英语科技论文常用句式结构

英文科技论文写作常用句式Abstract:1、Introduction (Motivation/ purpose/goal/aim/objective/importance) (present tense)1）The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of steady-state scale-up for small-scale sedimentary structures.2） An important objective of these well-constrained experiments is to evaluate current theoretical models of PGE solubility.2、Scope/perspective (past/present tense)1）This study examined fecal coliform reduction in domestic wastewater after receiving treatment through a constructed open water wetland, a slow sand filter, and a portable ultraviolet disinfection unit.2） The scope of this study was to compare the behavior and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during soil-aquifer treatment at different field sites in Arizona and California.3、method/procedure/approach (past tense)1）In this study, a lab-scale aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower system packed with particulate plastic media (1.5 cm, hexagon in shape) was used to treat the salty artificial wastewater polluted by mineral oil (diesel fuel) mixed with chemical dispersant (CPC OD-10) and inorganic nutrients. 2）It involved recycling a small portion of the primary sludge and then activating it to enhance its biosorptive and flocculent properties through 30-min aeration. The aerated sludge was then brought into contact with raw sewage to induce rapid biosorption of soluble COD and flocculation of colloidal organic before the mixture was settled in a regular primary clarifier.4、Results/findings/products (past tense)e.g. Three granitoid magmatic events were identified at 815 Ma, 700-730Ma, and 620-625Ma, which were marked by emplacement of the calc-alkaline Ujjukka granite and granodiorite, the anatectic Suqii-Wagga two-mica granite and the Guttin K-feldspar megacrystic granite, and the anorogenic Ganjii monzogranite, respectively.5、Discussion/Conclusions (present/past tense)e.g. The results showed that under traction free conditions subsidence was athree-dimensional problem and one-dimensional subsidence models tended to focus excessive amounts of vertical deformation near the pumped well. The magnitude of vertical deformation in one-dimensional subsidence models was exacerbated as the grid size became smaller in the vicinity of the pumping well. This was due to increased calculated drawdown in the vicinity of the well for more finely-spaced grids.6、Implications/applications (present tense)e.g. Our experimental results are directly applicable to porphyry coppersystems because in such systems temperature, PH, salinity and oxygen英文科技论文写作常用句式fugacity are similar to the experimental parameters. Application of our experimental results indicate that a typical porphyry systems can transport at least 40 tons of Pd if sources of platinum group elements (PGE) are available and the solubility-controlling phase is metallic Pd.7、limitations and suggestions for further studies (past/present tense for limitations, present/future tense for suggestions)e.g. 1) This study suggests that in order to achieve the highest treatmentlevel of secondary unchlorinated wastewater, a combination of aquaticponds and subsurface flow wetlands may be necessary.2) In general, source water quality, drinking water and wastewatertreatment should be viewed as one system in indirect potable re-use projects.3) However, because constructed wetlands, besides the water qualityimprovement function, perform a multitude of other functions such asbiodiversity, habitat, climatic, hydrological and public use functions, methodologies need to be developed to evaluate these functions and toweigh them in relation to the water quality issue.Structure of an Abstract：1、The first sentence in the Abstract:♦The purpose of this research is…♦The primary goal of this research is…♦The intention of this paper is to survey…♦The overall objective of thi s study is…♦The chief aim of the present work is to investigate…♦The purpose of this paper is to explain why…♦The primary object of this fundamental research is to reveal…♦The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain…♦The experiment made here is aimed at …♦The emphasis of this study lies in…♦The problem we have outlined here deals largely with the study of…♦This study examined…. (past tense)2、The next sentences：♦The method used in the study was…♦The technique applied is referred to as…♦The procedure was as follows…♦The approach adopted extensively is called…♦The experiment consisted of three steps:…♦Included in the experiment were…♦The test equipment which was used consisted of…♦Several sets of experiments were carried out to test the validity of…♦This formula is verified by…3、The ending part of an abstract：♦The results of the experiment indicated that …♦The studies showed that…♦The studies we carried out demonstrated that…♦The research suggested that…♦The investigation carried out by… revealed that…♦All the preliminary results threw light on …♦As a result of our experiments, we concluded that…♦From the experiments, we realized that…♦This fruitful work provided explanation to …♦The research work brought about a discovery of…♦These findings of the research led the author to the conclusion that…4、The last sentences:♦…should be further studied in relation to ...♦…should do…♦Further research into…is necessary.