暨大笔记-口语

暨南大学mba面试中的英文介绍Jinan University Management school Individualinterview(Chinese)One to three (examiners)I have more than 10 years working experience IndustryFinancial industry Manufacturing industryI want to do job transition Real estateConstruction/architecturing industryMediaTransportation Pharmasceutical industry LogisticsCatering /service T elecommunicationI have been working for …..industry for ./..years Achievement(leadership) Failure中文/英文各一份儿Fluency1 始有JINAN，便有商科1918 MBA知行团张謇2 SIMBA 了解中国的国情政情商情华商务实国企公务员中小企业者3 金融行业的传统优势4 国际化AMBA AACSB QUIS Reporter and leader 的细分SolutionParaphraseGood afternoon,dear judges I am so glad to be here to attend this interviewPls introduce your current work/yourself?My name is….After graduating from……University,I started my career life in ./…company as a …clerk/salesman.My company specialize in……businessThen I got a pomotion as a sales manager,whichis my current work.My jobres ponsibility is to ……Why do you want to study MBA1 study managerial knowledge systematically2 I met a bottle neck in my career life,so I want to finish careertransition./career-value add 3 In this commercial world,I have to enhance my competitve edge through MBA study 4Expand my interpersonal networkWhy do you choose Jinan MBA?1 As the saying goes,”Since Jinan university was established,buisiness discipline was on the head of its list”,you know,in 1918,it has business education10 anniversaryCould you paraphrase the key word….for me?2 Jinan Univeristy is a famous oversea Chinese university ,aiming to cultivate oversea Chinese talents and global talents.3 Jinan MBA is good at financial field ….and I work in this industry ,too.4 Jinan MBA focus on practical Chinese business management.5 Jinan MBA is famous forits brand communication,and my friend/leader/colleague,who is the alumni of Jinan MBA,recommends me to study it.Wh y do you think you are qualified for Jinan MBA?I have strong desire to study in my lifelong time,so I am suitable to be an MBA student2 I have many years ofmanagement experience,which can be shared with other candidates 3 I have strong leadership role in my team and at thesame time,my executive ability is not bad.4 far-sightedI can foresee some prospects of my industry gifted。

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）*******************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A. diversifiedB. disseminatedC. convergedD. accelerated2. Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal3. The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethalC. metricD. cordial4. Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation5. The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A. confusedB. bewilderedC. conversedD. hampered6. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on timeA. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in7. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed8. Mary is _______ than Alice.A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher9. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than10. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell11. Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A. cursedB. echoedC. bouncedD. hailed12.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A. defersB. curtailsC. triggersD. sparks13. The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A. gone onB. gone in forC. gone withD. gone through with16. In 1791 RC, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally ___________ his property.A. consideredB. considered asC. considered to beD. considered for17. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to ____________ for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.A. increase the incentiveB. increase the punishmentC. decrease the incentiveD. increase the punishment18. The federal government subsidized bank loans to mass production builders of suburbs everywhere in the country on condition that those builders ________ no homes to African-Americans.A. soldB. sellC. have soldD. had sold19. A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence __________ the theory thatglobal forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact _________ to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65million years ago.A. to support ...... contributedB. supporting ...... contributedC. to support ...... contributingD. supporting ...... contributing20. According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue _________ his mother and the body _________his wife.A. for that of ...... for that ofB. for that on ...... for that onC. after that on ...... after that onD. after that of ...... after that of21. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, ________ to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.A. what is believedB. that is believedC. which is believedD. and it is believed22. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to ______ in the same way ____ to establish big businesses.A. it ...... ΦB. it ......asC. them ...... asD. them ...... Φ23. Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape’s ____________ probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.A. and so wereB. and such wasC. and so wasD. and such were24. He had lived his life thus far as a sort of ________ obedient pet - first to his mother and father, then to his wife. Whit had always done what others had wanted him to do, not what he wanted.A. atrociousB. baroqueC. affableD. arrogant25. In the 1960s, even as liberal thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr. ________ a minimum income for moral reasons, conservatives like Richard Nixon considered it on practical grounds.A. censuredB. championedC. conceitedD. confronted26. The stimulator was proven to be effective but not _______: It could reduce tension and pain, improve mood, and marginally boost memory.A. mischievousB. miraculousC. momentousD. minatory27. The word “race” conjures biology, a set of inheritable --- and ________ --- physical characteristics. But it's actually a cultural and social category, not a biological one, which is why it changes over time.A. changeableB. impeccableC. immutableD. impenetrable28. With his _______ yet gracious manner, Jon had helped them find a good neighborhood for their family, introduced them to his banker, and even explained some of the odd American colloquialismsthey couldn't understand, as they all laughed together over well-aged bottles of his favorite Bordeaux.A. grandioseB. gullibleC. grotesqueD. gregarious29. Virtue is useful in every country, in every time, in all peoples; wherever one finds humans, virtue is _________ because no one fails to sense its usefulnessA. eternalB. estimableC. etherealD. exquisite30. Two of his grandchildren implore him to _________ another journey. The city where they live is threatened by a plague.A. embark onB. embark forC. embark atD. embark ofII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of six passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions and 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security －even comfort －for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days－lack of food warmth, shelter－would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility －in some cases the promise－of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been “Ultimately I’m on my own”. Now it became “ultimately I’ll be taken care of”.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clintonsigned a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested－the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to “I’ll-be-taken-care-of” took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.31. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost jobs.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.32. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.33. Garanttee on economic security declined in 1980-1990 because ________.A. the corporate laid off large number of employeesB. the government cut in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuring occurred as American lost its competitiveness globallyD. the power of labors unions declined34. Thousands of employees chose Enron to invest mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.35. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future36. What has made economic security possible and change people’s attitude towards life in 19th century?Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use suchsystematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.37. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？　A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.　B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.　C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.38. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to　A. Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.　B. Identify a problem.　C. Bring together disparate facts.D. Stipulate clear goals.39. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？　A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.　B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.　C. Manager X takes action first and then explains later in solving a problem；Manager Y does not.　D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.40. The text provides support for which of the following statements？A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decisionanalysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D. Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.41. What is the author’s attitude towards using institution in management?A. It is arbitrary and irrational.B. It deters the effective implementation of the work.C. It improves the efficiency of the work.D. It is better than analyzing the issue thoroughly first and then acting.42. Why does the author say “thinking is inseparable from acting in the intuitive style of executive management”?Passage 3Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as faras possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.43. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.A. curiousB. depressedC. thoughtfulD. aggressive44. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to________.A. differentiate different meanings of a particular facial expressionB. support Darwin's theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions45. Which of the following statement CAN NOT prove the universality of facial expressions?A. People use the same facial expressions when smiling.B. People from other cultures can easily recognize the facial expressions with similar meaning.C. Some expressions are more intense in one culture than in the other.D. People have similar response to the same story.46. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They were confused at the emotion shown in photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.47. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.48. Explain “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, of all outward signs softens our emotions."” based on “facial-feedback hypothesis”.Passage 4No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people.Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations.That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those。

