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新编汉英翻译教程答案新编汉英翻译教程答案【篇一：(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第二章汉英翻译基础知识】xt>1.探春笑道：“只恐又是你的杜撰。
”宝玉笑道：“除《四书》外，杜撰的太多，偏只我是杜撰不成?”“youre making that up, im afraid,” teased tan chun. “most works, apart from the four books, are made up; am i the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin.2.贾母笑道：“你不认得他，他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿，南省俗谓作‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。
”“you dont know her, ”said grandmother jia merrily. “shes aholy terror this one. what we used to call in nanking a‘peppercorn’. you just call her ‘peppercorn feng’. shell know who you mean!” (david hawkes 译)3.贾母笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹!” witha smile at pao-yu, the lady dowager s colded, “fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道：“可又是胡说，你又何曾见过他?”“youre talking nonsense again,” said his grandmother, laughing. “how could you possibly have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的老狐狸。
第一章绪论1.1 翻译的性质和分类1. 翻译的定义：Definition of translation翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。
翻译的本质是释义，是意义的转换。
2. 翻译的分类：Classification of translation按文本而言，分为文学翻译、科级翻译、应用文翻译就方式而言，分为全译、摘译、编译。
全译：全文照译，全译是翻译的最基本方式，它是翻译的基础。
摘译：根据特定目的的摘取、翻译原文中的部分内用，以利译文读者更方便，更快捷的获取原文文献主要信息的方式。
编译：则是“编辑”和“”翻译的结合。
3.翻译活动涉及的因素：Factors involved in translation activities译者：translator, 作者：author, 原文: source text，原文读者: source-text readers译文：target text/translated text/target version, 译文读者: target-text readers1.2 汉英翻译的单位----句子C-E Translation Unit句子：句子是用词或词组构成的一个能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位。
每个句子都有一定的语调，表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气。
在连续说话时，句子和句子中间有一个较大的停顿。
在书面上，句子的停顿处，要根据不同的语调分别用句号、问号火感叹号。
（定义来自《汉语大辞典》）从意义上讲，句子能够表示一个完整的意思从功能上讲，句子表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气从形态上讲，句末有句号、问号或感叹号为标志因此，句子是较为理想的翻译单位。
1.3 汉英翻译的标准Standards for C-E TranslationChinese translation standards1．严复的标准信：faithfulness 指准确的传达原文的内容，即信于读者和作者，不允许对原作有任何歪曲或篡改，译作不容许有任何遗漏和省略。
第3章Unit 3 Geography本单元的课文和练习文章都是描述地理风貌的，在翻译时尽量使用客观性的语言，不参杂个人情感，甚至可用无主句。
在翻译风土人情时往往涉及的知识面较宽，需要译者在帄时多注意积累，这样翻译才能到位，不聊中 啊?BR> 在语言对比方面的重点是：一、动词无论是英语还是汉语，动词是最常用的词了。
因此要做好翻译工作，译好动词的重要性更是显而易见的了。
（一）要选译适当的动词。
英语和汉语虽然在动宾搭配方面有许多共同之处，但是仍然存在着不少的差别。
如to cut wheat割麦子；to cut cake切蛋糕；to cut finger-nails剪指甲。
因此在翻译时要各自的表达习惯选择适当的动词。
例1) He is in trouble. 他有麻烦了。
例2) Helen was so aggressive while talking about her dog.当海伦谈到她的狗时，兴致勃勃。
(省略动词)例3) I saw her wandering in the street wearing sun glasses and a thick jacket. 我看见她戴着太阳镜，穿着厚茄克，在街上闲逛。
例4) Please keep me informed as soon as you got the news. 请你一得到消息就通知我。
（二）英语的非动词形式转译成汉语的动词。
英语主谓机制突出，一个句子往往动词少，名词多，尤其是抽象名词用得多，常靠词的形态变化来表达意思；汉语没有形态变化，重动态描写，所以汉语动词用得多，表达意思时往往借助动词，按时间及逻辑顺序层层交待。
在英译汉时，英语中的许多意思都可以用汉语的动词来表达。
1. 英语中具有动作意义的名词或由动词转化过来的名词，汉译时往往可转化为动词。
例1) They went on strike in demand of a 40 per cent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇第2版考研练习题库陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）配套题库（含考研真题）目录第1章绪论第2章汉英翻译基础知识第3章词语的英译3.1 词语指称意义和蕴含意义的确定3.2 词语英译与文化环境3.3 “假朋友”的识别3.4 成语和四字格的英译第4章句子的英译4.1 主语的确定4.2 谓语的确定与主谓一致问题4.3 语序的调整4.4 否定句的英译4.5 句子功能的再现第5章句群与段落的英译5.1 句群内的衔接与连贯5.2 段落翻译第6章篇章的英译6.1 广告文本的英译6.2 新闻文本的英译6.3 科技文本的英译6.4 说明性文本的英译6.5 歌词文本的英译6.6 文学文本的英译•试看部分内容绪论Ⅰ. 填空题1. 按照文本类型来分，翻译可分为_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】文学翻译；科技翻译；新闻翻译；应用文翻译查看答案【解析】根据书中所述，文本的类型概括起来有小说、诗歌、戏剧等文学文本，科技报告、科技论文等科技文本，新闻报道、通讯、社论、特写等新闻文本，广告、合同、产品说明书等应用文本。
2. 就翻译方式而言，主要有_____、_____、_____，其中_____是翻译最基本的方式。
【答案】全译；摘译；编译；全译查看答案【解析】全译，指全文翻译，为翻译最基本的方式。
摘译，指根据特定目的，选取、翻译原文的一部分，从而使译入语读者更快地获得所需源语文本中的信息。
编译为“编辑”和“翻译”的结合。
