mass memory equipment. Inside even if a visualization higher order language compilation script only then a button, also will achieve several dozens K the sizes! Does not speak anything regarding the home use PC hard disk, but says regarding the monolithic integrated circuit cannot accept. The monolithic integrated circuit in the hardware source aspect's use factor must very Gao Caixing, therefore assembly, although primitive actually massively is using, Same truth, if attains supercomputer's on operating system and the application software home use PC to come up the movement, home use PC could also not withstand.It can be said that the 20th century surmounted three "the electricity" the time, namely the electrical time, the Electronic Age and already entered computer time. However, this kind of computer, usually refers to the personal computer, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the keyboard, the monitor and so on is composed. Also has a kind of computer, most people actually not how familiar. This kind of computer is entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical monolithic integrated circuit (also to call micro controller). , This kind of computer's smallest system only has used as the name suggests a piece of integrated circuit, then carries on the simple operation and the control. Because its volume is small, usually hides in is accused the machinery "the belly". It in the entire installment, plays is having like the human brains role, it went wrong, the entire installment paralyzed. Now, this kind of monolithic integrated circuit's use domain already very widespread, like the intelligent measuring appliance, the solid work paid by time control, the communication equipment, the guidance system, the domestic electric appliances and so on, Once each product used the monolithic integrated circuit, could get up causes the effect which the product turned to a new generation, often before product range crown by adjective---- ‘intelligence’, like intelligence washer and so on. Now some factory's technical personnel or other extra-curricular electronic exploiter do certain products, are not the electric circuit are too complex, is the function is too simple, and is imitated extremely easily. Investigates its reason, possibly on card, in the product has not used on the monolithic integrated circuit or other programmable logical component.。

本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译译文学生姓名：院（系）：经济管理学院专业班级：市场营销0301班指导教师：完成日期：2007年3 月22 日日本的分销渠道——对于进入日本市场的挑战与机会Distribution Channels in JapanChallenges and Opportunities for theJapanese Market Entry作者：Hokey Min起止页码：P22-35出版日期（期刊号）：0960-0035出版单位：MCB Univercity Press外文翻译译文：介绍尽管美国对日本的出口在过去两年已有大幅度的增长，然而美国对日本仍然存在着很大的贸易赤字。

尽管没有出现下降趋势，但越来越多的美国决策者及商务经理已经开始审查日本的贸易活动。

在这些人中，有一个很普遍的想法就是日本市场没有对美国产品开放，相反，美国市场对日本的贸易是开放的。

因此，克林顿政府试图采取强硬措施来反对日本的一系列贸易活动，包括商业习惯和政府政策，还企图通过贸易制裁的威胁来反对日本产品。

然而，这样的措施也会产生适得其反的结果。

它不仅会为美国消费者带来更高的商品价格和更少的商品选择，同时也会增加日本消费者的反美情绪。

最近Ginkota和Kotabe的调查表明：单独的贸易谈判不会提高美国商品进入日本市场的能力。

而对于提高美国公司进入日本市场能力的一个行之有效的方法就是研究日本近几个世纪以来所采用的商业活动。

由于法律障碍或者是日本公司对外封锁商业渠道，日本当地的分销渠道往往对外国公司不利，而这样的商业活动被认为是进入日本市场的主要障碍。

事实上，Yamawaki美国商品成功出口到日本市场在很大程度上取决于美国解决协议合同的能力。

尽管进入日本市场意义重大，然而对西方人而言，日本的经销体系经常会被人误以为是充满神秘感的。

这种误解源于日本复杂的分销惯例特征。

而这种分销惯例沿袭古老的而又严谨的建设体系。

在尝试美国贸易在日本市场成功获利减少不必要的贸易冲突过程中，我们揭露了日本分销中获利的事实，探索出了能成功进入日本市场的战略性武器。

Human resource management more and more drives value. Under the system that economy development mature, human resource management have to match with fight for the best resources performance, if out of character of the manpower form couples out of character of post, the resources performance be not only whole have no, or may have already exhaust. The modern economy stress balance and match, promote management effect and quality vegetable, will human resource match with make balance, the inside contents establish human resource structure frame, use most in keeping with of the person do most in keeping with of work. Establishment human resource terrace is a communication and collection information way, everyone's opinion comprehensive, give up short take long, with processing salary, welfare etc. affair. Human resource most the importance be a training and development, human resource development have to investment at training aspect, with exertive each stratum of human resource potential.人力资源管理愈来愈被重视。