暨南大学硕士研究生入学复试英语口语测试应试指导评分标准：对考生口语的测试主要从三个方面进行评价：1、语言准确性和范围：从语法与用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性和词汇的丰富程度、发音的准确性等诸多因素来测评考生的口语能力。

2、话语的长短和连贯性：从在讨论有关话题时连贯表达思想的长短、内容的连贯性以及寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短来测评考生。

3、语言的灵活性和适合性：测试考生反应是否灵活，能否自然、积极参与讨论；话语是否得体，语言的使用总体上能否与语境、功能和目的相适应。

以上三个方面分成四等，A为优，B为良，C为及格，D为不及格，然后综合起来，形成口试成绩（形成具体的分数）。

主持本次口语测试的考官都是暨南大学主讲研究生英语的教师，是获得英国BEC口试中国认证考点的资深考官，主考BEC或主考研究生复试口语的测试考生数在200人以上。

题型与应考策略：暨南大学硕士研究生的英语口语复试分三个部分，分别为conversation,presentation和discussion,这个考试循序渐进，充分体现出其“人性化”的特点。

其考试形式从易到难，考生陈述的内容由少至多，话题由浅到深，旨在消除考生的紧张心理，让考生轻松自然地进入状态。

为了保证考生能在自身熟知的领域内尽可能充分地表现语言运用能力，第二部分是在三个话题中抽或选一个进行回答。

第一部分：conversation，比较简单，在这部分考试中，考官将就考生的个人情况或工作学习、情况提问，考生作答，大约2－3分钟，这部分考试的话题相对比较简单、浅显，不会超过日常会话的范畴，而且大部分话题都类似，事前的准备足以应付大多数的问题。

并且，考官提问的问句一般都是简单句，清晰易懂。

1、放松心态，轻松应战，给考官留下良好第一印象进入考场后，考生应当充满自信，自然大方地向考官问候致意，简单、自然。

亲切的问候语，可以给考官留下良好的第一印象。

2、听清楚考官的提问，不要背诵事前写好的答案由于这部分考试是以考官和考生对话的方式进行的，它考查的不仅仅是考生的口语能力，还有考生在实际交往中的听力水平，所以考生要听清楚考官的提问，避免答非所问。

《欣说言语笔记》是一本关于语言学习的笔记，具体内容可能包括语音、词汇、语法、口语表达等方面的知识和技巧。

由于没有具体内容，我无法给出准确的笔记汇总。

不过，一般来说，语言学习笔记通常会包括以下几个方面：
1.语音方面：学习发音、语调、连读等语音知识，以及通过模仿
和练习来提高口语表达能力。

2.词汇方面：学习单词的拼写、发音、意义和用法，以及记忆常
用词汇和短语。

3.语法方面：学习句子结构、词性、时态、语态等语法知识，以
及通过例句和练习来加深理解和运用。

4.口语表达方面：学习如何表达自己的想法和观点，以及提高口
语表达的流利度和准确性。

当然，具体内容还需要根据《欣说言语笔记》的实际情况来定。

如果你能提供更具体的内容或者问题，我将更好地为你服务。

《我是真人秀的忠粉》的笔记：I'm not that big on 对。

无感《看电影，约吗？》的笔记：would you like 你想。

see a film 看电影which film would you like to see 你想看哪部英语which showtime would you like to choose 你想看哪个场次which seat would you like to take 你想做哪个位置would you like some popcorn 你想吃爆米花吗《有腔调的下午茶》的笔记：afternoon tea 、low tea 下午茶what are you in the mood for你想要吃什么don't agree with me 不合我的口味i'm in the mood for 我想吃。

《西餐装腔指南》的笔记：excuse me ,we’re ready to order我们要点餐了it's on me 我请客appetizers前菜soup 汤entrees 主菜desserts 甜品how do you like your steak 牛排要几分熟check，please买单go dutch AA制《砍价必杀技》的笔记：how much do you want for this 这个要多少钱？that's steep ,isn;t it 天了噜，太离谱了I can get this much cheaper at other places 其他地方可便宜多了What's the lowest price that you can go 你就给个最低价吧It's still out of my price range 对不起，我买不起《扫货季来啦》的笔记：it's such a rip-off抢钱啊good deal 便宜货bargain hunt 淘便宜货flash sale 限时折扣what's on saleclearnce sale 清仓大甩卖discount折扣《对不起，我放你鸽子了》的笔记：you stood her up你爽她的约了I didn't mean to hurt you 我不是故意要伤害你的it's all my fault 都是我的错make it up to sb 补偿某人《我们约会吧》的笔记：ask sb out 约某人let's say 比如《这样夸女生最讨巧》的笔记：you can say that again 的确如此you said it 你说得对therey you go 这就对啦you took the words right out of my mouth 你说的正是我想说的《我稀罕你（大结局）》的笔记：I have a crush on you 我对你心动了you had me from hello我对你一见倾心you are the one for me 你就是我的那个他/她we are made for each other 我们就是天生的一对I'm head over heels for you 我为你神魂颠倒。

