给排水专业英语词汇汇总

给排水专业英语汇总废水 abwasser 排水系统 drainage system UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 废水收集 wastewater collection 生活排水系统 sanitary system排水工程 sewetage engineering 废水处理 wastewater disposal 工业排水系统 industrial system市政工程 civil engineering 受纳水体 receiving waters 雨水排水系统stormwater system市政工程师 civil engineer 污染 pollution pollute 合流制 combined sewers环境工程 environmental engineering 污染物 pollntant 分流制 separate sewers水文学 hydrology 玷污、污染 contamination 建筑排水系统 building drainage system水力学 hydranlies 致污物 contaminant 卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures 水环境 natural aquatic environment 未污染 uncontaminated 卫浴设备bathroom fixtures流域 watershed 水污染 water pollution 输水系统 water transmission system水体 waterbody 水污染控制 water pollution control 漏水率 leakage rate地表水 surface water 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 配水系统water distribution system新鲜水 freshwater 污水回用 wastewater reuse 环状管网 grid system 地下水 groundwater 支状管网 branching system UNIT 2含水层 aquifer 水短缺 water scarcity 下水管道 sanitary sewer天然含水层 natural aquifer 地表水资源 surface water resource 污水节流管 intercepting sewer地下含水层 underground aquifer 管网 Pipe Network 污水节流系统intercepting sewer system水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 供水系统 water supply system 污水节流井 sewage intercepting cell渗滤 infiltration 市政配水系统 municipal distribution system 支管collection sewer collector sewer降水 precipitation 建筑给水系统house water supply system 生活污水sanitary sewage渗入 precolation 分区供水系统 dual distribution system domestic sewage蒸发 evaporation 小区 micro district domestic wastewater蒸腾 transpiration 小社区 small community 工业污水 industrial wastewater城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes水源 water source 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes水资源 water resource 消防系统 fire protection system 雨水 rainwater stormwater取水 water withdrawal 喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system 水位waterlevel水处理 water treatment 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 海拔、标高 elevation配水 water distribution 半自动水幕系统坡度 grade用水 water use semi automatic drencher system 倾斜度 slope污水 wastewater 消火栓 hydrant 明渠 Open channel1开挖 excavation 层流 Laminar flow 病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms深度 excavation depth 滞流粘性流 viscous flow 病原体 Pathogenic 水力分析 hydraulic analysis 过渡流 Transitional flow 病毒 Pathogenic bacterin水头 pressure head 湍流 Turbulent flow 细菌 Bacteria总水头 total head 紊流 Turbulence flow 大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria 涡流 Eddying flow 病毒 Viruses Unit 3水头损失 Head loss 雷诺数 Teynolds number 藻类 Algae速度头动压头 Velocity head 水质 Water guality 浊度 Turbidity 静压Static head 水源 Water sources 放射性 Radionuclide 摩擦水头 Friction head 供水水源 Water supples 感官性状 Esthetic qualities 水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 原水 Raw water 审美 Esthetic 重力流 Gravity flow 未处理水 Untreated water 味 Taste水塔 Water castle 出水 Finished water 嗅 Odo贮水箱 Cistern 原水水质 Raw-water quality 色 Colour泵站 Pump station 水质标准 Water quality standards 变色Discolouration 给水泵站 Water pump station 水质要求 Water quality requirements 变色 Discolor 污水泵站 Sewage station 饮用水 Drinkwater\potable water 水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality 提升泵站 Lift pumping plant 自来水 Tap water 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water 增压泵 Booster pump 纯水 Pure water 浊度值 Turbidity values 离心泵 Centrifugal pump 饮用水标准 Drinking water standards 浊度单位 Turdidity unit 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 饮用水一级标Primarydrinking water standards 浑浊单位 Turdid 潜水艇 Submerine 最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levels 嗅阈值 Threshold odor number 深井泵 Well pump maxmum allowable levels 化学性质 Chemical quality 虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels 水质化学参数Chemical parametersof water quality 人孔 Manhole 主要污染物 Primary contaminants 溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO) 法兰 Flange 有机化合物 Organic chemicals 溶解氧浓度 Do level 阀门 Valve 合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals 溶解氧平衡 Do balance 闸阀 Gate valve 挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals 氧损 Oxygen depletion 泵送系统 Pumping system 无机化合物Inorganic chemical 有机污染物 Organic pollutant 流量 Flow rate 微生物Micro organisms\microbes 生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 流速Fluid velocity 微生物污染 Microbial contaminants 总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)2总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 保证 Preserve 分离 Separate悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS) 清洗剂 Cleaning agent 隔离 Separation 总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS) 洗涤剂 Detergent 物理法 Physicalprocess 溶解 Dissolved (DS) 发泡剂 Foaming agent 物理处理 Physical treatment 总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) 泡沫 Foam 物理处理过程 Physical treatment process化肥 Fertilizer 一级处理 Primary treatment Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese 肥沃的 Fertile 初步处理Preliminary treatment 硬度 Hardness 富营养化 Eutrophication 格栅筛滤Screening 碱度 Alkalinity 营养的 Trophic 格栅 Screen盐度 Salinity 营养水平 Trophic level 格栅 Bar screen 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials 生态位 Niche 栅条 Bars氰化物 Cyanides 钢栅条 Steel bars Unit 5急性毒性 Acute toxity 原污水 Raw sewage 渣耙 Cleaning rakes 慢性毒性Chronic toxity 原废水 Raw wastes 圆形破碎机 Circular grinder 基因毒性Genetic toxicity 处理水 Treated wastes 破碎 Grind基因 Gene 回用水 Redaimed water 除砂 Degritting 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 水处理过程 Water processing 砂 Grit 永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 收集 Collect 沙 Sand 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals 处置 Dispose 除砂 Grit removal 三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 处理方法 Treatment method 沉砂池 Grit chamber 卤素 Halogen 处理费用 Treatment costs 沉淀 Settling 甲基 Methyl 处理单元Treatment process 沉淀池 Settling tank 氯仿 Trichloromethane 运行模式Operational mode 澄清池 Clarifier 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 杀虫剂农药 Pesticide 均匀均化 Equalization 初沉池 Primary settling tank 害虫 Pest 均匀 Equalize 一级出水 Primary effluent 杀虫剂 Insecticide 调蓄水池 Equalizationstorage 二级处理 Secondary treatment 除草剂 Herbicide 调节池Equalization tank 二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process 杀菌剂Germicide 蓄水池 Storage tank 生物处理 Biological treatment 细菌 Germ 降解 Degrade 二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 防腐剂 Preservative 分解Decompose 二沉池 Secondary settling tank3最终澄清池 Final clarifier 第五部分: 物化处理最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 1(混凝 n. coagulation 2(沉淀 n. sedimentation 二级出水 Secondary effluent 混凝过程 coagulation process 沉降 n. sedimentation 三级处理 Tertiary treatment 化学混凝 chemical coagulation 自由沉降 plain settling 深度处理 Advanced treatment 凝聚 n. aggregation 拥挤沉降 hindered settling 废水消毒 Waste disinfection 絮凝n. flocculation 重力沉降 gravity settling 出流出水 Effluent flow v. flocculate 沉淀池 settling tank 允许浓度 Allowable levels 异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation 沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank 优异出水High-quality polished effluent 同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant 混凝剂 n. coagulant 圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank 污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant 混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage 管式沉淀池 tube settler 二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant 烧杯实验 jar test 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 城市污水处理最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settlerMunicipal wastewater treatment 助凝剂 coagulant aid 板式沉淀池 plate separator 市政工程 Municipal engineering 助凝剂 flocculation aid 气浮 n.floatation 土木工程 Civil engineering 聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes 泡沫分离 foam separation 城市污水处理厂快速混合 flash-mix , 溶气气浮dissolved-air floatationMunicipal wastewater treatment plant rapid-mix 气浮池 floatationtank 污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 快速混合器 flash mixer , 表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 电容 Capacitance rapid mixer 撇去 v. skim污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 混合池 mixer tank 浮渣 n. scum多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility 快速混合池 flash-mix tank 浮渣槽scum trough 处理池 Treatment tank 絮凝器 n. flocculator 刮泥机 sludge scraper 负荷 Load 絮凝池 flocculation tank 排泥 sludge drawoff 负荷Loadings sludge withdrawal 水力负荷 Hydrautic loading 固体接触池 solids-contact tank 预沉淀 n. presedimentation 污染负荷 Pollutant load 澄清 n. clarification 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin 有机负荷 Organic load v. clarify无机负荷 Inorganic load 澄清池 n. clarifier 3(过滤 n. filtration 不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 滤池 n. filter 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 澄清水 clarifying water 慢滤池 slow filter4快滤池 rapid filter 自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,高速(负荷)滤池 high rate filter 4(消毒 n. disinfection freeavailable chlorine砂滤池 sand filter v. disinfect 化合氯 combined chlorine慢砂滤池 slow sand filter 消毒剂 n. disinfectant 剩余保护 residual protection快砂滤池 rapid sand filter disinfection agent 余氯 residual chlorine 重力滤池 gravity filter 杀菌剂 n. germicide 余氯量 chlorine residual 压力滤池 pressure filter 消毒过程 disinfection process 自由余氯 free residual chlorine过滤介质，滤料 filter medium 消毒副产物 disinfection by-products 自由氯余量 free chlorine residual石英砂 silica sand 氯化 n. chlorination 化合余氯 combined residual chlorine无烟煤 n. anthracite v. chlorinate 化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals硅藻土 diatomaceous earth 氯化水 chlorinated water 折点氯化(法) breakpoint chlorination煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds 预氯化 n. prechlorination 折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve多层滤料 multilayered media 氯化消毒副产物 by-products ofchlorination 折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage混合滤料 mixed media 化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants 氯折点chlorine breakpoint双层滤料滤池 dual media filter 液氯 liquid chlorine , 压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder双层滤池 two-layer filter liquefied chlorine 臭氧发生器 ozone generator粗滤料 coarse media 氯胺 n. chloramines 需臭氧量 ozone demand细滤料 fine media 次氯酸盐 hypochlorites 剩余臭氧量 ozone residual 助滤剂 filter aid 次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite 剩余臭氧 residual ozone滤后水，滤出水 filtered water 二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent 臭氧 n. ozone 致病微生物，病源微生物滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent 臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation pathogenic microorganisms浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough 臭氧化 v. ozonate 病原体 n. pathogens过滤周期 filter cycle 紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses清洗周期 cleaning cycle 伽马射线 gamma radiation 细菌 n. bacteria 刮砂法 scraping method 灭活 n. inactivation 大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria表面刮砂 surface scraping v. inactivate 阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 反冲洗 backwashing 接触时间 contact time 孢子，芽孢 n. spores水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 需氯量 chlorine demand 病毒 n. viruses水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash 加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage , 藻类n. algae水力分级 hydraulic grading applied chlorine 原生动物 n. protozoa5离子交换柱 ion exchange column 沉淀软化 precipitation softening 5(氧化 n. oxidation 硬度 n. hardness 电解 n. electrolysis还原 n. reduction 除硬 hardness removal 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization氧化剂 n. oxidant 软化 n. softening 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent v. soften高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 化学软化 chemical softening 冷却 n. cooling高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 沉淀软化 precipitation softening 冷却水 cooling water高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 除盐，脱盐 n. desaltination 冷却塔 cooling tower高级氧化技术 (AOT) v. desalt 第六部分生物处理advanced oxidation technology 去矿化 n. demineralization 生物反应器n. bioreactorv. demineralize 微生物 n. microorganisms 6(吸附 n. adsorption 离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process n. microbes活性炭 (AC) activated carbon 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 微生物种群 microbial population粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon 复床 combined bed 混合群落mixed communities粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon 混合床 mixed bed 细菌 n. bacteria颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 原生动物 n. protozoa活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber 8(膜分离 membrane separation 真菌 n. fungi再生 n. regeneration 微滤 n. microfiltration 轮虫 n. rotifersv. regenerate 超滤 n. hyperfiltration 生长 n. growth吸附剂 n. adsorbent 纳滤 n. nanofiltration 繁殖 n. reproduction 吸附质 n. adsorbate 反渗透 reverse osmosis 世代时间 generation time 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column 渗透 n. osmosis 生长速率 growth rates吸附床 adsorption bed 半透膜 semipermeable membrane 环境因子environmental factors空床接触时间 empty bed contact time 电渗析 n. electrodialysis 生态因子 ecological factors吸附带 mass transfer zone 渗析 n. dialysis 微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test 1. 迟滞期 lag phase生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon 9(其它处理方法 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase中和 n. neutralization 3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase 7(离子交换n. ion exchange v. neutralize 稳定期 stationary phase离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin 酸性废水 acidic wastes 4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage离子交换器 ion exchanger 化学沉淀 chemical precipitation 内源生长期endogenous growth phase6内源呼吸 endogenous respiration v. stabilize 回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge生物代谢 biological metabolism 回流污泥 returned sludge底物，基质 n. substrate 微生物代谢 microbial metabolism 回流污泥recycled sludge底物(基质)利用 substrate utilization 好氧的 a. aerobic 剩余污泥excess sludge生物量 n. biomass 好氧菌 aerobic bacteria 废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge生物反应 biological reaction 好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 废污泥 waste sludge生物氧化 biological oxidation 好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 曝气池aeration tank生物降解 n. biodegradation 厌氧的 a. anaerobic 曝气池 aeration basin 生物降解性 n. biodegradability 厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 曝气池aeration chamber生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable 厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin 不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable 兼性的 a. facultative 活性污泥池activated sludge tank生物处理 biological treatment 兼性菌 facultative bacteria 曝气 n. aeration废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment 好氧环境 aerobic environment 混合 n. mixing废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment 厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 曝气系统 aeration system system 营养物 n. nutrients 曝气器 n. aerator污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment 无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 压缩空气 compressed air system 营养物去除 nutrient removal 空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor生物处理法 biological treatment process 营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 鼓风机，风机 n. blower生物处理装置 biological treatment unit 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover串联 in series 生物硝化 biological nitrification 扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser悬浮生长处理法 suspended-growth treatment processes 硝化菌nitrifying bacteria 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser 生物固体 biological solids 生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器) bubble air diffuser 活性污泥 activated sludge 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 微气泡扩散装置(扩散器) fine-bubble diffuser附着生长处理法 attached-growth treatment processes 扩散板 plate diffuser附着的微生物 attached microbes 1(活性污泥法 activated sludge process 扩散管 tube diffuser微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 扩散罩 dome diffuser生物膜 n. biofilm 细菌 n. bacteria 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubblediffused aeration生物絮体 biological floc 微气泡 fine-bubble代谢 n. metabolism 微生物絮体 microbial floc 大气泡 coarse-bubble v. metabolize 活性污泥 activated sludge 静态混合器 static mixer稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems7机械曝气 mechanical aeration 传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludge plant 序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 表面曝气 surface aeration 阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process 序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 表面曝气器 surface aerator 分段 v. step 初沉 primary clarification 需氧量 oxygen demand 进水负荷 influent load 曝气 n. aeration供气量 air supply 分段进水 step loading 二沉 secondary clarification 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 渐减 v. taper 初沉池 primary clarifier渐减曝气 tapered aeration 二沉池 secondary clarifier可沉降固体 settleable solids 接触稳定活性污泥法泵送系统 pumping system挥发性固体 volatile solids contact stabilization activated sludge process 活性污泥法 activated sludge process非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids 再曝气 n. reaeration 变体 n. variant 挥发性悬浮固体 (VSS) volatile suspended solids 曝气—沉淀—再曝气SBR运行周期 SBR cycle混合液 mixed liquor aeration-sedimentation-reaeration 处理周期process cycle混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended 完全好氧处理法进水阶段fill phase solids complete aerobic treatment process 进水阀 influent valve混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile 高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法反应阶段 react phase suspended solids high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process 沉淀阶段 settle phase污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity 延时曝气活性污泥法清水，上清液clear water污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludge volume index extended aeration activated sludge process 上清液 n. supernatant比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate 延时曝气法 extended aeration process 排水阶段 draw phase延时曝气 extended aeration 滗水阶段 decant phase污泥龄 sludge age 氧化沟 oxidation ditch 滗水装置 decant mechanism 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume 水平转刷 horizontal rotor 闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase 曝气时间 aeration period 转刷曝气 rotor aeration曝气时间 aeration time 笼型转刷 caged rotor 营养物去除 nutrient removal 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法) 营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal水力负荷 hydraulic loading adsorption-biodegradation process 碳源carbon sourceBOD负荷 BOD loading 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batchreactor 硝化 n. nitrification(SBR) process、 v. nitrify普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process (SBR) process反硝化 n. denitrification标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process SBR法 SBR process v. denitrify8脱氮 n. denitrification methane-forming bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮生物转盘法 biodisc process 有机酸 organic acids biological denitrification 生物转盘 rotating biological contactor 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法) 生物转盘 n. biodiscanoxic-oxic process 塑料盘片 plastic discs 硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction2 厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A/O法) 轻质盘片 lightweight discs 硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteriaanaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process 水平轴 horizontal shaftA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺生物粘液 biological slime 上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process 粘液层 slime layer upflow anaerobic sludge blanket脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 上升流速 upflow velocity 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 生物流化床 biological fluidized bedanaerobic ammonium oxidation biological fluidised bed 厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor anaerobic baffled reactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)膜生物反应器 (MBR) moving-bed biofilm reactor 两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicmembrane biological reactor biotreatment2(生物膜法 3(厌氧生物处理两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase生物膜 n. biofilm 发酵 n. fermentation 产甲烷相 methanogenic phase 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor v. fermentate生物滤池 n. biofilter 产酸细菌 n. acidogens 消化 n. digestion生物过滤 n. biofiltration 产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens v. digest旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler 产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 消化池 n. digestor填料 n. packings 产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or 水解 n. hydrolysis 污泥消化sludge digestion honeycomb-shaped packings v. hydrolysis 厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor滴滤池 trickling filter 产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation 厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process普通生物滤池 trickling filter 产氢产乙酸 H-producing acetogenesis 厌氧膨胀床反应器 2高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter 产甲烷 methanogenesis anaerobic expanded-bed reactor塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter 产酸菌 acid formers 厌氧流化床反应器曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter 产甲烷菌 methane formers , anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor9厌氧生物转盘厌氧塘 anaerobic pond 过滤作用 filtering actionanaerobic rotating biological contactor 曝气塘 aerated pond 吸附作用adsorption action修饰塘 polishing pond 地表漫流土地处理系统 4(自然生物处理系统熟化塘maturation lagoon overland flow land treatment system深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond 地表漫流 overland flow自然净化系统 natural purification system 三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch稳定塘 stabilization ponds 物理、化学和生物过程stabilization lagoons 土地处理工艺(过程) land treatment processes physical , chemical , and biological processes氧化塘 oxidation ponds 关键因素 critical factors 湿地 n. wetland 土地处理系统 land treatment systems 土壤类型 soil type 天然湿地natural wetland废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 气候 n. climate 人工湿地constructed wetland净化过程 purification process 土地处理系统 land treatment systems man-made wetland自然净化 natural purification 慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system 第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用污水塘 sewage lagoon 低负荷土地处理系统污泥 n. sludge稳定塘 stabilization ponds low-rate land treatment system 生活污水污泥 sewage sludgestabilization lagoons 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level 污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume氧化塘 oxidation ponds 灌溉 n. irrigation 原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge 好氧塘 aerobic pond v. irrigate 新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge兼性塘 facultative pond 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge好氧生化反应 aerobic biochemical reaction natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 混合污泥 mixed sludge厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction 投配的废水 applied wastewater 污泥处理 sludge treatment厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition 垄—沟表面布水污泥处置 sludge disposal厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 最终处置 ultimate disposal好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems 填埋 n. landfill细菌 n. bacteria 快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land藻类 n. algae treatment system 污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 微型植物 microscopic plants 渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization出流，出水 effluent flow treatment光合作用 n. photosynthesis 快速渗滤 rapid infiltration (污泥)浓缩 n. thickening快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 污泥浓缩 sludge thickening10稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 溢流 v. overflowv. stabilize 堰 n. weir 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge 气浮浓缩 floatation thickening 厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion调理(调节) n. conditioning 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation 有盖的圆形池 covered circular tankv. condition 气浮池 floatation tank 消化过程 digestion process脱水 n. dewatering 入流污泥 influent sludge 厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion processv. dewater 污泥絮体 sludge flocs 生化反应 biochemical reactions 干化 n. drying 撇去 v. skim 有机酸 organic acids污泥干化场 sludge drying bed 漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids污泥干燥 heat drying 甲烷气 methane gas干燥器 n. dryer 污泥消化 sludge digestion 末端产物 end product污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration 消化池 n. digester 指示剂 n. indicator焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator 消化池装置 digester unit 污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas消化 n. digestion 污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥浓缩 sludge thickening v. digest 污泥储存 sludge storage物理过程 physical process 有机固体 organic solids 消化污泥 digested sludge含水过多的污泥 watery sludge 生化分解 biochemical decomposition 充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge稀污泥 thin sludge 好氧消化 aerobic digestion 消化池上清液 digester supernatant处理装置 treatment unit 好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion 中温消化 mesophilic digestion浓缩池 n. thickener 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process 高温消化thermophilic degestion重力浓缩 gravity thickening 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank重力浓缩池 gravity thickener 预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统污泥脱水sludge dewatering圆形污水沉淀池 prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment 混合堆肥 co-compostingcircular sewage sedimentation tank systems刮泥机 sludge scraper 预制的接触稳定或污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs搅拌作用 stirring action prefabricated contact stabilization or底流 n. underflow 延时曝气处理系统第八部分:废水回用浓缩的底流 thickened underflow extended aeration treatment systems地表水资源 surface water resource浓缩污泥 thickened sludge BOD负荷 BOD loading 地下水资源 groundwater resource出水 n. effluent 细胞物质 cellular mass 水短缺 water scarcity上清液 n. supernatant 内源衰亡 endogenous decay 回用 n. , v. reuse11废水回用 wastewater reuse 工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters 直接回用 direct reuse 工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeup water 直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 冷却塔水 cooling tower water 间接回用indirect reuse 选择性处理 optional treatment 间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse 水费 water costs出水处理 effluent treatment 回用的城市污水回用水 reclaimed water reclaimed municipal wastewater 排放 n. , v. discharge 工业过程 industrial processes 保留 n. retention 冷却水 cooling water循环 n. recycling 锅炉给水 boiler feedwaterv. recycle 灌溉回用 irrigation reuse 部分处理 n. partial treatment废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater 最终用途 end use 低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system 城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse 间接灌溉回用 indirect reuse for irrigation 灌溉 n. irrigation 废水排放 wastewater discharge 景观灌溉 landscape irrigation 雨水回用 storm water reuse 地下水回灌 groundwater recharge 可回用水reusable waterPart ?: 第九部分:市政回用 municipal reuse 投资成本，投资费(用) capital costs 直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse 建设成本，建设费(用) construction costs 深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 运行成本，运行费(用) operating costs 分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 能耗成本 energy costs 间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse 运行维护 operation and maintenance 供水系统，给水系统 water supply system 运行控制 operational control 取水口 n. intake 控制系统 control system 天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity 仪表/控制系统人工回灌 artificial recharge instrumentation/control system 深井注射deep-well injection 自动控制系统，自控系统浅表布水 shallow surface spreading automatic control system 渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse 12。

