上海市2020届高三下学期高考英语二模试卷

2020届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★（解析版）(满分140分,考试时间120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. To answer the door.B. To fix the doorbell.C. To get a job.D. To ask for instructions.【答案】B【原文】W: Did you call the manager?M: Yes. I told him our doorbell doesn’t work. He said he’d come over tomorrow. Q: Why did the man call the manager?2.A. At the airport.B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.【答案】D【原文】W: I’m sorry, sir. We don’t seem to have a reservation for you.M: But my wife said that she had reserved a room for me here. I phoned her this morning just before I boarded the plane.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3.A. She has lost a lot of weight.B. She lost some money last year.C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery.D. She is having health problems.【答案】A【原文】M: You look quite different from what you used to.W: Sure. I started exercising regularly two years ago and went from 207 pounds to a healthy 140 pounds.Q: What do we know about woman?4.A. Taking photographs.B. Downloading images.C. Fixing cameras.D. Painting pictures.【答案】A【原文】W: Do you let people know when you are taking pictures of them?M: I try not to. You know, I don’t want people in my picture to look unnatural. Q: What are the speakers talking about?5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow.B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party.C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party.【答案】D【原文】W: I can’t decide what to do about the party tomorrow.M: You don’t have to go if you don’t want to, but I’ll be glad to give you a ride if you do.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?6.A. Tokyo is a city with a short history.B. He can provide little useful information.C. He can show the woman around the city.。

2020年上海市高考英语二模试卷（B卷）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening Comprehension（25分）Section ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．In a gym．B．In a department store．C．In a shoe﹣repair shop．D．On the playground．2．（1分）A．She appreciates the man's help．B．She worked hard on her speech．C．Her speech was somewhat long．D．She should have made better preparation．3．（1分）A．Forty．B．Thirty．C．Fifteen．D．Twenty．4．（1分）A．Indifferent．B．Apologetic．C．Excited．D．Disappointed．5．（1分）系统找不到该试题6．（1分）A．A holiday plan．B．An outdoor activity．C．The weather forecast．D．The view of a lake．7．（1分）A．Fix the camera．B．Take photos．C．Set up a sign．D．Teach the woman．8．（1分）A．She seldom receives letters from her old friends．B．She keeps touch with her former classmates regularly．C．The man must reply to the e﹣mail immediately out of courtesy．D．The man should drop a few lines occasionally．9．（1分）A．She must have left the book in the reading room．B．She needn't have borrowed so many books．C．She should remember to put things in good order．D．The notebook might be hidden under the pile of journals．10．（1分）A．She will not stay up late in the future．B．She couldn't understand why the man enjoyed the lecture．C．She was too tried to focus on the lecture．D．The literature class was too boring for herSection BDirections：In Section B，you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages，and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．The benefit of chewing gum．B．Signs in the classroom．C．The importance of attention．D．Ways to remove the sticky substance．（2）A．Do some calculations．B．Write down some numbers．C．Answer questions．D．Finish a test paper．（3）A．By asking for a leave．B．By pretending to chew gum．C．By wandering in class．D．By taking in more oxygen．12．（4.5分）（1）A．1973．B．36，500．C．20．D．300，000．（2）A．Workers' wages increase largely every year．B．More money is spent on citizens' welfare．C．Foreign investment is favoured．D．Business activity is regulated．（3）A．lreland's traditional values．B．Ireland's future development．C．Ireland's amazing history．D．lreland's economic growth．13．（6分）（1）A．How to care for precious metals．B．A standard unit for measuring weight．C．The value of precious metals．D．The wide use of scales．（2）A．To check the accuracy of scales．B．To calculate the density of other metals．C．To observe changes in the atmosphere．D．To measure amounts of rainfall．（3）A．Someone lost it．B．Someone spilled water on it．C．It was made of low quality metal．D．The standard for measuring had changed．（4）A．It is reasonable for an object with such an important function．B．It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal．C．It is difficult to judge the value of such an object．D．It is too high for such a light weight．II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）Section A（10分）Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security，the Ministry of Education and other central departments，recently issued a notice （1）forbids any gender discrimination against women in the workplace．China has made great achievements in establishing gender equality．（2）some women，especially in pregnancy﹣related conditions，are still more likely to face discrimination in the workplace or （3）looking for jobs．To ensure the rights of women to give birth，the notice requires employers not ask female applicants non﹣job﹣related questions （4）（involve）their marital status or number and ages of their children，（5）have new female hirees take pregnancy tests．（6）coordinated face﹣to﹣face meeting mechanism will be established to ensure the implementation of the new regulation．Employers who are reported （7）（discriminate）against job applicants based on gender will be summoned．Those who refuse to stop or rectify the situation will be punished according the law and exposed to the public through media．Employers and human resource companies who post in portals job advertisements that include gender bias shall be ordered to make corrections，and may face penalties and have their business licenses （8）（suspend）．In addition，more favorable measures （9）（take）to further support the employment of women （10）enhancing job﹣training services for women，providing child care services for children under 3，and improving the maternity insurance system for female employees．Section B（10分）Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 15．（10分）A．genuine B．subjected C．twisted D．chiefly E．influentialF．ruling G．occupying H．commonlyI．exploitation J．ultimately K．account The picture of miseries and sufferings of the Black woman in America may appear，perhaps darker and more depressing than Dante's（但丁）description of Hell because in the history of human race，the Black woman in America has suffered the most．A close and critical（1）of the history of the Black woman's life and condition since her arrival in a strange land will unfold very well the long story of her pain and sorrow associated with her mutilated（被切断的）soul．