大二口语1知识点口语是人们日常交流和表达思想的一种工具，而大二口语课程旨在提升学生的口语表达能力和交际能力。

在大二口语1课程中，学生将学习关于口语表达的各个方面，掌握一些重要的知识点。

以下是大二口语1课程中的一些关键知识点：1. 中介词（Prepositions）中介词在句子中用于描述位置、关系或时间。

它们通常用于表示人或事物在其他人或事物之间的位置关系。

常见的中介词有in、on、at、for、with等。

例如：- He is sitting on the chair.他坐在椅子上。

- I will meet you at the coffee shop.我会在咖啡店见你。

2. 时态（Tenses）时态用于描述动作或状态发生的时间。

在英语口语中，常用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

学生需要根据语境选择合适的时态。

例如：- She works as a teacher. (一般现在时)她做老师。

- They went to the movies last night. (一般过去时)他们昨晚去看电影了。

- We will travel to Paris next month. (一般将来时)我们下个月会去巴黎旅行。

3. 修饰语（Modifiers）修饰语用于修饰名词或代词，使句子更加具体、生动和准确。

常见的修饰语包括形容词和副词。

例如：- She bought a beautiful dress. (形容词)她买了一件漂亮的裙子。

- He speaks English fluently. (副词)他英语说得很流利。

4. 疑问句（Question Sentences）疑问句用于询问信息、观点或意见。

学生需要掌握疑问句的构成以及不同类型的疑问句。

例如：- Where is the library?图书馆在哪里？- Do you like sports?你喜欢运动吗？5. 表达意愿或建议（Expressing Desires and Suggestions）在口语中，学生需要学会表达自己的意愿或建议。

暨大申博英语80分标准摘要：1.暨南大学申博英语考试的重要性2.暨南大学申博英语80 分的标准及其意义3.如何达到暨南大学申博英语80 分的标准4.总结正文：一、暨南大学申博英语考试的重要性暨南大学是我国著名的华侨高等学府，有着悠久的历史和优良的教学传统。

暨南大学申博英语考试是该校博士研究生招生的重要环节之一，旨在考查考生的英语水平，以确保博士研究生具备良好的英语应用能力，从而更好地开展学术研究和国际交流。

因此，暨南大学申博英语考试对于志在攻读博士学位的考生来说具有重要意义。

二、暨南大学申博英语80 分的标准及其意义暨南大学申博英语考试的总分为100 分，达到80 分及以上的成绩被认为是合格标准。

达到80 分的标准意味着考生具备了较好的英语水平，能够满足博士研究生阶段的学术需求。

这个标准不仅体现了考生的英语基础知识，如语法、词汇等，还包括阅读、写作、听力、口语等综合应用能力。

因此，达到暨南大学申博英语80 分的标准对于考生而言具有重要意义。

三、如何达到暨南大学申博英语80 分的标准要想达到暨南大学申博英语80 分的标准，考生需要从以下几个方面入手：1.打好英语基础：英语基础知识是申博英语考试成功的关键。

考生需要熟练掌握英语语法、词汇，不断提高自己的英语阅读、写作能力。

2.提高阅读理解能力：阅读理解是申博英语考试的重要组成部分。

考生需要通过大量阅读英语文章，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

3.加强听力训练：听力是英语应用能力的重要体现。

考生需要通过听力练习，熟悉英语发音、语调，提高听力水平。

4.锻炼口语表达能力：口语表达能力是学术交流的重要手段。

考生需要通过与他人用英语交流，提高自己的口语表达能力。

5.模拟考试：模拟考试可以帮助考生了解自己的英语水平，找到自己的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行复习。

四、总结暨南大学申博英语考试是衡量考生英语水平的重要标准。

达到80 分的标准意味着考生具备了较好的英语水平，能够满足博士研究生阶段的学术需求。

“之间”偏误汇总【6】：我的国家是欧州和亚州{[之间]}的？ {【中下】【土耳其】} （混用，在…之间）【8】：土耳其在ｏｕ州和亚州{[之间]}的一个乔，如果不算底中海的话还是算在三州之间的很重要的地方所以土耳其的风竟美丽极了。

{【本三】【土耳其】} （混用，是…中间）【9】：土耳其是欧州和亚州{[之间]}。

{【本三】【土耳其】} （混用，在…之间）【13】：可是{[之间]}还发生过一些事情，两位姐姐嫁了，母亲肯定很高兴，遗憾我不在！ {【华教本二A】【马达加斯加】} （中间）【38】：还有大学四年{[之间]}，差不多获得了免学费。

{【中上】【日本】} （期间）【39】：那三年{[之间]}，我的意识一直向着练习打排球，有的课上课时也不上了。

{【中级】【日本】} （期间）【40】：我寒假{[之间]}在日本一直打工了。

{【中级】【日本】} （期间）【41】：你们都知道，寒假{[之间]}有圣ｄａｎ节和元旦。

{【中级】【日本】}（中间）【46】：我女友打算黄金周{[之间]}来到广州呆一个星期。

{【中下】【日本】}（期间）【62】：朋友{[之间]}有一位是中国人，我和她比较亲切。

{【中上】【柬埔寨】}（中间）【73】：我们也可以说，对她来说幸福就是饮食和家庭而不是男女感情{[之间]}。

{【华教本二B】【越南】} （错序）【94】：一年{[之间]}我学到不少知识，此外我还了解自己处理问题。

{【华教本二B】【老挝】} （中间/期间）【95】：我希望在四年{[之间]}我汉语水平更高，更进步。

{【华教本二B】【老挝】}（中间/期间）【105】：我不喜欢不公平，因为我们都是一样的人，为什么要无道理而分明是哪种人，和受到不同的对待，不管那是什么理由，什么关系{[之间]}，我都难以接受。