Environmental problems caused by Istanbul subway excavation and suggestionsfor remediation伊斯坦布尔地铁开挖引起的环境问题及补救建议Ibrahim Ocak Abstract：Many environmental problems caused by subway excavations have inevitably become an important point in city life. These problems can be categorized as transporting and stocking of excavated material, traffic jams, noise, vibrations, piles of dust mud and lack of supplies. Although these problems cause many difficulties,the most pressing for a big city like Istanbul is excava tion,since other listed difficulties result from it. Moreover, these problems are environmentally and regionally restricted to the period over which construction projects are underway and disappear when construction is finished. Currently, in Istanbul, there are nine subway construction projects in operation, covering approximately 73 km in length; over 200 km to be constructed in the near future. The amount of material excavated from ongoing construction projects covers approximately 12 million m3. In this study, problems—primarily, the problem with excavation waste(EW)—caused by subway excavation are analyzed and suggestions for remediation are offered.摘要：许多地铁开挖引起的环境问题不可避免地成为城市生活的重要部分。

本科毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献译文及原文学院自动化学院专业电气工程及其自动化（电力系统自动化方向）年级班别2011级3班学号学生姓名指导教师2015年3月10日通过对磁场的分析改进超高压变电站扩展连接器的设计Joan Hernández-Guiteras a, Jordi-Roger Ribaa,⇑, LuísRomeralba UniversitatPolitècnica de Catalunya, Electrical Engineering Department, 08222 Terrassa, Spainb UniversitatPolitècnica de Catalunya, Electronic Engineering Department, 08222 Terrassa, Spain摘要：在世界上很多的国家，电力需求的增长比输电容量的发展更快。

由于环境的限制、社会的担忧以及经济上的投入，建设新的输电线路是一项严峻的挑战。

除此以外，输电网经常要承担接近额定容量的负载。

因此，提高输电系统的效率和可靠性受到了关注。

这项研究主要针对一个400KV，3000A，50Hz的超高压变电站扩展连接器，用于连接两个母线直径均为150mm的变电站。

该变电站连接器是一个四线制的铝导线，为母线之间的相互电能传输提供了路径。

前期的初步试验显示：电流在输电线路中的不平衡分布，主要是受到了距离的影响。

应用一个三维的有限元素法，可以改进设计，以及对改进前后两个版本的连接器的电磁性能和热性能进行评估比较。

这份报告中将提出：在实验室条件下的检验已经验证了仿真方法的准确性。

这也许将会是促进变电站连接器设计进程的一个很有价值的工具。

因此，将不仅仅提高其热性能，还将提高其可靠性。

关键词：变电站连接器、超高压、电力传输系统、有限单元法、数值模拟、临近效应、热学分析1.引入全球能源需求的频繁增长，连同分散的和可再生能源份额的增长促进超高压和特高压电力传输系统[1]的建设和研究。

西安欧亚学院本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译译文学生姓名：蔡阳分院（系）：信息工程学院专业班级：通信工程0701指导教师：赵雨完成日期：2011 年1 月5 日不能触碰这个—无线电力传输Can't Touch This—Wireless power transmission作者：Bill Weaver, Ph.D.起止页码：出版日期（期刊号）：2006年10月25日出版单位：（以上文字用小4号宋体，数字、字母用Times New Roman体）外文翻译译文：几年前，一个同事和我参加在校大学生团体的一个老式的实地考察，考察地位于新泽西州的爱迪生国家历史遗址的西橙。