Since her arrival on the foreign shore，the Black woman has been facing the worst kind of（2）and oppression．As a Black she has had to endure all the horrors of slavery and has been the object of continually inhumane treatment in all kinds of work，（3）the lowest place on the wage scale and restricted to the lowest﹣status and the most uncreative jobs．Since times of slavery，Black womanhood has been destroyed，（4）and abused with racial and inhuman practices by black men and white men and women．In the process，they have lost their（5）"self"，and have developed a（n）complexity in themselves﹣though as black women，they see themselves with the eyes of white men and women and black men．This has（6）been responsible for the destruction of their self ﹣confidence and the feeling of being human．They look upon themselves as masters' belongings．As a mother she has seen her children sold into slavery．She has seen them left at home without attention while she attended to the needs of the children of the（7）class．She has seen her children suffer from drug addiction，the lack of decent education and experience attacks by a racist society，and populating the prisons of this nation．In addition，besides suffering the common fate of all oppressed people，the African﹣American women continue to undergo the oppression of woman by men，which existed for long．In the home she becomes "the slave of a slave"．Men may be cruelly treated and（8）to all sorts of dehumanizing treatment on the part of the ruling class．However，at least they can take out their frustration on someone else，their women．Thus feminism in America means much more than what it stands for in other European countries，chiefly because it has different role and meaning with respect to the Black women．If a feminist is（9）defined as one who is involved in transforming andreinterpreting familiar realities，then Black women are innate（天生的）feminists．Black women writing exhibits and constructs a Black women's literary tradition that is inherently feminist．Barbara Smith，an （10）Black feminist critic，states that the ability of Black women to survive in the face of White America exhibits an innate feminist potential．III. Reading Comprehension（45分）Section A（15分）Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）Our Global VillageNearing autumn's close．My neighbor ﹣How do Our es he live，I wonder？These lines were written by a famous poet nearly three hundred years ago．They expressa timeless and universal curiosity in one's fellow man．The word 'neighbor' in the poem （1）people very much like one's self．He may live next door，similar in dress，diet，custom and language．Today，few people are surrounded by neighbors who are cultural copies of themselves．Tomorrow we can expect to spend most of our lives in the （2）of a variety of neighbors．They may speak in a different tongue，seek different values and behave according to different norms．As our world is （3），our neighbors increasingly will be people whose life styles contrast sharply with our own．Science and technology has turned our world into a global village．The term﹣global village﹣was （4）by Marshal Mcluhan．It is used to describe the （5）of the world as a result of the mass media．Nowadays，the mass media is able to bring （6）from all corners of the globe into people's homes．Communication technologies make it possible to connect with people in other countries on the phone and the Internet．Modern transportation systems also （7）to the creation of the global village．Now astronauts can （8）around the globe in eighty minutes．The moon is already within our range of travel，and the addition of Mars is just a （9）of time．A visit to major cities such as New York，London，and Tokyo shows that movement of people from one country to another has become commonplace．People everywhere are gaining （10），and this is just the beginning．Our mobility places us in （11）with people from other cultures．And when we meet，we need to communicate．In fact，we must communicate．This communicative behavior is called （12）communication．It occurs whenever a message sender is a member of one culture and a message receiver is of another．We may find intercultural communication difficult．Even if we overcome the natural （13）of language differences，we may fail to understand and to be understood．Misunderstanding may even become the rule （14）the exception．In order to communicate effectively and appropriately in English，we need，（15）to become aware of the interrelationship between language and culture．Language is part of culture and plays an important role in it．Without language，culture would not be possible．（1）A．refers to B．appeals to C．devotes to D．connects to（2）A．company B．form C．need D．maintenance （3）A．transferred B．transplanted C．transformed D．formed（4）A．developed B．coined C．made D．charted（5）A．changing B．reformation C．shrinking D．sinking（6）A．evidence B．convenience C．events D．accidents（7）．A．contribute B．owe C．distribute D．attribute（8）A．circle B．cycle C．circulate D．surf（9）A．matter B．coming C．result D．future（10）A．freedom B．pleasure C．chances D．mobility（11）A．contract B．contrary C．contact D．contrast（12）A．foreign B．domestic C．intercultural D．inner（13）A．cause B．barriers C．resolution D．foundation（14）A．other than B．rather than C．in addition to D．or rather（15）A．therefore B．otherwise C．nevertheless D．however Section B（22分）Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.17．（8分）As degrees have become more common，their importance as signaling devices is rising．A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman of Harvard Business School found that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees，even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them．This increases the graduate premium﹣but by punishing non﹣graduates rather than boosting the absolute returns to degrees．Analysis by The Economist of American census data finds that between 1970 and 2015 the share of workers aged 25﹣64 with at least a bachelor's degree increased in 256 out of 265 occupations．Some of these are intellectually demanding jobs that changed a lot over that period，such as aerospace engineer or statistician．Others are non﹣graduate jobs such as waiting tables．Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees﹣perhaps，in most cases，because they could not find a graduate job．But other jobs that are mostly done by graduates，such as journalism，nursing and teaching in primary schools，used to require only shorter training，often received while working．Today，having a degree is usually an entry requirement．26.5m workers in America﹣two﹣thirds of those with degrees﹣are doing work that was mostly done by non﹣graduates a half﹣century ago．Advances in technology have doubtless made some of these jobs more demanding．