♦Further study should be made in relation to…♦Further investigation into…is needed.Introduction：Step 1: the nature and scope of the problem investigated. interest or importance, many other investigators active in the area.♦Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to…♦In recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly in terested in…♦Recently, there has been wide interest in…♦The well-known…phenomena…have been favorite topics for analysis both in…♦Knowledge of …has a great importance for…♦The study of …has become an important aspect of…♦The effect of …has been studied exte nsively in recent years.♦Many investigators have recently turned to…♦The relationship between …has been studied by many authors.♦ A central issue in…is the validity of…Step 2: making a topic generalization.statements about knowledge or practice:♦The pathology of… is well known.♦There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that…♦The …properties of …are still not completely understood.♦ A standard procedure for assessing has been…♦Education core courses are often criticized for…phenomena:♦…is a common finding in patients with…♦An elaborate system of…is found in the …♦English is rich in related words exhibiting “stress shifts”.♦There are many situations where examination scripts are marked and then re-marked by another examiner.Step3:Discuss the relevant primary research literature (with citations) and summarizing our current understanding of the problem you are investigating.Examples of integral citation forms（直接引用方式）:♦Halliday (2008) showed that the moon is …..♦Halliday’s theory (2008) claim s that …...♦Halliday’s (2008) theory of lunar composition has general support.♦According to Halliday (2008), the moon is…...Examples of indirect citation forms（间接引用方式）:♦Previous research has shown that the moon is …..(Brie, 1988).♦It has been shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦It has been established that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon is probably made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon may be made of cheese (cf. Rock, 1989).Step4:Indicate a gap.♦No research has been don e on …♦Little effort has been spent on the study of…♦(Very) few researchers have investigated…♦The nature of…is overlooked.♦Researchers have failed to notice that…♦The result is misleading/questionable/inconclusive/limited.♦The result of…has several limita tions.♦The research can rarely cover…Step5: State the purpose♦The purpose of this study was to....♦We investigated three possible mechanisms to explain the ...(1) …….(2) …….♦This paper reports on the results obtained…♦The aim of the present paper is to give…♦The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to…♦This study was designed to evaluate…♦This paper aims to report the interaction of…Step6: rationale and approachFor example: State briefly how you approached the problem (e.g., you studied oxidative respiration pathways in isolated mitochondria of cauliflower). This will usually follow your statement of purpose in the last paragraph of the Introduction.Step7: the arrangement of the writing at the end of the Introduction.●This paper is divid ed into five major sections: Section one opens with….Section two presents…Section three deals with… Section Four reveals…Section five concludes the paper.●We have organized the rest of this paper in the following way…●This paper is structured as follow s…●The remainder of this paper is divided into five sections. Section IIdescribes…Materials and Methods1.… (method) was used to do….2.The study used/made use of/employed the method that….3.描述方法过程的连接词：and/and then/then/next/the next step/before that/after that.Conclusion or Discussion：•Based on the above discussion, the following conclusion can be made that …•From .., it can be concluded that…•In conclusion, the result shows that…•These findings of the research led to the conclusion that..•To sum up, t he research/this study reveals that…•In summary, the result of the experiment demonstrates that…•As a result of our experiments we concluded that…The results：•The data of the experiment are briefly summarized as follows.•Figure 4 shows the results of the study.•Table 6 presents the data obtained in the experiment.•This table summarizes the data collected in this study.•The findings of this study are summarized/listed in Table 7.•The outcome of the experiment is reported in the following table.ABSTRACTProcessing AIT logging information can get more accurate layer real resistivity and mud invasion depth and section. AIT results help to differentiate layer infiltration ability and fluid type, the calculation of mud invasion depth can instruct the level of oil reservoir to be polluted by well drilling directly and offer reference basis for the following work. The development of AIT offers new method to differentiate oil reservoir mud invade and thin layer and means and condition for establishing the explainable method of complex oil reservoir and raising the appraisement precision. This paper studied AIT principle and explainable method as well as contrast aspect with conventional induction resistivity. This paper presents some application examples of Huabei oilfield logging series optimization technology.Subject Terms：AIT logging contrast the method based of radial resistive rateInvasion thin layer apply1. 油集团从油田勘探开发的瓶颈问题入手，研究出一套较高勘探程度富油气凹陷的精细勘探方法，提出并实践了适合该区地质特点的勘探开发一体化地质研究与管理模式。

