WTO术语中英对照

WTO中英对照1.WTO----World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织2.GATT----General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税与贸易总协定3.Multilateral trading system 多边贸易体制4.IMF----International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织5.IBRD---- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴与开发银行6.ITO----International Trade Organization 国际贸易组织7.Ministerial Conference 部长级会议8.General Council 总理事会9.non-discrimination principle 非歧视原则10. MFNT----most favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇11. national treatment 国民待遇12. market access principle 市场准入原则13. import license 进口许可证14. fair competition principle 公平竞争原则15. principle of transparency 透明度原则16. GSP----generalized system of preferences 普遍优惠制、普惠制17. special and differential treatment 特殊和差别待遇18. special safeguard 特殊保障措施19. domestic support 国内支持20. ATC----Agreement on Textiles and Clothing 《纺织品与服装协议》21. import/export/transit duty 进口/出口/过境税22. HS----The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding system 《商品名称及编码协调制度》23. NRP----nominal rate of protection 名义保护率24. ERP----effective rate of protection 有效保护率25. NTBs----non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒26. import/absolute/country quotas 进口/绝对/国别配额27. global(unallocated) quotas 全球配额28. autonomous/unilateral quotas 自主/单方面配额29. agreement/bilateral quotas 协议/双边配额30. VEQ----“voluntary”export quotas “自动”出口配额31. VER----“voluntary”export restraints “自动”出口限制32. dumping 倾销anti-dumping 反倾销33. exchange dumping 外汇倾销34. OGL----open general license 公开一般许可证35. SL----special license 特种货物进口许可证36. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 《技术性贸易壁垒协议》37. technical regulations/standard 技术法规/技术标准、38. conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序39. Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协议》40. SPS---- sanitary and phytosanitary measures 卫生与动植物卫生措施41. Agreement on Preshipment Inspection 《装运前检验协议》42. PSI----preshipment inspection 装运前检验43. Agreement on Customs Valuation 《海关估价协议》44. customs valuation 海关估价45. dutiable/deductive value 完税/倒扣价格46. Agreement on Rules of Origin 《原产地规则协议》47. Agreement on Import licensing Procedures 《进口许可程序协议》48. (non-) automatic import licensing （非）自动进口许可程序49. TRIMs----Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures 《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》50. normal value 正常价值51. Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 《补贴与反补贴措施协议》52. countervailing measures 抵消性措施53. prohibited/actionable/non-actionable subsidies 禁止性/可诉/不可诉补贴54. Agreement on Safeguard 《保障措施协议》55. GATs----General Agreement on Trade in Services 《服务贸易总协定》56. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 《保护工业产权巴黎公约》、《巴黎公约》57. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》、《伯尔尼公约》58. TRIPs----Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》59. Agreement on Government Procurement 《政府采购协议》60. Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft 《民用航空器贸易协议》。

W T O简明术语AAccession 加入（世界贸易组织）Acceptable risk level 可接受的风险水平ACP---African、Caribbean and Pacific 非加太国家Actionable subsidy 可诉补贴Ad valorem tariff 从价税Aggregate measurement of support（AMS）（农业国内支持）综合支持量Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协议》Agreement on Textiles and Clothing（ATC）《纺织品与服装协议》Air transport services 空运服务Amber box measures （农业国内支持）“黄箱”措施Annex 附件Annual bound commitment（农业国内支持）年度约束水平Anti-circumvention 反规避Anti-competitive practice 反竞争行为Anti-dumping duty 反倾销税Audiovisual services 视听服务Automatic licensing 自动许可Appendix 附录Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appellate body （争端解决）上诉机构Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection 适当的动植物卫生保护水平Acquisition of intellectual property rights 知识产权的获得Arbitration 仲裁Areas of low pest or disease prevalence 病虫害低度流行区Assessment of risk 风险评估Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations（ANCER）《澳大利亚新西兰紧密经济关系协定》BBerne Convention 《伯尔尼公约》Base tariff level 基础税率Basic Instrument and Selected Documents（BISD）《基本文件和资料选编》Basic telecommunication services 基础电信服务Best information available （反倾销）可获得的最佳信息Blue box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱”措施Balance-of-payments（BOP）provisions 国际收支条款Built-in agenda （世界贸易组织）既定议程Business services 商务服务Bound level 约束水平Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Causal link 因果联系Ceiling bindings （关税）上限约束Central Product Classification（CPC）《（联合国）中心产品分类》Challenge Procedures （政府采购）质疑程序Clean report of findings 检验结果清洁报告书Codex Alimentarius Commission（CAC）食品法典委员会Common Agriculture Policy（CAP）（欧洲共同体）共同农业政策Communication services 通信服务Conciliation 调解Confidential information 机密信息Conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序Circumvention 规避Combined tariff 复合税Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Committee on Trade and Development（CTD）贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Environment（CTE）贸易与环境委员会Compensation 补偿Competition policy 竞争政策Complaining party （争端解决）申诉方Computed value 计算价格Consensus 协商一致Constructed value （反倾销）结构价格Consultation 磋商Consumption abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Copyright 版权Council for Trade in Goods（CTG）货物贸易理事会Counterfeit trademark goods 冒牌货Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing duty 反补贴税Contraction parties 关税与贸易总协定缔约方Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross retaliation 交叉报复Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Current market access（CMA）现行市场准入Current total AMS （农业国内支持）现行综合支持量Customs duty 关税Customs tariff 海关税率，海关税则Customs value 海关完税价值Customs valuation 海关估价Customs union 关税同盟DDeveloped member 发达成员Developing member 发展中成员Direct payment （农业国内支持）直接支付Distribution services 分销服务Domestic industry 国内产业Domestic production 国内生产Domestic sales requirement 国内销售要求Domestic subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support （农业）国内支持Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes（DSU）《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Due restraint （对农产品反补贴）适当克制Dumping 倾销Dumping margin 倾销幅度EEconomies in transition 转型经济体Enabling clause 授权条款Enforcement of intellectual property rights 知识产权法Equivalence （检验检疫标准）等效性European Communities（EC）欧洲共同体European Free Trade Association （EFTA）欧洲自由贸易联盟Electronic commerce 电子商务Enquiry point 咨询点European Union 欧洲联盟Exhaustion of intellectual property rights 知识产权权利用尽Existing subject matter （知识产权）现有客体Ex officio 依职权Export credit 出口信贷Export credit guarantee 出口信贷担保Export subsidy 出口补贴FFall-back method （海关估价）“回顾”方法Findings 争端解决调查结果First-come first served 先来先得Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）联合国粮农组织Food security 粮食安全Foreign direct investment（FDI）外国直接投资Foreign exchange balancing requirement 外汇平衡要求Free-rider 搭便车（指根据最惠国待遇享受其他成员贸易减让而不进行相应减让的成员）Free trade area 自由贸易区GGATT 1947 《1947年关税与贸易总协定》GATT 1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Service（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Agreement on Tariff and Trade （GATT）《关税与贸易总协定》General Council 总理事会General exceptions 一般例外Geographical indications （知识产权）地理标识Genetically Modified Organisms（GMO）转基因生物Good offices 斡旋Government procurement 政府采购Green box measures （农业国内支持）“绿箱”措施Grey area measures 灰色区域措施General Preferential System（GPS）普惠制HHarmonized Commodity Description and Coding System（HS）《商品名称及编码协调制度》Havana Charter 哈瓦那宪章Horizontal commitments （服务贸易）水平承诺IIdentical product 相同产品Illustrative list 例示清单Import deposits 进口押金Import licensing 进口许可Import substitution 进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Import variable duties 进口差价税Industrial designs 工业设计Infant industry 幼稚产业Information Technology Agreement（ITA）《信息技术协议》Injunctions 禁令Initial negotiating rights （INRs）最初谈判权（初谈权）Integration process 一体化进程Intellectual property rights（IPRs）知识产权Internal taxes 国内税International Labor Organization (ILO ) 国际劳工组织International Monetary Fund （IMF）国际货币基金组织International Organization for Standardization （ISO）国际标准化组织International Plant Protection Convention 《国际植物保护公约》International Textile and Clothing Bureau （ITCB）国际纺织品与服装局International Trade Organization （ITO）国际贸易组织International Trade Center （ITC）国际贸易中心International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行JJudicial review 司法审议Judicial person （服务贸易）法人KLLayout-designs（Topographies）of integrated circuits 集成电路外观设计（拓扑图）Least-developed countries （LDCs）最不发达国家License fee （知识产权）许可费Like product 同类产品Limited tendering （政府采购）有限招标Local content requirement 当地含量要求Local equity requirement 当地股份要求Mad-cow disease 疯牛病Maintenance of intellectual property rights 知识产权的维护Maritime transport services 海运服务Market access 市场准入Market boards 市场营销机构Market price support 市场价格支持Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 《建立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协定》Marrakesh protocol 《马拉喀什协定书》Material injury 实质损害Medication 调停Minimum market access （MMA）最低市场准入Minimum values （海关估价）最低限价Most-favored-nation treatment （MFN）最惠国待遇MFN exemptions （服务贸易）最惠国待遇例外Ministerial conference 部长级会议Modalities 模式Modulation of quota clause （保障措施）配额调整条款Movement of natural persons 自然人流动Multi-Fiber Arrangement （MFA）《多种纤维协定》Multilateral trade negotiations （MTNs）多边贸易谈判Mutual recognition agreement 相互承认协议NNational treatment 国民待遇Natural person 自然人Negative standard （原产地）否定标准Neighboring rights （版权）邻接权New issues （世界贸易组织）新议题Non-actionable subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-automatic licensing 非自动许可Non-discrimination 非歧视Non-violation complaints 非违规之诉North American Free Trade Agreement（NAFTA）《北美自由贸易协定》Notification obligation 通知义务Non-tariff measures（NTMs）非关税措施Non-trade concern 非贸易关切Nullification or impairment （利益）丧失或减损Offer （谈判）出价Open tendering （政府采购）公开招标Orderly marketing arrangement （OMA）有序销售安排Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OEDC）经济合作与发展组织Original member （世界贸易组织）创始成员PPanel 争端解决专家组Paris convention 《巴黎公约》Patents 专利Peace clause 关于农产品反补贴的和平条款Pest or disease-free area 病虫害非疫区Pirated copyright goods 盗版货Plurilateral agreement 诸边协议Positive standard （原产地）肯定标准Presence of natural person 自然人存在Preshipment inspection 装运前检验Price verification （装运前检验）价格核实Price undertaking （反倾销）价格承诺Principal supplying interest 主要供应利益Product mandating requirement 产品授权要求Product-to-product method 产品对产品（谈判）方法Production subsidy 生产补贴Professional services 专业服务Prohibited subsidy 被禁止的补贴Protocol accession 加入议定书Protocol of Provisional Application of GATT 关贸总协定临时适用协议书Provisional application 临时适用Prudential measures 审慎措施QQuads 四方集团（至美国、欧盟、日本和加拿大）Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantity trigger level （农业特殊保障措施）数量触发水平RReciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Reference years 参照年Regional trade agreements 区域贸易协议Request （谈判）要价Responding Party （争端解决）应诉方Restrictive business practices 限制性商业惯例Risk analysis 风险分析Risk assessment 风险评估Roll-back 逐步退回Rome convention 《罗马公约》Round （知识产权）使用费Rules of origin 原产地规则SSafeguards 保障措施Sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS）measures 卫生与植物措施Schedule of commitments （服务贸易）承诺表Schedule of concessions （货物贸易）减让表Sectoral negotiations 部门谈判Security exceptions 安全例外Selective tendering （政府采购）选择性招标Separate customs territory 单独关税区Serious injury 严重损害Serious prejudice 严重侵害Simple average tariff 简单平均关税Similar product 类似产品Special and differential（S&D）treatment provisions 特殊与差别待遇条款Special Drawing Rights （SDRs）（国际货币基金组织）特别提款权Special safeguard（SSG）measures （农产品）特殊保障措施Specific tariff 从量税Specificity （补贴）专项性Standardizing bodies 标准化机构Standards 标准Standstill 维持现状State trading enterprises （STEs）国营贸易企业Subsidy 补贴Subsidies in general 一般补贴Substantial supplying interest 实质供应利益Substantial transformation （产品）实质改变Suspend concessions 暂停减让TTariffs 关税Tariff bindings 关税约束Tariff classification 税则归类Tariff concessions 关税减让Tariff equivalent 关税等值Tariff escalation 关税升级Tariff headings 税目Tariffication 关税化Tariff line 税号Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff rate quotas/ Tariff quotas （TRQ）关税配额Technical assistance 技术援助Technical barriers to trade（TBT）技术性贸易壁垒Technical regulationsTelecommunication services 电信服务Terms of reference （TOR）（争端解决专家组）职责范围Textile Monitoring Body （TMB）（关税与贸易总协定）纺织品监督机构Textile Surveillance Body (TSB) (关税与贸易总协定)纺织品监督机构Tokyo Round Codes 东京回合守则Total AMS （农业国内支持）综合支持总量Trade-balancing requirement 贸易平衡要求Trade facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in civil aircraft 民用航空器贸易Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in services 服务贸易Trademark（TM）商标Trade Policy Review Body （TPRB）贸易政策审议机构Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM）贸易政策审议机制Trade-related intellectual property rights （TRIPs）与贸易有关的知识产权Trade-related investment measures （TRIMs）Trade remedies 贸易救济（措施）Trade-weighted average tariff 贸易加权平均关税Transaction Value 成交价格Transition economies 转型经济体Transitional safeguard measures （纺织品）过渡性保障措施Transparency 透明度Transport services 运输服务Trigger prices （农产品特殊保障措施）触发价格UUndisclosed information （知识产权）未公开信息United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合VVariable duties 差价税Value-added telecommunication services 增值电信服务Voluntary export restraints （VERs）自愿出口限制WWaiver （义务）豁免Washington Treaty 《华盛顿条约》Withdraw concessions 撤回减让World Customs Organization（WCO）世界海关组织World Intellectual Property Organization （WIPO）世界知识产权组织World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织WTO Members 世界贸易组织全体成员WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处。