{【华教本一B】【老挝】}（冗余）【121】：而且在学习{[之间]}，学到了不少的新知识，让我很开心的学习，甚至给我将来的打算有所现实。

大学英语教材课文笔记教材：《英语视听说教程》第一课：Meeting new people教材内容简介：本课程主要介绍如何与陌生人交流并建立友谊。

通过学习本课程，学生将能够掌握基本的自我介绍和简单的交流技巧。

课文摘要：在课文中，主人公杰克来到了一所外国学校，并遇到了一位名叫莉莉的中国留学生。

他们进行了一段简单的对话，相互介绍了自己的姓名、国籍和兴趣爱好。

通过这个交流，杰克和莉莉建立了初步的友谊。

重点句子分析：1. "Hi, I'm Jack. Nice to meet you!"（你好，我是杰克。

很高兴见到你！）这是杰克向莉莉进行自我介绍的句子。

通过这句话，杰克展示了友好的态度，并表达了对莉莉的认可。

2. "Where are you from?"（你来自哪里？）这是莉莉向杰克询问国籍的句子。

通过这句话，莉莉展示了对杰克背景的兴趣，并且为后续的交流做好了准备。

3. "I'm from China. How about you?"（我来自中国。

你呢？）这是莉莉回答杰克关于国籍的问题的句子。

通过这句话，莉莉主动回应了杰克的提问，并提出进一步了解杰克的愿望。

学习要点：1. 自我介绍的基本表达方式学生需要学习如何用简洁明了的语言介绍自己的姓名和基本背景信息。

在实际情境中，可以借鉴课文中杰克的自我介绍方式。

2. 询问对方的国籍和背景信息学生需要学习在交流中向对方提问，以了解对方的国籍和背景信息。

可以参考莉莉向杰克提问的方式，表达自己对对方的兴趣。

3. 建立友谊的关键句型学生需要学习如何使用积极友好的语言表达对对方的认可和友好感。

在课文中，杰克和莉莉建立了初步的友谊，这也是因为他们使用了友善的语言进行交流。

个人笔记和心得：通过学习这篇课文，我深刻理解到在初次见面时，表达出友好和善意是建立友谊的重要一步。

简单而直接的自我介绍可以为进一步沟通奠定基础。

亚洲英语笔记大一下知识点在亚洲，学习英语是大多数人的必修课。

无论是在学校还是在工作中，掌握良好的英语技能对于我们的发展都至关重要。

本文将为您概述亚洲大一下学期的英语笔记中的一些重要知识点。

一、语法知识点1. 动词时态：学习正确使用过去时、现在时和将来时，理解时态对句子意义的影响。

2. 从句：认识主从复合句的结构，并能正确使用它们，比如名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。

3. 直接引语和间接引语：了解直接引语和间接引语之间的差异，并学习如何正确引述和转述他人的话。

二、词汇知识点1. 同义词和反义词：积累常用的同义词和反义词，使我们的表达更准确，语言更富有变化。

2. 词根与词缀：学习常见的英语词根和词缀，以便更好地理解和记忆生词。

3. 成语和习语：了解常用的成语和习语，提高我们的口语表达能力。

三、听力技巧1. 理解口语速度：通过大量的听力练习，逐渐适应并理解英语母语人士的自然语速。

2. 注意关键词：学会听取并理解对话和讲座中的关键词，以便快速获取信息。

3. 多样化听力材料：尝试不同类型和主题的听力材料，提高对各种语境下的理解能力。

四、口语表达技巧1. 提高流利度：通过反复练习口语，提高语言表达的流利度和自信心。

2. 多说多练：积极参与英语交流活动，与他人进行口语对话，加强日常口语能力。

3. 训练发音：注意各种英语音标的正确发音，提高口语表达的准确度。

五、阅读技巧1. 阅读速度与理解：通过不断的阅读练习，提高阅读速度并能准确理解文章中的主要信息。

2. 掌握阅读策略：学习并灵活运用各种阅读策略，如扫读、略读和详读，使阅读更加高效。

3. 扩大阅读量：阅读广泛的英语材料，包括新闻、小说、期刊文章等，提升词汇量和阅读理解能力。

六、写作技巧1. 练习写作结构：学习各种文体的写作结构，如记叙文、议论文和说明文，培养良好的写作习惯。

2. 精炼表达思想：提高表达清晰、连贯的能力，尽量简洁地表达思想，避免冗长和啰嗦。

3. 多样化句式和词汇：通过多读多写，拓展句式和增加词汇量，使写作更加丰富多样。

第七单元口语交际笔记(一)第七单元口语交际1. 交际场面1.介绍自己和他人2.寒暄3.询问对方的情况4.推销产品5.感谢和道别2. 交际用语1.介绍自己和他人–Hello, my name is…–I would like you to meet my friend…2.寒暄–How are you?–Nice weather today, isn’t it?3.询问对方的情况–How’s your day going?–What have you been up to lately?4.推销产品–Our product is the best on the market.–Our company offers great deals for our customers. 5.感谢和道别–Thank you for your time.–Goodbye and have a nice day.3. 实际练习1.基于以上交际场面和交际用语，编写对话练习，让学生进行模拟对话，练习英语口语交际能力。

2.给予学生反馈和建议，以提高其口语表达能力。

4. 推荐练习方式1.观看相关英语电影或电视剧，尝试模仿演员的口音和表情。

2.参加英语角活动，与外教、其他英语学习者进行英语口语练习。

3.注册英语学习网站或App，利用在线资源进行听力和口语的练习。

5. 教学策略1.利用角色扮演，让学生更多地参与课堂，比如让学生扮演销售员或顾客进行对话。

2.引导学生学习经典英语电影台词，引发学生兴趣，提高学习积极性。

3.通过游戏等形式，激发学生学习兴趣，提高学习效果。

6. 注意事项1.语音和语调的准确性，学生应注意练习标准英式或美式英语。

2.学生应注意语言表达的礼貌和得体，避免使用不文明词汇。

3.利用多媒体进行辅助教学，增强学生的学习体验。

以上是本人整理的第七单元口语交际的相关笔记，希望能对教学有所帮助。

1/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年暨南大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》考试大纲一．考试目的《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，其目的是考察考生的外汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MIT 学习阶段的水平。

