(建议下载)最全给水排水专业英语单词表

9 主要术语说明9.1 排水工程 sewerage engineering,wasterwater engineering收集、输送、处理、再生和处置污水和雨水的工程。

9.2 排水系统 sewer system收集、输送、处理、再生和处置污水和雨水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。

9.3 排水制度 sewerage system在一个地区内收集和输送城镇污水和雨水的方式。

它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式。

9.4 排水设施 wastewater facilities排水工程中的管道、构筑物和设备等的统称。

9.5 合流制 combined system用同一管渠系统收集和输送城镇污水和雨水的排水方式。

9.6 分流制 separate system用不同管渠系统分别收集和输送各种城镇污水和雨水的排水方式。

9.7 城镇污水 urban wastewater城镇中排放各种污水和废水的统称，它由综合生活污水、工业废水和入渗地下水三部分组成。

在合流制排水系统中，还包括被截留的雨水。

9.8 城镇污水系统 urban wastewater system收集、输送、处理、再生和处置城镇污水的设施以一定方式组合成的总体。

9.9 城镇污水污泥 urban wastewater sludge城镇污水系统中产生的污泥。

9.10 流污水 dry weather flow，DWF合流制排水系统晴天时输送的污水。

9.11 生活污水 domestic wastewater，sewage居民生活活动所产生的污水。

主要是厕所、洗涤和洗澡产生的污水。

9.12 综合生活污水 comprehensive sewage由居民生活污水和公共建筑污水组成。

9.13 工业废水 industrial wastewater工业生产过程中产生的废水。

9.14 入渗地下水 infiltrated ground water通过管渠和附属构筑物破损处进入排水管渠的地下水。

Aabdicate退位放弃abrasi on 磨损absorb吸收吸引adsorb吸附abutti ng邻接的acclimation 驯化适应环境accommodate 容纳调禾口供应；适应acetic醋的乙酸的acidic酸的酸性的acreage英亩数面积act法令发案acute急性的剧烈的activate使激活使活动activated—sludge processes 活性污泥法adaptability 适应性address专注于致力于aeration曝气通风aerator曝气器aerobic好养的依靠氧气的aestheically感关上的美学观点上的affordability （经济上）可承受性agglomerate使成团使凝聚/大团大块/ 凝聚的agitate 搅动agitation搅动搅拌兴奋algae藻类海藻algal海藻的藻类的alkaline碱性的碱的alkalinity 碱度allot （按份额）分配分派alum明矶aluminum 铝ambie nt周围的倜围环境ambient water quality sdandard 水环境质量标准amend修正改正amendment修正案改正改善ammon ia 氨水ammon ium 铵an aerobic厌氧性的an aerobiosis厌氧生活an aerobic digester 厌氧消化池anion阴离子an io nic polyelectrolyte 阴离子聚合电解质antagonist敌手对手an thracite 无烟煤apparatus器械设备仪器apporti on 分配appropriation据为己有、占有n appropriator专有者、占用者appropriative专用的、可拨用的aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的aqueduct沟渠、导水管aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层arid干旱的、贫瘠的arse nic 砒霜artesian well喷水井自流井assess估计、评价atta in able可到达的可得到的attorney律师（业务或法律意义上的）代理人authorizati on 授权、认可Bbackup回溯备份backwash反洗反冲洗bacterial细菌的bacteriological细菌学上的、细菌学的bacterium 细菌baffle挡板导流板/阻碍barge驳船用船运输barium 钡basement地下室墙脚be en titled to有…的资格benzene 苯bicarb on ate重碳酸盐biochemical生物化学的bio-c ontact oxidati on process 生物接触氧化法biodegradable可生物降解的biological tower 生物塔滤biomass生物量blockage 圭寸锁妨碍堵塞blowoff valve排污阀排空阀bond粘接结合粘接剂brackish estuary 咸水河口branch system 枝状管网breakpo int chlora nati on 折点加氯breakthrough突破穿透brook trout 鮭鱼（大马哈鱼为其一种）burial埋葬淹没buried cast-iron pipeline 埋地铸铁管道buried premade con crete round pipeli ne 埋地预制砼圆形管道buried prestressedconcrete pipeline 埋地管芯缠丝预应力砼管buried rectan gular pipeli ne 埋地矩形管道buried steel sketel on polyethyle ne fule gas pipeline埋地钢骨架聚乙烯燃气管道buried unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipeline埋地聚氯乙稀管道Ccalico印花布白棉布carbohydrate碳水化合物糖类carb on ate 碳酸盐炭化carb on tetrachloride 四氯化碳carp鲤鱼carry —over n.遗留遗留物casebook个案记录簿catio n阳离子centrifugate以离心力分出之物ceramic陶器的陶瓷制品chlora mine 氯铵chloride氯化物chlorination 加氯消毒氯化chlorinator氯化机加氯机chlorine 氯气chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯chlorite亚氯酸盐cholera 霍舌L chromium 铬Cincinnati辛辛提那（美国俄亥俄州西南部城市）circumferentail 圆周地clam 蛤clarifier —flocculator 反应一澄清池clarification 澄清净化clarifier澄清池澄清器clay粘土泥土climax高潮顶点clog障碍堵塞coagula nt 混凝剂coagulate凝结凝结的coagulation混凝凝结凝结物coarse aggregate 粗糙骨料codify编成法典coliform大肠菌像大肠菌的collision冲突碰撞colloid胶体胶体的colloidal胶体的colloidal clay 胶质粘土combined chlorine residual 结合性余氯、化合性余氯combusti on 燃烧comme ntary 解说词comminution 粉碎comminutor 粉碎机compensate偿还补偿complex复杂的compusory必须的义务的condition 调质调理调节con ducive 有益于con erst one 基石基础configuration 构造结构配置consolidation 压实固结巩固conspicuously显著地超群地constraint强迫抑制约束con tact stabilizati on process 接触稳定工艺contaminate vt污染，弄脏n受到污染的、污染物致污物con tiguous邻近的、毗邻的continuity 连续性连贯性con tour轮廓等高线con troversial争论的争议的con vective 传送的、对流的conveyanee 运输输水运输工具copper pipeli ne 铜管corrugated使起波纹状的缩成皱纹状的criteri on (pl.criteria)标准、规范critical leveI临界水平临界浓度cross—flow横向流动crystallization 结晶化culinary厨房的烹调用的厨房用的culture培养培育cya nide氰化物Ddecay coefficie nt 衰减系数decomposition 分解腐烂definition定义、解说degasifier脱气器消除毒气剂degrade使降解使退化deioniz去除离子depict描述、描写depleti on 损耗deposit沉淀物堆积物存放堆积沉淀derivative引出的派生的事物desali nate 去处盐分、海水淡化desilt挖除淤泥沉砂dessicant干燥的干燥齐V desultory散漫的、簿连贯的dewater使脱水dewaterability 脱水能力dewpoint结露点diagram图表、图解diagrammatically 用图解法地diaphragm隔膜横隔膜膜片dichloramine 二氯铵dichloroetha ne 二氯乙烷dichloroethyle ne 二氯乙烯dichotomy两分、二分法、分裂digest消化分类摘要digester消化器消化池digestion消化领悟digestive tract 消化道dioxide二氧化物discard丢弃、放弃discharge流出排出流量放电discharger卸料器排污对象dis in fecati on byproducts 消毒畐U产品disinfection 消毒disperse使分散使散开疏散disposal处置处理dissolved oxyge n sag curves 氧垂曲线dissociate电离分离distill 蒸馏distribution system配水系统分配系统divers ion 转移、转换、绕道doctri ne教条、学说do justice to公平对待正确处理donwflow 向下流drain排水沟排水流干drain age排水排水区域排水装置droplet 小滴dropping滴下物兽粪ducal palace of Ven ice威尼斯公爵的宫殿dump倾倒垃圾倾泻durable持久的耐用的dwelling住宅、住处dynamic动力的动力学的动态的Eecological生态学的ecosystem生态系统effluent流出的流出物出水污水electrostatic静电的静电学的elicit得出、引出、抽出elucidate阐明、说明emerge ncy突发情况emerge ncy backup 事故储备eminent显赫的杰出的en doge nous内生的内生长的en doge nous growth phase 内源生长期endorse 签注（文件）认可签署enmeshment网捕包络卷扫en sue跟着发生，继起enteric 肠的en vir onmen tal环境的、周围的equilibria （n.pl.）均衡平衡equivale nt相等的等量的erode侵蚀腐蚀受腐蚀（vt&vi ）erosion腐蚀侵蚀Escherichia coli埃希式大肠菌esthetics 美学estuarine河口的江口的estuary 河口江口et al.等人及其他人（拉丁语）eutrophic富营养的eutrophication富营养化超营养作用evaporate使蒸发、消失evolve （使）发展放出释放excreme nt 排泄物大便excrete排泄分泌exhaust排气废气用尽耗尽extraneous无关系夕卜来的extra-thin-wall stainless steel and plastic composite pipeline超薄壁不锈钢复合管道Ffarmstead农场及其建筑物fatigue failure 疲劳破坏feeder进料器投加设备feeder main输水干管进水总管feedli ne进料管线feedstock给料加工原料feedwater供水补给水ferme ntatio n 发酵filter滤池过滤filter —fly larvae 滤池蝇幼虫fire flow消防流量fixed film 固定膜flexibal jiont cast iron pipe system 柔性接口铸铁管flexibility弹性适应性floc絮凝体矶花flocculate絮凝凝聚flocculator絮凝池反应池flotation 浮选flowrate 流量fluidization 使液化流化fluoride氟化物fluidize使液化使流态化fluosilicic acid 氟硅酸flush冲洗淹没follow suit跟着做跟着出牌forfeiture丧失、没收物、罚款fragile易碎的脆弱的free chlori ne residual 游离性余氯freeflowing 重力流fresh water淡水、湖水freshwater淡水的、河水的fungi真菌类似真菌的Ggal. （1US gallon = 3.785L）game fish 供垂钓的鱼garnet石榴石深红色gauge 量器、表、标准尺寸geographical地理学的地理的geography地理地理学geometry constraint 几何约束Glasgow格拉斯哥（苏格兰中南部）gradie nt梯度/倾斜的graduation分级刻度毕业grant同意准予承认gran ular颗粒状的granu lar activate carb on 颗粒状活性炭gravel沙砾沙砾层grease油脂贿赂grid隔栅网格grit粗砂；研磨grooved coupling of pipeline 沟槽式连接管道guara ntee 保证、担保、保证书）Hhabitat （动植物）的生活环境。

UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 排水工程 sewage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering 水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment 流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water淡水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 sewage废水 wastewater废水收集 wastewater collection废水处理 wastewater disposal受纳水体 receiving waters污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollutant玷污、污染 contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 water pollution control水污染防治 water pollution prevention污水回用 wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supply system市政配水系统 municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统 dual distribution system小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold water supply system热水供水系统 hot water supply system消防系统 fire protection system喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓 hydrant排水系统 drainage system生活排水系统 sanitary system工业排水系统 industrial system雨水排水系统 stormwater system合流制 combined sewers分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 building drainage system卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 water distribution system环状管网 grid (looped)system支状管网 branching(branched) system下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system污水节流井 sewage intercepting well支管 collection (目的：收集)sewer collectorsewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水 industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 ex cava tion深度 excavation depth水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump潜水泵 Submer sible pump潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow过渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number 水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-water quality水质标准 Water quality standards水质要求 Water quality requirements饮用水 Drink water\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物 Primary contaminants有机化合物 Organic chemicals合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals无机化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质 Physical quality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odor number化学性质 Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level溶解氧平衡 Do balance氧损 Oxygen depletion有机污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese硬度 Hardness碱度 Alkalinity盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity基因 Gene难降解有机化合物 Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide除草剂 Herbicide杀菌剂 Germicide细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent洗涤剂 Detergent发泡剂 Foaming agent泡沫 Foam化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage 原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method处理费用 Treatment costs处理单元 Treatment process运行模式 Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physical treatment物理处理过程 Physical treatment process一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondary treatment二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process生物处理 Biological treatment二澄清池 Secondary clarifier二沉池 Secondary settling tank最终澄清池 Final clarifier最终沉淀池 Final settling tank二级出水 Secondary effluent三级处理 Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advanced treatment废水消毒 Waste disinfection出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading污染负荷 Pollutant load有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulation process化学混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hindered settling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n. presedimentation预沉淀池 presedimentation basin3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 high rate filter砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sand filter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filter medium石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds多层滤料 multilayered media混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filtered water滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物 by-products of chlorination 化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gamma radiation 灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保护 residual protection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residual chlorine自由氯余量 free chlorine residual化合余氯 combined residual chlorine化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折点 chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器 ozone generator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozone residual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bed contact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换 n. ion exchange离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchange column硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemical softening沉淀软化 precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membrane separation微滤 n. microfiltration超滤 n. hyperfiltration纳滤 n. nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane电渗析 n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling冷却水 cooling water冷却塔 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群 microbial population混合群落 mixed communities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth繁殖 n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期 lag phase2.对数生长期 exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期 decling growth phase稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸 endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biological reaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理 biological treatment废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewatertreatment system污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatmentsystem生物处理法 biological treatment process生物处理装置 biological treatment unit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatmentprocesses生物固体 biological solids活性污泥 activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatmentprocesses附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biological metabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境 aerobic environment厌氧环境 anaerobic environment营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物 inorganic nutrients营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化 biological nitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 回流污泥 returned sludge回流污泥 recycled sludge剩余污泥 excess sludge 废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge废污泥 waste sludge曝气池 aeration tank曝气池 aeration basin曝气池 aeration chamber完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludge tank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing曝气系统 aeration system曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器） fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems机械曝气 mechanical aeration表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator需氧量 oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体 settleable solids挥发性固体 volatile solids非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspendedsolids混合液 mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspendedsolids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquorvolatile suspended solids污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数 (SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率 (SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aeration tank volume曝气时间 aeration period曝气时间 aeration time水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷 hydraulic loadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludgeprocess标准活性污泥法standard activated sludgeprocess传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludgeplant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludgeprocess分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process 再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontal rotor转刷曝气 rotor aeration笼型转刷 caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activated sludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clear water上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器 (MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 trickling filter高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘 rotating biological contactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biological slime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor 移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria 上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicbiotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobicbiotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统 natural purification system稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater净化过程 purification process自然净化 natural purification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应 aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopic plants出流，出水 effluent flow光合作用 n. photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturation lagoon深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程） land treatment processes关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system 低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes 湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructed wetlandman-made wetland 第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimate disposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩 n. thickening污泥浓缩 sludge thickening稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge调理（调节） n. conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge drying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator污泥浓缩 sludge thickening物理过程 physical process含水过多的污泥 watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravity thickening重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirring action底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickened underflow浓缩污泥 thickened sludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatation thickening溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influent sludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer污泥消化 sludge digestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digester unit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemical decomposition好氧消化 aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or 延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digester supernatant中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic degestion污泥脱水 sludge dewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surface water resource地下水资源 groundwater resource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewater reuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse出水处理 effluent treatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partial treatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscape irrigation地下水回灌 groundwater recharge市政回用 municipal reuse直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment分质供水系统 dual-distribution system间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统 water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge深井注射 deep-well injection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeupwater冷却塔水 cooling tower water选择性处理 optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程 industrial processes冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boiler feedwater灌溉回用 irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatmentsystem间接灌溉回用 indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放 wastewater discharge雨水回用 storm water reuse可回用水 reusable waterPart Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs建设成本，建设费（用） construction costs运行成本，运行费（用） operating costs 能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation and maintenance运行控制 operational control控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water pollution prevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distribution system环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched) system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting well支管collection (目的：收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3 水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity 层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物V olatile organic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative 保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading 第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth 煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter 双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent 滤前水，滤池进水filter influent 浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading 4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀软化precipitation softening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growth phase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes 生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes 附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(W AS)waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process 传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process 标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor(SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor(SBR) processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法) anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicbiotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor 4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解decompose anaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation landtreatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank 刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse 出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse 灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwater recharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment 分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system 取水口n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity 人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water 冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