关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身GATT （General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）世界贸易组织WTO （World Trade Organization）乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"）MFN（most-favored-nation）treatment争端解决机构dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU （Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes）《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA （North American Free Trade Agreement）东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA （Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa）反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against…非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to瓶颈制约"bottleneck" restrictions非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP （African，Caribbean and Pacific Group）（补贴协议）可诉补贴actionable subsidy上诉机构appeal body基础税率base tariff level国际收支条款BOP（Balance-of-payments）Provisions既定日程built-in agenda约束水平bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy规避circumvention反补贴税countervailing duty交叉报复cross retaliation海关完税价值customs values环保型技术EST（Environmentally-sound technology）出口实绩export performance出口补贴export subsidy粮食安全food security免费搭车者（享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家）free-rider政府采购government procurement灰色区域措施grey area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM （WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs）协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS （Harmonized Commodity and Coding System）进口许可import licensing进口渗透import penetration最初谈判权（初谈权）INRs （Initial Negotiating Rights）知识产权IPRs （Intellectual property rights）最不发达国家LDCs （Least-developed countries）当地含量local content市场准入market access专门的营销机构market boards（服务贸易）自然人national person国民待遇national treatment（利益的）丧失和减损nullification and impairment（争端解决）专家组panel（《农业协议》中关于反补贴的）和平条款peace clause诸边协议plurilateral agreement（服务贸易）自然人流动presence of natural person生产补贴production subsidy消费膨胀inflated consumption慢性萧条chronic depression进口环节税import linkage tax北美自由贸易区NAFTA （North American Free Trade Area）全球配额global quota祖父条款grandfather clause贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF （Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation）国际清算international settlement横向兼并horizontal merger垂直兼并vertical merger垃圾融资junk financing申报制度reporting system；income declaration system市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA （Administrative Aspects of Market Access）A2000 Agenda 2000年议程Abandoned Claims 被放弃的诉请Acceding Country 申请加入国Acceding Government 申请加入的政府Acceptable Level of Risk 可接受的风险水平Accession 加入Accession Country 加入国Accession Package 加入一揽子文件Accountancy Disciplines 会计准则Accounting Services 会计服务Accreditation 认可Accreditation and Approval 认可和批准Actionable Subsidy （补贴协议）可诉补贴Actual Dumping Margin 实际倾销幅度Actual Value 实际价值Actuarial Services 保险精算服务Actuarial Specialist 精算专家Ad valor tariff 从价税Ad Valorem Duty 从价税Ad Valorem Equivalent 从价等量Ad Valorem Subsidization 从价补贴Ad Valorem Tariff 从价关税Additional Commitments 额外承诺Additional Duty 额外关税Adjustment Cost 调整成本Administered Support Price 政府支持价格Administrative Action 行政行为Administrative Determinations 行政裁定Administrative Revocation 行政撤销Advance Deposit for Imports 预付进口押金Adverse Effects 不利影响Adverse Inferences 不利推断Advertising Services 广告服务Advisory Opinion 咨询性意见Affirmative 肯定裁决Affirmative Defense 积极抗辩Affirmative Determination 肯定性裁定Affirmative Finding 肯定性调查结果Afford Adequate Opportunity 提供充分机会After Sales Services 售后服务Agency Insurance Services 保险代理服务Agenda 22世纪议程Aggregate measure of support 综合支持量Aggressive Multilateralism 攻击性多边主义Aggressive Reciprocity 攻击性互惠Agreed database 各方都同意的数据库Agreed Exclusions 议定的例外Agreed Standard From 议定的标准格式Agreement on Agriculture 农业协定Agreement on Compensation 补偿协定Agricultural Integration 农业一体化Agriculture Protection Argument 农业保护论Air Transport Services 空运服务Alleged Dumping 被指控的倾销Alleged Injury 被指控的损害Alleged Subsidy 被指控的补贴Allocation of Quotas 配额分配Allowance for Waste 损耗Alternative Duty 选择税Amber Box Measures （农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amendments to WTO Agreements 协定修改American Selling Price（ASP）美国销售价格Amicus Brief 法庭之友的书面陈述Amicus Curiae 法庭之友amount of subsidy 补贴数额AMS Disciplines 综合支持量纪律AMS Methodology 综合支持量方法Analogue Country 替代国Analytical Index 分析索引Ancillary Services 空运辅助服务Animal Welfare 动物福利Annual bound commitment 年度约束水平Anti-Circumvention 反规避Anti-Circumvention Action 反规避行动Anti-Competitive Practices 反竞争做法Anti-Dumping 反倾销Anti-Dumping Act 反倾销法Anti-Dumping Action 反倾销行动Anti-Dumping Agreement 反倾销协定Anti-Dumping Code 反倾销守则Anti-Dumping Complaint 反倾销申诉Anti-Dumping Duty 反倾销税Anti-Dumping Duty Order 反倾销税令Anti-Dumping Investigation 反倾销调查Anti-Dumping Law 反倾销法律Anti-dumping measures（AD,A-D）反倾销措施Anti-Dumping Penalty 反倾销补偿金Anti-Dumping Policy 反倾销政策Anti-Dumping Practice 反倾销实践Anti-Dumping Proceeding 反倾销程序Anti-Dumping Tribunal 反倾销调查裁决机关Anti-Globalization 反全球化Anti-Surge Clause 反激增条款Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appeals 上诉Appellate Body 上诉机构Appellate Body Report 上诉机构报告Appellate Review 上诉审查Appellations of Origin 原产地名称Appellee 被上诉方Applicant Contracting Party 申请缔约方Application Form 申请表格Application Procedures 申请程序Appraised Value 估定价值Appraisement 估价Appropriate Compensation 适当补偿Appropriate Countermeasures 适当反措施Appropriate Schedule 适当减让表Arbitration 仲裁Arbitration Award 仲裁裁决Architectural Services 建筑设计服务Archive Services 档案服务Arm’s Length Negotiations 公平谈判Arm’s Length Price 公平价格Arm’s Length Pricing 公平定价Arm’s Length Rate 公平利润率Arm’s Length Transaction 公平交易Artwork 工艺Assessment of Risk 风险评估Assessment of Tariff Offers 评估关税出价Assessment of the Origin 原产地预确定Asset Management 资产管理服务Assignment 转让Assignment Agreement 转让协议Assignor 转让人Assurance of Conformity 合格保证Asymmetrical Comparison 非对称比较At-the-Border Barriers 边境壁垒Audiovisual Service 视听服务Auditing Services 审计服务Automatic Import Licensing 自动进口许可Automatic Licensing 自动许可Autonomous Trade Regimes 自主贸易制度Average CIF Unit Value 平均到岸价Average Reference Price 平均参考价格Award 裁决A Reasonable Rate of Increase in Reserves储备增加的合理比率Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights滥用知识产权Access to Confidential Information对机密信息的获取Accident and Health Insurance services意外和健康保险服务Accounting, Auditing and Book-keeping Services会计、审计和簿记服务Acquisition or Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights知识产权的取得或维持Acts Occurring Prior to Date of Application of Agreement协议适用之日前发生的行为Actual Threat under Agreement on Textile and Clothing纺织品与服装协定中的实际威胁Ad Interim Reduction or Exemption of Customs Duties临时减少或豁免关税Ad Valorem Percentage Criterion从价百分比标准Additional Period of One Year under Multi-Fibre Agreement多种纤维安排中的延期一年Additional Written Memoranda附加书面备忘录Adequate and Enduring Technical Competence适当和持久的技术资质Administration of Trade Regulations贸易法规的实施Administrative Aspects of Market Access (AAMA)市场准入的行政管理措施Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS)（农产品）综合支持量Administrative Memorandum行政备忘录Administrative Procedures and Remedies行政程序和救济Administrative, Selling and General Costs管理、销售和一般费用Advisory and other Auxiliary Services金融咨询和其他附属服务Advisory, Intermediation Services金融咨询、中介服务Aggregate measurement of support （AMS ）（农业）综合支持量Agreement for Protection of International Investment国际投资保护协定Agreement on Textile and Clothing(ATC)纺织品与服装协定Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures(TRIMs) 与投资有关的贸易措施Agreements and Associated Legal Instruments协定及相关法律文件Agricultural Chemical Products农业化学物质产品Aircraft Repair and Maintenance Services航空器的维修和保养服务Allocation of Shares in the Quota配额中的份额分配Alternative Dispute Resolution争端解决的替代方式American Selling Price System of Valuation美国销售价格估价制度Amicus Submissions by NGOs非政府组织的法庭之友书面陈述Amount for Profit and General Expenses利润和一般费用总额Amount of a Subsidy in Terms of the Benefit to the Recipient以接受者所获利益形式的补贴金额An Inconsistency of a Serious Nature严重不符Andean Community安第斯共同体Annecy Round安纳西回合Annual and Final Bound Commitment Levels年度和最终约束承诺水平Annual Export Subsidy Commitment Levels出口补贴年度承诺水平Anti-Dumping Act of 19161916 年反倾销法Anti-Dumping Act of 19211921 年反倾销法Appellate Body Operating Fund(ABOF)上诉机构业务基金Application for Anti-Dumping Action反倾销调查申请Application of International Standards适用国际标准Application of Successive Treaties Relative to the Same Subject-Matter 后续条约的适用Applications Specialist系统应用专家Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection卫生或植物卫生保护的适当水平Arbitrary or Fictitious Customs Values武断或虚构的海关价格Area of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence病虫害低度流行区Arrangements for Consultation and Cooperation磋商与合作安排Article 2 Exemptions第 2 条例外Article 21.5 Panel第21.5 款专家组Article 22.6 Arbitration第22.6 款仲裁Assistance for Research Activities研究活动补助Associated Foreign Direct Investment关联外国直接投资Assured Life of the