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第五单元语法（汉维）2010 ～2011 (Go for it!) Unit 5 If you go to the party，you'll have a great time．一、单元语法：条件状语从句。
1．由连词if (如果，假如) 引导的从句用于表示主句发生的条件，称为条件状语从句；e.g. Your mother will not be happy if you do that．如果你那样做，你妈妈就会不高兴。
We will go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow．如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
2．条件状语从句应该注意的地方：同时间状语从句一样；①当主句为将来时态，祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时；e.g.I will go with you if it doesn't rain tomorrow．如果明天不下雨，我就跟你一起去。
I will go to see a movie if I have time．如果我有时间，我将去看电影。
Please call me up if you want to go with me．如果你想跟我一起去，请给我打电话。
You must see the doctor if you are ill．如果你病了，就必须去看医生。
②主句在前，状语从句在后，两句之间不用逗号隔开，但如果状语从句在前，主句在后，则要用逗号隔开；e.g. You must see the doctor if you are ill．←→If you are ill，You must see the doctor．I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow．←→If it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home．3．祈使句+ and／or 引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句；e.g.Hurry up，or you will be late. ＝If you don't hurry up，you will be late．快点，否则你会迟到的。
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第五章概念化与语义引言前面我们提到，认知语言学与传统语言学的一个重要区别就是对语言意义本质的看法。
其中认知语言学一个最重要的观点就是：意义就是概念化（Meaning is conceptualization）。
概念化的世界是一个已经经过人类认知过程折射的世界，或者说是一个―人化‖的世界，它与真实世界之间存在差异，这两个世界之间没有直接的对应关系。
语言理论只能描述这一概念化世界的结构，与独立于语言之外的真实世界无关。
本章我们重点介绍Talmy等人有关概念化与语义之间的关系的研究，并以此为窗口，观察人类的概念化过程是怎样影响语义结构的。
第一节概念化（一）概念化、心理意象与组构Langacker（1987，1991，1999，2000）提出，意义就是概念化。
语言语义学因此必须试图对思想和概念这样的抽象物体进行结构分析和明确的描写。
（Langacker, 1991b:2）Langacker （2000）指出，―概念化‖这个词应该从最宽泛的意义上去理解，它几乎包括了各种大脑活动，其中重要的如：1）原有的和新的概念；2）抽象的或智力―概念‖，以及直接的感觉、运动和感情经历；3）非即时的、逐渐展开的概念；4）对物理、社会和语言语境的完整把握。
简言之，语言意义被看作是物理体现、以社会-文化为基础的人脑的心理活动的结果。
（Langacker, 2000:27）Langacker认为，认知语言学家之所以从概念的角度来讨论语言意义，其重要原因之一是心理意象（construal，mental imagery）的存在。
语言成分，不管是词汇还是语法的，都将某一特定的心理意象附加在它们所唤起的概念―内容‖。
由于语言意义包含了概念内容和心理意象，但后者经常受到忽视，而真正的语义学不应该忽视后者。
因此，―意象‖在认知语言学中具有重要的意义。
那么，什么是意象呢？―我使用―意象‖这个词表示我们大脑中用不同方式来组构某一感知到的情景（因此该词并不特别或专指感觉上的或视觉上的意象）认知语法的一个重要声明就是语言词语和语法结构体现规约的意象，它构成了它们语义值的重要的一部分。
专题五语法填空目录一、浙江杭州二、浙江嘉兴/舟山三、浙江绍兴四、浙江台州五、浙江宁波六、浙江金华/义乌/丽水七、浙江衢州八、浙江湖州一、浙江杭州阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Simon Dale didn’t want to live in a city’s apartment building. So he made up his mind 1 (build) his own home in the countryside. He moved to Wales with his family and built a wooden eco-house. With the help of his father-in-law, a builder, he moved into a 2 (comfort) new home after only four months. 3 only cost $4,700 to build the house.The eco-house is made of natural 4 (material). Simon Dale and his father-in-law 5 (dig) into the side of a hill and then used the mud and stone to make the walls. The floors 6 (make) from wood from the nearby area. The design is open-plan. There is no central heating, 7 t here’s a wood-burner and solar panels (太阳能电板) on the top 8 can provide power for lighting, music and computing. Drinking water is from a nearby spring. The fridge stays cool, thanks 9 air from under the ground. Simon Dale says, “We try to live in p eace with the natural world.” He has 10 (certain) done his best to achieve that.【答案】to build；comfortable；It；materials；dug；are made；but；which /that；to；certainly【解析】文章大意：文章讲述了Simon Dale的生态房子。
专题五形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空；若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least时，可能也会不给出原级。
系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。
一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1.形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。
如：English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。
(作定语)English is useful.英语很有用。
(作表语)I find English useful.我觉得英语很有用。
(作补语)2.副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。
如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。
(修饰动词walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。
二、形容词和副词的比较等级1. 形容词副词的规则变化。
(1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est。
如：long—longer—longest。
(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾直接加r或st。
如：nice—nicer—nicest。
(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i，再加er或est。
如：heavy—heavier—heaviest。
(4) 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加er或est。
如：big—bigger—biggest。
(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。
如：slowly—more slowly—most slowly；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful。
语法归纳总结●第一章名词
考点01 名词的数
考点02名词所有格
考点03名词修饰语
考点04易混名词辨析
●第二章代词
考点01 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
考点02不定代词
考点03 指示代词、疑问代词和it的特殊用法●第三章数词
考点01 基数词
考点012序数词
●第四章介词
考点01 介词
考点02 介词短语
●第五章连词
考点01并列连词
考点02从属连词
●第六章形容词
考点01形容词的用法
考点02形容词的比较等级
考点03形容词词义辨析
●第七章副词
考点01副词的用法
考点02副词的比较等级
考点03副词词义辨析
●第八章冠词
考点01不定冠词
考点02定冠词
考点03零冠词
●第九章动词
考点01动词的基本形式和分类
考点02易混动词和动词短语
考点03动词的时态
考点04被动语态
考点05非谓语动词
●第十章句子种类
考点01陈述句
考点02疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反义疑问句）考点03祈使句
考点04感叹句
●第十一章简单句的基本句型●第十二章并列复合句
●第十三章主从复合句
考点01宾语从句
考点02状语从句
考点03定语从句。
