英语科技论文——撰写与投稿
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英文科技论文写作英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。
一般而言,发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定,只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定,才能提高所投稿件的录用率。
撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构。
最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式(Introduction,Materials and Methods,Results,and Discussion),这是英文科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。
IMRaD结构的逻辑体现在它能依次回答以下问题:Introduction(引言):研究的是什么问题?Materials and Methods(材料和方法):怎样研究这个问题?Results(结果):发现了什么?Discussion(讨论):这些发现意味着什么?按照这个结构整体规划论文,有一个方法值得借鉴,即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。
首先在一张大纸上(A3或A4纸,横放)写下文章题目(事先定好题目很重要),然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题,把他们写在不同的方框内。
你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容,诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等,把它们写在方框附近的圈内,并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。
画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段,在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。
哪些东西需要包括进文章?还需要做哪些工作,是找到某文献的原文,还是补画一张图表,或者需要再查找某个参考文献?当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。
如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整,那就用箭头标示新的顺序。
绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏,但其意义重大,它可以给你自由思考的空间,并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。
这便是写论文的第一步:从整体考虑文章结构,思考各种组织文章的方法,准备好所需的资料,随时记录出现的新想法。
采用这个方法,不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起,都能够能做到大局不乱。
英文科技论文写作技巧大全英文科技论文的基本格式•Title•Author(s)•Affiliation(s) and address(es) •Abstract•Keywords•Introduction •Experimental •Results and discussion •Conclusion (Summary;Concluding remarks) •Appendix (Abbreviation)•Acknowledgement •References2.基本要求(1)Title长短适中,概括性强,重点突出,一目了然。
(2)Author(s)姓氏和名字要容易弄清楚,以免发生以名代姓。
(3)Affiliation(s) and address(es)准确清楚,使读者能按所列信息顺利地与作者联系。
(4)Abstract不宜太详尽,也不宜太简短,应将论文的研究体系、主要方法、重要发现、主要结论等,简明扼要地加以概括。
不要将结论与提要重复使用。
(5)Introduction说明本研究的目的意义。
归纳与本研究密切相关的前人研究结果及有关文献,指出本研究与前人研究的不同之处。
说明本论文要解决的问题及方法、手段等。
不宜将本论文的结果在“绪论”中叙述。
(6)Experimental叙述主要的实验过程、方法、仪器设备、试剂来源及规格等。
不宜将实验结果在“实验部分”中叙述。
(7)Results and discussion是论文的核心部分,要求:–数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚,有条理;–对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑性、自洽性。
–语句要准确、流畅、多样化,不宜重复使用相同的句型和词汇。
(8)Conclusion (Summary, Concluding remarks)简明扼要地归纳出本论文的新发现、新观点、新理论等。
不宜将“结果及讨论”部分的语句直接抄录作为结论。
(9)References要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
关于科技文的英语投稿范文Title:The Impact of Technology on EducationIn the digital age, technology has revolutionized every aspect of our lives, and education is no exception. From traditional chalkboards to interactive smartboards, from printed textbooks to digital e-books, technology has transformed the way we learn and teach. This essay explores the profound impact of technology on education, highlighting its benefits and challenges.First and foremost, technology has made learning more accessible. With the advent of online learning platforms like Coursera, Khan Academy, and edX, students around the world can access high-quality educational content regardless of their location. This democratization of education has opened doors to knowledge for many who would otherwise be left behind due to geographical or financial constraints.Moreover, technology has enhanced the learning experience by making it more interactive and engaging. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtual reality simulations provide students with immersive learning experiences that can help them better understand complexconcepts. For instance, a virtual tour of the human body can provide a more vivid understanding of anatomy than a static textbook diagram.Additionally, technology has facilitated personalized learning. Adaptive learning software can tailor educational content to each student’s learning pace and style, ensuring that all students receive the support they need to succeed. This personalized approach can significantly improve learning outcomes and help students develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.While the benefits of technology in education are undeniable, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. One major concern is the digital divide. Not all students have equal access to technology, which can exacerbate educational inequalities. It is crucial for educators and policymakers to work towards bridging this gap to ensure that all students benefit from the advantages of technology.Another challenge is the potential for technology to distract rather than enhance learning. With the abundance of online content, students may be tempted to spend more time on non-educational websites or social media platforms than on their studies. Educators must teach students digital literacyskills, including how to use technology effectively and responsibly.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on education, making it more accessible, interactive, and personalized. However, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that technology benefits all students. As technology continues to evolve, it will be essential for educators to adapt and integrate it into their teaching methods in a thoughtful and effective manner. By doing so, we can harness the power of technology to create a more equitable and effective educational system for all.。
How to Write a Scientific Paper*By George M. WhitesidesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University,Cambridge, MA 02138, USA科学论文写作*原著:George M. Whitesides (美国)译者:张希,林志宏What is a scientific paper? A paper is an organized description of hypotheses, data and conclusions, intended to instruct the reader. Papers are a central part of research. If your research does not generate papers, it might just as well not have been done. “Interesting and unpublished” is equivalent to “non-existent.”什么是科技论文?科技论文是集假说、数据和结论为一体的概括性描述,以此向读者论述。
论文是研究工作的中心部分。
如果你的研究没有写成论文,也就等同于没有做研究。
有意义但没有发表,等同于不存在。
Realize that your objective in research is to formulate and test hypotheses, to draw conclusions from these tests, and to teach these conclusions to others. Your objective is not to “collect data.”要意识到研究的目的是为了形成并证实假说,从一些测试中得出结论,并把结论传授给别人。
英文科技论文写作与投稿主要内容创作论文时如何选取研究主题三大索引收录期刊会议学科范围写作前的准备(如何选取研究主题、选择合适的投稿期刊、阅读“作者须知”或投稿指南、英文论文文体指南)论文的结构安排与撰写(如何写好一篇SCI论文的题名、怎样写好英文摘要、论文正文的写作方法)致谢的写作、参考文献管理和论文发表工具投稿及与编辑的联系同行评议发表论文的道德准则国家基金申请的研究主题选取、查新问题为什么要发表论文?Publish or perish (发表或者灭亡)—科研成果:如果没有发表,就等于不曾存在;—科研人员:没有论著发表,职业生涯将难以为继There are three necessary steps in useful research:the first to begin it, the second to end it and the third to publishit. —— M. Faraday学术研究中论文写作的时间分配据美国科学基金会统计,一个科研人员花费在查找和消化科技资料上的时间需占全部科研时间的51%,计划思考占8%,实验研究占32%,书面总结占9%。
由上述统计数字可以看出,科研人员花费在科技出版物上的时间为全部科研时间的60%。
美国科学基金会NSF(National Science Foundation)•某一方面的研究以前都有什么人用什么方法做过?•现在人们对这方面的研究有什么最新进展和认识?•目前同一研究领域,不同的实验室是否用了不同的方法展开研究,哪种方法更合理?•通常只有回答了这两个问题,才能说对课题有了一定的了解。
利用检索型工具进行课题选题著名综合性参考数据库——四大权威检索数据库Web of Science(包括科学引文索引(Science Citation Index ——SCI)、社会科学引文索引(SSCI)和艺术与人文科学引文索引(A&HCI))工程索引(Ei CornpendesWeb)SCOPUS综合性文摘数据库ISI Proceedings(包括科学技术会议录索引(ISTP)和社会科学与人文科学会议录索引(ISSHP))主要利用检索型工具(文摘数据库)进行课题选题利用检索型工具进行课题选题学科参考数据库INSPEC《科学文摘》(Science Abstracts,简称SA)BIOSIS Previews生命科学的文摘索引数据库(BIOSIS Previews,简称BP)MEDLINE生物医学文摘数据库SciFinder Scholar(CA化学文摘数据库)OCLC FirstSearch联机数据库如何利用SCI进行选题分析利用SCI知道如何判断好的研究与不好的研究、有欣赏、分析国际学术期刊论文的能力Web of Science 的检索结果分析功能分析功能可以帮助您清晰准确的了解检索到的记录的相关信息。