3. 汉语和英语均具有的语言层级为_____、_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】词；短语；句子；段落；篇章查看答案【解析】翻译单位是翻译研究和学习翻译不可忽视的问题，因为涉及到两种语言在什么层级上进行转换的问题。
汉英两种语言均有的语言层级为词（wo rd）、短语（ph rase）、句子（sen tence）、段落（p aragraph）和篇章（text）。
第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。
This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍，孰不可忍？If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when youdo not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗：但凡新媳妇进门，三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜，发个利市。
这菜一定是鱼，取“富贵有余”的意思。
The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish, which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心，想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了，今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。
We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流，满学中都送了两个外号：一个叫“香怜”，一个叫“玉爱”。
... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明：觉新哪，你听着！Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门，扑鼻的是一阵幽香，入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店，七十二座管弦楼。
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的：了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）Translation is an art/ science/craft?2．中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）：严复：信达雅--- faithfulness/expressiveness/eleganc e. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷：神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书：化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德：信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争：鲁迅：宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流。
4．直译与意译：直译---literal translation 意译：free translation直译的例子：crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应; gentlemen’s agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流; paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last---断气; go to one’s external rest---安息; the long sleep---长眠; see Marx 见马克思;Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿: You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street” should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹：She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. Public father should be father in law.意译的例子：It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam’s apple句子比较：Little fish does not eat big fish直译：小鱼不吃大鱼意译：胳膊拧不过大腿试译：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福：直译：Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.意译：The weather and human life are both unpredictable有人说，翻译是带着镣铐跳舞（translation is like dancing in fetters）；还有人说，翻译像女人，忠实的不漂亮，漂亮的不忠实。
新编大学英译汉教程第二版知识点总结英译汉的翻译知识点总结词类转译技巧在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。
1、转译成动词。
英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。
The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way .植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。
(名词转译)As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on .他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。
2、转译成名词。
英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。
The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.我们居住的地球，形状象一个大球。
(动词转译)The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded .医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。
(形容词转换)3、转译成形容词。
英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。
另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。
It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。
(作表语的名词转译)The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man .太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
(副词转译)4、转译成副词。
英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。