科技论文的常用句型与写作要点科技论文是学术交流和研究成果发布的重要形式之一，对于科学研究人员而言，掌握科技论文的常用句型和写作要点是提高论文质量和影响力的关键。

本文将介绍一些常用的科技论文句型，并分享一些写作要点，帮助科研人员写出更加精彩和专业的科技论文。

一、常用句型1.表达引言和目的：–In recent years, there has been growing interest in…–The purpose of this study is to…–This paper aims to…–The intention of this research is to…这些句型常用于引出研究的背景和目的，为读者提供对研究主题的整体认识。

2.阐述问题：–One of the key research questions is…–The main problem addressed in this study is…– A major challenge in this field is…这些句型用于明确和阐述研究中需要解决的问题和挑战，引起读者的兴趣。

3.描述方法和实验过程：–The research was conducted using a quantitative/qualitative approach.–The experimental setup consisted of…–Data collection was performed through…在描述研究方法和实验过程时，可以使用这些句型来说明研究使用的方法和实验设计的细节。

4.呈现结果和数据分析：–The results of the study indicate…–The data analysis revealed that…–From the findings, it can be concluded that…通过使用这些句型，可以简明扼要地呈现研究的结果和对数据的分析。

科技论文的常用句型与写作要点科技论文的常用句型与写作要点在撰写科技论文时，合理的句型和写作要点能够使文章更加准确清晰地传递信息。

下面是一些常用的句型和写作要点，希望能对你的科技论文写作有所帮助。

一、引言部分1. 开篇引出研究主题- Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, the issue of [研究主题] has gained significant attention.- In recent years, [研究主题] has become an important topic in the field of [相关领域].- The study of [研究主题] has attracted growing interest in both academia and industry.- The purpose of this paper is to investigate [研究主题] and propose a novel approach to address this problem.2. 简述研究现状和研究意义- Previous studies have shown that [现有研究结果].- However, there are still some unresolved issues in this area, including [未解决问题].- Therefore, it is necessary to further explore [研究主题].- The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of [研究主题] and provide practical guidance for [相关领域].二、方法部分1. 描述研究对象- The samples used in this study were [样本来源和特点].- In order to achieve a representative sample, we selected [选择方法].- The data was collected from [数据来源] and verified by [其他数据].2. 介绍研究设计- This study adopts a [研究设计] approach.- A combination of [多个方法] was used to analyze the data.- We conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis.3. 讨论研究结果- The results indicate that [结果].- Our findings suggest that [发现].- It can be concluded that [总结].- The results are consistent with previous studies, which support the validity of our hypothesis.三、讨论部分1. 解释研究结果- The observed differences can be attributed to [解释原因].- It is likely that [可能原因].- The variation in [结果] may be due to [原因].- These findings provide evidence for [研究结论].2. 探讨研究局限性- One limitation of this study is that [局限性].- The sample size was relatively small, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.- Future research should consider [应注意问题].3. 提出研究建议- Future studies should focus on [进一步研究方向].- It is recommended that [建议].- More research is needed to explore the impact of [研究主题] on [相关领域].- Practical implications and potential applications of the findings should also be considered.四、结论部分1. 简述研究成果- In summary, this study has provided valuable insights into [研究主题].- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of [研究主题].- These results have important implications for [相关领域].2. 总结研究贡献- This study has advanced the knowledge in [相关领域].- The methodology and findings of this study can be applied in [其他领域].- The results of this study fill a gap in the literature and provide afoundation for future research.3. 展望未来研究方向- Future research should focus on [发展方向].- It is recommended to explore [进一步研究内容].- Further investigation is needed to address [相关问题].总之，科技论文的写作要点包括明确引出研究主题、描述研究方法、讨论研究结果和提出研究建议。