Schedules减让表的有效期Attribution of Serious Damage in ATC纺织品与服装协定中严重损害的归因Audio Visual Service Negotiations in the Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合中的视听服务谈判Authoritative Interpretation of Provisions适用协定规定的权威性解释Automated System for Customs Date(ASYCUDA)海关数据自动化系统Automatic Import Licensing Procedures自动进口许可程序Auxiliary Financial Services附属金融服务B‘Bottleneck’restrictions 瓶颈制约Background and Authority 背景与主管机关Balance of payment(BOP) 国际收支Base Levels 基础水平Base Period 基期Base tariff level 基础税率Base Total AMS 基期综合支持总量Basic Agricultural Product 基本农产品Basic Telecommunications 基础电信Basket Tariff Quota 一揽子关税配额Benchmark Price 基准价格Benefit Accruing 获得的利益Benefit to the Recipient 给予受益人的利益Benefits of Trade 贸易利益Bidding Quotation 投标报价Bilateral Agreement 双边协定配额Bilateral Emergency Basis 双边应急基础Bilateral Investment 双边投资Bilateral Quota 双边配额Bilateral Tax Treaty 双边税收条约Bilateral Trade 双边贸易Bilateral Trade Agreement 双边贸易协定Bilateralism 双边主义Binding Commitments 约束承诺Binding of Duty Rates 关税税率约束Binding of Duty Treatment 关税待遇约束Blair House Accord 布莱尔宫协定Blue Box 蓝箱Blue Box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱措施”Blue box policies 蓝箱政策Board Tariff Reduction 广泛关税减让Bonded Factory 保税工厂BOP Provisions 国际收支条款Border Measures 边境措施Border Tax 边境税Border tax adjustments (BTA) 边境税调整Bound level 约束水平Bound MFN Rate 约束最惠国关税率Bound Schedule 约束税率表Bound tariff rates 约束税率Bounty 奖励Breach of Confidence 泄密Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系Broadband Services 宽带服务Broadcasting Organization 广播组织Broking Services 经纪服务Brussels Declaration 布鲁塞尔宣言Building Block System 板块系统方法Building Codes 建筑法规Building-Cleaning Services 建筑物清洁服务Built in agenda 既定日程Built-in agenda （WTO）既定议程Built-In Swing 调用Burden of Proof 举证责任Business Exception 商业例外Business Practice 商业实践Business Support Services 商务支持服务But for Test “若非”标准Buying Commission 购买佣金Backdoor Protectionism后门保护主义Balance of Rights and Obligations under ATC纺织品与服装协定下权利和义务的平衡Balance-of-Payments Consultations国际收支磋商Balance-of-Payments Difficulties国际收支困难Balance-of-payments provisions国际收支条款Banking and Related Financial Services银行及相关金融服务Basel Convention《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basic Instruments and Selected Documents（BISD）（GATT）《基本文件资料选编》Basic Telecommunication Services基础电信服务Basic Telecommunications Operator基础电信运营商Belgian Family Allowances比利时家庭补助案Berne Convention《伯尔尼公约》（《保护文学艺术作品的伯尔尼公约》）Best Information Available可获得的最佳信息bilateral investment treaties (BIT)双边投资协定Bilateral Trade and Payments Agreements双边贸易与支付协定Board Tariff Cutting Formula划一削减公式Border Enforcement of IPR知识产权的边境执法Bound Free Duty约束免税待遇Branch or Representative Office分公司或代表处Brief Summary of Legal Basis of Complaint申诉的法律根据摘要Brief Summary of Legal Basis of Complaint诉请的法律根据摘要Brussels Definition of Value(BDV)布鲁塞尔对价值的定义Budgetary Commitment Levels预算支出承诺水平Budgetary Outlay Reduction Commitments预算支出削减承诺Burden of Proof in Non-Violation Nullification or Impairment Claims 非违反之诉的举证责任Burden Shifting Where Quantity Exported Exceeds Commitments举证责任转移Business Confidential Information商业秘密信息CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Cairns Group 凯恩斯集团Cancellation 注销Cancellation of Registration 注销注册Capital Expenditure 资本支出Capital Subsidy 资本补贴Captive Production 内部生产Cargo Handling Services 货物装卸服务Carry Forward 借用Carry Over 留用Cash Deposit 保证金Causal Factors 因果关系要素Causality 因果关系Causation 因果关系Cause Shown 陈述的理由Ceiling Tax Rate 最高税率Certificate of Origin 原产地证书Certification Systems 认证体系Challenge Procedures 质疑程序Channels of Commerce 商业渠道Charge 费用Chronic depression 慢性萧条Circumvention 规避Circumvention by Transshipment 转运规避Civil Aircraft Products 民用航空器产品Claim 权利请求Claims 诉请Claims Versus Arguments 诉请与论据Clothing 服装Collective Action 集体行动Combined tariff 混合税Commencement of Appeal 上诉的开始Commercial Considerations 商业考虑Commercial Exhibition 商业性放映Commercial Exploitation 商业性利用Commercial Level 商业水平Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Commercial Rental 商业性出租Commercial Services 商业服务Commission and Brokerage 佣金和经纪费Common Agriculture Policy 共同农业政策Common Quota 共同配额Common Register 共同登记机构Communications Services 通讯服务Comparable Price 可比价格Compensation 补偿Compensation Negotiation 补偿谈判Compensation Trade 补偿贸易Compensatory Adjustment 补偿性调整Competition policy 竞争政策Compilations of Date 数据汇编Complaining Party (解决争端)申诉方Complaint 申诉Complaint Procedure 申诉程序Compliance 符合Compliance Report 执行专家组报告Comprehensive 全面报告Compulsory Licensing 强制许可Computed Value 计算价格Computed Value Method 计算价格估价方法Computer Programs 计算机程序Computer Services 计算机服务Concealed Dumping 隐蔽倾销Concession Negotiation 减让谈判Concurrence 同意意见Conditional Appeal 附条件上诉Conditions of Competition 竞争条件Conduct of Business 处事规则Confidential Information 机密信息Conflict of Interest 利益冲突Conformity Assessment 合格评定Consensus 协商一致Consensus Minus 除了……协商一致Consignment Requirements 运输条件Consolidated Notification 综合通知书Consolidated Schedules 综合减让表Constituent Territories 组成领土Constitutional Procedures 宪法程序Constructed Export Price 推定出口价格Constructed Value 推定价值Constructive Remedies 建设性救济措施Consular Transactions 领事事项Consultation 磋商Consultation Procedures 磋商程序Consulting Country 参与磋商的国家Consulting Member 参与磋商的成员方Consumer Preference 消费者偏好Consumption Abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Contracting parties （GATT）缔约方Conventional Tariff 协定关税Conversion of Duties 关税转换Converted Concessions 转换的关税减让Copyright 版权Copyright Piracy 盗版Copyright Protection 版权保护Copyright Works 版权作品Corrective Measures 纠正措施Cost Date 成本数据Costs and Charges 成本和费用Counsel 法庭律师Counter purchase 反向购买Counter trade 补偿贸易Counterclaim 反诉Counter-Complaint 反诉诉状Counterfeit Goods 假冒商品Counterfeiting 假冒Countermeasures 反措施Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing Charge 反补贴指控Countervailing Duty Action 反补贴税行动Countervailing Duty Law 反补贴税法Countervailing Duty Order 征收反补贴税令Countervailing Duty Rate 反补贴税率Countervailing duty（CVD）反补贴税Countervailing Measures 反补贴措施Country-of-Origin Marking 原产地标记Courier Services 快递服务Course of Trade 贸易过程Covered Agreements 适用协定Criminal Procedures 刑事程序Criteria for Patentability 授予专利的标准Critical Circumstances 危急情况Crop Insurance Scheme 农作物保险计划Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross Border Trade 跨境贸易Cross check 交叉核实Cross Licensing 交叉许可Cross retaliation 交叉报复Cross-Cutting Issues 跨领域议题Cultural exception 文化例外Cumulation 累积Cumulation of Injury 损害积累Cumulative Assessment 累积评估Cumulative Indirect Taxes 累积间接税Cumulative Injury 累积的损害Cumulative Injury Assessment 累积损害评估Cumulative Market Disruption 累积市场扰乱Cumulative Rules of Origin 累计原产地规则Cumulative Subsidies 累计补贴Currency Conversion 货币换算Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Currency Retention Schemes 货币保留方案Current Access Commitments 现行准入承诺Current Total AMS （农业）现行综合支持Customary Business Practice 传统商业惯例Customary International Law 国际习惯法Customs Act 海关法Customs Administration 海关当局Customs Area 海关境域Customs Barriers 关税壁垒Customs Bonded Warehouse 海关保税仓库Customs Border 关境Customs Cooperation 海关合作Customs Documentation 海关文件Customs Drawback 海关退税Customs Duties 海关关税Customs Duty 关税Customs Duty 关税免除Customs Enforcement 海关执法Customs Fee 海关规费Customs Frontier 关税边境Customs House 海关Customs Nomenclature 海关税则目录Customs Statistics 海关统计Customs Supervision and Control 海关监管Customs Surveillance Zone 海关监管区Customs Tariff 海关税则Customs union（CU）关税同盟Customs Valuation 海关估价Customs value 海关完税价值Customs-Free Area 关税自由区Cyclical Dumping 周期性倾销Calculation of Aggregate Measurement of Support 综合支持量的计算Calculation of Current Total AMS现行综合支持总量的计算Capable of Industrial Application工业实用性Central Government Authority中央政府当局Central Government Body中央政府机构Central Government Standardizing Body中央政府标准化机构Centrally Planned Economy中央计划经济体Centrally Planned Economy Countries中央计划经济国家Certificate of Origin Form 59A原产地证书格式59ACertificate of Origin Form A原产地证书格式AChallenges to Validity对有效性提出异议Change in Relative Shares of the Market市场相对份额的变化Change in Tariff Classification税则归类改变Change of Tariff Classification Criterion税则归类改变标准Charge on the Public Account公共账户的支出Circuit-Switched Data Transmission Services电路交换数据传输服务Circumstances of Extreme Urgency极端紧急情况Circumvention of Anti-Dumping Duty Measures对反倾销征税措施的规避Circumvention of Export Subsidy Commitments 规避出口补贴承诺Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 民事和行政程序与救济Clean Report of Findings检验结果清洁报告书Code on Import Licensing Procedures进口许可程序守则Coercive Package Licensing强制的一揽子许可Collegiality Among Appellate Body Members共同决定Combination of Know Design Features已知设计特征组合Commercial Terms and Conditions商业条款和条件Commercially Traded Services商业性服务贸易Commission Agent’s Services佣金代理服务Commitments on National Treatment国民待遇承诺Commitments on Support and Protection支持和保护的承诺Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)（欧盟）共同农业政策Communications with