When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。
I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confused way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.我认为,如果一个人思路不清,他写文章也困惑,如果他喜怒无常的文章就会荒诞不经;如果他思想敏捷,智能,由眼前的事情,他将一百件事情,除非他有很大的自我控制、负荷在文章中隐喻和明喻。
I sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective endeavour to seek a just and practical solution to the problem which has bedeviled the United Nations for so many years.我真诚地希望你的祝贺将相媲美的集体努力追求公正和实际解决问题的困扰,联合国已经多年了。
Culture to him, as to the Orientals, with whom he lived so much and sympathized so deeply, was an affair of the spirit and of mind not to be measured by material progress, or, even by the arts.文化,在东方人,和他一起住这么多,深深同情的事情,是灵,可以不可以通过衡量物质进步、或,即使是艺术。
1、英军胜利地登上了小岛。
a. The British army climbed onto the island successfully.b. The British army landed on the island successfully.析：“登”一词既有“爬、攀登”之意，又可理解为“登陆”。
从本句的上下文来看，“登”这一动作的施动者是军队，对象是小岛而非高山，“登上”意为“登陆、上岸”，应译作land on ，而非climb onto 。
２、他对事情的进展情况也还满意。
He is quite satisfied with the way things went.析：“也”在句中是表示程度的副词，不可作“同样”解，不应译为also 或as well 。
３、他是我父亲。
He is my father.这姑娘是漂亮。
This is girl is really beautiful.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .是可忍，孰不可忍？If this can be tolerated, what cannot?是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present析：“是”在以上各句中的指称意义各不相同。
第一句的“是”表示判断，第二句中的“是”必须重读，表示“的确、实在”，第三句中的“是”表示凡是，第四句的“是”意为“这”，仅用于书面语中，“是”的这一用法已带有蕴涵意义了。
第五句的“是”意为“认为正确”，作动词用，也是书面语。
所以，译文的表达也相应地有所不同。
４、知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .（孔子《论语》，James Legge 译）析：句中一连出现了五个“知”字，前四个“知”的词性与指称意义相同，都作动词“知道”解。
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6.6文学文本的英译⊙散文翻译Practice1回信，固然可畏，不回信，也绝非什么乐事。
书架上经常叠着百多封未回之信，“债龄”或长或短，长的甚至一年以上，那样的压力，也绝非一个普通的罪徒所能负担的。
一叠未回的信，就像一群不散的阴魂，在我罪深孽重的心底幢幢作祟。
理论上说来，这些信当然是要回的。
我可以坦然向天发誓，在我清醒的时刻，我绝未存心不回人信。
问题出在技术上。
给我一整个夏夜的空闲，我该先回一年半前的那封信呢，还是七个月前的这封信？隔了这么久，恐怕连谢罪自谴的有效期也早过了吧。
在朋友的心目中，你早已沦为不值得计较的妄人。
“莫名其妙！”是你在江湖上一致的评语。
（宁波大学2016研）【参考译文】Replying a letter does make me flinch;however,unreplied letters allow me no release at all.Dozens of unreplied letters pile up on my bookshelf,like a sum of debt waiting to be paid.Some have been waiting there for over one year,while some have newly arrived.The pressure from paying off that debt is far beyond what a junior debtor can endure.The stack of unreplied letters are,like a group of haunting ghosts,continually pestering my guilt-loaded soul.Conventionally,the letters will certainly be replied.I can even swear by heaven that never do I have the intention not to reply when my mind is clear.The problem is how to reply.Even if I spared myself a whole summer night,I would be wavering on which letter to reply first,the18-month-old one or the7-month-old?The reply has been delayed for solong that I’m afraid even a heartfelt apology has already lost its power.In friends’heart,I’ve been marginalized as a cocky man unworthy of care.“Unaccountable”!That is their unanimous comment on me.Practice2笑是最流动、最迅速的表情，从眼睛里泛到口角边。
第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。
This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍，孰不可忍？If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗：但凡新媳妇进门，三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜，发个利市。
这菜一定是鱼，取“富贵有余”的意思。
The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心，想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了，今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。
We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流，满学中都送了两个外号：一个叫“香怜”，一个叫“玉爱”。
... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明：觉新哪，你听着！Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门，扑鼻的是一阵幽香，入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店，七十二座管弦楼。