给排水专业专业英语词汇1、hydrology 水文学、水文地理学2、hydrologic=hydrological3、hydrologic cycle 水文循环4、freshwater 淡水的、河水的5、fresh water 淡水、湖水6、precipitate 沉降、下沉7、evaporate 使蒸发、消失8、dewpoint 结露点9、droplet 小滴10、Ideal Gas Law 理想气体定律11、orographic 山岳的、山形的12、terrane 岩层13、convective 传送的、对流的14、schematic 示意的15、diagram 图表、图解16、hydraulic 水力的、水力学的17、precipitation 降水、降雨量、沉淀18、transpiration 蒸发（物）、植物蒸腾作用19、depict 描述、描写20、diagrammatically 用图解法地21、physical works 实际构筑物22、meterologist 气象学者23、hydrologist 水文学者24、hail （下）冰雹25、sleet 冰雪、雨加雪26、snowpack 积雪场27、thaw 解冻28、discard 丢弃、放弃29、environmental 环境的、周围的30、marketable 时宜销售的31、isolated 隔离的、孤立的32、Madison avenue 纽约麦迪逊大街33、integral 整体的、构成整体所需要的34、ecological 生态学的35、harbor 隐匿、庇护36、aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的37、ecosystem 生态系统38、species 物种、式样39、aqueduct 沟渠、导水管40、desalinate 去处盐分、海水淡化41、arid 干旱的、贫瘠的42、iceberg 冰山、冷冰冰的人43、reverse 相反、颠倒、相反的、颠倒的44、aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层45、rudimentary 根本的、未发展的46、malaria 疟疾、瘴气47、typhoid 伤寒症、伤寒的48、cholera 霍乱49、wetland 湿地、沼泽地50、habitat （动植物）的生活环境。

大学专业英语阅读教程（给水排水与环境工程）单词总结1、hydrology水文学、水文地理学2、hydrologic=hydrological3、hydrologic cycle水文循环4、freshwater淡水的、河水的5、fresh water淡水、湖水6、precipitate沉降、下沉7、evaporate使蒸发、消失8、dewpoint结露点9、droplet小滴10、Ideal Gas Law理想气体定律11、orographic山岳的、山形的12、terrane岩层13、convective传送的、对流的14、schematic示意的15、diagram图表、图解16、hydraulic水力的、水力学的17、precipitation降水、降雨量、沉淀18、transpiration蒸发（物）、植物蒸腾作用19、depict描述、描写20、diagrammatically用图解法地21、physical works实际构筑物22、meteorologist气象学者23、hydrologist水文学者24、hail（下）冰雹25、sleet冰雪、雨加雪26、snowpack积雪场27、thaw解冻28、discard丢弃、放弃29、environmental环境的、周围的30、marketable时宜销售的31、isolated隔离的、孤立的32、Madison avenue纽约麦迪逊大街33、integral整体的、构成整体所需要的34、ecological生态学的35、harbor隐匿、庇护36、aquatic水的、水生的、水憩的37、ecosystem生态系统38、species物种、式样39、aqueduct沟渠、导水管40、desalinate去处盐分、海水淡化41、arid干旱的、贫瘠的42、iceberg冰山、冷冰冰的人43、reverse相反、颠倒、相反的、颠倒的44、aquifer（土壤）含水层、蓄水层45、rudimentary根本的、未发展的46、malaria疟疾、瘴气47、typhoid伤寒症、伤寒的48、cholera霍乱49、wetland湿地、沼泽地50、habitat（动植物）的生活环境。

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water pollution prevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distribution system环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched) system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting well支管collection (目的：收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3 水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow 紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物V olatile organic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile 富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished effluent本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水filter influent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination 化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines 次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon 7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process 离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process 复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis 9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀软化precipitation softening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growth phase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatmentsystem污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatmentsystem生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilization本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！v. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification 生物除磷biological phosphorus removal 1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes 细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activated sludge 回流污泥returned sludge 回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(W AS)waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspendedsolids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatilesuspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system 活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解decompose anaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation landtreatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes 湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids 甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs 第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment 最终用途end use城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwater recharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。