Aabdicate退位放弃abrasi on 磨损absorb吸收吸引adsorb吸附abutti ng邻接的acclimation 驯化适应环境accommodate 容纳调禾口供应；适应acetic醋的乙酸的acidic酸的酸性的acreage英亩数面积act法令发案acute急性的剧烈的activate使激活使活动activated—sludge processes 活性污泥法adaptability 适应性address专注于致力于aeration曝气通风aerator曝气器aerobic好养的依靠氧气的aestheically感关上的美学观点上的affordability （经济上）可承受性agglomerate使成团使凝聚/大团大块/ 凝聚的agitate 搅动agitation搅动搅拌兴奋algae藻类海藻algal海藻的藻类的alkaline碱性的碱的alkalinity 碱度allot （按份额）分配分派alum明矶aluminum 铝ambie nt周围的倜围环境ambient water quality sdandard 水环境质量标准amend修正改正amendment修正案改正改善ammon ia 氨水ammon ium 铵an aerobic厌氧性的an aerobiosis厌氧生活an aerobic digester 厌氧消化池anion阴离子an io nic polyelectrolyte 阴离子聚合电解质antagonist敌手对手an thracite 无烟煤apparatus器械设备仪器apporti on 分配appropriation据为己有、占有n appropriator专有者、占用者appropriative专用的、可拨用的aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的aqueduct沟渠、导水管aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层arid干旱的、贫瘠的arse nic 砒霜artesian well喷水井自流井assess估计、评价atta in able可到达的可得到的attorney律师（业务或法律意义上的）代理人authorizati on 授权、认可Bbackup回溯备份backwash反洗反冲洗bacterial细菌的bacteriological细菌学上的、细菌学的bacterium 细菌baffle挡板导流板/阻碍barge驳船用船运输barium 钡basement地下室墙脚be en titled to有…的资格benzene 苯bicarb on ate重碳酸盐biochemical生物化学的bio-c ontact oxidati on process 生物接触氧化法biodegradable可生物降解的biological tower 生物塔滤biomass生物量blockage 圭寸锁妨碍堵塞blowoff valve排污阀排空阀bond粘接结合粘接剂brackish estuary 咸水河口branch system 枝状管网breakpo int chlora nati on 折点加氯breakthrough突破穿透brook trout 鮭鱼（大马哈鱼为其一种）burial埋葬淹没buried cast-iron pipeline 埋地铸铁管道buried premade con crete round pipeli ne 埋地预制砼圆形管道buried prestressedconcrete pipeline 埋地管芯缠丝预应力砼管buried rectan gular pipeli ne 埋地矩形管道buried steel sketel on polyethyle ne fule gas pipeline埋地钢骨架聚乙烯燃气管道buried unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipeline埋地聚氯乙稀管道Ccalico印花布白棉布carbohydrate碳水化合物糖类carb on ate 碳酸盐炭化carb on tetrachloride 四氯化碳carp鲤鱼carry —over n.遗留遗留物casebook个案记录簿catio n阳离子centrifugate以离心力分出之物ceramic陶器的陶瓷制品chlora mine 氯铵chloride氯化物chlorination 加氯消毒氯化chlorinator氯化机加氯机chlorine 氯气chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯chlorite亚氯酸盐cholera 霍舌L chromium 铬Cincinnati辛辛提那（美国俄亥俄州西南部城市）circumferentail 圆周地clam 蛤clarifier —flocculator 反应一澄清池clarification 澄清净化clarifier澄清池澄清器clay粘土泥土climax高潮顶点clog障碍堵塞coagula nt 混凝剂coagulate凝结凝结的coagulation混凝凝结凝结物coarse aggregate 粗糙骨料codify编成法典coliform大肠菌像大肠菌的collision冲突碰撞colloid胶体胶体的colloidal胶体的colloidal clay 胶质粘土combined chlorine residual 结合性余氯、化合性余氯combusti on 燃烧comme ntary 解说词comminution 粉碎comminutor 粉碎机compensate偿还补偿complex复杂的compusory必须的义务的condition 调质调理调节con ducive 有益于con erst one 基石基础configuration 构造结构配置consolidation 压实固结巩固conspicuously显著地超群地constraint强迫抑制约束con tact stabilizati on process 接触稳定工艺contaminate vt污染，弄脏n受到污染的、污染物致污物con tiguous邻近的、毗邻的continuity 连续性连贯性con tour轮廓等高线con troversial争论的争议的con vective 传送的、对流的conveyanee 运输输水运输工具copper pipeli ne 铜管corrugated使起波纹状的缩成皱纹状的criteri on (pl.criteria)标准、规范critical leveI临界水平临界浓度cross—flow横向流动crystallization 结晶化culinary厨房的烹调用的厨房用的culture培养培育cya nide氰化物Ddecay coefficie nt 衰减系数decomposition 分解腐烂definition定义、解说degasifier脱气器消除毒气剂degrade使降解使退化deioniz去除离子depict描述、描写depleti on 损耗deposit沉淀物堆积物存放堆积沉淀derivative引出的派生的事物desali nate 去处盐分、海水淡化desilt挖除淤泥沉砂dessicant干燥的干燥齐V desultory散漫的、簿连贯的dewater使脱水dewaterability 脱水能力dewpoint结露点diagram图表、图解diagrammatically 用图解法地diaphragm隔膜横隔膜膜片dichloramine 二氯铵dichloroetha ne 二氯乙烷dichloroethyle ne 二氯乙烯dichotomy两分、二分法、分裂digest消化分类摘要digester消化器消化池digestion消化领悟digestive tract 消化道dioxide二氧化物discard丢弃、放弃discharge流出排出流量放电discharger卸料器排污对象dis in fecati on byproducts 消毒畐U产品disinfection 消毒disperse使分散使散开疏散disposal处置处理dissolved oxyge n sag curves 氧垂曲线dissociate电离分离distill 蒸馏distribution system配水系统分配系统divers ion 转移、转换、绕道doctri ne教条、学说do justice to公平对待正确处理donwflow 向下流drain排水沟排水流干drain age排水排水区域排水装置droplet 小滴dropping滴下物兽粪ducal palace of Ven ice威尼斯公爵的宫殿dump倾倒垃圾倾泻durable持久的耐用的dwelling住宅、住处dynamic动力的动力学的动态的Eecological生态学的ecosystem生态系统effluent流出的流出物出水污水electrostatic静电的静电学的elicit得出、引出、抽出elucidate阐明、说明emerge ncy突发情况emerge ncy backup 事故储备eminent显赫的杰出的en doge nous内生的内生长的en doge nous growth phase 内源生长期endorse 签注（文件）认可签署enmeshment网捕包络卷扫en sue跟着发生，继起enteric 肠的en vir onmen tal环境的、周围的equilibria （n.pl.）均衡平衡equivale nt相等的等量的erode侵蚀腐蚀受腐蚀（vt&vi ）erosion腐蚀侵蚀Escherichia coli埃希式大肠菌esthetics 美学estuarine河口的江口的estuary 河口江口et al.等人及其他人（拉丁语）eutrophic富营养的eutrophication富营养化超营养作用evaporate使蒸发、消失evolve （使）发展放出释放excreme nt 排泄物大便excrete排泄分泌exhaust排气废气用尽耗尽extraneous无关系夕卜来的extra-thin-wall stainless steel and plastic composite pipeline超薄壁不锈钢复合管道Ffarmstead农场及其建筑物fatigue failure 疲劳破坏feeder进料器投加设备feeder main输水干管进水总管feedli ne进料管线feedstock给料加工原料feedwater供水补给水ferme ntatio n 发酵filter滤池过滤filter —fly larvae 滤池蝇幼虫fire flow消防流量fixed film 固定膜flexibal jiont cast iron pipe system 柔性接口铸铁管flexibility弹性适应性floc絮凝体矶花flocculate絮凝凝聚flocculator絮凝池反应池flotation 浮选flowrate 流量fluidization 使液化流化fluoride氟化物fluidize使液化使流态化fluosilicic acid 氟硅酸flush冲洗淹没follow suit跟着做跟着出牌forfeiture丧失、没收物、罚款fragile易碎的脆弱的free chlori ne residual 游离性余氯freeflowing 重力流fresh water淡水、湖水freshwater淡水的、河水的fungi真菌类似真菌的Ggal. （1US gallon = 3.785L）game fish 供垂钓的鱼garnet石榴石深红色gauge 量器、表、标准尺寸geographical地理学的地理的geography地理地理学geometry constraint 几何约束Glasgow格拉斯哥（苏格兰中南部）gradie nt梯度/倾斜的graduation分级刻度毕业grant同意准予承认gran ular颗粒状的granu lar activate carb on 颗粒状活性炭gravel沙砾沙砾层grease油脂贿赂grid隔栅网格grit粗砂；研磨grooved coupling of pipeline 沟槽式连接管道guara ntee 保证、担保、保证书）Hhabitat （动植物）的生活环境。