二、考试性质及范围：本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试的范围包括MTI 考生入学应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外汉两种语言转换的基本技能。

三、考试基本要求1.具备一定中外文化，以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。

2.具备扎实的外汉两种语言的基本功。

3.具备较强的外汉/汉外转换能力。

四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生的外汉/汉外转换能力。

试题分类参见“考试内容一览表”。

五、考试内容：本考试包括二个部分：词语翻译和外汉互译。

总分150分。

I.词语翻译1.考试要求要求考生准确翻译中外文术语或专有名词。

2/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 22.题型要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/外术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。

汉/外文各15个，每个1分，总分30分。

考试时间为60分钟。

II.外汉互译1.考试要求要求应试者具备外汉互译的基本技巧和能力；初步了解中国和目的语国家的社会、文化等背景知识；译文忠实原文，无明显误译、漏译；译文通顺，用词正确、表达基本无误；译文无明显语法错误；外译汉速度每小时250-350个外语单词，汉译外速度每小时150-250个汉字。

2015考研暨大：英语复习巧记单词必知三项原则两大属性英语词汇的拼写离不开26个字母，在26个字母当中存在的字母缩略原则、互换原则和桥梁原则可以帮助我们更准确地拼写英语单词。

以下给大家介绍三种原则简化单词拼写，通过自然属性和社会属性来记忆单词。

缩略原则这是创造英语词汇的一项基本原则。

通过缩略原则，可以创造出庞大的词汇词族。

比如，大家都知道“moon月亮”这个单词，如果同时也知道月亮具有“圆圆的、银白色的、惟一的、公共的以及具有监视坏人等传统观念”，那么，就会知道以下系列单词都是来源于“月亮”这个英语单词“moon”：money（钱），Monday（星期一），month （月份），monism（一元论），monologue（独白），monopoly（垄断），monocycle （独轮车），monitor（监视器），monster（怪物），common（共同的）等。

如果大家知道西方宗教中的世界起源，也就会明白“world”与“word”之间的缩略关系。

《圣经》上说：“世界之初道先行，神与道同在，神即是道。

”（In the beginning was the word. Thegod was with the word. The god was the word.）掌握了“world”与“word”之间的缩略关系，不仅对于我们理解英语单词具有至关重要的意义，也对我们学习英语的目的具有本质上的指导作用，因为，Grasp the words，grasp the world（抓住了词汇也就是抓住了世界）。

互换原则主要是元音字母互换和辅音字母互换两种。

中国人可以称呼母亲以及其类似于母亲作用的女性为“母、妈、嬷”，其汉语拼音分别为“mu、ma、mo”，这种现象就是元音字母的互换。

5个元音字母a-e-i-o-u的互换可以创造出大量词义相近或者相对的单词，比如，“sing唱”与“song歌”、“now现在”与“new新的”、“long长的”与“length长度”、“language语言”与“linguist语言学家”、“microeconomics 微观经济学”与“macroeconomics宏观经济学”，等等。

要自信、要坚定、要有感情(高低变化、娓娓道来)—intonation一、小贴士：没听清/懂考官问题-根本问题是听力不好•Sorry, I didn't quite catch that.•Sorry, would you please repeat that?•Sorry, I'm not quite sure what that means. Could you rephrase it please?•I'm sorry, I'm not familiar with the word "...". Could you explain it please?都没记住，就说sorry？二、纵向逻辑：宽泛到具体听考官问题，确定你回答中第一句话的时态！平常练习也要注意，第一句确定时态，后面确定什么样的扩展方式，决定时态最(更)宽泛→宽泛→具体(列举、数字)→更具体(最喜欢、最难忘、最现在)→举例(过去、现在、将来/make it personal)回答问题不能停在宽泛上面，金字塔至少要扩展到具体这一步。