Panel/Appellate Body与专家组或上诉机构的联系Competence of Panel to Hear a Dispute专家组审理争端案件的权限Computer Reservation System Services(CRS)计算机订座系统服务Concession Initially Negotiated最初谈判的减让Concurrence of the Contracting Parties缔约方的同意Conditional Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment有条件的最惠国待遇Conditional National Treatment附条件的国民待遇Conditions and Terms of Sale销售的条件和条款Conditions, Limitations, Exceptions and Reservations 条件、限制、例外和保留Confidential Business Information机密商业信息Confidentiality of Consultations磋商的机密性Confidentiality of Information信息机密性Conformity Assessment Procedures合格评定程序Conformity Assessment Systems合格评定体系Consequences of Treaty Termination条约终止的后果Conservation of Exhaustible Natural Resources保护可用尽的自然资源Consolidated Tariff Schedules综合关税减让表Consolidated Tariff Schedules Database综合关税减让表数据库Construction and Related Engineering Services 建筑及相关工程服务Consular Invoices and Certificates领事发票和证书Consulting and other Business Services咨询和其他商务服务Consumer Subsidy Equivalent （CSE ）消费者补贴等值Consumption in Governmental供政府消费使用Contact Point for Information信息咨询点Container Station and Depot Services集装箱堆场服务Contingent Trade Remedy紧急贸易救济Contingent Trade Remedy应急贸易救济机制Continuing Application of GATT Schedules继续适用关税与贸易总协定减让表Contracting Parties Primarily Concerned主要有关缔约各方Contractual Joint Venture契约式合资企业Contractual Trade Regimes契约贸易制度Control, Inspection and Approval Procedures 控制、检查和批准程序Conventional Tariff System协定税则制度Copyright and Related Rights版权与相关权利Cottage Industry Products家庭手工业产品Cotton-Producing Exporting Members产棉出口成员Counterfeit Trademark Goods假冒商标商品Countervailing Duty Determinations关于反补贴税的决定Countervailing Duty Petition反补贴税调查诉请Countervailing Duty Proceedings反补贴税调查程序Country-Specific Derogations某些国家享受的例外Criteria for Eligibility for Protection享受保护的资格标准Criterion of Manufacturing or Processing Operation 制造或加工工序标准Critical Shortages of Foodstuffs粮食的严重缺乏Cross Border Supply of Services跨境提供服务Cross Border Trade in Services跨境服务贸易Cumulative Acquisition of Origin累计取得原产地Cumulative Assessment of Dumping对倾销的累积评估Customs Clearance Services海关清关服务Customs Warehousing Procedure海关保税仓库管理制度DDamage 损害Damage Difficult to Repair 难于补救的损害Damages 损害赔偿De Facto Discrimination 事实上的歧视De Facto Specificity 事实专向性De Jure 法律上的De Jure Discrimination 法律上的歧视De Minimis 微量允许De Minimis Dumping Margins 微量倾销幅度De Minimis Effects 微量影响De Minimis Imports微量进口De Minimis Modifications 微小修改De minimis provision 最低减让条款De Minimis Safeguard Rule 保障措施的微量规则De Minimis Standard 微量标准De Minimis Subsidies 微量补贴Debt Repayment 债务偿还Deceptive Practice 欺诈行为Decision Tree 决策树Decisive Guidance 决定性的指导Deductive Method 倒扣价格法Deductive Value 倒扣价格Deep Amber 黄箱政策Defendant ( 解决争端) 被诉方Degree of Tariff Binding 关税约束水平Delaying Tactics 拖延战术Delivery of a Service 服务的提供Denial of Benefits 利益的拒绝给予Denial of Entry of Goods 拒绝货物入境Dental Services 牙医服务Depress Prices(to) 压低价格Descriptive Characteristics 描述特征Descriptive Part 陈述部分Design Work 设计Designated Products 指定产品Designated Trading 指定经营Determination 裁决Determination of Dumping 倾销的确定Determination of Injury 损害的确定Determination of Origin 原产地确定Developing Country 发展中国家Development 开发Development Box 发展箱Development Costs 开发成本Deviation 偏离Differences in Commercial 不同商业水平Differential Duties 差别关税Differential Export 差别出口税Differential Income 差别收入税Differential Measures 差别措施Diffuse Reciprocity 扩散性互惠Dillon Round 狄龙回合Direct Discussions 直接对话Direct Discussions 直接交货Direct Income Support 直接收支持Direct Insurance 直接保险Direct Investment 直接投资Direct payment 直接支付Direct Subsidy 直接补贴Dirty Tariffication 肮脏的关税化Discretionary 裁量性立法Discrimination 歧视Discriminatory Pricing 歧视性定价Discussant 引导人Disguised Trade Barriers 变相贸易壁垒Dispersed Tariff Rate 分散型关税税率Dispute Settlement 争端解决Dispute Settlement Officer 争端解决官员Dispute Settlement Procedure 争端解决程序Dispute Settlement Registrar 争端解决登记人Disruptive Effects 扰乱性影响Disruptive Imports 扰乱性进口Dissent 反对意见Distinctiveness 显著性Distribution of Trade 贸易分配Distribution Services 分销服务Diversionary Dumping 移转倾销Doctrine of Comparative 比较成本说Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程Doha Work Programme 多哈工作计划Domestic Commodities 国内商品Domestic Content 当地成分要求Domestic Industry 国内产业Domestic Law 国内法Domestic Price 国内价格Domestic production 国内生产Domestic Products 国产产品Domestic Regulation 国内规制Domestic Subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support ( 农产品) 国内支持Double Counting 重复计算Double Deflation Method 双重紧缩方法Double Evart Formula 双重偏离公式Double Taxation 双重征税Downstream Dumping 下游倾销Downstream Product 下游产品Downstream Subsidy 下游补贴Draft Standard 标准草案Drawback Scheme 退税方案Dry Cleaning Services 干洗服务Dual Pricing 双重定价Dual Tariff 加重关税Dumped Exports 倾销出口产品Dumped Prices 倾销价格Dumping 倾销Dumping Duties 倾销税Dumping Margin 倾销幅度Dutiable Value 应税价格Duty 税收Duty Deferral Programme 关税缓征方案Duty Drawback 税收返还Duty Free 免税Duty Free Goods 免税货物Duty Free Quota 免税进口配额Duty–Free Treatment 免税待遇Dyeing and Colouring Services 染色服务EEco-Dumping 生态倾销Eco-Duties 环境税Eco-Labbeling 环境标签Economic Data 经济数据Economic Integration 经济一体化Economic Needs Test 经济需求测试Economic Policies 经济政策Economic Quantities 经济数量Economies in Transition 转型经济体Eco-Packaging 环保包装Eco-Protectionism 环境贸易保护主义Eco-Standards 环境标准Educational Tariff 培育关税Elastic Duties 弹性关税Electricity Reticulation 电力网络Electronic Commerce 电子商务Emergency Action 紧急行动Emergency Measures 紧急措施Emergency Tariff 紧急关税Empire Preferences 帝国特惠制Enabling Clause 授权条款Enabling Clause 授权条款End Product Criteria 最终产品标准Enforcement Committee 执法委员会Enforcement of Monopolies 垄断的实施Enforcement Procedures 实施程序Engineering Services 工程服务Enquiry Point 咨询点Entertainment Services 娱乐服务Environmental Dumping 环境倾销Environmental Programmes 环境计划Environmental Services 环境服务Environmental Subsidy 环境补贴Equitable Treatment 公平待遇Escalated Tariff 升级关税Escape Clause 免税条款Established Quota 既定配额Estoppel 禁止翻供Evidence 证据Ex ante 采取措施前Ex Officio Action 依职权的行动Ex Parte Communications 单方面联系Ex post 采取措施后Exception Measures 例外措施Exceptions to the Agreement 协议例外Exchange Action 外汇措施Exchange Dumping 外汇倾销Exchange Dumping Duty 外汇倾销税Exchange Risk Programmes 外汇风险计划Exchange Taxes 汇兑税Excise Duty 消费税Exclusion Order 排除令Exclusive Agents 独家代理商Exclusive Economic Zone 专属经济区Exclusive Export Rights 专属出口权Exclusive Import Rights 专属进口权Exclusive Marketing Rights 独占行销权Executive Branch 执行机构Executive Committee 执行委员会Exemption Treatment 豁免待遇Ex-Factory Level 出厂价水平Exhibits 清单Existing Programs 现有计划Expiry review 到期复审Explicit Consensus 协商一致Exploitation of a Patent 专利的使用Exploitation of the Works 作品的利用Export Competition 出口竞争Export Competitiveness 出口竞争力Export Contingency 出口相倚性Export Credit 出口信贷Export Credit Guarantee 出口信贷担保Export Credit Insurance 出口信贷保险Export Credit Practice 出口信贷做法Export Duty 出口税Export Performance 出口实绩Export Prohibitions 出口禁止Export Restrictions 出口限制Export Subsidies 出口补贴Export Unit Value 出口单位价值FFabrics 织物Fact and adversarial elements 事实和对抗性要素Fact Finding 事实认定Fact Versus Law 事实与法律Facts Available 可获得的事实Factual Abstract 事实概要Factual Presentation 事实陈述Fair Comparison 公平比较False Declarations 虚假陈述Favorable Balance of Trade 贸易顺差Feasible Methods 可行性方法Fees and Formalities 规费和手续Fees or other Charges 规费和其他费用Fibre Content 纤维成分Final Anti-Dumping Duty 最终反倾销税Final Anti-Dumping Measure 最终反倾销措施Final Countervailing Duty 最终反补贴税Final Determination 最终裁定Final decision 终裁Final Duties 最终税Final Liability for Payment 最终支付责任Final Panel Report 专家组的最终报告Final Provisions 最后条款Financial Contribution 财政资助Financial Leasing Services 金融租赁服务Financial Regulations 财务条例Financial Services 金融服务Finding of Serious Injury 严重损害的认定Findings （争端解决）调查结果Findings and Conclusions 调查结果和结论Findings of Facts 事实的调查结果First Regionalism 第一次区域主义浪潮Fiscal Incentives 财政激励Flat Rate Subsidy 统一费率补贴Flat Tariff Structure 单一关税结构Flexibility Provisions 灵活条款Follow-Down Dumping 诱发性倾销Food Aid Convention 粮食援助公约Food Security 粮食安全Food Security Box 粮食安全政策Food-Importing Group 粮食进口集团Foreign Exchange Arrangements 外汇安排Foreign Tax Credit 外国税收抵免Foreign Trade 对外贸易Foreign Trade Barriers 对外贸易壁垒Foreign Trade Financing 对外贸易融资Foreign Trade Law 对外贸易法Foreign Trade Zones(FTZs) 对外贸易区Foreign-Source Income 国外来源收入Forestall the Imminent Threat 防止紧迫威胁Forfeiture 没收Format of Evidence 证据的形式Formula Tariff Reductions 公式化关税减让Forward Markets 远期市场Four Freedoms 四项自由Fragmented Industries 零散产业Framework Agreements 框架协议Franchise Tax 特许权税Franchising Services 特许经营服务Free and Fair Trade 自由和公平贸易Free Imports 自由进口货物Free Trade 自由贸易Free trade area（FTA）自由贸易区Free Trade Zone（FTZ）自由贸易园区Free-rider 免费搭车者（享受待遇而不减让成员）Freight Dumping 运费倾销Freight Forwarding Services 货代服务Full Contracting Party 正式缔约方Fully Grant Form 完全捐赠形式Function of Panels 专家组的职能Fundamental Fairness 基本公正Fundamental Research 基础研究Further Processing 进一步加工GGATT a La Carte 关贸总协定的选择性承诺General Exception 一般例外General Expenses 一般费用General Safeguard Clause 一般保障条款Geneva Round 日内瓦回合。