给排水专业英语汇总废水处理 wastewater disposal 合流制 combined sewers UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 受纳水体 receiving waters 分流制separate sewers排水工程 sewetage engineering 污染 pollution pollute 建筑排水系统building drainage system市政工程 civil engineering 污染物 pollntant 卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures市政工程师 civil engineer 玷污、污染 contamination 卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures环境工程 environmental engineering 致污物 contaminant 输水系统 water transmission system水文学 hydrology 未污染 uncontaminated 漏水率 leakage rate水力学 hydranlies 水污染 water pollution 配水系统 water distribution system水环境 natural aquatic environment 水污染控制 water pollutioncontrol 环状管网 grid system流域 watershed 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 支状管网branching system水体 waterbody 污水回用 wastewater reuse 下水管道 sanitary sewer 地表水 surface water 污水节流管 intercepting sewer UNIT 2新鲜水 freshwater 水短缺 water scarcity 污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system地下水 groundwater 地表水资源 surface water resource 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell含水层 aquifer 管网 Pipe Network 支管 collection sewer collector sewer天然含水层 natural aquifer 供水系统 water supply system 生活污水sanitary sewage地下含水层 underground aquifer 市政配水系统 municipal distribution system domestic sewage水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 建筑给水系统house water supply system domestic wastewater渗滤 infiltration 分区供水系统 dual distribution system 工业污水industrial wastewater降水 precipitation 小区 micro district 工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes渗入 precolation 小社区 small community 农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes蒸发 evaporation 冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 雨水rainwater stormwater蒸腾 transpiration 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 水位waterlevel城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 消防系统 fire protection system 海拔、标高 elevation水源 water source 坡度 grade 喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system水资源 water resource 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 倾斜度slope取水 water withdrawal 半自动水幕系统明渠 Open channel水处理 water treatment 开挖 excavation semi automatic drencher system配水 water distribution 消火栓 hydrant 深度 excavation depth用水 water use 排水系统 drainage system 水力分析 hydraulic analysis 污水 wastewater 生活排水系统 sanitary system 水头 pressure head废水 abwasser 工业排水系统 industrial system 总水头 total head废水收集 wastewater collection 雨水排水系统 stormwater system Unit 3 水头损失 Head loss 水源 Water sources 审美 Esthetic速度头动压头 Velocity head 味 Taste供水水源 Water supples静压 Static head 原水 Raw water 嗅 Odo摩擦水头 Friction head 未处理水 Untreated water 色 Colour水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 出水 Finished water 变色Discolouration 重力流 Gravity flow 原水水质 Raw-water quality 变色Discolor水塔 Water castle 水质标准 Water quality standards 水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 贮水箱 Cistern 水质要求 Water quality requirements 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water 泵站 Pump station 饮用水 Drink water\potable water 浊度值 Turbidity values 给水泵站 Water pump station 自来水 Tap water 浊度单位 Turdidity unit 污水泵站Sewage station 纯水 Pure water 浑浊单位 Turdid提升泵站 Lift pumping plant 嗅阈值 Threshold odor number 饮用水标准Drinking water standards增压泵 Booster pump 化学性质 Chemical quality 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards离心泵 Centrifugal pump 最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levels 水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO) maxmum allowable levels潜水艇 Submerine 最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels 溶解氧浓度Do level深井泵 Well pump 主要污染物 Primary contaminants 溶解氧平衡 Do balance虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 有机化合物 Organic chemicals 氧损 Oxygen depletion 人孔 Manhole 合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals 有机污染物 Organic pollutant 法兰 Flange 挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals 生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 阀门 Valve 无机化合物 Inorganic chemical 总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) 闸阀 Gate valve 微生物Micro organisms\microbes 总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 微生物污染 Microbial contaminants 悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS) 泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate 病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms 总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)病原体 Pathogenic 溶解 D流速 Fluid velocity issolved (DS)层流 Laminar flow 病毒 Pathogenic bacterin 总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) 滞流粘性流 viscous flow 细菌 Bacteria Unit 4大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria 过渡流 Transitional flow 溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese 湍流 Turbulent flow 病毒 Viruses 硬度Hardness藻类 Algae 紊流 Turbulence flow 碱度 Alkalinity涡流 Eddying flow 浊度 Turbidity 盐度 Salinity雷诺数 Teynolds number 放射性 Radionuclide 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials感官性状 Esthetic qualities 水质 Water guality 氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity 处理水 Treated wastes 砂 Grit慢性毒性 Chronic toxity 回用水 Redaimed water 沙 Sand基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 水处理过程 Water processing 除砂 Grit removal 基因 Gene 收集 Collect 沉砂池 Grit chamber 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 处置 Dispose 沉淀 Settling永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 处理方法 Treatment method 沉淀池 Settling tank 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals 处理费用Treatment costs 澄清池 Clarifier 三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 处理单元Treatment process 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 卤素 Halogen 运行模式Operational mode 初沉池 Primary settling tank 甲基 Methyl 间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach 一级出水 Primary effluent 氯仿 Trichloromethane 均匀均化 Equalization 二级处理 Secondary treatment 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 均匀 Equalize 二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process 杀虫剂农药Pesticide 调蓄水池 Equalization storage 生物处理 Biological treatment 害虫 Pest 调节池 Equalization tank 二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 杀虫剂Insecticide 蓄水池二沉池 Secondary settling tank Storage tank除草剂 Herbicide 降解 Degrade 最终澄清池 Final clarifier 杀菌剂Germicide 分解 Decompose 最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 细菌 Germ 分离Separate 二级出水 Secondary effluent 防腐剂 Preservative 隔离 Separation 三级处理 Tertiary treatment 保证 Preserve 物理法 Physical process 深度处理 Advanced treatment 清洗剂 Cleaning agent 物理处理 Physical treatment 废水消毒 Waste disinfection 洗涤剂 Detergent 物理处理过程 Physical treatment process 出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels 发泡剂 Foaming agent 一级处理 Primary treatment泡沫 Foam 初步处理 Preliminary treatment 优异出水 High-quality polished effluent格栅筛滤 Screening 废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant 化肥Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile 格栅 Screen 污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant 富营养化 Eutrophication 格栅 Bar screen 二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant 城市污水处理营养的 Trophic 栅条 Bars营养水平 Trophic level 钢栅条 Steel bars Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering 生态位 Niche 渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder 土木工程 Civil engineering Unit 5原污水 Raw sewage 破碎 Grind 城市污水处理厂原废水 Raw wastes 除砂 Degritting Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 混合池 mixer tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 电容 Capacitance 快速混合池 flash-mix tank 排泥 sludge drawoff 污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 絮凝器 n.flocculator sludge withdrawal 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility 絮凝池flocculation tank 预沉淀 n. presedimentation 处理池 Treatment tank 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin负荷 Load 固体接触池 solids-contact tank负荷 Loadings 澄清 n. clarification 3(过滤 n. filtration 水力负荷Hydrautic loading 滤池 n. filter v. clarify污染负荷 Pollutant load 澄清池 n. clarifier 慢滤池 slow filter 有机负荷 Organic load 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 快滤池 rapid filter 无机负荷 Inorganic load 澄清水 clarifying water 高速(负荷)滤池 high rate filter 不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 砂滤池 sand filter 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 2(沉淀 n. sedimentation 慢砂滤池 slow sand filter 第五部分: 物化处理沉降 n. sedimentation 快砂滤池 rapid sand filter 1(混凝 n. coagulation 自由沉降 plain settling 重力滤池 gravity filter混凝过程 coagulation process 拥挤沉降 hindered settling 压力滤池pressure filter化学混凝 chemical coagulation 重力沉降 gravity settling 过滤介质，滤料 filter medium凝聚 n. aggregation 沉淀池 settling tank silica sand 石英砂絮凝 n. flocculation 沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank 无烟煤 n. anthracite矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 硅藻土 diatomaceous earth v. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation 圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank 煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 管式沉淀池 tube settler 多层滤料multilayered media混凝剂 n. coagulant 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 混合滤料 mixed media混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage 板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler 双层滤料滤池 dual media filter烧杯实验 jar test 双层滤池 two-layer filter 板式沉淀池 plate separator最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 气浮 n. floatation 粗滤料coarse media助凝剂 coagulant aid 泡沫分离 foam separation 细滤料 fine media 助凝剂 flocculation aid 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation 助滤剂filter aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes 气浮池 floatation tank 滤后水，滤出水filtered water快速混合 flash-mix , 表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent撇去 v. skim 滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer , 浮渣 n. scum 浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough浮渣槽 scum trough 过滤周期 filter cycle rapid mixer清洗周期 cleaning cycle 病毒 n. viruses v. inactivate刮砂法 scraping method 藻类 n. algae 接触时间 contact time表面刮砂 surface scraping 需氯量 chlorine demand 原生动物 n.protozoa反冲洗 backwashing 加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 5(氧化 n. oxidation appliedchlorine水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash 自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine , 还原 n. reduction水力分级 hydraulic grading 氧化剂 n. oxidant free available chlorine 化合氯 combined chlorine 强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent4(消毒 n. disinfection 剩余保护 residual protection 高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process余氯 residual chlorine 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process v. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectant 余氯量 chlorine residual 高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process自由余氯 free residual chlorine 高级氧化技术 (AOT) disinfectionagent杀菌剂 n. germicide 自由氯余量 free chlorine residual advanced oxidation technology消毒过程 disinfection process 化合余氯 combined residual chlorine消毒副产物 disinfection by-products 化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals 6(吸附 n. adsorption氯化 n. chlorination 折点氯化(法) breakpoint chlorination 活性炭 (AC) activated carbon折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve 粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon v. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water 折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage 粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon预氯化 n. prechlorination 氯折点 chlorine breakpoint 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon氯化消毒副产物 by压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber -products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants 臭氧发生器 ozone generator 再生 n. regeneration液氯 liquid chlorine , 需臭氧量 ozone demand v. regenerate剩余臭氧量 ozone residual 吸附剂 n. adsorbent liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines 剩余臭氧 residual ozone 吸附质 n. adsorbate次氯酸盐 hypochlorites 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite 致病微生物，病源微生物吸附床adsorption bed二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide 空床接触时间 empty bed contact time pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens 吸附带 mass transfer zone 臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation 致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses 快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test细菌 n. bacteria 臭氧化 v. ozonate 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria 伽马射线 gamma radiation 阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 7(离子交换 n. ion exchange孢子，芽孢 n. spores 灭活 n. inactivation 离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger 电解 n. electrolysis 底物(基质)利用substrate utilization离子交换柱 ion exchange column 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization 生物量 n. biomass硬度 n. hardness 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping 生物反应 biological reaction除硬 hardness removal 生物氧化 biological oxidation软化 n. softening 冷却 n. cooling 生物降解 n. biodegradation冷却水 cooling water 生物降解性 n. biodegradability v. soften化学软化 chemical softening 冷却塔 cooling tower 生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable沉淀软化 precipitation softening 第六部分生物处理不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable除盐，脱盐 n. desaltination 生物反应器 n. bioreactor 生物处理biological treatment微生物 n. microorganisms 废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment v. desalt去矿化 n. demineralization 废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment n. microbes微生物种群 microbial population v. demineralize system离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 混合群落 mixed communities 污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 细菌 n. bacteria system复床 combined bed 原生动物 n. protozoa 生物处理法 biological treatment process混合床 mixed bed 真菌 n. fungi 生物处理装置 biological treatment unit轮虫 n. rotifers 串联 in series8(膜分离 membrane separation 生长 n. growth 悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes微滤 n. microfiltration 繁殖 n. reproduction 生物固体 biological solids超滤 n. hyperfiltration 世代时间 generation time 活性污泥 activated sludge纳滤 n. nanofiltration 生长速率 growth rates 附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes反渗透 reverse osmosis 环境因子 environmental factors 附着的微生物attached microbes渗透 n. osmosis 生态因子 ecological factors 微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth半透膜 semipermeable membrane 微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics 生物膜 n. biofilm电渗析 n. electrodialysis 1. 迟滞期 lag phase渗析 n. dialysis 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase 代谢 n. metabolism3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase v. metabolize9(其它处理方法稳定期 stationary phase 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 中和 n. neutralization 4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage v. stabilize 内源生长期 endogenous growth phase 生物代谢 biological metabolism v. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes 内源呼吸 endogenous respiration 微生物代谢microbial metabolism化学沉淀 chemical precipitation 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria沉淀软化 precipitation softening 底物，基质 n. substrate好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 曝气池 aeration basin 非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 曝气池 aeration chamber 挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids厌氧的 a. anaerobic 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin混合液 mixed liquor厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank 混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 曝气 n. aeration solids兼性的 a. facultative 混合 n. mixing 混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile兼性菌 facultative bacteria 曝气系统 aeration system suspended solids好氧环境 aerobic environment 曝气器 n. aerator 污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 压缩空气 compressed air 污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index营养物 n. nutrients 空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor 比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 鼓风机，风机 n. blower营养物去除 nutrient removal 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover 污泥龄sludge age营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration period生物硝化 biological nitrification 鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器) bubble air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration time硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 微气泡扩散装置(扩散器) fine-bubble diffuser 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 扩散板 plate diffuser 水力负荷 hydraulic loading生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 扩散管 tube diffuser BOD负荷BOD loading扩散罩 dome diffuser1(活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration 普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 微气泡 fine-bubble 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process细菌 n. bacteria 大气泡 coarse-bubble 标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process生物絮体 biological floc 传统活性污泥厂 conventional activatedsludge plant 静态混合器 static mixer微生物絮体 microbial floc 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process活性污泥 activated sludge 机械曝气 mechanical aeration 分段 v. step 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 表面曝气 surface aeration进水负荷 influent load回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 表面曝气器 surface aerator 分段进水 step loading回流污泥 returned sludge 需氧量 oxygen demand 渐减 v. taper回流污泥 recycled sludge 供气量 air supply 渐减曝气 tapered aeration 剩余污泥 excess sludge 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 接触稳定活性污泥法废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge contact stabilization activated sludge process废污泥 waste sludge 可沉降固体 settleable solids 再曝气 n. reaeration曝气曝气池 aeration tank 挥发性固体 volatile solids —沉淀—再曝气进水阀 influent valve aeration-sedimentation-reaeration membrane biological reactor完全好氧处理法反应阶段 react phase 2(生物膜法沉淀阶段 settle phase complete aerobic treatment process高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法清水，上清液 clear water 生物膜 n. biofilm上清液 n. supernatant 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法排水阶段 draw phase 生物滤池 n. biofilter滗水阶段 decant phase 生物过滤 n. biofiltration extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process 滗水装置 decant mechanism 旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler延时曝气 extended aeration 闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase 填料 n. packings氧化沟 oxidation ditch 塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or 水平转刷 horizontal rotor 营养物去除 nutrient removal honeycomb-shaped packings转刷曝气 rotor aeration 营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal滴滤池 trickling filter笼型转刷 caged rotor 碳源 carbon source 普通生物滤池 tricklingfilter吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法) 硝化 n. nitrification 高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter adsorption-biodegradation process v. nitrify序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batch reactor 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter (SBR) process、反硝化 n. denitrification序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor 生物转盘法 biodisc process v. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification 生物转盘 rotating biological contactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process 生物反硝化，生物脱氮生物转盘 n. biodisc序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 塑料盘片 plastic discs biological denitrification序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O 法) 轻质盘片 lightweight discs初沉 primary clarification 水平轴 horizontal shaft anoxic-oxic process 2 曝气 n. aeration 厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A/O法) 生物粘液biological slime二沉 secondary clarification 粘液层 slime layer anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process初沉池 primary clarifier A-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺二沉池 secondary clarifier 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process泵送系统 pumping system 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal biological fluidised bed活性污泥法 activated sludge process 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR) 变体 n. variant anaerobic ammonium oxidationSBR运行周期 SBR cycle 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal moving-bed biofilm reactor处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase 膜生物反应器 (MBR) 3(厌氧生物处理厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction发酵 n. fermentation 消化 n. digestion 厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically v. fermentate v. digest产酸细菌 n. acidogens 消化池 n. digestor 好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 细菌 n. bacteria产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 污泥消化 sludge digestion 藻类 n. algae产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase 厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor 微型植物microscopic plants水解 n. hydrolysis 厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process 出流，出水effluent flow厌氧膨胀床反应器光合作用 n. photosynthesis v. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 产氢产乙酸 H-producing acetogenesis 厌氧流化床反应器厌氧塘anaerobic pond 2产甲烷 methanogenesis 曝气塘 aerated pond anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor产酸菌 acid formers 厌氧生物转盘修饰塘 polishing pond产甲烷菌 methane formers , 熟化塘 maturation lagoon anaerobic rotating biological contactor深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids 4(自然生物处理系统三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids自然净化系统 natural purification system 土地处理工艺(过程) land treatment processes硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction 稳定塘 stabilization ponds 关键因素critical factors硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria 土壤类型 soil type stabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds 气候 n. climate上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) 土地处理系统 land treatment systems 土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 慢速土地处理系统 upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity 净化过程 purification process slow rate land treatment system自然净化 natural purification 低负荷土地处理系统厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR) low-rate land treatment system污水塘 sewage lagoon 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level anaerobic baffled reactor稳定塘 stabilization ponds 灌溉 n. irrigation两段或两级厌氧生物处理 two-stage anaerobic stabilization lagoons v. irrigate氧化塘 oxidation ponds 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质 biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment 好氧塘 aerobic pond natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 产酸相 acidogenic phase 兼性塘 facultative pond 投配的废水 applied wastewater好氧生化反应垄—沟表面布水产甲烷相 methanogenic phase aerobic biochemical reaction浓缩的底流 thickened underflow ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 浓缩污泥 thickened sludge 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization 出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land (污泥)浓缩 n. thickening 溢流 v. overflow污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 堰 n. weir treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 气浮浓缩floatation thickening快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation v. stabilize过滤作用 filtering action 稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge 气浮池floatation tank吸附作用 adsorption action 调理(调节) n. conditioning 入流污泥influent sludge地表漫流土地处理系统污泥絮体 sludge flocs v. condition脱水 n. dewatering 撇去 v. skim overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流 overland flow 漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer v. dewater 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch 干化 n. drying物理、化学和生物过程污泥干化场 sludge drying bed 污泥消化 sludge digestion污泥干燥 heat drying 消化池 n. digester physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland 干燥器 n. dryer 消化池装置 digester unit天然湿地 natural wetland 污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration 消化 n. digestion人工湿地 constructed wetland 焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator v. digest 有机固体 organic solids man-made wetland污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 生化分解 biochemical decomposition第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用物理过程 physical process 好氧消化aerobic digestion污泥 n. sludge 含水过多的污泥 watery sludge 好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion生活污水污泥 sewage sludge 稀污泥 thin sludge 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume 处理装置 treatment unit 活性污泥池activated sludge tank原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge 浓缩池 n. thickener 预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge 重力浓缩 gravity thickening prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge 重力浓缩池 gravity thickener systems混合污泥 mixed sludge 圆形污水沉淀池预制的接触稳定或污泥处理 sludge treatment circular sewage sedimentation tank prefabricated contact stabilization or污泥处置 sludge disposal 刮泥机 sludge scraper 延时曝气处理系统最终处置 ultimate disposal 搅拌作用 stirring action extended aeration treatment systems填埋 n. landfill 底流 n. underflow BOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass 废水回用 wastewater reuse 冷却塔水 cooling tower water内源衰亡 endogenous decay 直接回用 direct reuse 选择性处理 optional treatment直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 水费 water costs厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 间接回用 indirect reuse 回用的城市污水厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion 间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse reclaimed municipal wastewater 有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank 出水处理 effluent treatment 工业过程 industrial processes 消化过程 digestion process 回用水 reclaimed water 冷却水 cooling water 厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process 排放 n. , v. discharge 锅炉给水boiler feedwater 生化反应 biochemical reactions 保留 n. retention 灌溉回用 irrigation reuse 有机酸 organic acids 循环 n. recycling 废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids 低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system v. recycle 甲烷气 methane gas 部分处理 n. partial treatment 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation 末端产物 end product 最终用途 end use 废水排放 wastewater discharge 指示剂 n. indicator 城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse 雨水回用 storm water reuse 污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas 灌溉 n. irrigation 可回用水 reusable water 污泥沉淀 sludge settling 景观灌溉 landscape irrigation Part ?: 第九部分:污泥储存 sludge storage 地下水回灌 groundwater recharge 投资成本，投资费(用) capital costs 消化污泥 digested sludge 建设成本，建设费(用) construction costs充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge 市政回用 municipal reuse 运行成本，运行费(用) operating costs 消化池上清液 digester supernatant 直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse 能耗成本 energy costs 中温消化 mesophilic digestion 深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 运行维护 operation and maintenance 高温消化 thermophilic degestion 分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 运行控制 operational control间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse 控制系统 control system污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 供水系统，给水系统 water supply system 仪表/控制系统混合堆肥 co-composting 取水口 n. intake instrumentation/control system天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity 自动控制系统，自控系统污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs 人工回灌 artificial recharge automatic control system深井注射 deep-well injection第八部分:废水回用浅表布水 shallow surface spreading地表水资源 surface water resource 渗透 n. percolation地下水资源 groundwater resource 工业回用 industrial reuse水短缺 water scarcity 工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters回用 n. , v. reuse 工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeup water。