英汉对照给水排水专业名词来源：广州大学水质工程学发表时间：2007-5-24 最近更新时间：2008-7-22给水工程 water supply engineering排水工程 sewerage，wastewater engineering给水系统 water supply system排水系统 sewerage system给水水源 water source原水 raw water地表水 surface water地下水 ground water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water；alkaline water淡水 fresh water冷却水 cooling water废水 wastewater污水 sewage；wastewater用水量 water consumption供水量 output污水量 wastewater flow；sewage flow用水定额 water consumption norm排水定额 wastewater flow norm水质 water quality渠道 channel；conduit干管 main泵站 pumping house泵站 pumping station给水处理 water treatment污水处理 sewage treatment；wastewater treatment废水处置 wastewater disposal格栅 bar screen曝气 aeration沉淀 sedimentation澄清 clarification过滤 filtration离子交换法 ion exchange消毒 disinfection氯化 chlorination余氯 residual chlorine游离性余氯 free residual chlorine结合性余氯 combinative residual chlorine污泥 sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal水头损失 head loss贮水池 storage reservoir；storage tank过河管 river crossing倒虹管 inverted siphon稳定 stabilization异重流density current直流水系统 once through system复用水系统 water reuse system循环水系统 water reuse system生活用水 domestic water生产用水 process water消防用水fire demand浇洒道路用水 street flushing demand, road watering绿化用水 green belt sprinkling, green plot sprinkling 未预见用水量 unforeseen demand自用水量 water consumption in water-works管网漏失水量 leakage平均日供水量 average daily coefficient最高日供水量 maximum service coefficient日变化系数 daily variation coefficient时变化系数 hourly variation coefficient最小服务水头 minimum service head管井 deep well ,drilled well管井滤水管 deep well screen管井沉淀管 grit compartment大口井 dug well；open well井群 battery of wells渗渠 infiltration gallery地下水取水构筑物及滤层 inverted layer泉室 spring chamber取水构筑物 intake structure取水口（取水头部）intake进水间 intake structure格网 screen吸水井 suction well净水构筑物 purification structure投药 chemical dosing混合 mixing凝聚 coagulation絮凝 flocculation自然沉淀 plain sedimentation凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation凝聚剂 coagulant助凝剂 coagulant aid药剂固定储备量 standby reserve药剂周转储备量 current reserve沉沙池(沉砂池) desilting basin；grit chamber预沉池 pre-sedimentation tank平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank异向流斜管（或斜板）沉淀池 tube (plate)settler同向流斜板沉淀池 lamella机械搅拌澄清池 accelerator水力循环澄清池 circulation clarifier脉冲澄清池 plusator悬浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier液面负荷 surface load气浮池 floataion tank气浮溶气罐 dissloved air vessel气浮接触室 contact chamber快滤池 rapid filter虹吸滤池 siphon filter无阀滤池 pressure filter压力滤池 pressure filter移动罩滤池 movable hood backwashing filter滤料 filtering media承托层 graded gracel layer滤速 rate of filtration滤池配水系统 filter underdrain system表面冲洗 surface washing反冲洗 backwash气水反冲洗 air-water washing滤池冲洗水量 filter wash water consumption冲洗强度 intensity of back washing膨胀率 percentage of bed-expansion除铁接触氧化法 contact-axidation清水池 clean-water reservoir配水管网distribution system；pipe system环状管网 pipe network枝状管网 branch system水管支墩 buttress；anchorage软化水 softened water除盐水 demineralized water高纯水 high-purity water；ultra-high purity water 除硅 desilication；silica removal脱碱 dialkalization酸洗 acid cleaning石灰浆 lime slurry石灰乳 milk of lime树脂污染 resin fouling树脂降解 resin degradation离子交换剂 ion exchanger离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin弱碱性阴离子交换树脂 weak-base exchange resin强碱性阴离子交换树脂 strong-base anion exchange resin弱酸性慢离子交换树脂 weak-acid exchange resin强酸性阳离子交换树脂 storng-acid cation exchange resin凝胶型离子交换树脂 gel –type ion exange resin大孔型离子交换树脂 macro-reticular typeion exchange resin 磺化煤 sulfonated coal后处理 post-treatment再生 regemeration再生液置换 rinse displacement二级钠离子交换twostage sodium iopn exchange顺流再生 co-current regeneration对流再生counter-current regeneration逆流再生 up-flow regeneration浮动床 fluidized bed混合离子交换器 mixed bed空气顶压逆流再生 air hold down C.C.C,air blanket C.C.R水顶压逆流再生 water hold down C.C.R,water blanket C.C.R 无顶压逆流再生 atmospheric press bed C.C.R离子交换剂床层膨胀率 ion exchange bed expansion移动床 moving bed再生剂耗量 chemical consumption ,regenerant consumption 再生剂量 regeneration lever再生剂计量 chemical measurement超滤器 ultrafilter微孔过滤器 microporus filter双层床 stratabed,multibed双室床 double bed分步再生 stepwise regeration工作交换容量 operating capacity树脂捕捉器 resintrapper电渗析器 dlectordialyzer反渗透器 reverse osmosis unit一级除盐系统 primary demineralixation system单塔单周期移动床 monobed and single cycle moving bed双塔连续再生移动床 duad bed contactor单床离子交换器 mono-bed ion exchange冷却塔 cooling tower温式冷却塔 dry cooling tower干式冷却塔 dry cooling tower干一湿式冷却塔 dry-wet cooling tower自然通风冷却塔 natural draft cooling tower机械通风冷却塔 mechamical draft cooling tower风筒式冷却塔 chimney cooling tower开放式冷却塔 atmospheric cooling tower抽风式机械通风冷却塔 induced draft mechanical cooling tower 鼓风式机械通风冷却塔 forced draft mechnical cooling tower 横流式冷却塔 crossfolw cooling tower逆流式冷却塔 counter flow cooling tower淋水填料 packing点滴式淋水材料splash packing薄膜式淋水材料 film packing点滴薄膜式淋水填料 splash-film packing冷却塔配水系统 cooling tower distribution system槽式配水系统 troughing distribution system管式配水系统 piping distribution system管――槽结合式配水系统 pipe-troughing distrbution system池式配水系统 hot water distribution basin旋转布水器 rotating distributor溅水喷嘴 spray nozzle冷却塔配水竖件 vertical well of water distribution淋水面积 area of water drenching淋水密度 water drenching density逼近度approach冷却水温差 cooling range除水器 drift eliminator飘滴 drift湿空气回流 recirculation of wet air喷水池 qpray pond冷却池 cooling pond深水型冷却池 shallow cooling pond浅水型冷却池 deep cooling pond挡热墙 skimmer wall潜水堰 submerged weir蒸发损失 evaporation loss风吹损失 windage loss渗漏损失 seepage loss温差异重流 thermal density flow水面综合散热系数 heat transfer coefficient循环冷却水 recirculating cooling water直流冷却水 once-through cooling water直接冷却水 dircet cooling water间接冷却水 indirect coolint water补充水 make-up water旁流 side stream排污 blowdown循环冷却水系统 recirculating cooling water system直流冷却水系统 once-through cooling water system敞开式循环冷却水系统 opened recirculation cooling water system 密闭式循环冷却水系统 closed recirculation cooling water system 结垢scale污垢 fouling生物粘泥 slime,biological fouling污垢热阻 fouling resistance生物粘泥量 slime content腐蚀 corrosion全面腐蚀(均匀腐蚀) general corrosion局部腐蚀 localozed corrosion垢下腐蚀 under-deposit corrosion点蚀 pitting腐蚀率 corrosion rate点蚀系数 pitting factor阻垢 scale inhibition缓蚀 corrosion inhibition防腐蚀 corrosion prevention浓缩倍数 cyclw of concentratin系统容积 volumetric content of system饱和指数 saturation index,Langelier index稳定指数 saturation inde，Ｌangelier index冷却水处理 coolimg water treatment旁流水处理 side-stream treatment补充水处理 make-up water treatment加酸处理scidification菌藻处理 microbiogiacl control旁流过滤 side-dtream filtration预膜 perfillmimg降解 degradation监测试片 monitoring coupon腐蚀试片 corrosion coupon阻垢剂 scale inhibitor分散剂 dispersant缓蚀剂 corrosion inhibitor杀生物剂 biocide预膜剂 prefilming abent剥离剂 stripping agent表面活性剂 surfactant消泡剂 defoaming agent排水制度 sewwer system合流制combined system分流制separate system检查井manhole跃水井drop manhole事故排出口emergencg outlet暴雨溢流井（截留井）storm overflow well, intercepting well 防潮门tide gate生活污水domestic sewage,domestic wastewater工业废水industrial wastewater生产污水polluted industrial wastewater生产废水non-polluted industrial wastewater城市污水municipal sewage；municipal wastewater旱流污水dry weather flow水体自净self-purification of water bodies一级处理primary treatment二级处理 secondary treatment生物处理biological treatment活性污泥法activated sludge process生物膜法biomembrance process双层沉淀池（隐化池）Imhoff tank初次沉淀池primary sedimentation tank二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation tank生物滤池biological filter, trickling filter塔式生物滤池 biotower生物转盘rotating biological disk生物接触氧化bio-contact oxidation曝气池aeration tank推流曝气plug flow aeration完全混合曝气complete-mixing aeration普通曝气conventional aeration阶段曝气step aeration吸附再生曝气 biosorption process,contact stabilization高负荷曝气 high-rate aeration延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation aitch稳定塘（氧化塘）stabilization pond,oxidation pond灌溉田 sewage farming隔油池 oil separtor固定布水器 fixed distributor活动布水器 movable distributor空气扩散曝气 diffused air aeration浅层曝气 inka aeration机械表面曝气 mechamical xurface aeration 混合液 mixed liquor堰门 weir gate原污泥raw sludge初沉污泥 primary sludge二沉污泥secondary sludge活性污泥 activated sludge消化污泥 activated sludge回流污泥 returned sludge剩余污泥 excess activated sludge污泥气 sludge gas污泥消化 sludge digestion好氧消化 aerobic sigestion厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic digestion污泥浓缩 sludge thickening污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge污泥脱水 sludge dewatering污泥真空过滤 sludge vacuum filtration污泥压滤sludge pressure filtration污泥干化 sludge drying污泥焚烧 sludge incineration合流水量 combined flow雨水量storm runoff暴雨强度 rainfall intensity人口当量 population equivalent重现期 recurrence interval降雨历时 duration of rainfall地面集水时间 time of flow管内流行时间 time of flow汇水面积 catchment area充满度 depth ratio表面水力负荷 hydraulic surface loading 固体负荷 solid loading堰负荷 weir loading容积负荷 volume loading表面有机负荷 organic surface loading污泥负荷 sludge loading需氧量 oxygen demand供氧（气）量 oxygen (air) supply氧转移率 oxygen transfer efficiency充氧能力 oxygenation capacity泥饼产率 sludge cake production污泥回流比 return sludge ratio污泥浓度 sludge concentration截流倍数 interception ratio径流系数 runoff coefficient总变化系数 peaking variation factor生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand耗氧量 oxygen consumption悬浮固体 suspended solid电镀废水 electroplating wastewater电镀清洗废水 electroplating rinse-wastewater闭路循环 closed system, closed loop连续处理 continuous treatment间歇处理 batch treatment清洗槽 rinse tank连续式逆流清洗 continuous countercurrent rinsing 间歇式逆流清洗 intermittent countercurrent rinsing 反喷洗清洗 back spray rinsing清洗用水定额 rinsing water norm末级清洗槽浓度 final rinse tank concentration清洗倍率 rinsing ratio碱性氯化法 alkaline chlorination process一级氧化处理 first stage oxidation treatment二级氧化处理 second stage oxidation treatment槽内处理法 tank treatment铁氧体法 ferriter technique树脂交换容量 resin exchange capacity空间流速 space flow rate交换流速 exchange flow rate再生周期 regeneration period洗脱液 spent regenerant离子交换柱 ion exchange column电解处理法 electrolytic treatment电极密度 electrode density极距 electrode distance双极性电极 bipolar electrode不溶性阳极 insoluble anode周期换向 periodic reversal脉冲电解 pulse electrolysis流出水头 static pressure for outflow给水额定流量 rate of flow设计秒流量 design flow design load卫生器具当量 fixture unit设计小时耗热量 heat consumption热水循环流量 hot water circulating flow循环附加流量 additional circulating flow配水点 points of distribution上行下给式 upfeed system下行上给式 downfeed system单向供水 one way service pipe system双向供水 multi-way service pipe system竖向分区 vertical division block明设 exposed installation暗设 concealed installation，embedded installation回流污染 backflow pollution空气间歇 air gap粪便污水 soil生活废水 waste水流转角 angle of turning flow内排水系统 interior storm system外排水系统 outside storm system集中热水供应系统 central heating system开式热水供应系统 open system of hot water supply单管热水供应系统 single pipe system of hot water supply 自然循环 natural circulation机械循环 mechanical circulation第一循环管系 primary circulating system第二循环管系 secondary circulating system引入管 service pipe, inlet pipe排出管 building drain, outlet pipe立管 vertical pipe, riser, stack横管 horizontal pipe悬吊管 hanged pipe清扫口 cleanout检查口 checkhole，checkpipe存水弯 trap,water-sealed joint水封 water seal通气管 vent pipe,vent伸顶通气管 stack vent专用通气立管 specific vent stack主通气立管 main vent stack副通气立管 secondary vent stack, assistant vent stack 环形通气管 loop vent器具通气管 firxture vent结合通气管 yoke vent, yoke vent pipe间接排水管 indirect waste pipe雨水斗 rain strainer回水管 return pipe卫生器具 plumbing fixtrure, fixture 气压给水设备 pneumatic tank隔油井 grease interceptor降温池 cooling tank化粪池 septic tank接触消毒池 disinfecting tank。