But not all of them，at least judging by pay．We find only a weak link between higher shares of graduates in an occupation and higher salaries．For around half of the occupations that employ higher shares of graduates now than a half﹣century ago，real wages have fallen．Andreas Schleicher，the head of education research at the OECD，reckons that "countries have skills shortages，not degree shortages"．The way universities have come to monopolise higher education，he says，is a problem in part because universities do not suit all kinds of learners．And university dropouts tend to see little in the way of financial benefit from the part of their course that they have finished．（1）According the first paragraph，the demand for degrees．A．means a majority of staff in company are now have degrees．B．enables those with degrees to earn more money．C．signals that non﹣graduates will find it more difficult to find a job．D．leads to those non﹣graduates being punished by their employers．（2）What can be learned from the text？A．Non﹣graduate jobs such as waiting tables now need a college degree．B．Some jobs that are mostly done by graduates，such as journalism must go through training．C．Degrees don't necessary lead to higher wages．D．Most graduates receive higher salaries now than a half﹣century ago．（3）What does the underlined word "monopolise" mean？A．promoteB．controlC．sponsorD．recognize（4）Which opinion will Andreas Schleicher most probably agree with？A．The emphasis on degrees will hinder the career choice for those without a degree．B．Countries should attach more importance on degrees．C．Universities dropouts tend to have more skills than graduates．D．Financial benefit is little for university degrees．18．（6分）University Room RegulationsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential （住宿的）rooms：electric blankets，hair dryers，personal computers，radios，televisions and DVD players．Items that are not allowed in student rooms include：candles，ceiling fans，fireworks，waterbeds，sun lamps and wireless routers．Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life．Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination （组合密码）for their room door locks upon check﹣in．Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone．The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others．The fee is ﹩25 to change a room combination．Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen．Students must clean up after cooking．This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff．Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use．With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food，students are not permitted to cook in their rooms．Pet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms．Students who are found with pets，whether visiting or owned by the student，are subject to an initial fine of ﹩100 and a continuing fine of ﹩50 a day per pet．Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect．If，one week from the date of written notice，the pet is not removed，the student is referred to the Student Court．Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University．Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11：00 pm to 8：00 am Sunday through Thursday．Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1：00 am to 8：00 am．Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of ﹩25．（1）Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms？A．Ceiling fans and waterbeds．B．TVs and electric blankets．C．Hair dryers and candles．D．Wireless routers and radios．（2）What if a student is found to have told his combination to others？A．The combination should be changed．B．He should be fined $25．C．The Office replace the door lock．D．He should check out of the room．（3）What can we learn from the passage？A．A microwave oven is allowed to be used．B．students enjoy a party in residences on 7：00 am，Sunday．C．A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen．D．No pets are permitted in student rooms．19．（8分）If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims（清教徒移民）sailed from Plymouth，England，to North America ﹣and the Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic﹣wrapped snacks ﹣their plastic waste would likely still be around，four centuries later．If the Pilgrims had been like many people today and had simply thrown their empty bottles and wrappers over the side，Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits．And those bits might still be floating around the world's oceans today，waiting to be eaten by unfortunate fish，and eventually perhaps by one of us．Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century，and production really only took off around 1950，we have a mere 9．2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with．Of that，more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste．And of that waste，a shocking 6.3 billion tons never made it to recycling facilities．No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean，Earth's last sink．In 2015，Jenna Jambeck，a university of Georgia engineering professor，caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate：between 5.3 million and 14 million tons each year just from coastal regions．Most of it isn't thrown off ships，she and her colleagues say，but is dumped carelessly on land or in rivers，mostly in Asia．It's then blown or washed into the sea．It's unclear how long it will take for that plastic to completely biodegrade （降解）．Estimates range from 450 years to never．Meanwhile，ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year．Nearly 700 species，including endangered ones，are known to have been affected by it．Some are harmed visibly ﹣﹣﹣strangled（勒死）by abandoned fishing nets．Many more are probably harmed invisibly．Marine species of all sizes，from fish to whale，now eat microplastics，the bits smaller than one﹣fifth of an inch across．On Hawaii's Big Island，on a beach to which no paved road，I walked ankle﹣deep through mocroplastics．After that，I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as an approaching disaster，worthmentioning in the same breath as climate change．And yet there's a key difference：Ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change．There are no mean waste deniers（否认者），at least so far．To do something aboutit，we have to remake our planet's entire energy system．"This isn't a Problem where we don't know what the solution is，" says Jambeck．"We know how to pick up garbage．Anyone can do it．We know how to deal with it．We know how to recycle．" It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems，she says ﹣﹣﹣ideally before the ocean tums，for centuries to come，into a thin soup of plastic．（1）In the first paragraph the author emphasizes the fact that．A．British people migrated to America four centuries ago．