如：爱看电影-哪几种类型的电影-最爱看动作片（横向：why？）-前天看了一部XXX，推荐你看1、宽泛到具体语言标语•many=a number of=tons of=loads of•various=a variety of=a big/wide variety of•several=a couple of•all kinds of•for example/instance, take me for example, take my uncle for example, in my case, personally•such as（只能加词，不能加句子）, like：记得后面要用复数•especially, I particularly like/enjoy ...•and so on, and so forth, so on and so forth, and stuff like that（最后一个后面只能接事情）•I mean, by that I mean, what I mean is that：我妈妈很热心，I mean…具体解释2、What kinds of books do you like to read?Biographies传记autobiography自传self-help books励志类（比如How to win friends and influence people人性的弱点）其他书籍：travel guide, novels, history books, geography books, books about Chinese history inspirational storiesI find it quite captivating.（appealing=attractive=fascinating）如何表达中文书名：I'm reading a biography called shuaige那些事/ I think in English, it could be translated as shuaige's stories.It could be translated as those things in the ming dynastyWell, um, I like reading (宽泛)all kinds of books (具体) such as novels, biographies, self-help books and so forth, but if I had to pick a favorite, I'd say (更具体)biographies (原因) cause I get to（得以）read about famous people's inspirational stories. (更更具体)Currently, I'm reading Steve Jobs' biography. I find it extremely captivating.3、What would you like to change about your apartment?Well, honestly, I really love my apartment and I like everything here. For example, the color of the walls is my favorite, it's pink. Also, my apartment is pretty spacious and I have a balcony too where I often do some reading and stuff. But if I had to say something, I'd say maybe I would make my kitchen bigger because I enjoy eating and I always hang out there on my own, eating a lot of things.4、Do you like to listen to music?补充词汇：pop songs, hip-hop, rap music, rock n' roll, jazz, country music, R&B, folk music, classical musicI find it quite relaxingby the wayOh, yes, definitely. I'm a big fan of (宽泛)music. (具体)I listen to pop songs, rap songs, country, rock and roll and so on. (更具体)I particularly enjoy country music (原因)cause I find it quite relaxing. (更更具体)Oh, by the way, my favorite singer is Taylor Swift. She is incredibly talented.5、What do you like most about your hometown?the public transportthe views are breathtakingon the outskirts of the city（=in the suburbs）I'm not sure how to say that in English it's super spicyit tastes out of this world.（表达非常非常好）Well, I love (宽泛)a number of things here. (具体)The weather is good, the public transport is better than most cities in China and the views are breathtaking on the outskirts of the city. (更具体)Among these（宽泛到具体）, I suppose my favorite is the (另一个宽泛)food. (具体)We have amazing hotpot and also there's a dish called Xiliupa. Sorry, I'm not sure how to say that in English, but it's mainly chicken feet and it's super spicy. Anyway, it tastes out of this world/incredibly good.6、Practice•What kinds of things do Chinese people like to collect?比如说stamps，但是不知道why，给出表现•Do you play any sport?•What do you usually buy when you go shopping?（Cosmetics化妆品）三、列数字•stay up late---2 or 3 o'clock in the morning•scorching hot/freezing cold---40 degrees Celsius/minus 20 degrees Celsius•close to my apartment---it's only 300 meters away///it only takes me about 3 or 4 minutes to walk there•far away---it took me about 4 hours to drive there•extremely expensive---cost about 30, 000 RMB（注意时态，现在时要加s）Practice•Is there any thing you don't like about your hometown?•How long have you been living in this flat?•Do you like the area where you live?四、过去、现在、将来（五个要素融入血液，必须灵活使用，不要模式化）•时间：每天跑步•地点：家附近的公园•人物：跟爸妈一起•事件：慢跑半小时•感受：很放松要自然流畅说人话，不要大词模板假大空1、时间•often, always, usually, on a (quite) regular basis•on a daily basis=every single day=pretty much every day•occasionally=(every) once in a while=from time to time•once/twice a week, three times a month, four or five times a year•seldom=hardly ever=once in a blue moon2、地点•close to(=near)A=within walking distance of A=in close proximity to A•It's about five minutes' walk away.•It's about 200 metres/kilometres away from A.•It takes about 10 minutes to walk/drive/cycle there.•It took us around 3 hours to get there by train/bus/plane/car.•It's (located) in the heart of the city/in the northwest of China/in the south of the town3、感受•kill time, unwind=wind down=relax (It's a great way to ...)•relaxing, enjoyable, a lot of fun, interesting, fascinating(I think it's ...=I find it ...)•have a great time=have a lot of fun=have a ball=have a blast•be extremely happy=be ecstatic=be on cloud nine=be on top of the world超~开心•It helps me take my mind off things放空•dull and boring, tedious, time-consuming, a waste of time(I think it's ...=I find it ...)现在=表现必须给原因吗? 每个答案第二句都是because吗?不一定，可以给出表现。

36In the 1970s Herta Herzog, an Austrian psychologist, was working for the Jack Tinker advertising agency in New York. One of their clients was Alka-Seltzer, which manufactured a product for acid indigestion, sour stomach and headaches.At that time the advertising for the product showed a hand dropping one of the tablets into a glass of water. Herzog made a suggestion. She said that the hand in the photograph should drop two tablets into the glass. The advertising was changed and sales of Alka-Seltzer doubled. After the success of the campaign, other manufacturers began to use similar ideas to boost sales.In 1891, when American farmers were complaining about high prices in shops in the countryside, Richard Sears had an idea. Sears was an agent of a railway company and at that time he was selling watches with his partner Alvah Roebuck, a watchmaker. His idea was to use the new national railway system and post office to create anew way of selling: mail order. Sears bought in bulk and so kept prices low. he was also good at attracting customers with advertising. By 1895 the Sears catalogue had 532 pages. The company was expanding fast, so it moved to a huge building in Chicago. Finally the company developed the first automated warehouse. This improved the capacity of the business by 1,000 percent.By the 1990s many people were using mobile phones for both business and pleasure. They had a contract and received a bill for calls they had made in the previous month. V odafone, a successful UK mobile phone company, was already making good profits when it introduced its new Pay As You Talk service in 1997. This allowed customers to have a phone without a contract and monthly bills. Instead, they have a ‘top up’card to extend calling and service credit. The advantage for customers was that they could carefully budget the amount of money spent-very useful for parents who gave phones to their children. V odafone’s great idea was to get people to pay in advance for their calls. Thanks to this, sales increased.44A BANKE manager has given up his ￡30,000-a –year job with NatWest to realize his childhood ambition of becoming a bus driver.Despite the ￡11,000 salary and anti-social hours, john burgin,48, has never been happier. “banking was a career but in the end it became just a job ,”he said . “once I knew I was leaving , I used to go outside at lunchtime and watch as the buses drove up and down. The time had come.His passion was awakened as a boy growing up in Sheffield, where he collected bus maps and time-tables. But Mr Burgin ,from Nailsea, near Bristol, went on to spend nearly 30 years working his way up through Nat West.“ The levels of stress are totally different,” he said. “at the bank , things were very political. I worked hard all day then took work home ,driving a bus around finished. There is stress in driving a bus around Bristol, but it’s a different kind and I don’t take it home.”52Hisako Saka, a hostess at a bar called Bouquet in Tokyo‟s high-class Entertainment area, is complaining. …Customers go home before the last train and order far fewer drinks. They are less cheerful and talk about restructuring all the time,‟ she said.…Fewer girls are deciding to become hostesses. My salary has halved.‟Corporate entertaining is in steep decline. Newly released figures from Japan‟s National Taxation Administration have revealed that Japanese companies spent 13.3percent less on entertaining and gifts in the year to last January than in the previous year.The latest figures show spending on entertainment is at its second lowest level since records began in 1961. the decline indicates that the high spending days of the 1983s are over and that a new phenomenon-cost control-has entered the corporate dictionary. As the credit environment has tightened, losses have multiplied, restructuring has taken hold and the concept of shareholder value has crossed the Pacific, leading to entertainment budgets being cut. In the boom days some executives would think little of running up a ￡7,000bill in one night entertaining an important client.These days the entertainment still goes on but at more modest establishments. Cheaper restaurants are busier and karaoke parlours are being chosen over expensive nightclubsKunio Sato, a bar owner for the past 35 years in Ginza, Tokyo‟s most famous entertainment area, said sadly, …Companies are much stricter these days with what they will let their employees spend compared with the old days.‟The cost cutting does not end at the bar. Some of Japan‟s huge conglomerates have cut down ritual corporate gift giving. Budgets for gifts at New Year have, in some cases, been cancelled, forcing employees to buy the gifts themselves, according to an employee at one large conglomerate.8766From the outside, the discovery by Japanese companies of basic cost control can be seen as an encouraging development in an economy that had previously let spending run wild.65Ferrari, Italy‟s maker of sports and racing cars, is among the three most recognisable brands in the world. The company got its high profile among the world’s corporate giants without the help, for most of its existence, of an advertising department. Only as recently as 1993 did Ferrari create a marketing department. ‘Just parking our exciting automobiles is enough to draw the crowds,’writes Gian Luigi Longinotti-Buitoni, the author of a book called Selling Dreams.Customers are now spending more money on products they desire rather than on products they simply need. All companies must therefore produce goods of very high quality. More importantly, they must establish a brand for years to come by giving it emotional qualities that match customers’strongest desires. Like Ferrari, all companies must create and sell …dreams‟.Longinotti-Buitoni gives some interesting statistics about markets for Luxury goods worldwide: Switzerland, with 220 Ferraris sold in 1997, is the largest market per capita for the car maker’s products; the company, on the other hand, sells only 2.7percent of ots cars to women; Rolex and the highest number of luxury watches are sold in Italy, while Japan has been consistently the leading market in the world forleather goods from Gucci, Ferragamo, Hermes and Louis Vuiton. China, amazingly, appears to be drinking a lot of Hennessy cognac.Unit 8&unit 9直接看课本。