abrade [ə'breid] v. 摩擦,磨损accelerated gravity settling [ək'seləreitid] 回速重力沉降acidic [ə'sidik] adj. 酸的,酸性的adhesion [əd'hi:ʒən] n. 附着力，,胶粘advanced oxidation 高级氧化advanced treatment 高级处理aggregation [ægri'geiʃən] n. ,聚合,集合体aging ['eidʒiŋ] n. 衰老，老化，陈化air diffuser [di'fju:zə] 气体扩散器air stripping ['stripiŋ] 空气吹脱，气提alkalinity [,ælkə'linəti] n.【化学】碱性；碱度alum ['æləm] n. 明矾，矾aluminum sulfate [,ælju'miniəm, ,ælə'miniəm] ['sʌlfeit] 硫酸铝amendment [ə'mendmənt] n. 改善,改良,改正amnio ['æmniəu] adj. 氨基的anaerobic [æneə'rəubik] adj. 厌氧的ancillary [æn'siləri] adj. 辅助的, 附属的approach velocity [vi'lɔsiti] 行近流速approximation [ə,prɔksi'meiʃən] n. 接近，近似Aquaclude 不透水层，难渗透水的地层aquatic [ə'kwætik] adj.1. 水的，水上的，水生的；水栖的n. 水生动物,水草aquifer ['ækwəfə] ['ækwifə] n.含水层，地下蓄水层auxiliary [ɔ:g'ziljəri] 辅助的，补助的backwashing 反冲洗ballast ['bæləst] n. 整流器，压舱物，道碴ballasted flocculent settling ['bæləst] 加重絮凝沉淀ballasting agent ['bæləstiŋ] 加重剂barr ier ['bæriə] n. 界线,屏障,障碍物，势垒，潜堰basic ['beisik] n. 基本,要素，基础adj. 基本的, 碱性的bicarbonate [bai'kɑ:bənit] n.【化学】碳酸氢盐，酸式碳酸盐，重碳酸盐biodegradable [,baiəudi'ɡreidəbl] adj. 生物可降解的biofilter 生物滤池blur [blə:] v. 使...模糊弄污BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) 生化需氧量bombardment [bɔm'bɑ:dmənt] n. 袭击brainchild 指计划、想法、创作等脑力劳动的创造物breakpoint chlorination [,klɔ:ri'neiʃən] 折点加氯brickwork ['brikwə:k] n. 砌砖Brownian motion 布朗运动buffering capacity ['bʌfə] 缓冲能力bypass 旁路，旁通管byproduct ['bai,prɔdʌkt] n. 副产品calcium carbonate ['kælsiəm] 碳酸钙capillary [kə'piləri] n. 毛细管adj. 毛状的,毛细管的capital investment 投资carbonaceous [kɑ:bə'neiʃəs] adj. 【化学】碳的,碳质的,含碳的carbonate ['kɑ:bəneit] n.,碳酸盐carboxyl [kɑ:'bɔksil] n. 羧基carcinogenic [kɑ:sinə'dʒənik] adj. 致癌物（质）的carryover n.携带，带出，遗留，遗留物catch basin 集水池，截流井，雨水口catenary [kə'ti:nəri] adj.﹠n.悬链线；悬链线的cation ['kætaiən] 正离子,阳离子cellulose ['seljuləus] n. 纤维素cement [si'ment] 水泥chain n. 链条channelization 管道化charge neutralization 电中和chemical precipitation [pri,sipi'teiʃən] 化学沉淀chemical scrubber （['skrʌbə] 【化学】洗涤器；涤气器，净洗器）化学洗涤塔chlorine dioxide ['klɔ:ri:n] 二氧化氯Clay [klei] n. 粘土，泥土cloud of ions 电子云CO2(Carbon dioxide) [dai'ɔksaid] n. 二氧化物coagulant [kəʊ'ægjʊlənt] n. 混凝剂coalesce [,kəuə'les] v. 凝聚，聚结，合并,联合,接合coarse screen [kɔ:s] 粗格栅，粗筛COD (chemical oxygen demand) 化学需氧量cogwheel ['kɔgwi:l] n.【机械学】齿轮coil [kɔil] n. 线团，卷曲，线圈，绕组collecting sewer 污水支管collide [kə'laid] v. 碰撞, 抵触colloidal kə'lɔidl] adj. 【化学】胶质的；胶态的；胶体的combined sewer 合流制下水道compact layer (Stern) 压缩层complex ['kɔmpleks] n. 复合体，配合物，络合物composition [kɔmpə'ziʃən] n. 作文,著作,组织,合成物，成份compost ['kɔmpɔst] n.混合肥料，堆肥compression settling 压缩沉降concentration [,kɔnsen'treiʃən] n. 集中,专心,浓度,浓缩conduit ['kɔndit] n. 管道，导管,水管,沟渠；泉水，喷泉cone ofdepression [kəun] 下降漏斗, [水文学]下降锥体confined aquifer 自流含水层，承压含水层constituent [kən'stitjuənt] n.构成要素；成分，组分contaminant [kən'tæminənt] n.污染物，致污物counterion ['kauntəaiən] n. 带相反电荷的离子，抗衡离子，补偿离子cracking ['krækiŋ] n. 破裂，裂化；分裂,分解creek [kri:k] 小溪，小河，小湾，小港crush [krʌʃ] vt. 压碎，碾碎cryptosporidium [,kriptəu'spɔridiəm] n.【生物学】隐孢子虫（属）cryptosporidium parvum 小隐孢子虫cumulative percent ['kju:mju,leitiv] 累计百分数cutaway ['kʌtə,wei] 剖面图dearth [də:θ] n. 缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨debris ['debri:, 'deib-] n. 碎片,残骇，悬浮泥沙，推移质decomposable [,di:kəm'pəʊzəbl] adj.可分解的decompose [,di:kəm'pəuz] vt.1. 分解，使分解，使腐烂decomposition [,di:kɔmpə'ziʃən] n.1. 腐败，腐烂 2. 分解(作用) decree [di'kri:] n. 政令，法令v. 颁布definitive [di'finitiv] 最后的，确定的，权威性的denitrification [di:naitrifi'keiʃən] n. 脱氮作用，反硝化作用deplete [di'pli:t] v. 耗尽, 使...衰竭derivation [deri'veiʃən] n. 1. 导出，出处，得到；诱导，推理；溯源1 (定理的)求导，推导2) 微商，微分，导数【语言】词源，衍生destabilize [di:'steibilaiz] vt. 脱稳，使...不稳定detention time [di'tenʃən] 滞留时间，停留时间detrimental [,detri'mentl] adj. 有害的dichromate [dai'krəumeit] n.【化学】重铬酸盐diffuse layer [di'fju:z] 扩散层discard [dis'kɑ:d; 'diskɑ:d] 丢弃，抛弃，放弃discharge n. 流量，排放物，排出，排放discrete particle settling [dis'kri:t] ['pɑ:tikl] 离散颗粒沉降disinfection [,disin'fekʃən] n. 消毒dislodge [dis'lɔdʒ] 移动，取出，清除dissociate [di'səuʃieit] v. 分离,游离,分裂DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧domestic wastewater [də'mestik] 生活废水，家庭污水drag coefficient [kəui'fiʃənt] 阻力系数drainage ditch ['dreinidʒ] 排水沟drawback ['drɔ:,bæk] n. 缺点，障碍drawdown ['drɔ:daun] n. 水位下降(降落,消耗,减少)dry weather flow 枯季流量dump [dʌmp] n. 垃圾场，垃圾堆，堆存处vt. 倾卸，倾倒(垃圾) dwell [dwel] v. 居住，细说;dyestuff ['daistʌf] n.染料，染色剂；染液easement ['i:zmənt] n. 缓和,减轻,方便; 地役权eddy ['edi] n. 旋转，,漩涡effluent ['efluənt] adj. 流出的n.流出物，废水，污水，排水渠electrode [i'lektrəʊd] n.【电学】电极；发射极；集电极electrokinetic [i,lektrəʊkai'netik] adj. 动电学的，电动的electrolyte [i'lektrəʊlait] n. 电解物,电解质,电解液electrostatic forces 静电力elevated tank ['eliveitid] 高位水池，高架水箱ellipsoid [i'lipsɔid] n. 