现在把科技英文写作的一些常用句型、套路用语、转折、强调用语甚至是一些搞定评阅人的一些技巧拿出来与大家分享，希望新虫门能从中受惠，顺利跨国发表SCI文章这道坎。

如果觉得有用，别忘了评价。

一些常见的英文文章语言技巧a)如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性，通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如However, little information..little attention...little work...little datalittle researchor few studiesfew investigations...few researchers...few attempts...or nonone of these studieshas (have) been lessdone on ...focused onattempted toconductedinvestigatedstudied(with respect to)Previous research (studies, records) has (have)failed to considerignoredmisinterpretedneglected tooverestimated, underestimatedmisleadedthus, these previus results areinconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial.. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ...这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。

如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用：However, data is still scarcerareless accuratethere is still dearth ofWe need toaim tohave toprovide more documentsdatarecordsstudiesincrease the datasetFurther studies are still necessary...essential...为了强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍自己研究问题的反方面，另一方面等等比如：1)时间问题如果你研究的问题时间上比较新，你就可以大量提及对时间较老的问题的研究及重要性，然后说(However)，对时间尺度比较新的问题研究不足2)物性及研究手段问题如果你要应用一种新手段或者研究方向，你可以提出当前比较流行的方法以及物质性质，然后说对你所研究的方向和方法，研究甚少。

sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一，论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。

本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点，分别列举常用的句式，旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。

二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义：- 过去几十年里，关于...的研究取得了显著进展。

(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前，对于...的认识仍然不够充分。

(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题：- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。

(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。

(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计：- 采用了...的方法进行实验。

(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中，我们考虑了...的因素。

(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设，我们采用了...的实验方案。

(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本：- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。

一．典型句式1.… be used to … , such as …2.… refer to … in which …3.One distinct feature of … is …4.In a broader sense, … can be regarded as … that can …5.This paper is most concerned with …6.Emphasis is placed on the design of …7.With the ubiquity of new information technology and media, more effective and friendly methods for … are being developed which do not rely on traditional devices such as …8.Furthermore, the ever decreasing price/performance ratio of ... coupled with recent decreases in... imply that ... can be ...9. The rapidly expanding research in ... is based on ...10. In the last ... years, ... have attracted much attention though they have been studied for more than ... years by ...11. Many research demonstrations and commercial applications have been developed from these efforts.12. A first step of any ... is ... . However, ...13. We now give a definition of ... : ...14. The challenges associated with ... can be attributed to the following factors:15. There are many closely related problems of ...16. ... aims to ...17. The goal of ... is to... , such as ...18. The purpose of ... is to ... , while ...19. It is worth mentioning that many papers use the term “... ,” but the methods and the experimental results only show that ... Is...20. In this paper, we differentiate ... from ... since the latter is a simplified problem of the former. Meanwhile, we focus on ... methods rather than ...21. While numerous methods have been proposed to ... in ..., we areunaware of any surveys on this particular topic. A survey of early ... methods before ... was written by...21.... wrote a more recent survey on ...22.Among ... methods, the ones based on ... have attracted much attention recently and have demonstrated excellent results. Since these ... methods rely heavily on the training sets, we also discuss several ... for this task. 22. A related and important problem is how to evaluate the performanceof the proposed ... methods.23.Many recent ... papers compare the performance of several methods, usually in terms of ...24.It is also worth noticing that many ... have been adopted to evaluate ..., such as ...25.Evaluation becomes more difficult when researchers use different definitions for ...26. In this paper, ... is defined as ... between... and ...27. Consequently, ... is one of the few attempts to ...28. It is also one of the few classes of objects for which ... and, so, some of the ... may be applicable to a much broader class of ... problems.29. To be effective, either ...must ... or ...30. With an aim to give a comprehensive and critical survey of ... methods, this paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we give a detailed review of techniques to ...31. ... are discussed in Section 3.32. We conclude this paper with a discussion of several promising directions for... in Section 4.133. The basic ideas of ... theory and its extensions as well as many interesting applications can be found in ... ,issues of the Transactions on ... , special issues of other journals (see, e.g. ... ), proceedings of international conferences... , tutorials (see, e.g., [110]).34. For more information one can also visit web pages ... and ...34.The basic notions of ... and ... were introduced during ...35.In this paper, the basic concepts of ... theory are presented. We also point out some research directions and applications based on ...36. In articles [...,...], we discuss in more detail two selected topics, namely, extensions of ... approach and the combination of ... and ...二、常用连接词However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore...。