U N I T1给水工程 water supply engineering 排水工程 sewage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering 水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment 流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water淡水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer 地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 sewage废水 wastewater废水收集 wastewater collection废水处理 wastewater disposal受纳水体 receiving waters污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollutant玷污、污染 contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 water pollution control水污染防治 water pollution prevention污水回用 wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supply system市政配水系统 municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统 dual distribution system 小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 消防系统 fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system 消火栓 hydrant 排水系统 drainage system生活排水系统 sanitary system工业排水系统 industrial system雨水排水系统 stormwater system合流制 combined sewers分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 building drainage system卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 water distribution system环状管网 grid (looped)system支状管网 branching(branched) system下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 intercepting(中间截取)sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewersystem污水节流井 sewage intercepting well支管 collection (目的：收集)sewercollector sewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水 industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 ex cava tion深度 excavation depth水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle 贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump潜水泵 Submer sible pump潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow过渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-water quality水质标准 Water quality standards水质要求 Water quality requirements饮用水 Drink water\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物 Primary contaminants有机化合物 Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals 挥发性有机化合物Volatile organicohemicals无机化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physical parameters of waterquality水的物理性质 Physical quality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odor number化学性质 Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of waterquality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level 溶解氧平衡 Do balance 氧损 Oxygen depletion 有机污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS) 溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese硬度 Hardness 碱度 Alkalinity 盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials 氰化物 Cyanides 急性毒性 Acute toxity 慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 基因 Gene难降解有机化合物 Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane 三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂 农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide 除草剂 Herbicide 杀菌剂 Germicide 细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent 洗涤剂 Detergent 发泡剂 Foaming agent 泡沫 Foam 化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing 收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method 处理费用 Treatment costs处理单元 Treatment process 运行模式 Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physical treatment物理处理过程 Physical treatment process一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理 Biological treatment二澄清池 Secondary clarifier二沉池 Secondary settling tank最终澄清池 Final clarifier最终沉淀池 Final settling tank二级出水 Secondary effluent三级处理 Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advanced treatment废水消毒 Waste disinfection出流出水 Effluent flow 允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatmentplant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatmentfacilities多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading污染负荷 Pollutant load有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent)loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulation process化学混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hindered settling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tubesettler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n. presedimentation预沉淀池 presedimentation basin 3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 high rate filter 砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sand filter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filter medium 石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds多层滤料 multilayered media混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filtered water滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gamma radiation灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保护 residual protection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residual chlorine自由氯余量 free chlorine residual化合余氯 combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorineresiduals折点氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorinationcurve折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折点 chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器 ozone generator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozone residual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteriaor viruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidationprocess高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activatedcarbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activatedcarbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbonfiber再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bed contact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale columntest生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activatedcarbon7．离子交换 n. ion exchange离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchange column硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemical softening沉淀软化 precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membrane separation微滤 n. microfiltration超滤 n. hyperfiltration纳滤 n. nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane电渗析 n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling冷却水 cooling water冷却塔 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群 microbial population混合群落 mixed communities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth繁殖 n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期 lag phase2.对数生长期 exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期 decling growth phase稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸 endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization 生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biological reaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a.biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理 biological treatment废水生物处理 biological wastewatertreatment废水生物处理系统biologicalwastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统 biological sewagetreatment system生物处理法biological treatmentprocess生物处理装置 biological treatmentunit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growthtreatment processes生物固体 biological solids活性污泥 activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growthtreatment processes附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbialgrowth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biological metabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境 aerobic environment 厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物 inorganic nutrients营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrientremoval脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorusremoval生物硝化 biological nitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification生物除磷biological phosphorusremoval1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n.microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterialsludge回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activatedsludge回流污泥 returned sludge回流污泥 recycled sludge剩余污泥 excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS) waste activatedsludge废污泥 waste sludge曝气池 aeration tank曝气池 aeration basin曝气池 aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixedaeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludge tank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing曝气系统 aeration system曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser 鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器） fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffusedaeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aerationsystems机械曝气 mechanical aeration表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator需氧量 oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体 settleable solids挥发性固体 volatile solids非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatilesuspended solids混合液 mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquorsuspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixedliquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volumeindex比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygenuptake rate污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aeration tank volume曝气时间 aeration period曝气时间 aeration time水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷 hydraulic loadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludgeprocess再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activatedsludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludgeprocess延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontal rotor转刷曝气 rotor aeration笼型转刷 caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencingbatch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequentialbatch reactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activated sludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clear water上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrientremoval碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocess脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorusremoval厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammoniumoxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 膜生物反应器 (MBR)membrane biological reactor 2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 trickling filter高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aeratedfilter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘rotating biologicalcontactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biological slime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bedbioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biologicalcontactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purificationsystem稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment ofwastewater净化过程 purification process自然净化 natural purification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopic plants出流，出水 effluent flow光合作用 n. photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturation lagoon深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程） land treatmentprocesses关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatmentsystem低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatmentlevel灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorptionproperties of soil投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surfacespreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinklersystems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapidinfiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimate disposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩 n. thickening污泥浓缩 sludge thickening稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge调理（调节） n. conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge drying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator污泥浓缩 sludge thickening物理过程 physical process含水过多的污泥 watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravity thickening重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirring action底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickened underflow浓缩污泥 thickened sludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatation thickening溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influent sludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer污泥消化 sludge digestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digester unit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemical decomposition好氧消化 aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludgedigestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestionprocess活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activatedsludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contactstabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatmentsystemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludgedigestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digester supernatant中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic degestion污泥脱水 sludge dewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overallsludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surface water resource地下水资源 groundwater resource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewater reuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewaterreuse间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewaterreuse出水处理 effluent treatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partial treatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipal wastewaterreuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscape irrigation地下水回灌 groundwater recharge市政回用 municipal reuse直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge深井注射 deep-well injection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水processwastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant processmakeup water冷却塔水 cooling tower water选择性处理 optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程 industrial processes冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boiler feedwater灌溉回用 irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation withwastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate landtreatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse forirrigation废水排放 wastewater discharge雨水回用 storm water reuse可回用水 reusable waterPart Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs建设成本，建设费（用） constructioncosts运行成本，运行费（用） operating costs能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation and maintenance运行控制 operational control控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system 自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

给排水专业英语汇总 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering排水工程 sewetage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water新鲜水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urbanhydrologic cycle水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 wastewater废水 abwasser废水收集 wastewatercollection废水处理 wastewaterdisposal受纳水体 receiving waters污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollntant玷污、污染 contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 waterpollution control水污染防治 water pollutionprevention污水回用 wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surface waterresource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supplysystem市政配水系统 municipaldistribution system建筑给水系统house watersupply system分区供水系统 dualdistribution system小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold watersupply system热水供水系统 hot watersupply system消防系统 fire protectionsystem喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓 hydrant排水系统 drainage system 生活排水系统 sanitary system工业排水系统 industrial system雨水排水系统 stormwater system合流制 combined sewers 分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 building drainage system卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 water distribution system环状管网 grid system支状管网 branchingsystem下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 interceptingsewer污水节流系统 interceptingsewer system污水节流井 sewageintercepting cell支管 collection sewercollector sewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomesticsewagedomesticwastewater工业污水 industrialwastewater工业污水/液/物 industrialwastes农业用水 agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 excavation深度 excavation depth水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocityhead静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic gradeline重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pumpstation污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system 流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow 过渡流 Transitional flow 湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number 水质 Water guality 水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-water quality水质标准 Water qualitystandards水质要求 Water qualityrequirements饮用水 Drink water\potablewater自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking waterstandards饮用水一级标Primarydrinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmumpermissible levelsmaxmumallowable levels最大污染物浓度 Maxmumcontaminant levels主要污染物 Primarycontaminants有机化合物 Organicchemicals合成有机化合物 Syntheticorganic chemicals挥发性有机化合物 Volatileorganic ohemicals无机化合物 Inorganicchemical微生物 Microorganisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbialcontaminants病原微生物 Pathogenicmicro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odor number化学性质 Chemical quality 水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧损 Oxygen depletion有机污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) 总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 悬浮固体 Suspended solids(SS)总悬浮固体 Totalsuspended solids (TSS)溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved(TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolvediron and manganese硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic andhazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity基因 Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants致癌化学性 Carcinogenicchemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide除草剂 Herbicide杀菌剂 Germicide细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent洗涤剂 Detergent发泡剂 Foaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method 处理费用 Treatment costs 处理单元 Treatment process 运行模式 Operational mode 间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation 物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physical treatment物理处理过程 Physicaltreatment process一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminarytreatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondarytreatment二级处理工艺 Secondarytreatment process生物处理 Biologicaltreatment二澄清池 Secondaryclarifier二沉池 Secondary settlingtank最终澄清池 Final clarifier最终沉淀池 Final settlingtank二级出水 Secondaryeffluent三级处理 Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advancedtreatment废水消毒 Waste disinfection出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-qualitypolished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering 城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading 污染负荷 Pollutant load有机负荷 Organic load 无机负荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulationprocess化学混凝 chemicalcoagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikineticflocculation同向絮凝 orthokineticflocculation混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulantdosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n.polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rateclarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hindered settling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n. presedimentation 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin 3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 highrate filter砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sand filter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filtermedium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceousearth煤—砂滤床 coal-sandbeds多层滤料 multilayeredmedia混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dualmedia filter双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filteredwater滤后水，滤池出水 filtereffluent滤前水，滤池进水 filterinfluent浊度穿透 turbiditybreakthrough过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulicbackwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulicbackwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物 by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gammaradiation灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 freechlorine ,freeavailable chlorine化合氯 combinedchlorine剩余保护 residualprotection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residualchlorine自由氯余量 free chlorineresidual化合余氯 combinedresidual chlorine化合氯余量 combinedchlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量 breakpointdosage氯折点 chlorinebreakpoint压力钢瓶 pressured steelcylinder臭氧发生器 ozonegenerator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozoneresidual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenicmicroorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliformbacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebiccysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa 5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber再生 n. regeneration v. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorptioncolumn吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bedcontact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid smallscale column test生物活性炭 (BAC)biological activated carbon7．离子交换 n. ionexchange离子交换树脂 ionexchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchangecolumn硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemicalsoftening沉淀软化 precipitationsoftening除盐，脱盐 n.desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法 ionexchange softening process离子交换除盐法 ionexchange desalting process复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membraneseparation微滤 n. microfiltration超滤 n. hyperfiltration纳滤 n. nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeablemembrane电渗析 n.electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling 冷却水 cooling water 冷却塔 cooling tower 第六部分 生物处理 生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n. microorganismsn. mi cr obes微生物种群 microbial population 混合群落 mixed communities 细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa 真菌 n. fungi 轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth 繁殖 n. reproduction 世代时间 generation time 生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics 1. 迟滞期 lag phase 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase 3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase 稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage 内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸 endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization 生物量 n. biomass 生物反应 biologicalreaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation 生物降解性 n.biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable 不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable 生物处理 biological treatment废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment 废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment system 污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment system生物处理法 biological treatment process生物处理装置 biological treatment unit 串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体 biological solids 活性污泥 activated sludge 附着生长处理法 attached-growth treatment processes 附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biological metabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌 anaerobicbacteria厌氧氧化 anaerobicoxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境 aerobicenvironment厌氧环境 anaerobicenvironment营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物 inorganicnutrients营养物去除 nutrientremoval营养物生物去除biologicalnutrient removal脱氮除磷 nitrogen andphosphorus removal生物硝化 biologicalnitrification硝化菌 nitrifyingbacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification生物除磷 biologicalphosphorus removal1．活性污泥法 activatedsludge process微生物 n. microorganismsn. microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥 (RAS)returned activated sludge回流污泥 returned sludge回流污泥 recycled sludge剩余污泥 excess sludge废活性污泥 (WAS) wasteactivated sludge废污泥 waste sludge曝气池 aeration tank曝气池 aeration basin曝气池 aeration chamber完全混合曝气池 completelymixed aeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludgetank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing曝气系统 aeration system 曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n.cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems 机械曝气 mechanicalaeration表面曝气 surfaceaeration表面曝气器 surfaceaerator需氧量 oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率 oxygentansfer efficiency可沉降固体 settleablesolids挥发性固体 volatilesolids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体 (VSS)volatile suspended solids混合液 mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS)mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquorvolatile suspended solids污泥沉降比 (SV) settlingvelocity污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludgevolume index比耗氧速率 (SOUR)specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aeration tankvolume曝气时间 aeration period曝气时间 aeration time水力停留时间 (HRT)hydraulic residence time水力负荷 hydraulic loadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludgeprocess标准活性污泥法 standardactivated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludgeplant阶段曝气活性污泥stepaeration activated sludgeprocess分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration 接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration 氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontal rotor 转刷曝气 rotor aeration笼型转刷 caged rotor 吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法)adsorption-biodegradationprocess序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)sequencing batch reactor(SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)sequential batch reactor (SBR)processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器 (SBR)sequencing batch reactor(SBR)序批式反应器 (SBR)sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activatedsludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clearwater上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decantmechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idlephase营养物去除 nutrientremoval营养物生物去除 biologicalnutrient removal碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifyingbacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O 法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A2/O法) anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocessA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器 (MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration 旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 tricklingfilter高负荷生物滤池 high-ratefilter塔式生物滤池 towerbiofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF)biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘 rotatingbiological contactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biologicalslime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biologicalfluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bedbiofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n.methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenicphase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenicfermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producingacetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs)volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment 产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobicexpanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotatingbiological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统 naturalpurification system稳定塘 stabilizationpondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 landtreatment systems废水土地处理 landtreatment of wastewater净化过程 purificationprocess自然净化 naturalpurification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilizationpondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应 aerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解 decomposeanaerobically好氧稳定 aerobicstabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopicplants出流，出水 effluent flow光合作用 n.photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturationlagoon深度处理塘 advancedtreatment pond三级处理塘 tertiarytreatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation landtreatment快速渗滤 rapidinfiltration快速渗滤法 rapidinfiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorptionaction地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow landtreatment system地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoffcollection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , andbiological processes湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructedwetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewagesludge污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥 rawsludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 freshsludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimate disposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volumereduction污泥稳定化 sludgestabilization（污泥）浓缩 n.thickening污泥浓缩 sludgethickening稳定，稳定化 n.stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge调理（调节） n. conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge drying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator污泥浓缩 sludge thickening物理过程 physical process含水过多的污泥 watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravity thickening 重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewagesedimentation tank刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirring action底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickenedunderflow浓缩污泥 thickenedsludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatationthickening溶气气浮 dissolved-airfloatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influent sludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floatingsludge layer污泥消化 sludgedigestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digester unit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemicaldecomposition好氧消化 aerobicdigestion好氧污泥消化 aerobicsludge digestion好氧消化过程 aerobicdigestion process活性污泥池 activatedsludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package)activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricatedcontact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aerationtreatment systemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digester supernatant中温消化 mesophilicdigestion高温消化 thermophilicdegestion污泥脱水 sludgedewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overallsludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surfacewater resource地下水资源 groundwaterresource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewaterreuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用 directwastewater reuse间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用 indirectwastewater reuse出水处理 effluenttreatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partialtreatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipalwastewater reuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscapeirrigation地下水回灌 groundwaterrecharge市政回用 municipalreuse直接市政回用 directmunicipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统 dual-distribution system间接市政回用 indirectmunicipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge深井注射 deep-well injection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeup water冷却塔水 cooling tower water选择性处理 optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程 industrial processes冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boiler feedwater灌溉回用 irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉directirrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatmentsystem间接灌溉回用 indirectreuse for irrigation废水排放 wastewaterdischarge雨水回用 storm waterreuse可回用水 reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs建设成本，建设费（用） construction costs运行成本，运行费（用） operating costs能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation andmaintenance运行控制 operationalcontrol控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/controlsystem自动控制系统，自控系统automaticcontrol system。

BOD biochemical oxygen demandCOD chemical oxygen demandTSS total suspended solidsSS suspended solidsVSS volatile suspended solidsMLSS mixed liquid suspended solidsHRT Hydraulic Retention TimeSRT Sludge Retention TimeLOI Loss on ignitionFA fatty acidVFA volatile fatty acid[a dewatering tank 脱水池][a graded gravel layer 粗大砾石层][a leaching field 渗滤池][a suspended aerobic microbial culture 悬浮好养菌团] [Activated Carbon 活性炭][activated sludge processes 活性污泥工艺][adsorbent 吸附剂][adsorption 吸附][adsorption 吸附][adsorptive capacity 吸附容量][advanced wastewater treatment application 深度处理] [aeration tank 好氧池][agitated & aerated 搅拌，曝气][amino acid 氨基酸][ammonia nitrogen 氨氮][anearobiosis 厌氧生活][anion exchange resin 阴离子交换树脂][anion-exchange process 阴离子交换工艺] [assimilative capacity 同化能力][backwashing 反冲洗][basic concepts 基本类型][batch 间歇池][biodegradable organics 可生物降解有机物] [biological floc 生物絮体][biological treatment system mixed microbial culture 混合物菌群][bridge and bind 架桥连接作用][bulk solution transport 离子对流扩散][calcium & magnesium Ca 和Mg离子] [carbohydrates 碳氢化合物][carbon adsorption 活性炭吸附][carbon regeneration 活性炭再生][cation-exchange process 阳离子交换工艺][charge neutralization 电中和][chemical clarification 化学澄清池][chemical coagulation 化学絮凝][chemical precipitate 化学沉淀] [chlorination 氯化][clarification 分离][clarified effluent 澄清出水][coagulant aids 助凝剂][coagulant dose 混凝剂剂量][coagulation & flocculation 混凝和絮凝][colloid stability 胶体稳定性][colloidal material 胶体物质][combination of methods 联合式方法][combined sewer 合流制下水管][complicating factor 复杂因子][compression settling 压缩沉淀][contact time 接触时间][contaminant 污染物][contaminants of anthropogenic origin 人类活动的污染物] [continuous-flow stirrer-tank 连续流搅拌池CFST] [conventional biological treatment 常规生物处理] [conversion factor 转换因子][corrosion of metal 金属腐蚀][counter current 逆流][cross section 剖面图][culture/liquid separation 固液分离][deep well 深井][digested sludge 消化污泥][dilute suspensions 稀溶液][discrete particles 不连续颗粒][disease causing bacteria 致命菌][dissolved gases 溶解性气体][dissolved material 溶解性物质][divalent anion 二价阴离子][domestic use 生活用水][domestic wastewater 生活污水][domestic water supply 生活用水水源][downtime 或者residence time 停留时间][drain off 把…排除][dry season 旱季][empirical formula 经验分子式][enactment and enforcement 制定和实施][fatty acid 脂肪酸][film diffusion transport 扩散运输][filtration rate 流速][filtration 过滤][filtration 过滤][floating and suspended material 漂浮和悬浮物] [flocculator-clarifiers 絮凝澄清池][flocculent particles 絮凝颗粒][flotation 气浮][flow scheme 流程][free-swimming organism 游离生物][full-scale plants 生产性长][fundamentals of Adsorption 基础理论][GAC 粉末活性炭][granular carbon 颗粒活性炭][ground water 地下水][hardness ions 硬度][hardness 硬度][head loss 水头损失][heavy metal 重金属][heterogeneous collection 难溶物][heterogeneous suspension 非均匀悬浮物][hindered settling 拥挤沉淀][hydraulic problem 水力学问题][hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度][hydrolysis product 水解产物][hydrolytic action 水解反应][hydrophobic colloid 疏水胶体][immiscible liquids 不溶液体][impervious bed 不透水层][impounded reservoir 蓄水水库][industrial use 工业用水][infiltration gallery 渗渠][inland waterways 内陆水体][insoluble hydrolysis product 不容水解物][intake point 取水口][ion exchange 离子交换][ion-exchange process 离子交换工艺][iron & manganese 铁或锰][irrigation facility 灌溉装置][lab-scheme 小试][lagoon 氧化塘][lined well 衬砌井][liquid phase 液相][mass balance 质量守恒][mechanism of coagulation 混凝机理][metabolizing 新陈代谢][methodology for its regeneration 再生方法][mixed-liquid suspended solids MLSS][mixed-liquid volatile suspended solids 混合液挥发性悬浮固体MLVSS][mode of operation 操作方式][molecular attraction 分子引力][municipal wastewater treatment 城市污水处理] [natural runoff of pollutants 污染物自然径流] [negative charge 负电荷][neutral environment 中性环境][normal plug-flow 标注推流式][open/dug well 大口井][operational circumstance 操作过程] [optimum environmental condition 最适宜环境条件] [PAC 颗粒活性炭][particle agglomerate 颗粒结块][pathogenic organism 病毒有机物][peptide bonds 肽键][pilot-plant test 中试][polishing treatment 深度处理][pore transport 孔隙运输][porous pipe 多孔管][powdered carbon 粉末活性炭][precipitation 沉淀][pretreatment 预处理][primary sedimentation 初沉池][primary treatment 初级处理][rabble arm 搅拌杠][rainy season 雨季][raw sewage 未处理水][reactivation 活化][recarbonation 重碳酸化][receiving water 受纳水体][recycle solid wastes 回收固体废弃物] [reduction of suspended solids ss去除率] [regenerated carbon 再生活性炭][remaining residue 剩余残余物][removal ratio of suspended solids ss去除率] [repulsive forces 斥力][reverse osmosis 反渗透][sanitary sewer 污水管道][sanitary 卫生工程学][saturated hydrocarbons 饱和碳氢化合物] [scanning electron micrograph 扫描电镜SEM] [scum 浮渣][secondary treatment 二级处理][secreted polymer 分泌聚合物][sediment load 污泥负荷][sedimentation behaviour 沉淀区] [sedimentation tank 沉淀池][sedimentation 沉淀][self purification property 自净能力][separate sewer 分流制下水管][septic tank 化粪池][sequence of methods 序批式方法][shared chemical & physical properties 物化共性] [silica-based adsorbents 合硅吸附剂][sludge age 污泥龄][sludge 污泥][solids retention time 固体停留时间SRT] [solubility of carbonate 碳酸盐溶解][source of supply 水源][specific water quality objective 特定水质指标] [supernatant liquid 上清液][surface water 地表水][sweep coagulation 网捕][synthetic polymeric 人工合成聚合物][technical and financial feasibility 技术经济可行性] [tertiary treatment 三级处理][the biological availability 生物有效性][the colloidal theory 胶体理论][the final clarifier 二沉池][the granular-media gravity filter 重力快滤池][the oxygen uptake rate 耗氧速率][the sludge collecting hopper 污泥收集斗][the spent carbon exhausted activated carbon 失活的活性炭][the trickling filter 生物滤池][thermal regeneration 加热再生][thickening 浓缩][toxic substoruce 有毒物质][toxicity reduction 有毒物质减少][trace nutrient 微量元素][transmission electron micrograph 透射电镜TEM][tube well 管井][turbidity & suspended matter 浊度&悬浮物质] [underdrain 下水道][unhindered settling 自由沉淀][unsettled sanitary wastewater 未处理生活污水] [waste disposal 废物处理][waste rate 排泥速率][waste treatment plant 废物处理厂][waste water 工业废水][water soften 水质软化][water softening 水软化][water treatment methods 给水处理方法][water works 供水工程][water-softening process 水软化处理][weight ratio 质量比][zeta potential 电位][zone settling 成层沉淀]。