椭圆体equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n. 平衡,均衡euphemism ['ju:fimizəm] n. 婉言,委婉的说法eutrophication [ju:,trɔfi'keiʃɚn] n. 富营养化作用excrement ['ekskrimənt] n. 排泄物,粪便exfiltration [,eksfil'treiʃən] n. 漏出(渗漏)，渗出extract [iks'trækt] vt.提炼，提取，萃取extraction [ik'strækʃən] n. 抽出，取出，提取（法），萃取（法）false [fɔ:ls] 人工的feedlot ['fi:dlɔt] n. 饲育场，饲养场ferment ['fə:mənt] n. 酵素,发酵,动乱v. 使...发酵,发酵,动乱ferric ['ferik] adj. 铁的,含铁的,三价铁的fillet ['filit] n. 圆角，凸起，缘边，嵌条filtrate ['filtreit] v. 过滤，筛选n.滤(出)液filtration [fil'treiʃən] n. 过滤fine screen 细格栅，细筛flexibility [,fleksə'biliti] n. 弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性，灵活性, floatable ['fləutəbl] adj. 可漂浮的,可浮起的floc [flɔk] n. 絮体flocculant ['flɔkjulənt] n. 絮凝剂flocculation [flɔkju'leiʃən] n. 絮凝作用flocculent settling 絮凝沉降flume [flu:m] n. 水槽，斜槽，渡槽，水道；引水沟force main 压力干管fractal ['fræktəl] （分开学中）不规则碎片形fractionate ['frækʃəneit] vt.1. 把…分成几部分2. 【化学】分馏，分级frictional ['frikʃənəl] adj. 摩擦的，摩擦力的frictional resistance 摩擦阻力gastrointestinal tract [,gæstrəuin'testənl] 胃肠道gene [dʒi:n] n.【遗传学】(遗传)基因，遗传因子generation [,dʒenə'reiʃən] n. 产生，【世】代,gill [gil] [dʒil] n. 腮，腮下肉，峡谷，峡流，锶vt.1. 用刺网捕(鱼) grain [grein] 细粒，颗粒granular ['grænjulə] adj ,粒状的grating ['greitiŋ] 栅栏，栅，格栅gravel ['ɡrævəl] n.[总称]砾，沙砾，小石；砾石grease [gri:s] n. 油脂grind [graind] v.,磨碎，碾碎，折磨grinder ['graində] n. 磨碎机，研磨机，磨床grit [grit] n. 砂砾,粗砂石grit chamber 沉砂池groundwater 地下水gullet ['gʌlit] . n.沟；排水沟；水槽，水落管，海峡harbor ['hɑ:bə] n. 海港,避难所v. 庇护,隐藏,藏匿headloss 水头损失headworks ['hedwə:k] n. 渠首工程，脑力劳动，准备工作hindered settling ['hində] 干扰沉降，拥挤沉降hinge [hindʒ] n. 铰链,homogeneous [,hɔməu'dʒi:njəs] adj. 同类的,相似的，均匀的，均相的；同种类的，同性质hook [huk] n.钩；挂钩，吊钩hopper ['hɔpə] 斗仓，进料斗，加料斗hydraulics ['hai'drɔ:liks] n. 水力学hydrogen ['haidrədʒən] ['haidrəudʒən] n. 氢hydrogen ion activity 氢离子活性（度）hydrolyzed metal ions 水解金属离子hydrophilic [,haidrəu'filik] adj. 亲水性的hydrophobic [,haidrəu'fəubik] adj.【化学】疏水的，憎水的hydrostatic [,haidrəu'stætik] adj. 静水力学的, 流体静力学的hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydroxide [hai'drɔksaid] n.【化学】氢氧化物hydroxyl [hai'drɔksil] n.【化学】羟基，氢氧基hydroxyl ion [hai'drɔksil] 氢氧离子，羟离子hygro- [词头] 湿（气），液体hygroscopic [,haigrəu'skɔpik] adj. 易湿的，吸湿的hygroscopic moisture 吸湿水in lieu of ['lju:] 代替indicator ['indikeitə] n. 指示器,指示剂，指示菌，指示基因inert [i'nə:t]inertial [i'nə:ʃəl] adj. 不活泼的,惯性的inertial forces [i'nə:ʃəl] 惯性力infrastructure ['infrə'strʌktʃə] n. 下部构造,下部组织,基础结构，基础设施innovative ['inəuveitiv] adj. 革新的，创新的；富有革新精神的；新颖的integrate ['intigreit] 【数学】作积分运算；求积分interception [,intə'sepʃən] n. 拦截，截留interceptor [intə'septə(r)] 截砂阱n.1. 拦截；阻止者；障碍物；拦截器；遮断器interceptor sewer [intə'septə(r)] 截流管道，污水[管]截砂阱iodo- [ai'əudə; 'aiədəu] （构词成分）碘，碘代ion ['aiən] n. 离子ion exchange 离子交换ionization [,aiənai'zeiʃən] n. 离子化,电离；【化学】电离作用isoelectric point [,aisəui'lektrik] 等电点isomorphous replacement ['aisəu'mɔ:fəs] 同晶转换Iterative ['itərətiv; -reit-] adj. 重复的；反复的；迭代的jam [dʒæm] n. 堵塞，拥挤jolt [dʒəult] n. ﹠v. 摇晃kinematic [,kaini'mætik] adj. 运动学的,运动学上的lagoon [lə'gu:n] n. 污水塘，氧化塘，曝气塘，环礁，泻湖（位于陆地与障壁岛之间的半封laminar ['læminə] adj. 层（状、流）的；层的(薄层的,分层的,lattice structure ['lætis] 晶格结构layout 规划，设计，布局图，版面设计lignin ['lignin] n. 木质素logarithm ['lɔgəriθm] n.【数学】对数macroflocculation ['mækrəu] 同向絮凝macteria bæk'tiəriə] n. 细菌malodorous [mæ'ləudərəs] adj. 有臭味的,不合法的man hole ['mænhəul]n.(下水道，排水沟，锅炉等可容人进去检修的)检修孔，检修井，人mass curve 累积曲线membrane bioreactor 膜生物反应器membrane filtration ['membrein] 膜滤micelle [mi'sel; mai-] n.【化学、物理学、生物学】胶粒；胶束，胶囊；微团；微胞；胶；胶态离子microflocculation 异向絮凝，微絮凝microorganism [maikrəʊ'ɔ:gəniz(ə)m] n.【微生物学】微生物microscreen 微孔筛网milli- ['mili] [词头]毫,千分之一mine drainage 矿山排水monovalent [,mɔnəu'veilənt] adj.【化学】一价的，单价的mortar ['mɔ:tə] n. 砂浆，灰浆，胶泥v. 用灰泥涂抹,用灰泥结合mutagenic [,mju:tə'dʒenik] adj. 诱变的，致诱变的Nernst potential [nɛənst] 能斯特电位Neutralize ['nju:trəlaiz] v. 使中和，压制nitrogen ['naitrədʒən] n. 氮nominal ['nɔminl] adj. 名义上的，有名无实的，名字的，名词性的，公称的，额定的nonpoint source [nɔn'pɔint] 非点源nutrient ['nju:triənt] adj. 营养的,滋养的n. 营养物,营养品oblate ['ɔbleit] adj.扁圆形的，扁球形的，椭圆的observation well [,əbzə:'veiʃən] 观测井，观测孔odor ['əudə] n. 气味,名声Offset ['ɔ:fset] n.偏移量抵销，弥补，分支，胶印，平版印刷，支管，乙字管Vt. 弥补,印刷vi. 偏移，形成分支oocyst ['əuə,sist] n.【生物学】卵囊organism ['ɔ:gənizəm] n. 生物体,有机体orthokinetic flocculation [ɔ:θəkai'netik] 同向絮凝作用outage ['autidʒ] 停机,断电mi [mi:] 英里，大音阶的第三音overflow ['əuvə'fləu] n. 溢流overflow rate 溢流率overland flow 地表径流，地面水流overtake ['əuvə'teik] vt. 赶上，追上oxidation [ɔksi'deiʃən] n. 氧化oxide ['ɔksaid] n. 氧化物ozone ['əuzəun] n. 臭氧parallel bar ['pærəlel] 平行棒parshall ['pɑ:ʃæl] 巴歇尔氏测流量装置particulate [pə'tikjulit, -leit] n.1. 微粒；颗粒；adj.微粒的；颗粒的；粒子状的pasture ['pɑ:stʃə] n. 