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英语科技论文写作的常用句式
导读：导语：英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需
的技能。

那么它的写作句式都有哪些？以下是小编为大家搜集的文章，欢迎大家阅读与借鉴！
研究现状模块的常用句式研究现状模块，主要阐述其他学者、也包括作者本人与论文要探讨的问题或现象相关的研究工作，通常先“总”后“分”地陈述。

研究现状这部分的目的是引出存在的问题。

“总述”常用一个句子概括相关的研究工作，一般用现在完成时：
(1)用主动语态时，常用researcher／author／investigator／writer等作主语，如：Many／Several／A number of／Few researchers have studied／investigated／examined／explored
／reported on／discussed／considered+研究主题．
(2)用被动语态时，常用study／research／investigation／experiment／work／attention等作主语。

如果描述“研究主题”的单词少，那么“研究主题”可置于句中，如：Many studies／researches ／investigationes／experimentes on+研究主题+have been performed／done／published．当描述“研究主题”的单词较多时，可置于句末，如：Mucebody for the analysis of+论文将要研究的
主题．
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英语科技论文常用句型结构1. Introduction(引言):引言中作者通常提出问题并说明论文的研究目的。

1）研究目的（1）论文导向使用paper, thesis或dissertation这样的特征名词，直接提及研究论文本身，而且此类句子通常采用一般现在时态。

常用的句型有：The purpose of this paper is…/The aim of this report is…/The objective of the paper is to obtain quantitative about the particles size distribution/to model the dynamic behavior in the super-or near-critical CO2 extraction.（2）研究导向study, research, investigation或experiment等特征名词被用来强调研究活动本身。

这类句子是表达已经过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时态。

The purpose of the experiment reported here was…/The aim of this study was…/The objective of this research was to determine the preferred viewing distance for work at a visual display unit./to examine the apparent osmotic behavior of some contemporary commercial reverse osmosis membranes.或用被动结构：In the research described here, /In this study, /In the present investigation, /In this research, /In the experimentsreported here, vertical nutrient mixing in late summer in a test area 20 kilometers off the coast was examined.描述研究目的时，最简单的句型是用this paper, this study, this project, this research等词做主语，后面用实意动词作谓语，如investigate, discuss, examine, test等，宾语为研究内容。