abrade [ə’breid] v。

摩擦，磨损accelerated gravity settling ［ək'seləreitid] 回速重力沉降acidic [ə'sidik］adj。

酸的，酸性的adhesion ［əd'hi：ʒən] n. 附着力，，胶粘advanced oxidation 高级氧化advanced treatment 高级处理aggregation [ægri'geiʃən] n。

，聚合，集合体aging [’eidʒiŋ] n. 衰老，老化，陈化air diffuser [di’fju：zə] 气体扩散器air stripping ［’stripiŋ] 空气吹脱,气提alkalinity ［,ælkə’linəti］n。

【化学】碱性;碱度alum ［’æləm］n。

明矾,矾aluminum sulfate [,ælju’miniəm，,ælə'miniəm] ［'sʌlfeit] 硫酸铝amendment ［ə’mendmənt］n. 改善，改良，改正amnio ［’æmniəu] adj。

氨基的anaerobic ［æneə’rəubik] adj。

厌氧的ancillary [æn'siləri] adj. 辅助的, 附属的approach velocity [vi’lɔsiti］行近流速approximation [ə，prɔksi'meiʃən］n. 接近，近似Aquaclude 不透水层，难渗透水的地层aquatic [ə'kwætik］adj。

1. 水的，水上的,水生的；水栖的n. 水生动物,水草aquifer ［’ækwəfə］［'ækwifə] n。

含水层,地下蓄水层auxiliary ［ɔ:g'ziljəri］辅助的，补助的backwashing 反冲洗ballast ［’bæləst］n. 整流器,压舱物，道碴ballasted flocculent settling ［'bæləst] 加重絮凝沉淀ballasting agent ［’bæləstiŋ] 加重剂barr ier ['bæriə] n。

给排水专业专业英语词汇1、hydrology 水文学、水文地理学2、hydrologic=hydrological3、hydrologic cycle 水文循环4、freshwater 淡水的、河水的5、fresh water 淡水、湖水6、precipitate 沉降、下沉7、evaporate 使蒸发、消失8、dewpoint 结露点9、droplet 小滴10、Ideal Gas Law 理想气体定律11、orographic 山岳的、山形的12、terrane 岩层13、convective 传送的、对流的14、schematic 示意的15、diagram 图表、图解16、hydraulic 水力的、水力学的17、precipitation 降水、降雨量、沉淀18、transpiration 蒸发（物）、植物蒸腾作用19、depict 描述、描写20、diagrammatically 用图解法地21、physical works 实际构筑物22、meterologist 气象学者23、hydrologist 水文学者24、hail （下）冰雹25、sleet 冰雪、雨加雪26、snowpack 积雪场27、thaw 解冻28、discard 丢弃、放弃29、environmental 环境的、周围的30、marketable 时宜销售的31、isolated 隔离的、孤立的32、Madison avenue 纽约麦迪逊大街33、integral 整体的、构成整体所需要的34、ecological 生态学的35、harbor 隐匿、庇护36、aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的37、ecosystem 生态系统38、species 物种、式样39、aqueduct 沟渠、导水管40、desalinate 去处盐分、海水淡化41、arid 干旱的、贫瘠的42、iceberg 冰山、冷冰冰的人43、reverse 相反、颠倒、相反的、颠倒的44、aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层45、rudimentary 根本的、未发展的46、malaria 疟疾、瘴气47、typhoid 伤寒症、伤寒的48、cholera 霍乱49、wetland 湿地、沼泽地50、habitat （动植物）的生活环境。

UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollutioncontrol水污染防治water pollutionprevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface waterresource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipaldistribution system建筑给水系统house water supplysystem分区供水系统dual distributionsystem小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supplysystem热水供水系统hot water supplysystem消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinklersystem自动水幕系统automatic drenchersystem半自动水幕系统semi automatic drenchersystem消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwatersystem合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainagesystem卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmissionsystem漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distributionsystem环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched)system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统interceptingsewer system污水节流井sewage interceptingwell支管collection (目的：收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrialwastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards 水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water 自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels 主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organicchemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatile organicohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbialcontaminants病原微生物Pathogenic microorganisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters ofwater quality水的物理性质Physical quality ofwater浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters ofwater quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygendemand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids(TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron andmanganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardousmaterials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractoryorganic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistentorganic pollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenicchemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling 沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatmentprocess生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polishedeffluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatmentplant污水处理厂Sewage treatmentplant二级处理厂Secondary treatmentplant城市污水处理Municipal wastewatertreatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewatertreatment plant污水处理能力Sewage treatmentcapacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatmentfacilities多反应器设施Multi-reactorfacility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent)loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokineticflocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimumcoagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentationtank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank 管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation 气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin 3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水filter influent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfectionby-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products ofchlorination化学消毒剂chemicaldisinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n.ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultravioletradiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorinedosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free availablechlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorineresidual化合余氯combined residualchlorine化合氯余量combined chlorineresiduals折点氯化（法）breakpointchlorination折点氯化曲线breakpointchlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steelcylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenicmicroorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenicbacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advancedoxidation process高级氧化工艺(AOP) advancedoxidation process高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin 离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column 硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening 除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchangedesalting process复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeablemembrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemicalprecipitation沉淀软化precipitationsoftening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbialgrowth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growthphase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenousstage内源生长期endogenous growthphase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrateutilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a.biodegradable不可生物降解的 a.nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biologicalwastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biologicalwastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biologicalsewage treatment system生物处理法biological treatmentprocess生物处理装置biologicaltreatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attached microbes 微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism 微生物代谢microbial metabolism 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment 厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterialsludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returnedactivated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS)wasteactivated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixedaeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机aircompressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器airdiffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubblediffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aerationsystems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansferefficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatilesolids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixedliquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludgevolume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specificoxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulicresidence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventionalactivated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventionalactivated sludge process标准活性污泥法standardactivated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventionalactivated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aerationactivated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration 完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法) adsorption-biodegradation process 序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) process SBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biologicalnutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocessA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocess脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorusremoval厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammoniumoxidation生物除磷biological phosphorusremoval膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biologicalreactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastictubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biologicalaerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biologicalcontactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidizedbedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bedbioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilmreactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producingacetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatilefatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducingbacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor 两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion 污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧分解anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解decomposeanaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatmentpond三级处理塘tertiary treatmentpond土地处理工艺（过程）landtreatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatmentsystems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatmentsystem低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatmentsystem三级处理水平tertiary treatmentlevel灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorptionproperties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surfacespreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapidinfiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltrationmethod过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatmentsystem地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collectionditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , andbiological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludgevolume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digestedsludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volumereduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. conditioning v. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator 污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow 浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation 气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludgedigestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestionprocess活性污泥池activated sludgetank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activatedsludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contactstabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatmentsystemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludgedigestion有盖的圆形池covered circulartank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobicdigestion process生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatilefatty acids甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digestergas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digestedsludge消化池上清液digestersupernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overallsludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface waterresource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用directwastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirectwastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipalwastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwaterrecharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipalreuse深度处理，高级处理advancedtreatment分质供水系统dual-distributionsystem间接市政回用indirect municipalreuse供水系统，给水系统watersupply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力naturalassimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system 自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

9 主要术语说明9.1 排水工程 sewerage engineering,wasterwater engineering收集、输送、处理、再生和处置污水和雨水的工程。

9.2 排水系统 sewer system收集、输送、处理、再生和处置污水和雨水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。

9.3 排水制度 sewerage system在一个地区内收集和输送城镇污水和雨水的方式。

它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式。

9.4 排水设施 wastewater facilities排水工程中的管道、构筑物和设备等的统称。

9.5 合流制 combined system用同一管渠系统收集和输送城镇污水和雨水的排水方式。

9.6 分流制 separate system用不同管渠系统分别收集和输送各种城镇污水和雨水的排水方式。

9.7 城镇污水 urban wastewater城镇中排放各种污水和废水的统称，它由综合生活污水、工业废水和入渗地下水三部分组成。

在合流制排水系统中，还包括被截留的雨水。

9.8 城镇污水系统 urban wastewater system收集、输送、处理、再生和处置城镇污水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。

9.9 城镇污水污泥 urban wastewater sludge城镇污水系统中产生的污泥。

9.10 流污水 dry weather flow，DWF合流制排水系统晴天时输送的污水。

9.11 生活污水 domestic wastewater，sewage居民生活活动所产生的污水。

主要是厕所、洗涤和洗澡产生的污水。

9.12 综合生活污水 comprehensive sewage由居民生活污水和公共建筑污水组成。

9.13 工业废水 industrial wastewater工业生产过程中产生的废水。

9.14 入渗地下水 infiltrated ground water通过管渠和附属构筑物破损处进入排水管渠的地下水。

UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 排水工程 sewage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering 水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment 流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water淡水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation 渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 sewage废水 wastewater废水收集 wastewater collection废水处理 wastewater disposal受纳水体 receiving waters污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollutant玷污、污染 contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 water pollution control水污染防治 water pollution prevention污水回用 wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supply system市政配水系统 municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统 dual distribution system小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold water supply system热水供水系统 hot water supply system消防系统 fire protection system喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓 hydrant排水系统 drainage system生活排水系统 sanitary system工业排水系统 industrial system雨水排水系统 stormwater system合流制 combined sewers分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 building drainage system卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 water distribution system环状管网 grid (looped)system支状管网 branching(branched) system下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 intercepting(中间截取) sewer 污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system污水节流井 sewage intercepting well支管 collection (目的：收集)sewer collectorsewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水 industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 ex cava tion深度 excavation depth水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump潜水泵 Submer sible pump潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow过渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-water quality水质标准 Water quality standards 水质要求 Water quality requirements饮用水 Drink water\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物 Primary contaminants有机化合物 Organic chemicals合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals无机化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质 Physical quality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odor number化学性质 Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧损 Oxygen depletion有机污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese 硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity 慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity基因 Gene难降解有机化合物 Refractory organic chemicals永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide除草剂 Herbicide杀菌剂 Germicide细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent洗涤剂 Detergent发泡剂 Foaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method处理费用 Treatment costs处理单元 Treatment process运行模式 Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach 均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physical treatment物理处理过程 Physical treatment process 一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars 钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondary treatment二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process生物处理 Biological treatment二澄清池 Secondary clarifier二沉池 Secondary settling tank最终澄清池 Final clarifier最终沉淀池 Final settling tank二级出水 Secondary effluent三级处理 Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advanced treatment废水消毒 Waste disinfection出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading污染负荷 Pollutant load有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulation process化学混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hindered settling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n. presedimentation预沉淀池 presedimentation basin3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 high rate filter砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sand filter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter 过滤介质，滤料 filter medium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds多层滤料 multilayered media混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filtered water滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物 by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gamma radiation灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保护 residual protection余氯 residual chlorine 余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residual chlorine自由氯余量 free chlorine residual化合余氯 combined residual chlorine化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折点 chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器 ozone generator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozone residual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bed contact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon 7．离子交换 n. ion exchange离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchange column硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemical softening沉淀软化 precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membrane separation微滤 n. microfiltration超滤 n. hyperfiltration纳滤 n. nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane电渗析 n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling冷却水 cooling water冷却塔 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群 microbial population混合群落 mixed communities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth繁殖 n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期 lag phase2.对数生长期 exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期 decling growth phase稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸 endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biological reaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理 biological treatment废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewatertreatment system污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatmentsystem生物处理法 biological treatment process生物处理装置 biological treatment unit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatmentprocesses生物固体 biological solids活性污泥 activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatmentprocesses附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biological metabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境 aerobic environment厌氧环境 anaerobic environment营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物 inorganic nutrients营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化 biological nitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc 微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge回流污泥 returned sludge回流污泥 recycled sludge剩余污泥 excess sludge废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge废污泥 waste sludge曝气池 aeration tank曝气池 aeration basin曝气池 aeration chamber完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludge tank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing曝气系统 aeration system曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器） fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems机械曝气 mechanical aeration表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator需氧量 oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体 settleable solids挥发性固体 volatile solids非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液 mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate 污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aeration tank volume曝气时间 aeration period曝气时间 aeration time水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷 hydraulic loadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess标准活性污泥法standard activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludgeplant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludgeprocess分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludgeprocess延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontal rotor转刷曝气 rotor aeration笼型转刷 caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batchreactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activated sludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clear water上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器 (MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 trickling filter高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘 rotating biological contactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biological slime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicbiotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobicbiotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor 厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor 4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统 natural purification system稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 净化过程 purification process自然净化 natural purification 污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应 aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopic plants出流，出水 effluent flow光合作用 n. photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturation lagoon深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程） land treatment processes关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties ofsoil投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes 湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimate disposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩 n. thickening污泥浓缩 sludge thickening稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge调理（调节） n. conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge drying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator污泥浓缩 sludge thickening物理过程 physical process含水过多的污泥 watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravity thickening重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank 刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirring action底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickened underflow浓缩污泥 thickened sludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatation thickening溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influent sludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer污泥消化 sludge digestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digester unit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemical decomposition好氧消化 aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludgetreatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digester supernatant中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic degestion污泥脱水 sludge dewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surface water resource地下水资源 groundwater resource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewater reuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse出水处理 effluent treatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention 循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partial treatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscape irrigation地下水回灌 groundwater recharge市政回用 municipal reuse直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment分质供水系统 dual-distribution system间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统 water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge深井注射 deep-well injection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeupwater冷却塔水 cooling tower water选择性处理 optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程 industrial processes冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boiler feedwater灌溉回用 irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatmentsystem间接灌溉回用 indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放 wastewater discharge雨水回用 storm water reuse可回用水 reusable waterPart Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs建设成本，建设费（用） construction costs 运行成本，运行费（用） operating costs能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation and maintenance运行控制 operational control控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 排水工程 sewage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering 水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment 流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water淡水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 sewage废水 wastewater废水收集 wastewater collection废水处理 wastewater disposal受纳水体 receiving waters污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollutant玷污、污染 contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 water pollution control水污染防治 water pollution prevention污水回用 wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supply system市政配水系统 municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统 dual distribution system小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold water supply system热水供水系统 hot water supply system消防系统 fire protection system喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓 hydrant排水系统 drainage system生活排水系统 sanitary system工业排水系统 industrial system雨水排水系统 stormwater system合流制 combined sewers分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 building drainage system卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 water distribution system环状管网 grid (looped)system支状管网 branching(branched) system下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system污水节流井 sewage intercepting well支管 collection (目的：收集)sewer collectorsewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水 industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 excavation深度 excavation depth水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump潜水泵 Submer sible pump潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate 流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow过渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-water quality水质标准 Water quality standards水质要求 Water quality requirements饮用水 Drink water\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物 Primary contaminants有机化合物 Organic chemicals合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals无机化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质 Physical quality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odor number化学性质 Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧损 Oxygen depletion有机污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity基因 Gene难降解有机化合物 Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide除草剂 Herbicide杀菌剂 Germicide细菌 Germ 防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent洗涤剂 Detergent发泡剂 Foaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method处理费用 Treatment costs处理单元 Treatment process运行模式 Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physical treatment物理处理过程 Physical treatment process一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondary treatment二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process生物处理 Biological treatment二澄清池 Secondary clarifier二沉池 Secondary settling tank最终澄清池 Final clarifier最终沉淀池 Final settling tank二级出水 Secondary effluent三级处理 Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advanced treatment废水消毒 Waste disinfection出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading污染负荷 Pollutant load有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulation process化学混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hindered settling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n. presedimentation预沉淀池 presedimentation basin3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 high rate filter 砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sand filter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filter medium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth 煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds多层滤料 multilayered media混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter 双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filtered water滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent 滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent 浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough 过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物 by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gamma radiation灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保护 residual protection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residual chlorine自由氯余量 free chlorine residual化合余氯 combined residual chlorine化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折点 chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器 ozone generator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozone residual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bed contact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换 n. ion exchange离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchange column硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemical softening沉淀软化 precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membrane separation微滤 n. microfiltration超滤 n. hyperfiltration纳滤 n. nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane电渗析 n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling冷却水 cooling water冷却塔 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群 microbial population混合群落 mixed communities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth繁殖 n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期 lag phase2.对数生长期 exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期 decling growth phase稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸 endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biological reaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理 biological treatment废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment 废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment system生物处理法 biological treatment process生物处理装置 biological treatment unit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体 biological solids活性污泥 activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biological metabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境 aerobic environment厌氧环境 anaerobic environment营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物 inorganic nutrients营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化 biological nitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge回流污泥 returned sludge回流污泥 recycled sludge剩余污泥 excess sludge废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge废污泥 waste sludge曝气池 aeration tank曝气池 aeration basin曝气池 aeration chamber完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludge tank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing曝气系统 aeration system曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器） fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems机械曝气 mechanical aeration表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator需氧量 oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体 settleable solids挥发性固体 volatile solids非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液 mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aeration tank volume曝气时间 aeration period曝气时间 aeration time水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷 hydraulic loadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess标准活性污泥法standard activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludgeplant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludgeprocess分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludgeprocess延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontal rotor转刷曝气 rotor aeration笼型转刷 caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batchreactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batchreactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor(SBR)序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activated sludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clear water上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法) anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器 (MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor 生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 trickling filter高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘 rotating biological contactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biological slime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor 厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor 4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统 natural purification system稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 净化过程 purification process自然净化 natural purification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond 兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应 aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopic plants出流，出水 effluent flow光合作用 n. photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturation lagoon深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程） land treatment processes关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties ofsoil投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration landtreatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolationland treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge 混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimate disposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩 n. thickening污泥浓缩 sludge thickening稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge调理（调节） n. conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge drying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration 焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator污泥浓缩 sludge thickening物理过程 physical process含水过多的污泥 watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravity thickening重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirring action底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickened underflow浓缩污泥 thickened sludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatation thickening溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influent sludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer污泥消化 sludge digestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digester unit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemical decomposition好氧消化 aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludgetreatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digester supernatant中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic degestion污泥脱水 sludge dewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surface water resource地下水资源 groundwater resource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewater reuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse出水处理 effluent treatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partial treatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscape irrigation地下水回灌 groundwater recharge市政回用 municipal reuse直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment分质供水系统 dual-distribution system间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统 water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge深井注射 deep-well injection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeupwater冷却塔水 cooling tower water选择性处理 optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程 industrial processes冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boiler feedwater灌溉回用 irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatmentsystem间接灌溉回用 indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放 wastewater discharge雨水回用 storm water reuse可回用水 reusable waterPart Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs建设成本，建设费（用） construction costs运行成本，运行费（用） operating costs能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation and maintenance运行控制 operational control控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