国际贸易术语解释通则中英文双语范本一1. 术语解释1.1 买方 (Buyer)买方是指在国际贸易中购买货物或服务的一方。

1.2 卖方 (Seller)卖方是指在国际贸易中销售货物或服务的一方。

1.3 进口商 (Importer)进口商是指购买国外货物或服务并将其引入国内市场的公司或个人。

1.4 出口商 (Exporter)出口商是指将国内货物或服务销售至国外市场的公司或个人。

2. 装运方式2.1 海运 (Sea freight)海运是指使用船舶运输货物或服务。

2.2 空运 (r freight)空运是指使用飞机运输货物或服务。

2.3 铁路运输 (Rlway transport)铁路运输是指使用铁路运输货物或服务。

2.4 公路运输 (Road transport)公路运输是指使用公路运输货物或服务。

3. 付款方式3.1 电汇 (Wire transfer)电汇是指买方将货款汇至卖方的银行账户。

3.2 信用证 (Letter of credit)信用证是买方在银行开立的文件，承诺在符合一定条件下支付货款给卖方。

3.3 支票 (Cheque)支票是买方开具的一种支付方式，卖方可以兑现该支票以收取货款。

4. 文件要求4.1 发票 (Invoice)发票是卖方向买方提供的货物或服务的明细和金额清单。

4.2 装箱单 (Packing list)装箱单是用于标明货物包装细节的文件。

4.3 提单 (Bill of lading)提单是海运货物的承运人提供给购买方的文件，用以证明货物已被运输。

4.4 船务提单 (Sea waybill)船务提单是用于证明货物交付给船运公司，并指示船运公司将货物交付给指定的收货人。

5. 法律名词及注释5.1 CIF价 (CIF price)CIF价是指成本、保险费和运费，即将商品运往目的地的总费用。

5.2 FOB价 (FOB price)FOB价是指货物在装船港口的价格，不包括运费、保险费等。

From Enbo edu由hediblue整理WTO 术语汉英对照和中文解释（自己整理的，供参考）1、“绿箱”措施、“黄箱”措施和“蓝箱”《农业协议》（Green Box measures/Amber Box measures /Balance-of-payments Provisions）Agreement on Agriculture, URAA“绿箱”措施是指由政府提供的、其费用不转嫁给消费者，且对生产者不具有价格支持作用的政府服务计划。

这些措施对农产品贸易和农业生产不会产生或仅有微小的扭曲影响，成员方无须承担约束和削减义务。

“绿箱”措施主要包括：一般农业服务支出，如农业科研、病虫害控制、培训、推广和咨询服务、检验服务、农产品市场促销服务、农业基础设施建设等；粮食安全储备补贴；粮食援助补贴；与生产不挂钩的收入补贴；收入保险计划；自然灾害救济补贴；农业生产者退休或转业补贴；农业资源储备补贴；农业结构调整投资补贴；农业环境保护补贴；落后地区援助补贴等。