牧地，草原，牧场perforated ['pə:fəreit] 穿孔的；凿孔的perforated plate ['pə:fəreit] [pleit] 穿孔板，多孔板perikinetic flocculation [,perikai'netik] 异向絮凝作用Permeability [,pə:miə'biliti] n. 弥漫, 渗透, 渗透性Permeameter [pə:mi'æmitə] n.渗透仪,渗透性试验仪)pfiesteria piscicida 幽灵藻Phreatic surface [fri(:)'ætik] 地下水（静止）水位，浅层地下水面pneumatic [nju(:)'mætik] n. 气胎；adj. 装满空气的，有气胎的，汽力的，气压的，气动的point source 点源polyaluminum chloride 聚合氯化铝polyelectrolyte [,pɔlii'lektrəu,lait] n.【化学】聚合(物)电解质；高(分子)电解质polyiron chloride [,pɔli'aiən] 聚合氯化铁Porosity [pɔ:'rɔsiti] n. 多孔性,有孔性,孔隙率potential determining ions 决定电位离子prehydrolized 预水解的preliminary treatment [pri'liminəri] 预处理primary treatment ['praiməri] 初级处理probability [,prɔbə'biliti] n. 可能性,概率,机率product ['prɔdəkt] n. 产品,成果,乘积prolate ['prəuleit] adj. 扁长的,扩展的protrude [prə'tru:d] 伸出,突出rag [ræg] n. 抹布，碎屑，破布,碎布,石板瓦, 破旧衣服ragged ['rægid] adj. 粗糙的, 衣衫褴褛的,刺耳的rainfall ['reinfɔ:l] n. 雨量，降雨；降雨量，降水量rake [reik] 耙子，齿耙recess [ri'ses] 凹槽,凹座,凹进处reciprocating [ri'siprəkeitiŋ] adj. 往复的，来回的recurring natural event ['nætʃərəl] 重现历史事件reduced state 还原态refuse [ri'fju:z] n. 废物,垃圾vt. 拒绝，谢绝renewal [ri'nju:əl] n. 更新,革新,复兴；续借repulsive force [ri'pʌlsiv] 排斥力residence ['rezidəns] n. 居住，住处residue ['rezidju:] 残留物，剩余物retrofit ['retrə,fit] n. ﹠v. 改型，改进reverse osmosis [ɔz'məusis] n. 反渗透Reynolds number ['renəldz] 雷诺数salinity [sə'liniti] n. 含盐量，咸度，盐浓度,，盐分sanitary adj.1. 关于健康的；卫生的，清洁的 2. 关于卫生的；公共卫生的3. 提供健提供卫生的n. 公共厕所sanitary sewer 生活污水管道sanitary waste ['sænitəri] 生活废水saturation [,sætʃə'reiʃən] n.饱和(状态)，浸润，浸透，饱和度adj. 惰性的,迟钝的scouring ['skauəriŋ] 擦[洗]净, 冲刷, 洗涤secondary treatment 二级处理sedimentation [,sedimen'teiʃən] n. 沉淀,沉降seep [si:p] v. 渗出；渗漏separated sewer 分流制下水道septic ['septik] adj. 腐败的，败血病的，脓毒性的n. 腐败物settling column ['kɔləm] 沉降柱sewer ['sjuə; 'su:ə] n. 下水道，污水管，阴沟；. 缝纫工具(如缝纫机、针线等)；缝纫者sewerage ['sjuəridʒ] 排水工程n. 1. 排污，污水处理2. 下水道系统，排污系统；下污水工程 3. 污水，污物4. 脏话，下流话；肮脏的想法sewerage system 排水工程，排水系统shambles ['ʃæmblz] 肉店，屠宰场，混乱的地方shred ['ʃred] n. 碎片，破片；v. 撕碎，切碎SI units （Systeme International）国际标准单位side reaction 副反应sieve analysis [siv] 筛分析silt [silt] n. 淤泥，残渣，煤粉，泥沙sink [siŋk] 洗涤盆，污水池，接收器slide [slaid] n. 滑，滑动，,幻灯片slipping plane ['slipiŋ] 滑动面sloppy ['slɔpi] adj. 湿透的，水多的，液体的；草率的，粗心大意的sluice [slu:s] n. 水闸，泄水管，水力冲泄sophisticated [sə'fistikeitid] adj. 复杂的，需要专门技术的；诡辩的,久经世故的specific gravity [spə'sifik] 比重specific yield [spə'sifik] [ji:ld] 单位产水量sprocket ['sprɔkit] n.. 【机械学】链齿，链轮stabilize ['steibilaiz] v. 稳定vt. 1. 使稳定，保持…的稳定；使稳固，使安定：standby 备用stick [stik] n. 棍，棒sticky ['stiki] adj. 粘的,粘性的storm sewer 雨水管straining ['streiniŋ] 筛滤，变形，隔小滤stratum ['streitəm] n. [地质学]地层，[生物学]（组织的）层stringy ['striŋi] adj. 线,绳的,纤维的structural imperfection ['strʌktʃərəl] [,impə'fekʃən] 结构性缺陷subcatchment n. 子流域，支流集水区subsurface ['sʌb'sə:fis] adj. 表面下的；海面(或水平)下的；地表下的subterranean [sʌbtə'reiniən] 地下的sulfuric acid [sʌl'fjuərik] 硫酸Superficial [sju:pə'fiʃəl] adj. 表面的,表观的，浅薄的supplemental [,sʌpli'mentl] adj. 补充的,增补的surface charge 表面电荷surface loading 表面负荷surface water 地表水surface-active agent ['sə:fis'æktiv] 表面活性剂swampland ['swɔmplænd]n. 沼泽地；沼泽地带synonym ['sinənim] n. 同义词synthetic detergent [sin'θetik] [di'tə:dʒ] 合成清洁剂synthetic organic polymer [sin'θetik] 合成有机聚合物tap [tæp] 开关、龙头；在…上开空（导出液体）TDS （the total dissolved solids）总溶解性固体term [tə:m] n. 学期,，期间，条款，条件，术语, terminate ['tə:mineit] v. 终止，停止，结束terrain ['terein] n. 地带,地域,地形tertiary treatment ['tə:ʃəri]三级处理thermal agitation 热搅动Titrate ['taitreit] vt., vi.【化学】滴定n.【化学】被滴定液titration [tai'treiʃən] n. 滴定trajectory ['trædʒiktəri, trə'dʒekətəri] n. 轨道,弹道,轨线transitional [træn'ziʃənəl] adj. 过渡的transmissivity [trænzmi'siviti] n. 透射比，透射率，透射系数trapezoidal [,træpi'zɔidəl] 梯形的trigger ['trigə] vt. 引发，引起，触发trivalent [trai'veilənt] adj.【化学】三价的trough ['trɔ:f] n. 槽,水槽TSS （the total suspended solids）总悬浮性固体tube settler ['setlə] 斜管沉淀池turbulence ['tə:bjuləns] n. 1. 混乱，动乱，骚乱，骚动2. 【航海学】(水流的)湍流，（液体或气体的）紊乱turbulent ['tə:bjulənt] 紊流的ultrafiltration [,ʌltrəfil'treiʃən] n. 超滤ultraviolet radiation ['ʌltrə'vaiəlit] n. 紫外线辐射Unconfined ['ʌnkən'faind] adj. 无约束的，无限制的unconfined aquifer 潜水含水层，非承压含水层，无压含水层undersized ['ʌndə'saizd] adj.小于一般尺寸的；小型的；不够大的；比较矮小的upgrade ['ʌpgreid] n. 升级，上升，上坡vt. 提高(等级)，提升，浓缩van der Waals forces [wɔ:lz] 范德华力VFAs (volatile fatty acids) ['vɔlətail] 挥发性脂肪酸vitrified ['vitrifaid] adj. 陶瓷的,玻璃化的, 上釉的，陶化的volatile organic compounds (VOC) ['vɔlətail] 挥发性有机化合物vortex separator ['vɔ:teks] 旋流分离器wastewater ['weistwɔ:tə] n. 废水water closet ['klɔzit] 盥洗室，厕所water table 1. 地下水位，地下水面，潜水面 2. 【建筑学】泻水台；承雨线脚；飞马路边沟[亦作water-table]wetwell 湿井，吸水井wire mesh ['waiə] [meʃ]金属丝网，铁丝网，钢丝网zeta potential ['zi:tə] ζ电位。