Unit 1 How can we become good learners?我们如何成为好的学习桌?重点速记词汇梳理1 pronounce(v.发音)-pronunciation(n.发音;读音)2 patient(adj.有耐心的) patiently(adv.耐心地) patience(n.耐心) impatient(adj.没有耐心的)3 express(v.表达)-expression(n.表情;表达方式)4 discover(v.发现;发觉)-discovery(n.发现)-discoverer(n.发现者)5 create(v.创造;创建) creative(adj.有创造力的) creation(n.创造;创作) creator(n.创造者;创作者) creativity(n.创造力)6 connect[v.(使)连接;与······有联系］-connection(n.连接;联系)7 active(adj.活跃的;积极的)-actively(adv.活跃地;积极地)-activity(n..活动;活跃)8 wise(adj.充满智慧的;明智的)-wisely(adv.明智地;聪明地)-wisdom(n.智慧;才智)9 physics(n.物理)-physical(adj.物理学的;身体的)-physicist(n.物理学家)10 chemistry(n.化学)-chemical(adj.化学的n.化学品)-chemist(n.化学家;药剂师)11 memory(n.记忆;回忆)-memorize(v.记忆;记住)词块归纳1 ask(sb.)for help(向某人)求助ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事2 study for a test 备考3 listen to tapes 听磁带4 watch videos 看录像5 have a conversation with.,.与······交谈6 a slow reader 读书慢的人7 increase my reading speed 提高我的阅读速度8 make word cards 制作单词卡片9 read aloud 朗读10 give a report 作报告11 the secret to...······的秘诀12 word by word 逐字地,一字一字地bit by bit一点一点地13 take notes 记笔记14 fall in love with 爱上······15 look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看16 make mistakes/a mistake 犯错;出错by mistake 错误地;无意中mistake,,. f or...把······错当成······17 be born with 天生具有18 depend on 依靠;取决于19 have.,. in common在······方面有共同之处20 be interested in 对······感兴趣21 pay attention to 注意;关注22 learn from 从······中学习23 write down写下;记录下24 look for 寻找25 on one's own 独立地;独自地,单独地26 instead of代替;而不是27 find out 找出;查明28 over and over again 多次;一再;反复地29 a little=a bit少许,一点30 at first 起初31 as well也;还32 connect.., with把······和······连接或联系起来33 keep a diary 记日记34 the ability to do sth.做某事的能力35 whether or not是否36 think about 思考;考虑think of 想起;考虑think over 仔细考虑37 be good at=do well in 擅长于38 worry about 担心39 even＝even though 即使;纵然;虽然40 the meaning of······的意思用法总结1 practice doing sth.练习做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事,一直做某事finish doing sth.做完某事2 by doing sth.通过做某事3 What about doing sth.?做某事怎么样?4 the+比较级,the+比较级越······,越······5 find it +adj. +to do sth.发现做某事······6 need to do sth.需要做某事7 remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember do in sth.记得做过某事8 be afraid of doing sth.害怕会发生某事be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事9 try to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事10 It's +adj. +to do sth.做某事是······的.11 help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事12 get+宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语让·······处于······状态语法精讲＂by+动词-ing 形式＂表方式、方法语法示例1.My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies.通过听英文电影中的对话,我的发音也得到了改善.(教材P33a)2.You can read faster by reading word groups.你可以通过读意群来读得更快.(教材P4 Grammar Focus)语法概述＂by＋动词-ing形式＂常常表示方式或方法,在句中作状语,可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句.考向＂by+动词-ing形式”表方式、方法①在此结构中,by是介词,意为＂通过,使用＂.＂by+动词-ing形式＂表示方式或方法.»I can find the meaning of the new words by looking them up in a dictionary.我能通过查词典找到生词的意思.②"by+动词-ing形式＂常用来回答how引导的问句.»-How will you catch up with others in your class?你将如何赶上班里的其他学生?-By studying harder.通过更加努力地学习.辨by, in与with拓介词by的其他常见用法:by+地点靠近;在······旁边Tom sits by the window in the classroom.汤姆坐在教室里靠窗的位置.by+时间不迟于,在······之前Mom told him to come back home by 10:00.妈妈让他十点之前回到家.by+交通工具乘······(表示方式)by train/boat/bus乘火车／船／公共汽车by+人由······所作The music by Mozart is famous all over the world.莫扎特创作的音乐举世闻名.典例(2022·抚顺中考)Amy wants to be a good learner________ practicing more.A. byB. forC. onD. with解析:句意:埃米想要通过多加练习成为一个好的学习者.by"通过＂;for"为了＂;on"关于＂;with"使用＂.by doing sth.表示＂通过做某事＂,符合语境.故选A.写作指导话题分析本单元的话题是“学会如何学习”,所涉及的写作内容通常为以下两方面:(1)介绍学习方法;(2)针对他人在学习中遇到的困难给出学习建议.写作时可参考本单元所提到的学习方法.写作实践(2022·北部湾经济区中考)在丰富多彩的初中学习生活中,你一定积累了很多学习方法和经验吧！现校刊英文专栏以＂Learning to learn"为主题征稿.请你根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文投稿.写作要点:1.一个科目名称;2.此科目的学习方法(至少两个);3.此科目的学习感受或期望.写作要求:1.将标题和首句补充完整;2.包含所有要点,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.文中不得透露个人信息;4.词数80左右.Methods of learning________Here are my methods of learning______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________思路导引开篇点题Here are my methods of learning English.陈述方法First,...watch English movies and listen to English songs.Second, reading passages on the same topic...What's more, it's a good habit to keep a diary in English.表达期望English is a bridge which connects the world with us.I hope I can make greater progress in the future.词句积累佳作展示Methods of learning EnglishHere are my methods of learning English.①First, I usually watch English movies and listen to English songs. ②I think they are relaxing ways to learn the correct pronunciation and proper expressions. ①Second, ③reading passages on the same topic helps a lot in learning new words. In this way, the new words can be repeated and I can understand their meanings better.①What's more,④it's a good habit to keep a diary in English. That helps me think in English and improve my writing skills as well.⑤English is a bridge which connects the world with us. It's interesting to learn it. I hope I can make greater progress in the future.名师点评本文要求介绍自己学习某一学科的方法,层次清晰、结构合理,语言生动.①运用First、Second、What's more 等衔接词使文章条理清晰;②运用宾语从句和ways to do sth.结构表达了个人感受;③运用动词-ing短语作主语,介绍了第二种学习方法;④运用＂it's +n. +to do sth."结构介绍了第三种学习方法;⑤句含有定语从句,陈述英语的重要地位,引出后文的期待.阅读提升方法概述完形填空的考查目的并不是单纯地考查语法,大部分题目都是为了考查考生综合运用语言的能力而设置的.因此,要想选出既符合语法规则又能使上下文意思连贯的答案,除了要掌握必备的词汇和语法知识外,还应具备把握全文和根据上下文进行综合分析的能力.许多完形填空题的解题信息会在上下文中出现,因此我们在遇到无法确定答案的题目时,可回顾上文、兼顾下文,在文中寻找相关的线索或提示,从而确定答案,这种方法叫＂瞻前顾后法＂.中考链接(2022·天津中考节选)When my sister Gina was born, she had a problem with her heart. She was weak after a long 36 and had to go to the hospital very often. She had 37 walking, playing with other children, and going to school.36.A. health B. illness C. peace D. letter37.A. trouble B. success C. trust D. tradition36.B方法指导根据上文中的＂When my sister Gina was born, she had a problem with her heart"可知,吉娜天生心脏有问题,故此处用illness,表示她久病后身体虚弱,不得不经常去医院.选B.37.A 方法指导根据上文得知,吉娜天生心脏有问题,并且身体虚弱,得经常去医院,由此推知,她走路、和其他孩子玩耍以及上学都有困难.have trouble doing sth."做某事有困难＂.故选A.。