“黄箱”措施是指，政府对农产品的直接干预和补贴，包括对种子、肥料、灌溉等农业投入品的补贴，对农产品营销贷款的补贴等。

这些措施对农产品贸易产生扭曲，成员方须承担约束和削减义务。

通常用综合支持量来衡量“黄箱”补贴的大小。

综合支持量是指，为支持农产品生产者而提供给某种农产品，或为支持广大农业生产者而提供给非特定产品的年支持水平，一般用货币单位表示。

《农业协议》规定，自1995年开始，以1986-1988年为基准期，发达成员在6年内逐步将综合支持量削减20%，发展中成员在10年内逐步削减13%。

对于发展中成员，一些“黄箱”措施被列入免予削减的范围。

主要包括农业投资补贴，对低收入或资源贫乏地区生产者提供的农业投入品补贴，为鼓励生产者不生产违禁麻醉作物而提供的支持等。

“蓝箱”措施是指，按固定面积和产量给予的补贴（如休耕补贴），按基期生产水平的85%或85%以下给予的补贴，按固定牲畜头数给予的补贴。

W T O简明术语AAccession 加入（世界贸易组织）Acceptable risk level 可接受的风险水平ACP---African、Caribbean and Pacific 非加太国家Actionable subsidy 可诉补贴Ad valorem tariff 从价税Aggregate measurement of support（AMS）（农业国内支持）综合支持量Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协议》Agreement on Textiles and Clothing（ATC）《纺织品与服装协议》Air transport services 空运服务Amber box measures （农业国内支持）“黄箱”措施Annex 附件Annual bound commitment （农业国内支持）年度约束水平Anti-circumvention 反规避Anti-competitive practice 反竞争行为Anti-dumping duty 反倾销税Audiovisual services 视听服务Automatic licensing 自动许可Appendix 附录Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appellate body （争端解决）上诉机构Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection 适当的动植物卫生保护水平Acquisition of intellectual property rights 知识产权的获得Arbitration 仲裁Areas of low pest or disease prevalence 病虫害低度流行区Assessment of risk 风险评估Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations（ANCER）《澳大利亚新西兰紧密经济关系协定》BBerne Convention 《伯尔尼公约》Base tariff level 基础税率Basic Instrument and Selected Documents（BISD）《基本文件和资料选编》Basic telecommunication services 基础电信服务Best information available （反倾销）可获得的最佳信息Blue box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱”措施Balance-of-payments（BOP）provisions 国际收支条款Built-in agenda （世界贸易组织）既定议程Business services 商务服务Bound level 约束水平Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Causal link 因果联系Ceiling bindings （关税）上限约束Central Product Classification（CPC）《（联合国）中心产品分类》Challenge Procedures （政府采购）质疑程序Clean report of findings 检验结果清洁报告书Codex Alimentarius Commission（CAC）食品法典委员会Common Agriculture Policy（CAP）（欧洲共同体）共同农业政策Communication services 通信服务Conciliation 调解Confidential information 机密信息Conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序Circumvention 规避Combined tariff 复合税Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Committee on Trade and Development（CTD）贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Environment（CTE）贸易与环境委员会Compensation 补偿Competition policy 竞争政策Complaining party （争端解决）申诉方Computed value 计算价格Consensus 协商一致Constructed value （反倾销）结构价格Consultation 磋商Consumption abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Copyright 版权Council for Trade in Goods（CTG）货物贸易理事会Counterfeit trademark goods 冒牌货Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing duty 反补贴税Contraction parties 关税与贸易总协定缔约方Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross retaliation 交叉报复Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Current market access（CMA）现行市场准入Current total AMS （农业国内支持）现行综合支持量Customs duty 关税Customs tariff 海关税率，海关税则Customs value 海关完税价值Customs valuation 海关估价Customs union 关税同盟DDeveloped member 发达成员Developing member 发展中成员Direct payment （农业国内支持）直接支付Distribution services 分销服务Domestic industry 国内产业Domestic production 国内生产Domestic sales requirement 国内销售要求Domestic subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support （农业）国内支持Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes（DSU）《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Due restraint （对农产品反补贴）适当克制Dumping 倾销Dumping margin 倾销幅度EEconomies in transition 转型经济体Enabling clause 授权条款Enforcement of intellectual property rights 知识产权法Equivalence （检验检疫标准）等效性European Communities（EC）欧洲共同体European Free Trade Association （EFTA）欧洲自由贸易联盟Electronic commerce 电子商务Enquiry point 咨询点European Union 欧洲联盟Exhaustion of intellectual property rights 知识产权权利用尽Existing subject matter （知识产权）现有客体Ex officio 依职权Export credit 出口信贷Export credit guarantee 出口信贷担保Export subsidy 出口补贴FFall-back method （海关估价）“回顾”方法Findings 争端解决调查结果First-come first served 先来先得Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）联合国粮农组织Food security 粮食安全Foreign direct investment（FDI）外国直接投资Foreign exchange balancing requirement 外汇平衡要求Free-rider 搭便车（指根据最惠国待遇享受其他成员贸易减让而不进行相应减让的成员）Free trade area 自由贸易区GGATT 1947 《1947年关税与贸易总协定》GATT 1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Service（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Agreement on Tariff and Trade （GATT）《关税与贸易总协定》General Council 总理事会General exceptions 一般例外Geographical indications （知识产权）地理标识Genetically Modified Organisms（GMO）转基因生物Good offices 斡旋Government procurement 政府采购Green box measures （农业国内支持）“绿箱”措施Grey area measures 灰色区域措施General Preferential System（GPS）普惠制HHarmonized Commodity Description and Coding System（HS）《商品名称及编码协调制度》Havana Charter 哈瓦那宪章Horizontal commitments （服务贸易）水平承诺IIdentical product 相同产品Illustrative list 例示清单Import deposits 进口押金Import licensing 进口许可Import substitution 进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Import variable duties 进口差价税Industrial designs 工业设计Infant industry 幼稚产业Information Technology Agreement（ITA）《信息技术协议》Injunctions 禁令Initial negotiating rights （INRs）最初谈判权（初谈权）Integration process 一体化进程Intellectual property rights（IPRs）知识产权Internal taxes 国内税International Labor Organization (ILO ) 国际劳工组织International Monetary Fund （IMF）国际货币基金组织International Organization for Standardization （ISO）国际标准化组织International Plant Protection Convention 《国际植物保护公约》International Textile and Clothing Bureau （ITCB）国际纺织品与服装局International Trade Organization （ITO）国际贸易组织International Trade Center （ITC）国际贸易中心International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行JJudicial review 司法审议Judicial person （服务贸易）法人KLLayout-designs（Topographies）of integrated circuits 集成电路外观设计（拓扑图）Least-developed countries （LDCs）最不发达国家License fee （知识产权）许可费Like product 同类产品Limited tendering （政府采购）有限招标Local content requirement 当地含量要求Local equity requirement 当地股份要求MMad-cow disease 疯牛病Maintenance of intellectual property rights 知识产权的维护Maritime transport services 海运服务Market access 市场准入Market boards 市场营销机构Market price support 市场价格支持Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 《建立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协定》Marrakesh protocol 《马拉喀什协定书》Material injury 实质损害Medication 调停Minimum market access （MMA）最低市场准入Minimum values （海关估价）最低限价Most-favored-nation treatment （MFN）最惠国待遇MFN exemptions （服务贸易）最惠国待遇例外Ministerial conference 部长级会议Modalities 模式Modulation of quota clause （保障措施）配额调整条款Movement of natural persons 自然人流动Multi-Fiber Arrangement （MFA）《多种纤维协定》Multilateral trade negotiations （MTNs）多边贸易谈判Mutual recognition agreement 相互承认协议NNational treatment 国民待遇Natural person 自然人Negative standard （原产地）否定标准Neighboring rights （版权）邻接权New issues （世界贸易组织）新议题Non-actionable subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-automatic licensing 非自动许可Non-discrimination 非歧视Non-violation complaints 非违规之诉North American Free Trade Agreement（NAFTA）《北美自由贸易协定》Notification obligation 通知义务Non-tariff measures（NTMs）非关税措施Non-trade concern 非贸易关切Nullification or impairment （利益）丧失或减损oOffer （谈判）出价Open tendering （政府采购）公开招标Orderly marketing arrangement （OMA）有序销售安排Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OEDC）经济合作与发展组织Original member （世界贸易组织）创始成员PPanel 争端解决专家组Paris convention 《巴黎公约》Patents 专利Peace clause 关于农产品反补贴的和平条款Pest or disease-free area 病虫害非疫区Pirated copyright goods 盗版货Plurilateral agreement 诸边协议Positive standard （原产地）肯定标准Presence of natural person 自然人存在Preshipment inspection 装运前检验Price verification （装运前检验）价格核实Price undertaking （反倾销）价格承诺Principal supplying interest 主要供应利益Product mandating requirement 产品授权要求Product-to-product method 产品对产品（谈判）方法Production subsidy 生产补贴Professional services 专业服务Prohibited subsidy 被禁止的补贴Protocol accession 加入议定书Protocol of Provisional Application of GATT 关贸总协定临时适用协议书Provisional application 临时适用Prudential measures 审慎措施QQuads 四方集团（至美国、欧盟、日本和加拿大）Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantity trigger level （农业特殊保障措施）数量触发水平RReciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Reference years 参照年Regional trade agreements 区域贸易协议Request （谈判）要价Responding Party （争端解决）应诉方Restrictive business practices 限制性商业惯例Risk analysis 风险分析Risk assessment 风险评估Roll-back 逐步退回Rome convention 《罗马公约》Round （知识产权）使用费Rules of origin 原产地规则SSafeguards 保障措施Sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS）measures 卫生与植物措施Schedule of commitments （服务贸易）承诺表Schedule of concessions （货物贸易）减让表Sectoral negotiations 部门谈判Security exceptions 安全例外Selective tendering （政府采购）选择性招标Separate customs territory 单独关税区Serious injury 严重损害Serious prejudice 严重侵害Simple average tariff 简单平均关税Similar product 类似产品Special and differential（S&D）treatment provisions 特殊与差别待遇条款Special Drawing Rights （SDRs）（国际货币基金组织）特别提款权Special safeguard（SSG）measures （农产品）特殊保障措施Specific tariff 从量税Specificity （补贴）专项性Standardizing bodies 标准化机构Standards 标准Standstill 维持现状State trading enterprises （STEs）国营贸易企业Subsidy 补贴Subsidies in general 一般补贴Substantial supplying interest 实质供应利益Substantial transformation （产品）实质改变Suspend concessions 暂停减让TTariffs 关税Tariff bindings 关税约束Tariff classification 税则归类Tariff concessions 关税减让Tariff equivalent 关税等值Tariff escalation 关税升级Tariff headings 税目Tariffication 关税化Tariff line 税号Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff rate quotas/ Tariff quotas （TRQ）关税配额Technical assistance 技术援助Technical barriers to trade（TBT）技术性贸易壁垒Technical regulationsTelecommunication services 电信服务Terms of reference （TOR）（争端解决专家组）职责范围Textile Monitoring Body （TMB）（关税与贸易总协定）纺织品监督机构Textile Surveillance Body (TSB) (关税与贸易总协定)纺织品监督机构Tokyo Round Codes 东京回合守则Total AMS （农业国内支持）综合支持总量Trade-balancing requirement 贸易平衡要求Trade facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in civil aircraft 民用航空器贸易Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in services 服务贸易Trademark（TM）商标Trade Policy Review Body （TPRB）贸易政策审议机构Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM）贸易政策审议机制Trade-related intellectual property rights （TRIPs）与贸易有关的知识产权Trade-related investment measures （TRIMs）Trade remedies 贸易救济（措施）Trade-weighted average tariff 贸易加权平均关税Transaction Value 成交价格Transition economies 转型经济体Transitional safeguard measures （纺织品）过渡性保障措施Transparency 透明度Transport services 运输服务Trigger prices （农产品特殊保障措施）触发价格UUndisclosed information （知识产权）未公开信息United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合VVariable duties 差价税Value-added telecommunication services 增值电信服务Voluntary export restraints （VERs）自愿出口限制WWaiver （义务）豁免Washington Treaty 《华盛顿条约》Withdraw concessions 撤回减让World Customs Organization（WCO）世界海关组织World Intellectual Property Organization （WIPO）世界知识产权组织World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织WTO Members 世界贸易组织全体成员WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处。