...the countless taverns and music halls.12.……两块肩胛骨高高凸出，印成一个阳文的“八”字。
...and his shoulder blades stuck out so sharply, an inverted V seemed stamped there.13.宝钗笑道：不用问，狗嘴里还有象牙不成I don’t have to ask,”retorted Pao-chai,“One dose not expect ivory from a dog’s mouth14.他身材增加了一倍，先前的紫色的圆脸，已经变作灰黄，而且加上了很深的皱纹He had grown to twice his former size.his round face,crimson before,had become sallow and acquired deep lines and wrinkles15.在我们的左面，住有一家砍砍柴，卖卖菜，人家死人或娶亲，去帮帮忙跑跑腿的人家。
Residing on our left was a family that cut firewood when there was firewood to cu t and peddled vegetables when there werevegetables to peddle .or when there were funerals or weddings going on they’d offer to do legwork.16.……路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。
By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean, and the rickshaw quickened his pace.17.我在学校读书的时候，有所谓“强迫运动”，我踢破过几双球鞋，打断过几只球拍。
因此侥幸维持下来最低限度的体力。
In my school days, in response to(作为回应）the so-called "compulsory physical exercises", i went in for many sports （参与许多运动）at the expense of（以.....作为代价）many pairs of sneakers and rackets, thus luckily building up a minimum of good Physique.18.身体好，学习好，工作好。
Keep fit, study well and work hard.19.但我相信，那种哀怨的无声的诉说，一定是一种生命的绝唱！Yet I believe those plaintive silent words must be masterpiece singing the praises of life!20.从她的回忆录可以看出她对那位导演始终会有一种复杂的感情21.Judging from what she wrote in her memoir,she always had mixed feelings for that director.22.于是，洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去，吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去，默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。
Thus ,the day flows away through the sink when I wash ma hands,wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal ,and passes away before my daydreaming gaze as I reflect in silence.23.天下第一鼓———陕北安塞腰鼓The Majestic Ansai Waist Drum Dance of Northern Shaanxi24.庵和春节时节一样静，白的墙和漆黑的门。
The convent was as peaceful as it had been that spring, with its white wall and shining black Gate.25.他俩像所有轻年的情侣那样天生好赌气，可末了，总是她来找她，一般不出一个星期，他很自信Like other young lovers they used to quarrel quite often ,but in the end ,within a week or so ,it was always she who would come to him first for reconciliation.he had been quite confident that this argument would end the same way.26.……大约那弹性的胖绅士早在我的空处胖开了他的右半身子。
... no doubt the elastic fat gentleman had expanded his right side into the space I vacated.27.西风，秋水，雁阵，衔着落日的远山，交融在一起，更增添打猎者的无限兴致。
An autumn stream ruffled by(弄皱）the west wind, and the lines of wild geese set against the background of distant mountains embracing the sinking sun, harmoniously merged to enhance the joy of hunters.28.我接着便有许多话，想要连珠一般涌出……但又觉得被什么挡着似的，单在脑里面回旋，吐不出口外去。
After this there were so many things I wanted to talk about, they should have poured out like a string of beads ... But I wastongue-tied, unable to put all I was thinking into words.29.去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着，去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢？Those that have gone have gone for good,those to come keep coming ,yet in between,how swift is the shift,in such a rush.30.布衣疏食wear coarse clothes and eat simple food31.一大半人的嘴不自觉地张开，不时还漏出“啧！啧！”的赞叹声。
Many people's mouths gaped open without their being aware of it, and all the while there were clucks of admiration from the crowd.32.孔子谓：“季氏八佾舞于庭，是可忍也，孰不可忍也。
”Master Kung said of the head of the Chi family when he had eight teams of dancers performing in his courtyard. If this man can be endured, who cannot be endured!33.一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我“胖了”之后即大骂其新党。