unit oneDistribution system分配系统Grid system 环状管网ring system环状管网loop feeder 环状管网branching system 枝状管网combination system 联合管网（combined system）Topography地形学，地形，地貌，地势dead end死水点feeder 给水管，进料器Elevation地面标高valve 阀门，真空管water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统service reservoir 配水池（调节水池）pump 泵storage element （储水）构筑物70m head 70米水柱leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率）hydraulic 水力的，水压的hydraulic analysis 水力分析field measurement 现场测量（实测）field date 实测数据key point管网节点pipe junctions 管网节点node （key point, junction）节点sign convention符号规约positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正head loss 水头损失iterative solution 迭代解loop method 环路法flow, runoff, discharge 流量Sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物）Sewer 下水道，污水管Sanitary sewer 生活污水管道Connection连接管，排出管Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管（补充内容）PVC 聚氯乙烯Grade line 坡度线slope 倾斜度，坡度collecting sewer 污水支管Interceptor 截流污水管（intercepting sewer）Domestic民用的，生活的Manhole 人孔，检查井drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道sewerage system 污水工程系统invert 管道内底Pump station 泵站unit twoContaminant 污染物ground water 地下水surface water 地表水wastewater 污废水Floating materials漂浮物suspended materials悬浮物Colloidal materials 胶体物质colloidal particles 胶体微粒Dissolved materials 溶解物质Dissolved gases 溶解气体Microorganisms微生物（microbe）organic and inorganic constituents 有机和无机成分hardness-ion 硬度离子hardness 硬度carbon dioxide二氧化碳hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢Alga(algae) 水藻，藻类Clay 粘土silt泥沙，淤泥pathogenic病原体，致病菌，病原菌Bacteria 细菌Ammonia 氨，氨水Methane gas甲烷，沼气turbidity 浊度taste 味odor 臭drinking water 饮用水water sample 水样suspension 悬浮液turbidity unit (TU) 浊度单位turbidimeter 浊度表，浊度仪Solubility 溶度，溶解性Metabolism 新陈代谢standard color solution 标准比色液threshold odor number 臭阈值boiler feed water 锅炉给水boiler water supply锅炉给水demineralize 去除矿物质scale deposit 水垢，积垢Outfall 出水口，排水口chemical clarification 化学（法）澄清coagulation 混凝coagulant 混凝剂sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒synthetic polymer 合成聚合物Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine 氯sedimentation basin 沉淀池oxidize 使氧化，使生锈soften 软化settle-able 会沉淀的Aeration曝气通风unit threeplain settling 自由沉淀detention time 滞留时间Flocculation 絮凝Flocs 絮凝体coagulant aid 助凝剂(flocculation aid) natural alkalinity 自然碱度high-molecular compound 高分子化合物jar test 烧杯实验Centrifugal 离心的low-lift pump 低扬程水泵suction line 吸入管线索impeller 叶轮pump casing 泵壳Paddle-type flocculator 桨板式絮凝器（池）Clarifier 澄清池up flow clarifier 升流式澄清池contact tank 接触反应池Sedimentation basins 沉淀池inlet baffle 进水挡板effluent weir 出水堰tube settler 管式沉淀池influent flow 入流reaction jet structure 喷流结构finger launder 指形槽结构effluent launder 出流槽cross baffle 横向挡板settling tank 沉淀池（settler）aqueous suspension 水悬浮液shallower basin 浅池parallel-plate settler 斜板沉淀池tube settler 斜管沉淀池feed rate 这里指水流速度laminar flow 层流filter medium 过滤介质（滤料）anthracite 无烟煤mixed-media 复合滤料back-wash 反冲洗hydraulic grading水力分级High-Rate Sedimentation Basins 高效澄清池Slow and Rapid Sand Filter慢砂滤池和快砂滤池Mixed-media Filter 复合滤料滤池specific gravity 比重filter cycle 过滤周期oxidation potential 氧化电势，氧化性reduction potential 还原电势，还原性ozone 臭氧Oxidant 氧化剂Reducer 还原剂germicidal property杀菌能力（germicide杀菌剂）molecular weight 分子量Halogen 卤素pilot 试验性的Chlorination 氯化，用氯处理water-borne disease 水传播病THM S三卤甲烷breakpoint chlorination 折点加氯breakpoint dosage折点剂量free (available) chlorine 自由性氯chlorine demand 需氯量combined chlorine 化合性氯unit fourWater Pollution水污染Organic wastes有机废物municipal waste 市政污水Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧（DO）slightly soluble 微溶于水的Saturation 饱和状态saturation concentration 饱和浓度biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量pollutant 污染物Biodegradable 可生物降解的chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量oxidizing agent 氧化剂wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂total suspended solids （TSS）总悬浮固体mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度volatile suspended solids (VSS) 挥发性固体wastewater analysis 污水水质分析water pollution control水污染控制Anaerobic 厌氧菌的，厌氧引起的Aerobic 需氧的，好氧的unit fivePrimary treatment 一级处理screen 格栅grit chamber 沉砂池settler 沉淀池V-notch weir三角堰primary clarifier 初沉池turbulence 紊流primary effluent 一级出水secondary treatment 二级处理biological treatment system 生物处理系统activated-sludge system 活性污泥系统aeration basin 曝气池return activated sludge （RAS）回流污泥air diffuser 空气扩散器step aeration activated-sludge process 阶段曝气活性污泥法BOD-SS loading BOD污泥负荷mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度sequential batch reactor (SBR) 序批式（间歇式）活性污泥法primary clarifier 初沉池secondary clarifier 二沉池Sludge treatment 污泥处理volume reduction 减量化Sludge thickening 污泥浓缩gravity thickener重力浓缩池sludge scraper 刮泥器Sludge digestion 污泥消化methane-forming bacteria产甲烷菌。

Aabdicate 退位放弃abrasion 磨损absorb 吸收吸引adsorb 吸附abutting 邻接的acclimation 驯化适应环境accommodate 容纳调和供应；适应acetic 醋的乙酸的acidic 酸的酸性的acreage 英亩数面积act 法令发案acute 急性的剧烈的activate 使激活使活动activated－sludge processes 活性污泥法adaptability 适应性address 专注于致力于aeration 曝气通风aerator 曝气器aerobic 好养的依靠氧气的aestheically 感关上的美学观点上的affordability （经济上）可承受性agglomerate 使成团使凝聚/大团大块/凝聚的agitate 搅动agitation 搅动搅拌兴奋algae 藻类海藻algal 海藻的藻类的alkaline 碱性的碱的alkalinity 碱度allot （按份额）分配分派alum 明矾aluminum 铝ambient 周围的/周围环境ambient water quality sdandard水环境质量标准amend 修正改正amendment 修正案改正改善ammonia 氨水ammonium 铵anaerobic 厌氧性的anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerobic digester 厌氧消化池anion 阴离子anionic polyelectrolyte 阴离子聚合电解质antagonist 敌手对手anthracite 无烟煤apparatus 器械设备仪器apportion 分配appropriation 据为己有、占有n appropriator 专有者、占用者appropriative 专用的、可拨用的aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的aqueduct 沟渠、导水管aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层arid 干旱的、贫瘠的arsenic 砒霜artesian well 喷水井自流井assess 估计、评价attainable 可到达的可得到的attorney 律师（业务或法律意义上的）代理人authorization 授权、认可Bbackup 回溯备份backwash 反洗反冲洗bacterial 细菌的bacteriological 细菌学上的、细菌学的bacterium 细菌baffle 挡板导流板/阻碍barge 驳船用船运输barium 钡basement 地下室墙脚be entitled to 有...的资格benzene 苯bicarbonate 重碳酸盐biochemical 生物化学的bio-contact oxidation process生物接触氧化法biodegradable 可生物降解的biological tower 生物塔滤biomass 生物量blockage 封锁妨碍堵塞blowoff valve 排污阀排空阀bond 粘接结合粘接剂brackish estuary 咸水河口branch system 枝状管网breakpoint chloranation 折点加氯breakthrough 突破穿透brook trout 鲑鱼（大马哈鱼为其一种）burial 埋葬淹没buried cast-iron pipeline埋地铸铁管道buried premade concrete round pipeline埋地预制砼圆形管道buried prestressed concrete pipeline埋地管芯缠丝预应力砼管buried rectangular pipeline埋地矩形管道buried steel sketelon polyethylene fule gas pipeline 埋地钢骨架聚乙烯燃气管道buried unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipeline埋地聚氯乙稀管道Ccalico 印花布白棉布carbohydrate 碳水化合物糖类carbonate 碳酸盐炭化carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳carp 鲤鱼carry－over n. 遗留遗留物casebook 个案记录簿cation 阳离子centrifugate 以离心力分出之物ceramic 陶器的陶瓷制品chloramine 氯铵chloride 氯化物chlorination 加氯消毒氯化chlorinator 氯化机加氯机chlorine 氯气chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯chlorite 亚氯酸盐cholera 霍乱chromium 铬Cincinnati辛辛提那（美国俄亥俄州西南部城市）circumferentail 圆周地clam 蛤clarifier－flocculator 反应－澄清池clarification 澄清净化clarifier 澄清池澄清器clay 粘土泥土climax 高潮顶点clog 障碍堵塞coagulant 混凝剂coagulate 凝结凝结的coagulation 混凝凝结凝结物coarse aggregate 粗糙骨料codify 编成法典coliform 大肠菌像大肠菌的collision 冲突碰撞colloid 胶体胶体的colloidal 胶体的colloidal clay 胶质粘土combined chlorine residual结合性余氯、化合性余氯combustion 燃烧commentary 解说词comminution 粉碎comminutor 粉碎机compensate 偿还补偿complex 复杂的compusory 必须的义务的condition 调质调理调节conducive 有益于conerstone 基石基础configuration 构造结构配置consolidation 压实固结巩固conspicuously 显著地超群地constraint 强迫抑制约束contact stabilization process 接触稳定工艺contaminate vt污染，弄脏n受到污染的、污染物致污物contiguous 邻近的、毗邻的continuity 连续性连贯性contour 轮廓等高线controversial 争论的争议的convective 传送的、对流的conveyance 运输输水运输工具copper pipeline铜管corrugated 使起波纹状的缩成皱纹状的criterion （pl.criteria）标准、规范critical level 临界水平临界浓度cross－flow 横向流动crystallization 结晶化culinary 厨房的烹调用的厨房用的culture 培养培育cyanide 氰化物Ddecay coefficient衰减系数decomposition 分解腐烂definition 定义、解说degasifier 脱气器消除毒气剂degrade 使降解使退化deioniz 去除离子depict 描述、描写depletion 损耗deposit 沉淀物堆积物存放堆积沉淀derivative 引出的派生的事物desalinate 去处盐分、海水淡化desilt 挖除淤泥沉砂dessicant 干燥的干燥剂desultory 散漫的、簿连贯的dewater 使脱水dewaterability 脱水能力dewpoint 结露点diagram 图表、图解diagrammatically 用图解法地diaphragm 隔膜横隔膜膜片dichloramine 二氯铵dichloroethane 二氯乙烷dichloroethylene 二氯乙烯dichotomy 两分、二分法、分裂digest 消化分类摘要digester 消化器消化池digestion 消化领悟digestive tract 消化道dioxide 二氧化物discard 丢弃、放弃discharge 流出排出流量放电discharger 卸料器排污对象disinfecation byproducts 消毒副产品disinfection 消毒disperse 使分散使散开疏散disposal 处置处理dissolved oxygen sag curves 氧垂曲线dissociate 电离分离distill 蒸馏distribution system 配水系统分配系统diversion 转移、转换、绕道doctrine 教条、学说do justice to 公平对待正确处理donwflow 向下流drain 排水沟排水流干drainage 排水排水区域排水装置droplet 小滴dropping 滴下物兽粪ducal palace of V enice 威尼斯公爵的宫殿dump 倾倒垃圾倾泻durable 持久的耐用的dwelling 住宅、住处dynamic 动力的动力学的动态的Eecological 生态学的ecosystem 生态系统effluent 流出的流出物出水污水electrostatic 静电的静电学的elicit 得出、引出、抽出elucidate 阐明、说明emergency 突发情况emergency backup 事故储备eminent 显赫的杰出的endogenous 内生的内生长的endogenous growth phase 内源生长期endorse 签注（文件）认可签署enmeshment 网捕包络卷扫ensue 跟着发生，继起enteric 肠的environmental 环境的、周围的equilibria（n.pl.）均衡平衡equivalent 相等的等量的erode 侵蚀腐蚀受腐蚀（vt&vi）erosion 腐蚀侵蚀Escherichia coli 埃希式大肠菌esthetics 美学estuarine 河口的江口的estuary 河口江口et al. 等人及其他人（拉丁语）eutrophic 富营养的eutrophication 富营养化超营养作用evaporate 使蒸发、消失evolve （使）发展放出释放excrement 排泄物大便excrete 排泄分泌exhaust 排气废气用尽耗尽extraneous 无关系外来的extra-thin-wall stainless steel and plastic composite pipeline超薄壁不锈钢复合管道Ffarmstead 农场及其建筑物fatigue failure 疲劳破坏feeder 进料器投加设备feeder main 输水干管进水总管feedline 进料管线feedstock 给料加工原料feedwater 供水补给水fermentation 发酵filter 滤池过滤filter－fly larvae 滤池蝇幼虫fire flow 消防流量fixed film 固定膜flexibal jiont cast iron pipe system柔性接口铸铁管flexibility 弹性适应性floc 絮凝体矾花flocculate 絮凝凝聚flocculator 絮凝池反应池flotation 浮选flowrate 流量fluidization 使液化流化fluoride 氟化物fluidize 使液化使流态化fluosilicic acid 氟硅酸flush 冲洗淹没follow suit 跟着做跟着出牌forfeiture 丧失、没收物、罚款fragile 易碎的脆弱的free chlorine residual 游离性余氯freeflowing 重力流fresh water 淡水、湖水freshwater 淡水的、河水的fungi 真菌类似真菌的Ggal.（1US gallon＝3.785L）game fish 供垂钓的鱼garnet 石榴石深红色gauge 量器、表、标准尺寸geographical 地理学的地理的geography 地理地理学geometry constraint 几何约束Glasgow 格拉斯哥（苏格兰中南部）gradient 梯度/倾斜的graduation 分级刻度毕业grant 同意准予承认granular 颗粒状的granular activate carbon 颗粒状活性炭gravel 沙砾沙砾层grease 油脂贿赂grid 隔栅网格grit 粗砂；研磨grooved coupling of pipeline沟槽式连接管道guarantee 保证、担保、保证书）Hhabitat （动植物）的生活环境。