B．people have kept doing research in plastic for four centuries．C．there was no plastic pollution four centuries ago．D．plastic waste would remain in the ocean for four centuries．（2）How are marine animals harmed invisibly by ocean plastic？A．They eat microplastics．B．They drown in microplastics．C．They are coated with waste plastic bags．D．They are struggling in abandoned plastic nets．（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？A．People all agree reducing plastic production is the solution．B．People all agree plastic waste has caused ocean plastic．C．It has been scheduled to reverse the trend of climate change．D．It has been scheduled to reverse the trend of ocean plastic．（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage？A．Ocean Plastic and Climate Change．B．To Biodegrade or to Recycle？C．Planet or Plastic？D．Earth's Last Sink．Section C（8分）Directions：Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）A．This means that it's not that math itself hurts；rather，the anticipation of math is painful．B．Researchers have developed a mind﹣reading device that can retrieve images from the person's memory with the help of brain scans．C．For most students，math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain．D．Using a brain﹣scan machine，scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle，their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain．E．The higher a person's anxiety of a maths task，the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection，and the experience of pain．F．Most students，especially girls，are extremely scared of math．Does solving a math problem give you a headache？Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam？（1）Scientists came to his conclusion with an in﹣depth experiment，which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal．They began by finding out how much participants fear math．Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson．Based on their answers，participants were divided into groups．One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject．Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks．When a math task was going to come next，a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come，a blue square would be shown．（2）It was like the pain they would fee，for example，if they burnt their hand on a hot stove．But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task．However，scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group．Math can be difficult，and for those with high levels of mathematics﹣anxiety （HMA），math is associated with tension，apprehension and fear．"When you are really thinking about the math problems，your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that couldgo wrong，" explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago，US，leader of the study．"（3）"More interestingly，the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks．"（4）" Lyons said．Based on the study，scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math，which might mean they perform better in tests．IV. Summary Writing（10分）21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．The rise of multinational corporations，global marketing，new communications technologies，and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR．Surprisingly，since modern PR was largely an American invention，America's relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries．Ten years ago，for example，the world's top five public relations agencies were American﹣owned．In 1991，only one was．The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative．A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities，compared to about one﹣third of U．S．companies．It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR．Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race？First，Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs．Knowledge of world geography，for example，has never been strong in this country．Secondly，Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language．Less than 5 percent of Burson﹣Marshall's U．S．employees know two languages．Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage．Conversely，some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language．Finally，people involved in PR abroad tend to keepa closer eye on international affairs．In the financial PR area，for instance，most Americansread the Wall Street Journal．Overseas，their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist，publications not often read in this country．Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable NewsNetwork）．Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts．According to Turner，global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such things as foreign．第II卷（共40分）V. Translation（15分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）多吃富含维他命的蔬菜和水果有助于保持身体健康．（maintain）23．（3分）救援人员千方百计去营救困在井下的工人．（lengths）24．（4分）经过一年的努力，他的各科在班上名列前茅，然而他却把成功归功于他身边的人们．（owe）25．（5分）正是为了人民的利益，一些政府官员抵制金钱和权力的诱惑，将经济改革进行到底．（It）．VI. Guided Writing（25分）26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．近年来英语学习热持续升温，许多幼儿园开设了英语课．然而，许多专家认为孩子不宜过早学习外语，应该先学好中文．请就幼儿园是否应该开设英语课谈谈你的看法并说明理由．2020年上海市高考英语二模试卷（B卷）参考答案与试题解析第I卷（共100分）I. Listening Comprehension（25分）Section ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．In a gym．B．In a department store．C．In a shoe﹣repair shop．D．On the playground．【解答】B2．（1分）A．She appreciates the man's help．B．She worked hard on her speech．C．Her speech was somewhat long．D．She should have made better preparation．【解答】B3．（1分）A．Forty．B．Thirty．C．Fifteen．D．Twenty．【解答】A4．（1分）A．Indifferent．B．Apologetic．C．Excited．D．Disappointed．【解答】D。

上海市奉贤区2020届高三下学期二模考试英语试卷一、完型填空 本大题共1道小题。

1.Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has ___21___ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.This is ___22___ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas —which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to ___23___ happiness, people should "build a life that requires ___24___ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea ___25___: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of ___26___ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. ___27___ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he ___28___ his decision to his dining partner —which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts —and always lets them pick.While it’s ___29___ what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more ____30____ than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设)：If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a ____31____. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, ____32____ you introduce more choices.When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their ____33____. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.答案第20页，总21页As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly ____34____ brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices ____35____ that ability out.21. A. relieved B. released C. eliminated D. liberated22. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed23. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. seek24. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder25. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part26. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored27. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of28. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits29. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable30. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing31. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache32. A. after B. before C. when D. until33. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction34. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct35. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put答案及解析：1.21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A这是一篇说明文。

2020届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A brief history of Chopsticks.We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B．C．, and by A．D．500 chopsticks 1．(sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings 2．cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye.Chopsticks 3．(develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The 4．(early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 B．C．,crafty chefs figured out 5．to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius ( 孔子)，6．expressed in one of his numerous quotations:“ the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, he believed that knives’ sharp points ev oked( 诱发) violence 7．(kill) the happy, contented mood that should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first 8．(create) the now-ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black 9．it came into contact with poisoned food.Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another stapleof Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long- grain rice. 10．chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it's a match made in heaven.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, 11．the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public service that 12．the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly 13．with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, 14．with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this 15．some problems—either people weren’t home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained 16．among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men conceived of a gluy 17．that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family, officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to 18．his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp 19．describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate 20．Suddenly, the country seeme d a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty year.The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas.The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market 21 in the United States.Because of it, many households were forced to 22 their expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 23 surroundings At the same time, awareness of the 24 impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on 25 a tourist cap.Staycation appears like a great solution for the 26 above mentioned. It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's 27 and the environment.28 , staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.Apart from the financial 29 gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 30 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used;31 , other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored.This allows people's carbon footprints not to 32 as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 33 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no 34 to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time.Given the multiple 35 of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.21．A．value B．sector C．crisis D．shares 22．A．restrict B．bear C．avoid D．meet 23．A．cheerful B．immediate C．polluted D．attractive 24．A．limited B．financial C．cultural D．environmental 25．A．introducing B．stopping C．postponing D．raising 26．A．challenges B．assessment C．tasks D．applications 27．A．voyage B．mind C．pocket D．hometown 28．A．In addition B．For example C．In fact D．On the contrary 29．A．services B．advice C．resources D．savings 30．A．emissions B．exposure C．vehicles D．strategies 31．A．therefore B．instead C．however D．moreover 32．A．last B．fall C．increase D．change 33．A．historic B．present C．critical D．climatic 34．A．good B．harm C．blame D．rush 35．A．advantages B．challenges C．platforms D．themesBrooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬) Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets. She wondered: ―What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas. Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch. ―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke. ―It comes up immediately on the screen on their end. It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St. Paul, Minn.After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division. ―I just lead her down the product development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a d og treat device the owner can remotely activate.One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling. Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, ―so the kids don’t get bu ried in data.she said.36．Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A．“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition.B．A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.C．A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.D．A kid-invented device calm dogs’ separation anxiety.37．“iCPooch”calms pet dogs by ________.A．allowing video chatB．making dogs sleepC．answering the callD．giving them food38．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentor”A．competitor B．assistant C．instructor D．companion 39．What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A．They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B．They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C．They cope with the problems related to computers.D．