高考核心语法知识点精练5(形容词和副词)1.Love will always be a topic of interest regardless of race, religion or nationality..The city has its pleasures, but Christine wished for the quiet of country life..She is of the effect she has on people..Housework has been regarded as women's work.A. traditionally B .partly C .si ightlyD. formally.When I was young, I was really a child, always hanging out, coming home late and making myparents upset..Parents should keep their children company as much as possible because children feel if theydon't see their parents regularly..Roses are quite flowers in English gardens..There were no tickets for Friday's performance..Either side seems to have a(n)position; there are still many uncertainties on this issue.A.ambiguousB.delicateC.explicitD.confidential 1().In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are..Though scientists get closer to understanding why we age, the reason for different aging rates among individuals remains only understood.11.When challenges and setbacks, he remains , brave and firm.A.faced with... hcsitantB.facing... resoluteC.in face of... indecisiveD.facing with... determined12.With much work that remains to be completed, the manager found their project.A.more than satisfyingB.not at all satisfiedC.far from satisfactoryD.wilh more satisfaction than not13.Although the boss appears to wear a smile most of the time, his smile is by no means sincere or genuine, instead, it could be somewhat and hostile at times..So that the boat almost.A.tough the sea became... turned downB.rough did the sea become... turned overC.rough the sea became... turned overD.tough did the sea become... turned down16. Young readers often find the novels of Dickensthan Thackeray's.A.far more cxcitingB.cvcn much excitingC.so more excitingD.a lot much exciting17.Visitors who have booked tickets online can show their ID cards or other documents to enterthe museum. .Chinese tech giant Huawei launched its new operating system called Harmony, creating an app ecosystem to Google's Android18.History is the best teacher. It records the development path of each country and foretells thefuture to us. . We have to get the economy under control or it will eat us up.hit's a(n)choice between taking the job and staying out of work.Better not waste more time on it!.The present system no longer meets the changing needs of our customers; we have to make a(n)management system..Nowadays, basic health care services are to almost all the Chinese people, contributing to a risein average life expectancy..Jack is late again. It is of him to keep others waiting.A.normalB.ordinaryC.typicalD mon.The Jiangsu TV station is very popular with many people in China, as it deals with subjectssuch as music, entertainment and fashion..There are flowers and trees shown in the park and people go to have a look.A.plenty of; muchB.various; manyC.varieties of; various ofD.quite a few; quite a little22.Although he did not do it, he definitely had some responsibility.23.The professor could tell by thelook in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture. .Mary is very towards her colleagues in the company, so they are willing to cooperate with her..My telephone is out of order. Can you tell me the news about the C0V1D-19 pandemic?答案与解析：l.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
必修5 Moudle5一、时间状语从句1、when/while/as引导的时间状语从句，三者可以互换，但也有差别。
1）when引导的时间状语从句通常指时间的一点，从句的谓语动词是终止性动词；也可以指一段时间，从句用延续性动词。
该从句表示的动作或状态可与主句表示的动作或状态同时发生，也可以是先后或紧接着发生。
When I was walking down the street, I saw some policemen.When they heard the news, they were very surprised.2）While当……的时候，常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，从句用延续性动作，强调主句的动作或状态和从句的动作或状态是同时发生或存在的。
Don’t talk so loud while others are working.While the child was playing with his toys, his parents were watching TV.3）as表示“当……的时候”，往往可以和when互换，但通常表示动作发生的过程，不表示状态。
在表示“随着……”“一边……一边……”时，要用as。
As you grow older, you’ll know better and better about yourself.They shouted slogans as they passed the square.2.as soon as, no sooner …than…, hardly …when…一……就……Hardly had he arrived when it began to rain.No sooner had she gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more.3.一些时间的名词词组，如the moment, the second, the minute, each (every) time, the first time, the year, etc也用于引导时间状语从句，这时它们具有连接词的功能。
专题05 语法填空1.【2024届广西柳州高中、南宁三中高三联考试题】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Layue is regarded as a preparatory phase for the upcoming Spring Festival. It is the 36 (twelve) month of the traditional Chinese calendar.37 (fall) on January 18 this year, Laba Festival was traditionally 38 occasion to honor their ancestors, and pray to deities, heaven, and earth for a good harvest and good luck. The last lunar month is called “la” in Chinese, and “eight’’ is pronounced “ba” in Chinese. This is 39 the name of the festival comes from. The custom 40 this day is to eat Laba porridge, cooked with a mix of eight ingredients, as eight is a 41 (fortune) number in Chinese culture. 42 (it) recipe varies across China depending on regional availability. Nowadays, 43 (boil) with sugar for at least four hours, Laba Porridge is regarded as a nutritious food. Distribution of Laba porridge at Yonghe Lamasery (雍和宫) in Beijing is one of the most famous activities. Today, waiting 44 (eager) in queues at the temples, people 45 (expect) to not just share a bowl of porridge, but be a part of the tradition and share the joys and expectations of the coming year.【答案】36．twelfth 37．Falling 38．an 39．where 40．on 41．fortunate 42．Its43．boiled 44．eagerly 45．are expecting【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