1.合同的标的 Name of Commodity2.凭规格买卖（Sales by specification）3.凭等级买卖（Sales by Grade）4.凭标准买卖（Sale by Standard）5.良好平均品质（Fair Average Quality , F.A.Q.)6.上好可销品质（Good Merchantable Quality, G.M.Q)7.凭商标或品牌买卖（Sale by Trade Mark or Brand Name)8.品质公差(quality tolerance)9.毛重（GROSS WEIGHT）10.净重（NET WEIGHT）11.公量（CONDITIONED WEIGHT）12.理论重量（THEORETICAL WEIGHT）13.溢短装条款（MORE OR LESS）14.运输包装（shipping packing ）15.运输包装（shipping packing ）16.运输标志（shipping marks）：唛头17.指示性标志（indicative marks）18.警示性标志（warning marks）19.销售包装selling packing20.中性包装（neutral packing）21.《2000通则》（INCOTERM2000）22.国际商会(International Chamber of Commerce，ICC)23.E组（DEPARTURE起运）EXW （EX WORKS）工厂交货（…指定地点）24.F组（MAIN CARRIAGE UNPAID 主运费未付）25. FCA：FREE CARRIER货交承运人（…指定地点）26.FAS：FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP装运港船边交货（…指定装运港）27.FOB：FREE ON BOARD装运港船上交货（……指定装运港）28.C组（MAIN CARRIAGE PAID主要运费已付）29.CFR：成本加运费（…指定目的港）30.CIF：成本、保险加运费付至（…指定目的港）31.CPT：运费付至（…指定目的地）32.CIP：运费、保险费付至（…指定目的地）33.D组（ARRIVAL到达）34.DAF：DELIVERED AT FRONTIER 边境交货（…指定地点）35.DES：DELIVERED EX SHIP 目的港船上交货（…指定目的港）36.DEQ ：DELIVERED EX QUAY 目的港码头交货（…指定目的港）37.DDU： DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID 未完税交货（…指定目的地）38.DDP： DELIVERED DUTY PAID 完税后交货（…指定目的地）39.船货衔接 (Link-up of vessel and goods)40.FOB术语的变形(Variations)（1）FOB Liner Terms（班轮条件）（2）FOB Under Tackle（吊钩下交货）涉及驳运费（Lighterage ) 时由卖方负担。

世界贸易组织一：中英全称GA TT——General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade——关税与贸易总协定WTO——World Trade Organization——世界贸易组织（95年1月1日正式成立）IMF——International Monetary Fund——国际货币基金组织IBRD——International Bank of Reconstruction and Development——国际复兴开发银行GA TT1994——《1994年关税与贸易总协定》GA TS——General Agreement on Trade in Services——《服务贸易总协定》TRIPS——Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights——《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》DSB——Dispute settlement body——WTO争端解决机制ICSID——International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes——解决投资争端国际中心（WB的争端解决机制）TPRB——Trade Policy Review Body ——贸易政策评审机构UNCTAD——United Nations Conference on Trade and Development——联合国贸易与发展会议NGOS——Non-government Organizations——非政府间组织RIAS——Regional Integration agreements——区域经济一体化FTA——Free Trade Area——自由贸易区CU——Customs Union——关税同盟CM——Common Market——共同市场MFN——Most Favored Nation Treatment——最惠国待遇原则National Treatment——国民待遇原则Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT1994——《海关估价协定》Agreement on Preshipment Inspection——《装运前检验协定》Agreement on Rules of Origin——《原产地规则协定》HS——Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System——《商品名称及编码协调制度》Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures——《进口许可证程序协定》SCM ——Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures——《补贴与反补贴措施协定》Agreements on Safeguards——《保障措施协定》TBT——Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade——《贸易技术壁垒协定》SPS——Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures——《卫生与动植物检疫措施协定》Agreement on Agriculture——《农业协定》TRIMS——Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures——《与贸易有关的投资措施协定》二：名词解释祖父条款（grandfather rights）：《临时适用议定书》中规定对GATT实质部分的内容规定，各国均享有优先适用本国业已存在的国内法的权利。