一、提出观点：一、提出观点：主观角度：1) we confirm （确认、证实）（确认、证实） that ：表示不是本文最新提出的：表示不是本文最新提出的2) we believe that ：自信的观点：自信的观点不是本文最新提出的一般不用以上两种不是本文最新提出的一般不用以上两种3) results + indicate that Infer that Suggest that Imply that 4) we + put forword Discover Observe 千万不要加for the first time 5）表示不太肯定，倾向于）表示不太肯定，倾向于we tentatively （暂时地；试验性地）put forward that The results may be due to This is probably a consequence of It seems that *** can account for （对…负有责任；对…做出解释；说明……的原因）this It is possible that it stems from （起源于，比较地道）（起源于，比较地道） 其中possible 不建议使用不建议使用以上：文中全用1）没创新；全用5）不确定；全用2）则会被拒）则会被拒二、逻辑性二、逻辑性连接词：however ，提出其他观点：also ，in addition 表结果：consequently ，递进：afterwards （后来）, moreover, further/furthermore 转折：although 、 in contrast 、 similarly 、 alternatively 因此：therefore 除此之外：despite 时间顺序：如：AA AA advocated advocated advocated it it it for for for the the the first first first time, time, time, then then then BB BB BB furthermore furthermore furthermore demonstrate demonstrate demonstrate that that that……., afterwords, CC …..More recent studies by DD …. AA 提出，BB 提出：AA put forward that …. In contrast, BB believe that …. unlike AA/on the contrary. AA put forward that … similarly, BB believe that …alternatively also 句子间用：firstly,firstly,……secondly secondly……. 三、其他三、其他1. 第一次缩写，必须要写说明：如CSP for short …，或者we present a new mobility model, called Selfsimilar Least-Action Walk (SLAW),不要全盘否定前人成果（即使认为不对），不要说their results are wrong 或者或者very questionable 或has no commonsense 可以说可以说 their studies may be more reasonable if they had…. Considered this situation …. their results could better convinced that …their conclusion may remain some uncertains …2. 不是综述不写future work 提别人的错误，用在讨论中比较提别人的错误，用在讨论中比较提自己的不足：1) it should be noted that this study has research/focus on only… 2)Some limitation of this study are …We have pointed that .. 上述两种说法指出文章的片面性上述两种说法指出文章的片面性提出不足后，要能转回来，否则不提：提出不足后，要能转回来，否则不提：1) the results do not imply …2) the results can not be used to determine …3) unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data 4) our results are lack of …转回来：转回来：Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggest….(解决不了) Not withstanding ：虽然：虽然However ，these problems can be solved if …. 3. 参考文献尽量新，写审稿人、权威作者的文献参考文献尽量新，写审稿人、权威作者的文献尽量不写尽量不写 et al. 两个作者一定都要写，写页数，加上自己的论文。

科技英语写作常用写作句型归纳与总结1、对……作一分析/研究/比较make an analysis of …make a study of …make a comparison of A with/and Bmake a comparison between A and B2、对……作一介绍/描述/解释give an introduction to …give a description of …give an explanation of …3、对……的研究/分析/比较表明……A study of … shows that…An analysis of … shows that…4、我们必须……It is necessary for us to do…We must do…5、我们能够……It is possible for us to do…We can do…We are able to do…We are capable of doing…We are in a position to do…6、值得注意的是……It is worth noting that…What is worth noting is that…7、必须解这个方程把未知数求出来。

It is necessary to solve the equation for the unknown.8、直接应用这个定律我们就可以得到……Direct application of this law yields/gives/produces/results in/leads to…By direct application of this law we obtain/have/get…9、可取的/恰当的做法是……It is well/proper/appropriate to do…10、我们想要……We wish to do…One wishes to do…It is desired to do…11、本书已经出版三年了。

科技英语一些常用的结构及表达在科技文章中，要对概念或术语下定义时，我们常用以下短语：一、be/(can)be defined as表示“是”或“被称为，定义为”的意思，其结构可以是：1 术语+be或(can)be defined as+名词，例如：Energy is usually defined as the ability to do work.能量通常定义为做功的本领。

A computer is a machine that process data into information.计算机是一种将数据处理为信息的机器。

These laws are defined as Newton’s laws of motion.这些定律被定义为牛顿运动定律。

2 术语+be或(can)be defined as+名词+used for doing sth/used to do sth/定语从句或分词例如：I/O devices are units to either input data or output information.输入/输出设备是用于输入数据或输出信息的设备。

Transistors are devices performing many kinds of functions in electronic equipments.晶体管是在电子设备中执行多种功能的器件。

A capacitor is defined as the device where electricity is stored in.电容器被称是一种存储电力的器件。

