二、病因及发病机制
(Etiology and Pathogenesis )
• 常见病毒有柯萨奇病毒(柯萨奇B3病毒最多见)、埃 可病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、 传染性肝炎病毒、流感和副流感病毒、麻疹病毒、单 纯疱疹病毒及流行性腮腺炎病毒等。
• The most common causative agents in children are coxsackievirus B, echovirus, poliovirus, respiratory syncytial viruse, adenovirus, infectious hepatitis virus, influenza and parainfluenza virus, measles virus, herpes simplex virus and epidemic parotitis virus.
• in older children and adolescents, it is often asymptomatic and comes to clinical attention primarily as a precursor to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
• 有心力衰竭者,心脏明显扩大,端坐呼吸,双肺 出现湿罗音,肝脏肿大有压痛;
• In the case with acute heart failure, enormously enlarged heart, orthopnea, moist rales and liver swelling may occur.
• 暴发心源性休克者,常出现烦躁不安、呼吸困难、 面色苍白、四肢末梢青紫、皮肤湿冷、多汗、脉 搏细弱、血压下降或不能测出、心动过速、奔马 律。