W T O简明术语AAccession 加入（世界贸易组织）Acceptable risk level 可接受的风险水平ACP---African、Caribbean and Pacific 非加太国家Actionable subsidy 可诉补贴Ad valorem tariff 从价税Aggregate measurement of support（AMS）（农业国内支持）综合支持量Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协议》Agreement on Textiles and Clothing（ATC）《纺织品与服装协议》Air transport services 空运服务Amber box measures （农业国内支持）“黄箱”措施Annex 附件Annual bound commitment（农业国内支持）年度约束水平Anti-circumvention 反规避Anti-competitive practice 反竞争行为Anti-dumping duty 反倾销税Audiovisual services 视听服务Automatic licensing 自动许可Appendix 附录Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appellate body （争端解决）上诉机构Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection 适当的动植物卫生保护水平Acquisition of intellectual property rights 知识产权的获得Arbitration 仲裁Areas of low pest or disease prevalence 病虫害低度流行区Assessment of risk 风险评估Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations（ANCER）《澳大利亚新西兰紧密经济关系协定》BBerne Convention 《伯尔尼公约》Base tariff level 基础税率Basic Instrument and Selected Documents（BISD）《基本文件和资料选编》Basic telecommunication services 基础电信服务Best information available （反倾销）可获得的最佳信息Blue box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱”措施Balance-of-payments（BOP）provisions 国际收支条款Built-in agenda （世界贸易组织）既定议程Business services 商务服务Bound level 约束水平Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Causal link 因果联系Ceiling bindings （关税）上限约束Central Product Classification（CPC）《（联合国）中心产品分类》Challenge Procedures （政府采购）质疑程序Clean report of findings 检验结果清洁报告书Codex Alimentarius Commission（CAC）食品法典委员会Common Agriculture Policy（CAP）（欧洲共同体）共同农业政策Communication services 通信服务Conciliation 调解Confidential information 机密信息Conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序Circumvention 规避Combined tariff 复合税Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Committee on Trade and Development（CTD）贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Environment（CTE）贸易与环境委员会Compensation 补偿Competition policy 竞争政策Complaining party （争端解决）申诉方Computed value 计算价格Consensus 协商一致Constructed value （反倾销）结构价格Consultation 磋商Consumption abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Copyright 版权Council for Trade in Goods（CTG）货物贸易理事会Counterfeit trademark goods 冒牌货Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing duty 反补贴税Contraction parties 关税与贸易总协定缔约方Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross retaliation 交叉报复Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Current market access（CMA）现行市场准入Current total AMS （农业国内支持）现行综合支持量Customs duty 关税Customs tariff 海关税率，海关税则Customs value 海关完税价值Customs valuation 海关估价Customs union 关税同盟DDeveloped member 发达成员Developing member 发展中成员Direct payment （农业国内支持）直接支付Distribution services 分销服务Domestic industry 国内产业Domestic production 国内生产Domestic sales requirement 国内销售要求Domestic subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support （农业）国内支持Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes（DSU）《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Due restraint （对农产品反补贴）适当克制Dumping 倾销Dumping margin 倾销幅度EEconomies in transition 转型经济体Enabling clause 授权条款Enforcement of intellectual property rights 知识产权法Equivalence （检验检疫标准）等效性European Communities（EC）欧洲共同体European Free Trade Association （EFTA）欧洲自由贸易联盟Electronic commerce 电子商务Enquiry point 咨询点European Union 欧洲联盟Exhaustion of intellectual property rights 知识产权权利用尽Existing subject matter （知识产权）现有客体Ex officio 依职权Export credit 出口信贷Export credit guarantee 出口信贷担保Export subsidy 出口补贴FFall-back method （海关估价）“回顾”方法Findings 争端解决调查结果First-come first served 先来先得Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）联合国粮农组织Food security 粮食安全Foreign direct investment（FDI）外国直接投资Foreign exchange balancing requirement 外汇平衡要求Free-rider 搭便车（指根据最惠国待遇享受其他成员贸易减让而不进行相应减让的成员）Free trade area 自由贸易区GGATT 1947 《1947年关税与贸易总协定》GATT 1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Service（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Agreement on Tariff and Trade （GATT）《关税与贸易总协定》General Council 总理事会General exceptions 一般例外Geographical indications （知识产权）地理标识Genetically Modified Organisms（GMO）转基因生物Good offices 斡旋Government procurement 政府采购Green box measures （农业国内支持）“绿箱”措施Grey area measures 灰色区域措施General Preferential System（GPS）普惠制HHarmonized Commodity Description and Coding System（HS）《商品名称及编码协调制度》Havana Charter 哈瓦那宪章Horizontal commitments （服务贸易）水平承诺IIdentical product 相同产品Illustrative list 例示清单Import deposits 进口押金Import licensing 进口许可Import substitution 进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Import variable duties 进口差价税Industrial designs 工业设计Infant industry 幼稚产业Information Technology Agreement（ITA）《信息技术协议》Injunctions 禁令Initial negotiating rights （INRs）最初谈判权（初谈权）Integration process 一体化进程Intellectual property rights（IPRs）知识产权Internal taxes 国内税International Labor Organization (ILO ) 国际劳工组织International Monetary Fund （IMF）国际货币基金组织International Organization for Standardization （ISO）国际标准化组织International Plant Protection Convention 《国际植物保护公约》International Textile and Clothing Bureau （ITCB）国际纺织品与服装局International Trade Organization （ITO）国际贸易组织International Trade Center （ITC）国际贸易中心International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行JJudicial review 司法审议Judicial person （服务贸易）法人KLLayout-designs（Topographies）of integrated circuits 集成电路外观设计（拓扑图）Least-developed countries （LDCs）最不发达国家License fee （知识产权）许可费Like product 同类产品Limited tendering （政府采购）有限招标Local content requirement 当地含量要求Local equity requirement 当地股份要求Mad-cow disease 疯牛病Maintenance of intellectual property rights 知识产权的维护Maritime transport services 海运服务Market access 市场准入Market boards 市场营销机构Market price support 市场价格支持Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 《建立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协定》Marrakesh protocol 《马拉喀什协定书》Material injury 实质损害Medication 调停Minimum market access （MMA）最低市场准入Minimum values （海关估价）最低限价Most-favored-nation treatment （MFN）最惠国待遇MFN exemptions （服务贸易）最惠国待遇例外Ministerial conference 部长级会议Modalities 模式Modulation of quota clause （保障措施）配额调整条款Movement of natural persons 自然人流动Multi-Fiber Arrangement （MFA）《多种纤维协定》Multilateral trade negotiations （MTNs）多边贸易谈判Mutual recognition agreement 相互承认协议NNational treatment 国民待遇Natural person 自然人Negative standard （原产地）否定标准Neighboring rights （版权）邻接权New issues （世界贸易组织）新议题Non-actionable subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-automatic licensing 非自动许可Non-discrimination 非歧视Non-violation complaints 非违规之诉North American Free Trade Agreement（NAFTA）《北美自由贸易协定》Notification obligation 通知义务Non-tariff measures（NTMs）非关税措施Non-trade concern 非贸易关切Nullification or impairment （利益）丧失或减损Offer （谈判）出价Open tendering （政府采购）公开招标Orderly marketing arrangement （OMA）有序销售安排Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OEDC）经济合作与发展组织Original member （世界贸易组织）创始成员PPanel 争端解决专家组Paris convention 《巴黎公约》Patents 专利Peace clause 关于农产品反补贴的和平条款Pest or disease-free area 病虫害非疫区Pirated copyright goods 盗版货Plurilateral agreement 诸边协议Positive standard （原产地）肯定标准Presence of natural person 自然人存在Preshipment inspection 装运前检验Price verification （装运前检验）价格核实Price undertaking （反倾销）价格承诺Principal supplying interest 主要供应利益Product mandating requirement 产品授权要求Product-to-product method 产品对产品（谈判）方法Production subsidy 生产补贴Professional services 专业服务Prohibited subsidy 被禁止的补贴Protocol accession 加入议定书Protocol of Provisional Application of GATT 关贸总协定临时适用协议书Provisional application 临时适用Prudential measures 审慎措施QQuads 四方集团（至美国、欧盟、日本和加拿大）Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantity trigger level （农业特殊保障措施）数量触发水平RReciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Reference years 参照年Regional trade agreements 区域贸易协议Request （谈判）要价Responding Party （争端解决）应诉方Restrictive business practices 限制性商业惯例Risk analysis 风险分析Risk assessment 风险评估Roll-back 逐步退回Rome convention 《罗马公约》Round （知识产权）使用费Rules of origin 原产地规则SSafeguards 保障措施Sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS）measures 卫生与植物措施Schedule of commitments （服务贸易）承诺表Schedule of concessions （货物贸易）减让表Sectoral negotiations 部门谈判Security exceptions 安全例外Selective tendering （政府采购）选择性招标Separate customs territory 单独关税区Serious injury 严重损害Serious prejudice 严重侵害Simple average tariff 简单平均关税Similar product 类似产品Special and differential（S&D）treatment provisions 特殊与差别待遇条款Special Drawing Rights （SDRs）（国际货币基金组织）特别提款权Special safeguard（SSG）measures （农产品）特殊保障措施Specific tariff 从量税Specificity （补贴）专项性Standardizing bodies 标准化机构Standards 标准Standstill 维持现状State trading enterprises （STEs）国营贸易企业Subsidy 补贴Subsidies in general 一般补贴Substantial supplying interest 实质供应利益Substantial transformation （产品）实质改变Suspend concessions 暂停减让TTariffs 关税Tariff bindings 关税约束Tariff classification 税则归类Tariff concessions 关税减让Tariff equivalent 关税等值Tariff escalation 关税升级Tariff headings 税目Tariffication 关税化Tariff line 税号Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff rate quotas/ Tariff quotas （TRQ）关税配额Technical assistance 技术援助Technical barriers to trade（TBT）技术性贸易壁垒Technical regulationsTelecommunication services 电信服务Terms of reference （TOR）（争端解决专家组）职责范围Textile Monitoring Body （TMB）（关税与贸易总协定）纺织品监督机构Textile Surveillance Body (TSB) (关税与贸易总协定)纺织品监督机构Tokyo Round Codes 东京回合守则Total AMS （农业国内支持）综合支持总量Trade-balancing requirement 贸易平衡要求Trade facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in civil aircraft 民用航空器贸易Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in services 服务贸易Trademark（TM）商标Trade Policy Review Body （TPRB）贸易政策审议机构Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM）贸易政策审议机制Trade-related intellectual property rights （TRIPs）与贸易有关的知识产权Trade-related investment measures （TRIMs）Trade remedies 贸易救济（措施）Trade-weighted average tariff 贸易加权平均关税Transaction Value 成交价格Transition economies 转型经济体Transitional safeguard measures （纺织品）过渡性保障措施Transparency 透明度Transport services 运输服务Trigger prices （农产品特殊保障措施）触发价格UUndisclosed information （知识产权）未公开信息United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合VVariable duties 差价税Value-added telecommunication services 增值电信服务Voluntary export restraints （VERs）自愿出口限制WWaiver （义务）豁免Washington Treaty 《华盛顿条约》Withdraw concessions 撤回减让World Customs Organization（WCO）世界海关组织World Intellectual Property Organization （WIPO）世界知识产权组织World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织WTO Members 世界贸易组织全体成员WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处。

W T O 简明术语（中英文对照）Ad valorem tariff 从价税Anti-dumping duty反倾销税Appeal（争端解决）上诉ATC--Agreement on Textiles and Clothing《纺织品与服装协议》Bound level约束水平Compensation补偿Consensus协商一致Consultation磋商Countervailing duty反补贴税Customs valuation 海关估价DSB--Dispute Settlement Body争端解决机构Dumping倾销Export subsidy出口补贴GATS--General Agreement on Trade in Service《服务贸易总协定》GATT--General Agreement on Tariff and Trade《关税与贸易总协定》Government procurement政府采购Import licencing进口许可Import substitution进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Market access市场准入Market price support市场价格支持Material injury实质损害MFN--Most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇National treatment国民待遇Non-actionable subsidy（补贴协议）不可诉补贴NTMs--Non-tariff measures非关税措施Plurilateral agreement诸边协议Prohibited subsidy（补贴协议）被禁止的补贴Protocols议定书PSI--Preshipment inspection装运前检验Rules of origin原产地规则Safeguard Measures保障措施Schedule of concessions承诺减让表Specific tariff从量税SPS --Sanitary and phytosanitary measures动植物卫生检疫措施Subsidy补贴Tariff binding关税约束承诺Tariffication 关税化TBT--Technical barriers to trade技术性贸易壁垒TPRM--Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制Transparency透明度TRIMs--Trade-related investment measures与贸易有关的投资设施TRIPS--Trade related intellectual property rights与贸易有关的知识产权TRQ--Tariff rate quotas/tariff quotas关税配额Waiver（WTO义务的）豁免WTO--World Trading Organization世界贸易组织Ad valorem Tariff 从价onTextiles and Clothing (ATC) 《纺织品与服装协议》Anti-dumping Duty 反倾销税Arbitration 仲裁Balance-of-payments（BOP）Provisions 国际收支条款Ceiling Bindings （关税）上限约束Conciliation 调解Compensation 补偿Consensus 协商一致Countervailing Duty 反补贴税Customs Valuation 海关估价de minimis 微量Export Subsidy 出口补贴GATT1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Services（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Exceptions 一般例外Illustrative List 例示清单Import Licensing 进口许可Import Surcharge 进口附加税Infant Industry 幼稚产业Intellectual Property Rights（IPRs）知识产权Market Access 市场准入National Treatment 国民待遇Non-actionable Subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-tariffs Measures（NTMs）非关税措施。