二、在科技文章中，有时对概念或术语不必要给出严格定义，只需从某种角度给以解释时，我们常用的词或短语是：mean, by...we mean, in other words, be termed, be called, be named, be consider as, be known as, refer to…as…, be regarded as, be thought of 等。

朱嵘良, S121074一．典型句式1.… be used to … , such as …2.… refer to … in which …3.One distinct feature of … is …4.In a broader sense, … can be regarded as … that can …5.This paper is most concerned with …6.Emphasis is placed on the design of …7.With the ubiquity of new information technology and media, more effective and friendly methods for … are being developed which do not rely on traditional devices such as …8.Furthermore, the ever decreasing price/performance ratio of ... coupled with recent decreases in... imply that ... can be ...9. The rapidly expanding research in ... is based on ...10. In the last ... years, ... have attracted much attention though they have been studied for more than ... years by ...11. Many research demonstrations and commercial applications have been developed from these efforts.12. A first step of any ... is ... . However, ...13. We now give a definition of ... : ...14. The challenges associated with ... can be attributed to the following factors:15. There are many closely related problems of ...16. ... aims to ...17. The goal of ... is to... , such as ...18. The purpose of ... is to ... , while ...19. It is worth mentioning that many papers use the term “... ,” but the methods and the experimental results only show that ... Is...20. In this paper, we differentiate ... from ... since the latter is a simplified problem of the former. Meanwhile, we focus on ... methods rather than ...21. While numerous methods have been proposed to ... in ..., we are unaware of any surveys on this particular topic. A survey of early ... methods before ... was written by...21.... wrote a more recent survey on ...22.Among ... methods, the ones based on ... have attracted much attention recently and have demonstrated excellent results. Since these ... methods rely heavily on the training sets, we also discuss several ... for this task. 22. A related and important problem is how to evaluate the performanceof the proposed ... methods.23.Many recent ... papers compare the performance of several methods, usually in terms of ...24.It is also worth noticing that many ... have been adopted to evaluate ..., such as ...25.Evaluation becomes more difficult when researchers use different definitions for ...26. In this paper, ... is defined as ... between... and ...27. Consequently, ... is one of the few attempts to ...28. It is also one of the few classes of objects for which ... and, so, some of the ... may be applicable to a much broader class of ... problems.29. To be effective, either ...must ... or ...30. With an aim to give a comprehensive and critical survey of ... methods, this paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we give a detailed review of techniques to ...31. ... are discussed in Section 3.32. We conclude this paper with a discussion of several promising directions for... in Section 4.133. The basic ideas of ... theory and its extensions as well as many interesting applications can be found in ... ,issues of the Transactions on ... , special issues of other journals (see, e.g. ... ), proceedings of international conferences... , tutorials (see, e.g., [110]).34. For more information one can also visit web pages ... and ...34.The basic notions of ... and ... were introduced during ...35.In this paper, the basic concepts of ... theory are presented. We also point out some research directions and applications based on ...36. In articles [...,...], we discuss in more detail two selected topics, namely, extensions of ... approach and the combination of ... and ...二、常用连接词However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore...。

英文论文写作中常用的10种句式1、否定句许多否定句不含not的否定结构。

如果论文作者能正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使显得生动活泼。

,childrenshouldbetaughthowtobenefitfromusefulin formationontheinternet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。

我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。

erstandingofsocieties.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。

’ssalarydoesnotdependsomuchonhiseducationalbackgroun dasonhisabilityandcontributiontothesociety.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。

2、非限制性定语从句如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明，就可以用到非限制性定语从句。

,practicalcoursescanbeusedtothereality,whichiso fvitalimportancetotheirdevelopmentinthefuture.毫无疑问，实用性课程可以用于实际中，这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。

,whichissometimesdangerousandharmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻，这在有时是危险和有害的。

hmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills ,whichmayputtheminafavorablepositioninthefuturejobm arkets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

3、让步句让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一，作者务必掌握以下4种用法，可以使英文句子起伏跌宕，富于变化。