在浙学英语口语笔记
以下是一份关于在浙学英语口语的笔记，涵盖了一些常见的话题和表达方式：
1. 自我介绍：在开始学习英语口语时，首先要学会自我介绍。

可以介绍自己的姓名、年龄、职业等基本信息，也可以分享一些个人兴趣爱好和经历。

2. 问候和告别：学习如何用英语问候和告别是非常重要的。

常用的问候语有“Hello”、“Hi”、“Good morning”等，告别语有“Goodbye”、“Bye”、“See you later”等。

3. 日常会话：日常会话是英语口语学习的重点之一。

可以学习如何表达自己的观点、感受和需求，如何询问他人的意见和看法，以及如何回答问题。

4. 描述事物：描述事物是英语口语表达中常见的一种形式。

可以学习如何描述人物、事物和场景的特征和细节，例如外貌、颜色、形状、大小等。

5. 表达时间和日期：学习如何用英语表达时间和日期是非常必要的。

可以学习如何读出时间、日期的各个部分，以及如何表达特定的时间，例如几点钟、星期几等。

6. 表达数字和数量：学习如何用英语表达数字和数量也是必不可少的。

可以学习如何读出数字、计算数量、比较大小等。

7. 参加面试：参加面试是英语口语学习的另一个重点。

可以学习如何自我介绍、回答面试官的问题、展示自己的能力和经验等。

以上是一份关于在浙学英语口语的笔记，希望对您有所帮助。