brsion磨损brsive研磨剂、研磨的ccelerted grvity settling加速重力沉降cclimtiztion驯化、环境适应性cidic酸的、酸性的、cidiy使酸化、变酸cidogenic引起酸化的ctivted crbon活性炭ctivted sludge process活性污泥工艺dhesion附着力、胶粘dsorbte被吸附物dsorbent吸附剂dsorption吸附dsorption isotherm吸附等温线dvnced oxidtion高级氧化dvnced oxidtion process（OPs）高级氧化工艺dvnced tretment高级处理dvection水平对流erted lgoon曝气塘erobic好氧的、需氧的inity亲和力ter-cooler二次冷却器、后冷却器gr琼脂ggregtion聚合、集合体ging衰老、老化ir diuser气体扩散器ir lit气升泵ir stripping空气吹脱、气提lcohol distilltion酒精蒸馏lg 藻类、海藻lginte藻酸盐lignment定线、对准、成直线lkline碱性的lklinity 碱度llowble geometric suction hed o the pump安装高度 llowble vcuumetric hed允许真空高度lum明矾luminte铝酸盐luminosilicte硅酸铝luminum sulte 硫酸铝mino cid氨基酸 mino sugr氨基糖mmoni氨、氨水mmonium铵mino氨基的nion阴离子nerobic厌氧的nerobic digestion厌氧消化noxic缺氧的ntcid中和酸性的、抗酸性nthrcite无烟煤ntibiotics抗生素、抗生学perture 孔、孔径、缝隙pplince器具用具pproch velocity行近流速ppurtennces附属设备quclude不透水层qutic水生的qutic lor水生植物区系queduct输水管quier含水层rchimeden阿基米德的rid干旱的、贫瘠的romtic芳族的、芬芳的rsenic砷rtesin自流井sbestos cement石棉水泥sh pit灰坑ssy化验ssimilte吸收、同化tomic bsorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光谱测量tomizer喷雾器ttrition磨耗、磨损uger pump螺旋泵uthorise批准utotrophic自养的uxiliry辅助的bcksiphonge倒虹吸bckwshing反冲洗bcteri细菌bcterium细菌bcteriologicl 细菌学的bcteriophge噬菌体bllst整流器bllsted locculent settling加重絮凝沉淀ble挡板bllsting gent加重剂brrier屏障、潜堰brium钡brometric 大气压力的bseline基线bsic基本的、碱性的btch rector序批式反应器、间歇式反应器belt ilter带式滤机bench-scle小型的（台架规模）benzene ring 苯环bicrbonte重碳酸盐bidet坐浴盆、净身盆bind凝固BOD（biochemicl oxygen demnd）生化需氧量biodegrdble生物可降解的bioilter生物滤池biologicl tretment生物处理biomss（单位面积或体积内）生物量biopolymer 生物聚合物biostimulnt生物刺激物质biotowers塔式生物滤池biotoxicity 生物毒性bisulite亚硫酸氢盐blsturnce slg高炉灰渣boiler锅炉、汽锅blst urnce（鼓风）炉block nd tckle滑轮（组）bonding压焊、粘合、连接boosting 增压bore汽缸筒、钻孔、孔bound wter结合水brckish咸味的brek cistern 中间水箱brekpoint chlorintion折点加氯brewery酿酒厂、啤酒厂brine盐水Brownin motion布朗运动bucket桶buering cpcity缓冲能力building block 构件、结构单元bulk density堆积密度、松密度bulking sludge膨胀污泥butyric cid丁酸bypss旁通管byproduct副产品cdmium镉clcium钙clcium crbonte碳酸钙clcium crbonte precipitte碳酸钙沉淀物cnl导管、槽、沟渠cpillry毛细管、毛细作用cpitl投资crbohydrte 碳水化合物、糖类crbon碳CO2(Crbon dioxide)二氧化碳crbonceous碳质的、含碳的crbonte碳酸盐crboniztion干馏、碳化（物）crboxyl羧基crboxylic 羧基的crcinogenic致癌物的csing泵壳cst iron铸铁、生铁ctlyst催化剂ctlytic converter催化转换器ctch bsin集水池、截流井、雨水口ctenry悬链线ction阳离子ctionic-exchnge resin阳离子交换树脂custic sod苛性钠cell inclusion细胞内含物cellulose纤维素cellulose cette醋酸纤维素cement水泥centrl heting集中供暖centriugtion离心法、离心分离centriuge 离心分离机cess pool污水坑、粪坑chbzite菱沸石chin链条chnnel流道、渠道、河床chnneliztion管【渠】道化chrge neutrliztion电中和check vlve 止回阀、单向阀、逆止阀chemicl oxidtion化学氧化COD（chemicl oxygen demnd）化学需氧量chemicl precipittion化学沉淀chemicl scrubber化学洗涤塔chlormine氯胺chloride氯化物chlorinted hydrocrbon氯化烃chloroorm氯仿chloro-orgnic compound氯化有机化合物chloropltinte氯铂酸盐chromte 铬酸盐chromtogrphy层析、色谱（法）chromium铬chronic toxicity慢性毒性chute斜管、滑槽cistern水塔、蓄水池cly黏土、泥土clinoptilolite斜发沸石cloud o ions电子云corse screen粗格栅cogulnt混凝剂colesce凝聚、聚结coblt钴、钴类颜料cocurrent下向流cogwheel齿轮coil线团、卷曲coliorm bcteri大肠型细菌coliphge大肠杆菌噬菌体collecting sewer污水支管collide碰撞colloidl胶体的、胶质的colony菌落column settling test 沉降柱试验combined sewer合流制下水道comminutor粉碎机（污水预处理）compctor压缩器、夯具compct lyer压缩层comprtmentliztion区分、分格化complete-mix完全混合式complex络合物、配合物、复合体composing堆制肥料composite合成的、复合的composition合成物、成分compost堆肥、混合肥料composted sludge堆肥compression coupling压紧联轴节compression settling压缩沉淀concentrte集中、浓缩concentrtion浓缩、浓度concentrtion dierences浓度差concentrtion polriztion浓差极化condenstion冷凝作用、凝结作用condenser冷凝器conduit管道、沟渠、喷泉、导管conined quier承压含水层constituent构分、成分contctor接触器contminnt污染物、致污物contrctor承包人、订约人conventionl ertion传统曝气（指传统活性污泥法）convection current对流、运流conveyor传送机、运输机coordintion compound配位化合物copper铜corrosive腐蚀性的、腐蚀剂corrugtion波纹、起皱coupling联结、联轴器coulombic库仑定律的countercurrent上向流counterion补偿离子、带相反电荷的离子covlent bond 共价键crcking破裂、裂crne起重机crockery陶器、瓦器化cross-low横向流cross section横截面crush压碎、碾碎cryptosporidium prvum小隐孢子虫cultivte培养cumultive percent累计百分数cupbord橱cupronickel白铜、铜镍合金cutwy剖面图cyst胞、包囊、膀胱dlton道尔顿（质量单位）deerte脱气debris悬浮泥沙decnt滗水decnter滗析器decy腐朽、衰减decying vegettion腐殖质decomposition分解、腐烂degresing脱脂（法）、除油（法）deleterious有毒的、有害的denitriiction 反硝化作用deplete耗尽derivtive衍生物、导数、派生词deslintion除盐作用dessicnt干燥剂destbilize脱稳detention time停留时间deteriorte恶化detrimentl有害的digrmmtic图表的、概略的dil刻度盘、转盘dilysis渗析diphrgm隔膜dirrhe腹泻dichromte重铬酸盐diuse lyer扩散层diuser分散器diusion扩散、传播diusivity扩散率、扩散能力digestion消化【作用】、老化digestor消化池dimethylnitrosmine二甲基亚硝胺dipole双极子、偶极dischrge流量、排除、排放discourge阻碍discrete prticle settling离散颗粒沉降disinection消毒dislodge移动、清除、取出dispersion扩散、弥散（现象）disposl处理、处置dissocite分离、游离dissocition溶解、分解、离解DO（dissolved oxygen）溶解氧distilltion蒸馏、蒸馏法、蒸馏物distillery蒸馏间、酿酒厂divlent二价的divinybenzene二乙烯苯domestic wstewter（sewer）生活废水、家庭污水donor供体、原料物质dosge剂量、配药、用量dosing定量给料drg coeicient阻力系数dringe ditch排水沟dringe pump排水泵drwdown水位降低drw o排除（水）、撤退drw-o tp放水龙头drughtproo不透风的dry wether low枯季流量dul wter systems双水道系统dump倾倒、垃圾堆dyestu染料ecologicl生态学的、社会生态学的eddy漩涡edible oil食用油eluent流出的、废水、污水、排水渠ejector（jet pump）射流泵electrode电极、焊条electrodilysis（ED）电渗析electrokinetic电动的、动电学的electrolyte 电解质、电解液electrosttic orce静电力electrotherml电热的elevted tnk 高位水池、高架水箱ellipsoid椭圆体em bbr（electromotive orce）电动势encse封闭、嵌入end product终产物endogenous respirtion内源呼吸energetics热力学、动能学enterovirus肠道病毒entrp截留enzyme酶equivlent rction当量份数Escherichi coli大肠埃希氏菌eutrophiction富营养化作用evcute疏散、排泄evportion蒸发（作用）evpotrnspirtion土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量exclusion排除、去除excrement排泄物、大便exiltrtion漏出、渗出extended ertion延时曝气extrct提炼、萃取extrction 萃取bric建筑物、构造ecl排泄物的eces粪屎eedlot饲育场erment酵素、发酵ermenttion发酵erric三价铁、含铁的errous亚铁的、含铁的iberglss玻璃纤维iberglss reinorced plstic玻璃纤维强化塑料ilmentous bcteri丝状菌ilter滤池蝇iltrte过滤、筛选、滤出液iltrtion过滤ine screen细格栅ixed growth system固定式生长系统lnged joint法兰连接lexibility弹性、适应性lotble可浮起的loc絮体locculnt絮凝剂loccultion絮凝lottion thickener气浮浓缩luctution波动、起伏luy松散的luid bed流化床lume水槽、斜槽、水道luoride氟化物lux通量orce min压力干管orced ventiltion 强制通风ormzin福尔马肼oul污秽的、淤塞的ouling污垢rctionte使分馏ree hydroxyl rdicl自由羟基reon氟利昂riction摩擦（力）ullwy vlve全开阀ungi真菌类urnce炉子、熔炉glvnic电流的glvnized电镀的、镀锌的grnet石榴石、深红色gs chromtogrphy 气相色谱gsket垫圈gstroenteritis肠胃炎gstrointestinl trct胃肠道ger 齿轮、传动装置、换挡、调整gel凝胶体genertion产生、【世】代genetic遗传的、起源的germicidl有杀菌力的geomembrne土工膜、隔泥网膜glnd填料盖、密封装置glss reinorced polyester玻璃纤维增强聚酯GRP：glss reinorcedplstic玻璃钢grdient梯度、坡度、倾斜的grduted cylinder量筒grin颗粒、细粒grnite花岗岩grnulr粒状的grnulr ctivted crbon（GC）粒状活性炭grnule 颗粒、细粒grting栅栏grvel砂砾grvity thickener重力浓缩池grese油脂grind磨碎grinder研磨机grit粗砂grit chmber沉砂池groundwter地下水gullet水槽、水落管、海峡hil冰雹、致敬hl rection potentil半反应电势hndril栏杆、扶手hsten加速、促进hedloss水头损失heting coil加热盘管、加热旋管helminth 寄生虫heptitis肝炎hermeticlly密封地heterotroph异养生物heterotrophic异养的hindered settling拥挤沉淀hinge铰链hoist起重机hollow iber membrne 中空纤维膜hook吊钩hopper加料斗hormone荷尔蒙、激素hose水龙带、软管humidity湿气、湿度hycinth水葫芦hydrted lime熟石灰、氢氧化钙hydrulic 水力学hydrogen氢hydrogen bstrction rection夺氢反应hydrogen bonding 氢键结合hydrogen ion ctivity氢离子活性（度）hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）过氧化氢hydrogen sulide硫化氢hydrologic水文的hydrology水文学、水文地理学hydrolysis水解hydrolyzed metl ions水解金属离子hydrogeologicl 水文地质的hydrophobic：wter-hting hydrophilic：wter-lovinghydroxyl hydrosttic静水力学的hydrosttic pressure 静水压力hydroxide氢氧化物、羟化物hydroxide氢氧化镁hydroxyptite羟磷灰石hydroxyl羟基、氢氧基hygro —【词头】湿、液体hygroscopic moisture吸湿水hypochlorite次氯盐酸hypochlorous cid次氯酸immiscible不能混合的、不能溶混的immunodeiciency免疫缺陷impeller叶轮impervious不透水的、不渗透的、密封的impurity杂质、混杂物inctivte灭活incident入射光incinerte焚烧incinertion焚烧incinertor焚化炉inclined plte settler斜板沉淀器inclined tube settler斜管沉淀器indictor 指示剂inducded velocity诱导速度inductively诱导地inert惰性的inertil 惯性的inertil orces惯性力inectious易传染的iniltrtion渗透inrstructure下部构造inhibitory抑制的inoculte接种、嫁接insulted隔热的、绝缘的intke pipe吸水管、取水管intke pump取水泵intensity强度、强烈itertive迭代的、重复的interception拦截、截留interceptor截砂阱interceptor sewer截流管道、污水（管）截砂阱intermedite hydrolysis中间水解interstitil空隙的、形成空隙的intestinl trct肠道intrusion闯入iodine number碘值iodo-（构词成分）碘ion离子ion exchnge离子交换ioniztion离子化、电离ion-selective membrne离子选择性膜irreversibility 不可逆性irrigtion灌溉、冲洗irritnt刺激物isoelectric point等点电isomorphous replcement同晶置换jellylike胶体状的kinemtic运动学的kinemtic viscosity动力黏性lg滞后、用隔热材料保护lgoon污水塘lminr层流的lndill垃圾填埋lndill lechte填埋沥滤液lndscpe wtering景观水lnthnum镧ltent het潜热lterl 支管线、侧部lttice structure晶格结构lvtory厕所、洗脸盆、浴室lying 布置、敷设、瞄准lyout规划、设计、布局图lechte沥出液、沥滤液led铅legionell军团菌lid盖子、顶、罩lignd配位体、配合基lignin木质素liner interpoltion线性内插法liner衬垫、衬里locl resistnce局部阻力lysis溶胞、溶菌mcertor切碎机、浸渍器mcroloccultion同向絮凝mcromolecule大分子、高分子mgnesium monel蒙乃尔铜-镍合金min总干管、电网、电源mkeup wter补充水mlodorous有恶臭的mngnese锰mnhole检查井、检修孔mnure肥mrsh湿地、沼泽地mss curve累积曲线mss spectrometry质谱测量、质谱分析料mtrix基体、基质metpcking肉类加工业mechnism机理membrne膜、隔膜membrne biorector膜生物反应器membrne iltrtion膜滤mercptn硫醇mercury汞、水银mesh网孔、网丝mesophilic嗜温的、中温的metbolism新陈代谢、变形metl plting nd inishing金属电镀与表面精整meteorologicl气象（学）的methne 沼气methnogenesis甲烷生成methnogenic bcteri产甲烷菌methnol甲醇micelle胶态离子、微团、胶囊microbil growth微生物增长microiltrtion微滤microloccultion异向絮凝microorgnism微生物micropore微孔microscreen 微筛millimpere毫安培mine dringe矿山排水mishndling违规操作MLSS：mixed-liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体浓度MLVSS：mixed-liquor voltile suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度module基本单位、模数molr extinction coeicient摩尔消光系数moleculr weight cuto截留分子量molybdte钼酸盐monomer单体monoril hoist单轨吊车monovlent单价的mortr 砂浆、胶泥multiple herth多炉膛multiple herth incinerte多段焚烧炉multiply繁殖、增加multistge lsh evportion多级闪蒸mutgenic诱变的nnoiltrtion（N）纳滤nephelometric浊度计的Nernst potentil能斯脱电位neutrlize使中和、压制nickel镍nitrte硝酸盐nitriiction硝化作用nitrogen 氮nitrogenous含氮的nitron氮NDM（n-nitrosodimethylmine）N-亚硝基二甲胺nocrdi诺卡式菌属、土壤丝菌属nomenclture术语、命名法noninectious 无传染性的nonionizing不电离的nonpoint source非点源nonpotble use非饮用的利用NRV：non-return vlve单向阀、止回阀nonvoltile非挥发性的normlity 标准状态、当量浓度noxious有毒的nozzle管口、喷嘴nutrient有营养的oblte扁平的、扁圆的observtion well观测井odor气味o pek额定的、正常的、非峰值的oset支管、乙字管olction嗅觉olctory嗅觉的oocyst卵囊opque 不透明物、不传热的operble pump工作泵operting regime工作（操作）体制orgnism生物体、有机体orthokinetic loccultion同向絮凝（作用）orthophosphte正磷酸盐osmotic渗透性的osmotic pressure渗透压outge停机、停电outll排水口、河口ov：ovum的复数，卵子overlow溢流overlow rte 溢流率overlnd low地表径流oxidtion氧化oxidtion ditch system氧化沟系统oxidtion-reduction rection氧化还原反应oxide氧化物oxidizing gent 氧化剂oxygen氧ozone臭氧prllel br平行棒prent compound母体化合物prshll巴歇尔氏测流量装置prticulte微粒、颗粒pthogen病原体pthogenic致病的、病原的PCB多氯联苯peikinetic loccultion异向絮凝（作用）perceptible显而易见的、可察觉的perchloroethylene全氯乙烯perorted plte 多孔板perormed预制成的、预成型的化氢periodic tble（元素）周期表permngnte高锰酸盐permebility渗透性permemeter渗透仪permselectivity选择透过性permetion渗入、透过perspective view透视图perturbtion混乱、小扰动peroxyl（hydrogenperoxide）过氧petri dish培养皿piesteri piscicid幽灵藻phrmceuticl医药品phenolic酚的、石碳酸的phosphte磷酸盐phosphorus磷photolysis光分解、光解作用photometer光度计phretic surce浅层地下水面phyto-【词头】植物phytometer植物剂piezometer压力计、压强计pilot-plnt中试厂pipeline 管道（线）piping gllery管廊piston活塞pit坑pivot枢轴、支点plnt植物、车间、设备、培养plque斑点plsm等离子体、原生质、血浆plstic luid塑性流体plte nd rme板框式plting电镀pleted crtridge ilter折叠滤芯过滤器plug-low柱塞流plumbo solvency溶铅力plunger潜水者、活塞plunger pump 活塞泵pneumtic气压的、气动的、装满空气的point source点源polrity极性polriztion极化（作用）、偏振（现象）poliomyelitis小儿麻痹症poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒polishing process精处理法polluntnt污染物质polyluminum chloride聚合氯化铝polymide聚酰胺polyelectrolyte聚合（高分子）电解质polyester聚酯polyiron chloride聚合氯化铁polymeric聚合的、聚合体的polymeriztion聚合polyphosphte聚磷酸盐polypropylene聚丙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯polyvinyl聚乙烯化合物polyvinyl chloride聚氯乙烯ponding积水、蓄水porosity孔隙率port端口、入口positive-displcement-type pump容积式泵potssium钾potentil determining ions决定电位离子powdered ctivted crbon（PC）粉末活性炭prechlorintion预加氯precipitte沉淀物、沉淀precipittion沉淀（作用）、沉积物、降水（量）prehydrolized预水解的preliminry tretment预处理premises房产、房屋、前提、前言pressure pipe 压水管primry tretment初级处理probbility概率、可能性procretion生产、生殖PLC：Progrm Logic Control程序逻辑控制prolte扁长的prolierte增生扩散propeller pump螺旋泵、轴流泵property器材、财产、物品、性质propionic cid丙酸protein蛋白质proton质子protozon原生动物pulp nd pper纸浆与造纸pump drin pit积水坑、排水坑putrescent将腐烂的、腐败的putrescible 易腐烂的putrescibility易腐烂pyrolysis高温分解quicklime生石灰quiescent静止的rditor散热器、辐射体rgged粗糙的ril hoist桥式吊车rinll雨量、降雨rke 耙子rm活塞rech河段regent试剂receptcle容器recess凹槽reclmtion驯化、回收、改良red het赤热状态redox氧化还原作用reduce stte还原态reduced mteril还原性物质reducing gent还原剂rerctory难降解的、难熔的rerigernt 制冷剂、制冷的reuse废物、垃圾、拒绝regenernt再生剂regenertion再生regulte调节、控制reinorce-concrete钢筋混凝土renovte更新、修复repulsive orce排斥力reserve pump备用泵residue残留物、剩余物restbitiztion再稳定restornt恢复剂retentte（在渗析过程中未能通过半透膜而被保留的）截留物、滞留物retention time停留时间retort蒸器、曲颈瓶reverse osmosis反渗透Reynolds number雷诺数rim边、轮缘rinse漂洗、冲洗rotor叶轮、转子runo径流（量）、流量、流出rupture破裂slinity含盐量、咸度、盐浓度smpling port取样口snitry公共厕所snitry sewer生活污水管道snitry wste生活废水sturtion饱和度scle盐垢scling缩放比例sctter分散、散开scttered离散的、分散的scttered light散射光scvengerscrew螺丝钉、螺孔、螺旋桨scourin洗涤、冲刷screenings筛渣、筛余物screw pump螺旋（杆）泵清洗剂、净化剂scum浮渣、铁渣、泡沫seling压实填料secondry tretment二级处理sedimenttion沉淀、沉降seep渗出、渗漏selenium硒sel-priming自吸semirid半干旱的semiconductor半导体semipermeble membrne半透膜sensory感官的、感觉的seprte sewer分流制下水道sequencing bth rector（SBR）序批式反应器settling column沉降柱sewer污水管sewerge排水工程sewerge system排水系统、排水工程storm sewer雨水管strter启动器（钮）strtum地层stormwter collection line暴雨收集管线speciied（技术规范中）规定的speci ic yield单位水产量sleet雨夹雪supericil表面的subterrnen地下的surce wter地表水sink洗涤盆、污水池、接收器simulte模拟swmplnd沼泽地sloppy湿透的、液体的、水多的suluric cid硫酸stbilize稳定sulur硫sodium钠sludge沉泥、淤泥synthesis合成、综合sodium nitrte硝酸钠sterile无菌的suction抽气、吸入subctchment子流域subsurce表面下的、地下的SI units国际标准单位sprocket链轮stringy纤维的 slide滑动、幻灯片sluice水闸、泄水管、水力冲泄swirl涡状形 sump污水坑、集水池silt淤泥、泥沙、煤粉、残渣sticky黏性的 slipping plne滑动面 surce chrge表面电荷side rection副反应synthetic orgnic polymer合成有机聚合物surce-ctive gent表面活性剂synthetic detergent合成清洁剂structurl imperection结构性缺陷solid line实线Shultz-Hrdy rule苏采—哈代原则strch淀粉slurry泥浆、浆 sweep loc扫沉絮体、沉淀型絮体speciic grvity 比重surce loding表面负荷solids lux固体通量stry分散的、杂散的 subside下沉、沉淀 subsidence curve沉降曲线sieve nlysis 筛分析strining筛滤、隔滤striner滤网、过滤器spent用尽、失去效能的sorption吸着【作用】stgnnt停滞的supericil velocity 表观速度、空塔速度shock lod冲击负荷stndrd potentil标准电势sulide硫化物swell膨胀、增大styrene苯乙烯scle-up按比例增加、扩大 septicity腐败性settling velocity：SV污泥沉降比shrink收缩、缩短stripping tower汽提塔stormwter runo暴雨径流solvent溶剂、溶媒spirl-wound memberne卷式膜solute溶质subsurce quier地下含水层spectroscopic分光镜的 singlet oxygen纯态氧stbiliztion pond稳定塘sludge volume index：SVI 污泥容积指数stining着色substrte培养基SRT：solids rection time superntnt（liquor）上层清夜slime黏液、黏土snil蜗牛slough 脱落 siphon虹吸管stle尿subloor底板sidewter depth边墙水深struvite鸟粪石solid bowl无孔转鼓（离心机的）soil dditive土壤添加剂step ertion阶段曝气stgntion停滞 spce heting环流供暖、空间加热sterilize消毒siting定线、建筑工地选择slot闸门槽、投币口sttic lit静扬程sleeve bering滑动轴承、套筒轴承spout喷管、管口、水柱swivel旋转speciiction说明书、规范spigot 栓、龙头、插口 socket ndspigot joint承插接头solder焊料、焊接spillover溢出管、溢出shredder粉碎机spillwy泄洪道、溢洪道submersible electric pump潜水电泵stoplog挡板、闸板stopcock 活塞、活栓tp开关、龙头tr焦油、柏油tee三通tencious whitish bioilm白色坚韧的生物膜terminl终端、终点站、接线端terrin地形tertiry tretment三级处理the design level设计水位TDS（the totl dissolved solids）总溶解性固体TSS（the totl suspended solids）总悬浮性固体therml热的、热量的therml gittion热搅动thermodynmic热力学的thermophilic喜温的、嗜热的、高温的thermostt恒温器、温度调节装置thermosttic温度调节装置的、恒温的thiosulte硫代硫酸盐（酯）thiothrix丝硫细菌属throughput生产能力、产量tile瓦片、瓷砖tin锡tint with给…染色titrte用滴定法测量、滴定法被测溶液titrtion滴定totl Kjeldhl nitrogen总基耶达氮trce微量、示踪trnsition metl过渡金属trnsitionl过度的trnsmembrne pressure跨膜压力trnsmissivity透射比、透射率trnsmit遗传、传播、透射、传输trnspirtion 蒸腾作用、蒸发（物）散发trsh垃圾、废物trench排水沟、沟渠trichloroethylene（TCE）三氯乙烯trickling ilter滴滤池trihlomethne三卤甲烷trivlent三价的trough水槽tube settler斜管沉淀池tundish漏斗tunnel隧道、隧洞turbidimeter浊度计turbidity浊度、浑浊turbulence紊流、紊乱turbulent紊流的turndown关闭ultriltrtion超滤ultrviolet rdition紫外线辐射unconined quier潜水含水层underdrin地下排水道union活接、联轴器unvented未放气的upgrde上升、浓缩ure尿素urinl小便池utensil器具vcuum pump真空泵vlve阀、电子管、真空管vn der Wls orce范德华力vporiztion 汽化、蒸发【作用】vrible-requency变频ventiltion通风、换气venture文丘里管vible可行的、能生育的virl病毒的virus病毒、滤过性微生物viscosity 黏度、黏性void rction孔隙率、空隙率void rtio孔隙率voltile挥发性的、不稳定性的、爆炸性的voltile tty cid挥发性脂肪酸Vs（voltile tty cids）挥发性脂肪酸VOCs（voltile orgnic compounds）挥发性有机化合物vortex seprtor旋流分离器wsher洗衣机（人）wstewter 废水wter closet厕所、盥洗室wter hmmer水锤wter jcket水套wter tble地下水位wterborne水传染的wtershed流域weld 焊接weir堰wet pit集水井、湿井、排水井wetwell吸水井、湿井wholesome 卫生的、有益的、健康的winch绞车、绞盘wire mesh金属丝网worm蚯蚓zeolite沸石zet potentil ζ电位zinc锌zone settling成层沉降。