unit oneDistribution system分配系统Grid system 环状管网ring system环状管网loop feeder 环状管网branching system 枝状管网combination system 联合管网（combined system）Topography地形学，地形，地貌，地势dead end死水点feeder 给水管，进料器Elevation地面标高valve 阀门，真空管water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统service reservoir 配水池（调节水池）pump 泵storage element （储水）构筑物70m head 70米水柱leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率）hydraulic 水力的，水压的hydraulic analysis 水力分析field measurement 现场测量（实测）field date 实测数据key point管网节点pipe junctions 管网节点node （key point, junction）节点sign convention符号规约positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正head loss 水头损失iterative solution 迭代解loop method 环路法flow, runoff, discharge 流量Sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物）Sewer 下水道，污水管Sanitary sewer 生活污水管道Connection连接管，排出管Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管（补充内容）PVC 聚氯乙烯Grade line 坡度线slope 倾斜度，坡度collecting sewer 污水支管Interceptor 截流污水管（intercepting sewer）Domestic民用的，生活的Manhole 人孔，检查井drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道sewerage system 污水工程系统invert 管道内底Pump station 泵站unit twoContaminant 污染物ground water 地下水surface water 地表水wastewater 污废水Floating materials漂浮物suspended materials悬浮物Colloidal materials 胶体物质colloidal particles 胶体微粒Dissolved materials 溶解物质Dissolved gases 溶解气体Microorganisms微生物（microbe）organic and inorganic constituents 有机和无机成分hardness-ion 硬度离子hardness 硬度carbon dioxide二氧化碳hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢Alga(algae) 水藻，藻类Clay 粘土silt泥沙，淤泥pathogenic病原体，致病菌，病原菌Bacteria 细菌Ammonia 氨，氨水Methane gas甲烷，沼气turbidity 浊度taste 味odor 臭drinking water 饮用水water sample 水样suspension 悬浮液turbidity unit (TU) 浊度单位turbidimeter 浊度表，浊度仪Solubility 溶度，溶解性Metabolism 新陈代谢standard color solution 标准比色液threshold odor number 臭阈值boiler feed water 锅炉给水boiler water supply锅炉给水demineralize 去除矿物质scale deposit 水垢，积垢Outfall 出水口，排水口chemical clarification 化学（法）澄清coagulation 混凝coagulant 混凝剂sedimentation 沉淀filtration 过滤disinfection 消毒synthetic polymer 合成聚合物Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine 氯sedimentation basin 沉淀池oxidize 使氧化，使生锈soften 软化settle-able 会沉淀的Aeration曝气通风unit threeplain settling 自由沉淀detention time 滞留时间Flocculation 絮凝Flocs 絮凝体coagulant aid 助凝剂(flocculation aid) natural alkalinity 自然碱度high-molecular compound 高分子化合物jar test 烧杯实验Centrifugal 离心的low-lift pump 低扬程水泵suction line 吸入管线索impeller 叶轮pump casing 泵壳Paddle-type flocculator 桨板式絮凝器（池）Clarifier 澄清池up flow clarifier 升流式澄清池contact tank 接触反应池Sedimentation basins 沉淀池inlet baffle 进水挡板effluent weir 出水堰tube settler 管式沉淀池influent flow 入流reaction jet structure 喷流结构finger launder 指形槽结构effluent launder 出流槽cross baffle 横向挡板settling tank 沉淀池（settler）aqueous suspension 水悬浮液shallower basin 浅池parallel-plate settler 斜板沉淀池tube settler 斜管沉淀池feed rate 这里指水流速度laminar flow 层流filter medium 过滤介质（滤料）anthracite 无烟煤mixed-media 复合滤料back-wash 反冲洗hydraulic grading水力分级High-Rate Sedimentation Basins 高效澄清池Slow and Rapid Sand Filter慢砂滤池和快砂滤池Mixed-media Filter 复合滤料滤池specific gravity 比重filter cycle 过滤周期oxidation potential 氧化电势，氧化性reduction potential 还原电势，还原性ozone 臭氧Oxidant 氧化剂Reducer 还原剂germicidal property杀菌能力（germicide杀菌剂）molecular weight 分子量Halogen 卤素pilot 试验性的Chlorination 氯化，用氯处理water-borne disease 水传播病THM S三卤甲烷breakpoint chlorination 折点加氯breakpoint dosage折点剂量free (available) chlorine 自由性氯chlorine demand 需氯量combined chlorine 化合性氯unit fourWater Pollution水污染Organic wastes有机废物municipal waste 市政污水Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧（DO）slightly soluble 微溶于水的Saturation 饱和状态saturation concentration 饱和浓度biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)生化需氧量pollutant 污染物Biodegradable 可生物降解的chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量oxidizing agent 氧化剂wastewater treatment plant 污水处理厂total suspended solids （TSS）总悬浮固体mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度volatile suspended solids (VSS) 挥发性固体wastewater analysis 污水水质分析water pollution control水污染控制Anaerobic 厌氧菌的，厌氧引起的Aerobic 需氧的，好氧的unit fivePrimary treatment 一级处理screen 格栅grit chamber 沉砂池settler 沉淀池V-notch weir三角堰primary clarifier 初沉池turbulence 紊流primary effluent 一级出水secondary treatment 二级处理biological treatment system 生物处理系统activated-sludge system 活性污泥系统aeration basin 曝气池return activated sludge （RAS）回流污泥air diffuser 空气扩散器step aeration activated-sludge process 阶段曝气活性污泥法BOD-SS loading BOD污泥负荷mixed liquor suspended-solids(MLSS) 混合液悬浮固体浓度sequential batch reactor (SBR) 序批式（间歇式）活性污泥法primary clarifier 初沉池secondary clarifier 二沉池Sludge treatment 污泥处理volume reduction 减量化Sludge thickening 污泥浓缩gravity thickener重力浓缩池sludge scraper 刮泥器Sludge digestion 污泥消化methane-forming bacteria产甲烷菌。