我们随公众参观，并参观了设置于建筑物内的实验室，了解了白炽灯灯泡和电影技术的发展。

然而，令我最感动的是其中的两个复杂的附加功能。

首先，是配备了当时美国专利局的所有出版物的研究图书馆。

科学家和工程师的代表关注到适销对路的产品可能会在创造新技术中有所用途。

大学是随之而来的发现科学技术的伟大场所，但爱迪生的实验室却是作为一个企业而存在的。

在 19 世纪后期是没有互联网连接的，因此，图书馆便担任起了实验室的信息存储库。

就像今天，当研究人员所需要的信息是有关于化学反应、一个数学公式或他们最先进的工程解决方案而咨询目前的文献一样，只不过当时是通过纸张。

第二个令人印象深刻的事情是生产和加工设施的复杂性。

创建工具，使新的工具催化技术的发展，是爱迪生实验室的一个创新过程的早期代表性的例子。

通过快速采用标准，进一步简化此过程。

由于工具和设备大部分可以在本地发展，便可以在数英亩大小的校园中部署自己的标准并创造该设施。

这种标准之一是权力分配的方法。

最终已知的电网发展供电是著名的爱迪生灯泡，早期的爱迪生实验室使用的工具是由一个通用线路轴组成的机器。

组成一个类似于后轮驱动汽车传动轴的长旋转轴或像是一个海洋船只的螺旋桨轴，使整个工厂的旋转的势能形式分散了锅炉产生的机械能。

Reading Material(1)PlumbingIn general, plumbing refers to the system of pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus used inside a building for Supplying water and removing liquid and waterborne wastes. In practice, the term includes storm water or roof drainage and exterior system components connecting to a source such as a public water system or a point of disposal such as a public sewer system or a domestic septic tank or cesspool.The purpose of plumbing systems is, basically, to bring into, and distribute within, a building a supply of safe water to be used for drinking purposes and to collect and dispose of polluted and contaminated wastewater from the various receptacles on the premises without hazard to the health of occupants. Codes, regulations, and trade practices are designed to keep the water system separated from drainage systems; to prevent the introduction of harmful material such as chemicals,micro-organisms, and dirt; and to keep the water system safe under all operating conditions. These protective codes also are designed to prevent flooding of drainage lines, provide venting of dangerous gases, and eliminate opportunities for backflow of dangerous waste water into the water system. It is essential that disease-producing organisms and harmful chemicals be confined to the drainage system.Since the time of Moses man has been cautioned to dispose of his wastes safely, and cleanliness has been related to the availability of water and associated with social custom. Early man often lived near a water source that served as his water supply and drainage system in one. It was also bis bath. I.atrine-like receptacles with crude drains have been found in excavations in the Orkney Islands of Neolithic stone huts at least 10,000 years old. Both a water system and piping ctsed as drainage fashioned of terra-cotta pipe were part of the royal palace of Minos in Crete, about 2000 BC. The palace also had a latrine with water-flushing reservoir and drainage. Nothing comparable to it was developed in Europe until the 18th century.Even the equipment of the modern bathroom, though much improved with hot and cold water under pressure and less crude provisions for drainage, is in concept little different from the Minoan version. Itwas not until the end of the 19th century that advances in plumbing practice were given serious attention as an integral part of housing.A building plumbing system includes two components, the piping that brings potable water into the building and distributes it to all fixtures and water outlets and the piping that collects the water after use and drains it to a point of safe disposal.Water systems. When a building is served by a public water system, the plumbing begins at the service connection with the public supply. It includes all meters, pumps, valves, piping, storage tanks,and connectionsrequired to make water available at outlets serving the fixtures or equipment within the building.Many premises in rural areas are not served by public water supply. These may include private dwellings, apartment houses, hotels, commercial centres, hospitals, institutions, factories, roadsidestands, and restaurants.Public water supplies have surface water or groundwater as their source. Large water systems are almost entirely supplied with surface water. In smaller communities and in certain areas groundwater is obtained from wells or springs. Independent semipublic, industrial, and private-premise water systemsfrequently take water from wells on the premises but may, under certain conditions, draw water from aspring, lake, or stream.Public water systems supply treated water meeting publicwater-supply drinking-water standards.Private-premise systems are expected to provide water of equal quality, and to do so the private system requires a water-treatment plant including chlorination as a minimum and possibly sedimentation (settling out of solid particles) chemical treatment, primarily for softening, and filtration.Water is supplied to fixtures and outlets under pressure provided by pumps or elevated storage tanks or both. In some installations a pump controlled by a pressure-activated switch on a pressurized storage tank takes water from a well and pumps until the upper limit of pressure for the system has been reach。