给排水专业英语汇总 The following text is amended on 12 November 2020.UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering排水工程 sewetage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water新鲜水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 wastewater废水 abwasser废水收集 wastewater collection废水处理 wastewater disposal受纳水体 receivingwaters污染 pollutionpollute污染物 pollntant玷污、污染contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 waterpollution control水污染防治 waterpollution prevention污水回用 wastewaterreuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surfacewater resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supplysystem市政配水系统 municipaldistribution system建筑给水系统house watersupply system分区供水系统 dualdistribution system小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold watersupply system热水供水系统 hot watersupply system消防系统 fireprotection system喷淋系统 fire protectionsprinkler system自动水幕系统 automaticdrencher system半自动水幕系统semi automaticdrencher system消火栓 hydrant排水系统 drainagesystem生活排水系统 sanitarysystem工业排水系统 industrialsystem雨水排水系统 stormwatersystem合流制 combined sewers分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 buildingdrainage system卫生洁具 plumbingfixtures卫浴设备 bathroomfixtures输水系统 watertransmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 waterdistribution system环状管网 grid system支状管网 branchingsystem下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 interceptingsewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井 sewageintercepting cell支管 collection sewercollector sewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomesticsewagedomesticwastewater工业污水 industrialwastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水 agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation 坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 excavation深度 excavation depth 水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head 水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station 提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system 流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow 过渡流 Transitional flow 湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow 涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-waterquality水质标准 Water qualitystandards水质要求 Water qualityrequirements饮用水 Drinkwater\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking waterstandards饮用水一级标Primarydrinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmumpermissible levelsmaxmumallowable levels最大污染物浓度 Maxmumcontaminant levels主要污染物 Primarycontaminants有机化合物 Organicchemicals合成有机化合物 Syntheticorganic chemicals挥发性有机化合物 Volatileorganic ohemicals无机化合物 Inorganicchemical微生物 Microorganisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbialcontaminants病原微生物 Pathogenicmicro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliformbacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Estheticqualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physicalparameters of water quality水的物理性质 Physicalquality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odornumber化学性质 Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemicalparameters of water quality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen(DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧损 Oxygen depletion有机污染物 Organicpollutant生化需氧量 Biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahlnitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体 Suspended solids(SS)总悬浮固体 Totalsuspended solids (TSS)溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved(TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolvediron and manganese硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity慢性毒性 Chronic toxity 基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 基因 Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide除草剂 Herbicide杀菌剂 Germicide细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent洗涤剂 Detergent发泡剂 Foaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication 营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing 收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method处理费用 Treatment costs处理单元 Treatment process运行模式 Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batchtreatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalizationstorage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physicaltreatment物理处理过程 Physicaltreatment process一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminarytreatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circulargrinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settlingtank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondarytreatment二级处理工艺 Secondarytreatment process生物处理 Biologicaltreatment二澄清池 Secondaryclarifier二沉池 Secondary settlingtank最终澄清池 Finalclarifier最终沉淀池 Final settlingtank二级出水 Secondaryeffluent三级处理 Tertiarytreatment深度处理 Advancedtreatment废水消毒 Wastedisinfection出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-qualitypolished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewatertreatment plant污水处理厂 Sewagetreatment plant二级处理厂 Secondarytreatment plant城市污水处理Municipalwastewater treatment市政工程 Municipalengineering土木工程 Civilengineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewatertreatment plant污水处理能力 Sewagetreatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施 Municipaltreatment facilities多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading污染负荷 Pollutant load 有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷 Inorganic load 不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulation process化学混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid 聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer 混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank 絮凝器 n. flocculator 絮凝池 flocculation tank 固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rateclarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hinderedsettling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangularsettling tank圆形沉淀池 circularsettling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池 steeplyinclined tube settler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plateseparator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation溶气气浮 dissolved-airfloatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n.presedimentation预沉淀池 presedimentationbasin3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 highrate filter砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sandfilter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filtermedium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceousearth煤—砂滤床 coal-sandbeds多层滤料 multilayeredmedia混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual mediafilter双层滤池 two-layerfilter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filteredwater滤后水，滤池出水 filtereffluent滤前水，滤池进水 filterinfluent浊度穿透 turbiditybreakthrough过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulicbackwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulicbackwash水力分级 hydraulicgrading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物 by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gamma radiation灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,freeavailable chlorine化合氯 combinedchlorine剩余保护 residual protection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorineresidual自由余氯 free residualchlorine自由氯余量 freechlorine residual化合余氯 combinedresidual chlorine化合氯余量 combinedchlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线 breakpointchlorination curve折点加氯量 breakpointdosage氯折点 chlorinebreakpoint压力钢瓶 pressuredsteel cylinder臭氧发生器 ozonegenerator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozoneresidual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenicmicroorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria orviruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliformbacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebiccysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strongoxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP)advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺 (AOP)advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP)advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidationtechnology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activatedcarbon粉末炭 (PAC) powderedactivated carbon粒状炭 (GAC) granularactivated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granularactivated carbon活性炭纤维 (ACF)activated carbon fiber再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bedcontact time吸附带 mass transferzone快速小柱试验 rapid smallscale column test生物活性炭 (BAC)biological activated carbon7．离子交换 n. ionexchange离子交换树脂 ionexchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchangecolumn硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemicalsoftening沉淀软化 precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membrane separation微滤 n.microfiltration超滤 n.hyperfiltration纳滤 n.nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane电渗析 n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n.neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes 化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling冷却水 cooling water冷却塔 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群 microbialpopulation混合群落 mixedcommunities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth繁殖 n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmentalfactors生态因子 ecologicalfactors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期 lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期 declinggrowth phase稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenousgrowth phase内源呼吸 endogenousrespiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biologicalreaction生物氧化 biologicaloxidation生物降解 n.biodegradation生物降解性 n.biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a.nonbiodegradable生物处理 biologicaltreatment废水生物处理biological wastewatertreatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewatertreatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatmentsystem生物处理法 biologicaltreatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatmentprocesses生物固体 biologicalsolids活性污泥 activatedsludge附着生长处理法 attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物 attachedmicrobes微生物附着生长 attachedmicrobial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n.stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biologicalmetabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism 好氧的 a. aerobic 好氧菌 aerobic bacteria 好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 厌氧的 a. anaerobic 厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 兼性的 a. facultative 兼性菌 facultative bacteria 好氧环境 aerobic environment 厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 营养物 n. nutrients 无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 营养物去除 nutrient removal 营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 生物硝化 biological nitrification 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 细菌 n. bacteria 生物絮体 biological floc 微生物絮体 microbial floc 活性污泥 activated sludge 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 回流污泥 returned sludge 回流污泥 recycled sludge 剩余污泥 excess sludge 废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge 废污泥 waste sludge 曝气池 aeration tank 曝气池 aeration basin 曝气池 aeration chamber 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank 曝气 n. aeration 混合 n. mixing 曝气系统 aeration system 曝气器 n. aerator 压缩空气 compressed air 空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor 鼓风机，风机 n. blower 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover 扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser 鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser 微气泡扩散装置（扩散器） fine-bubble diffuser 扩散板 plate diffuser 扩散管 tube diffuser 扩散罩 dome diffuser 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration 微气泡 fine-bubble 大气泡 coarse-bubble 静态混合器 static mixer 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems 机械曝气 mechanical aeration 表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator 需氧量 oxygen demand 供气量 air supply 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 可沉降固体 settleable solids 挥发性固体 volatile solids 非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids 挥发性悬浮固体 (VSS) volatile suspended solids 混合液 mixed liquor 混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids 混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids 污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity 污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludge volume index 比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate 污泥龄 sludge age 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume 曝气时间 aeration period 曝气时间 aeration time 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 水力负荷 hydraulic loading BOD 负荷 BOD loading 普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontalrotor转刷曝气 rotor aeration 笼型转刷 caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法) adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) process SBR法 SBR process序批式反应器 (SBR)sequencing batch reactor(SBR)序批式反应器 (SBR)sequential batch reactor初沉 primaryclarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondaryclarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondaryclarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activatedsludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clearwater上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decantmechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idlephase营养物去除 nutrientremoval营养物生物去除 biologicalnutrient removal碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifyingbacteria反硝化 n.denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n.denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法)anoxic-oxicprocess厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 nitrogen andphosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobicammonium oxidation生物除磷 biologicalphosphorus removal膜生物反应器 (MBR)membranebiological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilmreactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n.biofiltration旋转布水器 rotarysprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 tricklingfilter高负荷生物滤池 high-ratefilter塔式生物滤池 towerbiofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF)biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodiscprocess生物转盘 rotatingbiological contactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biological slime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed 生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)moving-bedbiofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methaneformers ,methane-forming bacteria 有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffledreactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicbiotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobicbiotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenicphase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobicdigestion污泥消化 sludgedigestion厌氧消化池 anaerobicdigestor厌氧接触法 anaerobiccontact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobicfluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotatingbiological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统 naturalpurification system稳定塘 stabilizationpondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 landtreatment systems废水土地处理 landtreatment of wastewater净化过程 purificationprocess自然净化 naturalpurification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilizationpondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应 aerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解 decomposeanaerobically好氧稳定 aerobicstabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopicplants出流，出水 effluentflow光合作用 n.photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturationlagoon深度处理塘 advancedtreatment pond三级处理塘 tertiarytreatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes关键因素 criticalfactors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 landtreatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate landtreatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate landtreatment system三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes 湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewagesludge污泥体积，污泥量 sludgevolume原污泥，生污泥 rawsludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 freshsludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimatedisposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volumereduction污泥稳定化 sludgestabilization（污泥）浓缩 n.thickening污泥浓缩 sludgethickening稳定，稳定化 n.stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节） n.conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge dryingbed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n.incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉 n.incinerator污泥浓缩 sludgethickening物理过程 physicalprocess含水过多的污泥 waterysludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravitythickening重力浓缩池 gravitythickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewagesedimentation tank刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirringaction底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickenedunderflow浓缩污泥 thickenedsludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatationthickening溶气气浮 dissolved-airfloatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influentsludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floatingsludge layer污泥消化 sludgedigestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digesterunit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemicaldecomposition好氧消化 aerobicdigestion好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or 延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digestersupernatant中温消化 mesophilicdigestion高温消化 thermophilicdegestion污泥脱水 sludgedewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overallsludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surfacewater resource地下水资源 groundwaterresource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewaterreuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用 directwastewater reuse间接回用 indirectreuse间接废水回用 indirectwastewater reuse出水处理 effluenttreatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partialtreatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipalwastewater reuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscapeirrigation地下水回灌 groundwaterrecharge市政回用 municipalreuse直接市政回用 directmunicipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统 dual-distribution system间接市政回用 indirectmunicipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力 naturalassimilative capacity人工回灌 artificialrecharge深井注射 deep-wellinjection浅表布水 shallowsurface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrialreuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水 cooling towerwater选择性处理 optionaltreatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimedmunicipal wastewater工业过程 industrialprocesses冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boilerfeedwater灌溉回用 irrigationreuse废水直接灌溉directirrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用 indirectreuse for irrigation废水排放 wastewaterdischarge雨水回用 storm water reuse可回用水 reusable water Part Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation and maintenance运行控制 operational control控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。