They are all accomplished through individual work.This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the yen, the euro,and the dollar...stop reading.Because this is a story aboutthe sliver coin EVERYBODY wants.You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.And right now, those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest high-grade coins.That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45(plus s/h)．Timing is EverythingOur advice? Keep this to yourself.Because the more people who know about this offer, the worse it is for you.Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records.Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again.Due to rapid changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice.Supplies are limited.Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too late.Offer Limited to 40 per household2012 American Silver Eagle CoinYour cost 1-4 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h5-9 Coins $38.45 each＋s/h10-19 Coins $37.95 each＋s/h20-40 Coins $37.45 each＋s/hNote：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day1-888-201-7143Offer Code(代码) ASE177-04Please mention this code when you call.New York Mint14101 Southcross Drive W．，Dept.ASE177-04Burnsville, Minnesota 5533740．What is stressed in the ad?A．The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.B．The coin can be circulated as a currency.C．Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.D．Demand for the coin is bound to break records.41．If you buy six 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________. A．$230.7 B．$233.7 C．$240.7 D．$243.7 42．The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________. A．shopping onlineB．making a phone callC．lining up in front of the storesD．writing to the companyThe dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so-called “passenger drones(无人机)”—self-flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town—which could shrink commute(上下班往返) times from hours to minutes.At first glance, human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars. Until recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way. Yet a few companies have kept at it: Woburn, for example, has since 2006 been developingTransition, a “roadable aircraft” that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive on roads. A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell, however, as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot’s license and take to the skies.Passenger drones, by contrast, would operate autonomously and leave the “roadable” part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist. Passenger drone designs favor “distributed electric propulsion(推进),” meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own, smaller motor. This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight—factors that could make them cheaper to operate. Quieter electric power would make the noise tolerable to city residents, although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift, and for how long.With any of these vehicles, safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft and the automated systems flying them. Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or, say, the local news channel’s traffic helicopter. Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough, but even the best AI struggles with surprises: What, for example, would a drone do if a landing area suddenly became unavailable? asks Sanjiv Singh, a Carnegie Mellon University robotics researcher. Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones, he suggests first testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo(货物)runs, and adoptin g a “mixed mode” approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co-pilots.Technical challenges aside, start-ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to convince the public to give their drones a whirl, something that requires a much bigger leap of faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car. Passenger drone makers are “obviously still in the incubation(孵化) stages of technology development and improving the basics,” says Mike Hirschberg, executive director of the American Helicopter Society International. “But 20 or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage of the third dimension and have much more mobility, especially in urban close quarters where ground transportation i s gridlocked.”The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap. Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing, analysis, regulation and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology becomes a viable transportationoption. “There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets the industry back for some time,” he says.43．Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because______.A．people don’t have the courage to take the cars to the air.B．people are unwilling to train for a pilot’s license.C．people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely.D．it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together.44．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones?A．It can lift more weight. B．It is lighter in weight.C．It makes less noise. D．It is simpler in mechanical design. 45．What is Hirschberg’s attitude towards passenger drones?A．disapproving B．neutralC．skeptical D．cautiously optimistic46．We can learn from the passage that ______.A．artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic.B．human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers.C．the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future.D．the public’s distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can identify with the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives . 47．However , there is a negative side to boxing . 48．Although boxers wear gloves duringthe fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. 49．Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it.50．I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like competitive sports , and so do I , but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.A．Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .B．I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing .C．In my personal opinion, boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have a try. D．Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts.E.Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxingF.It is likely to threaten personal safety of people.51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e- cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch t een smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D．V olkow, M.D．“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D．, the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52．在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗。

2020届上海各区高三二模英语试卷中译英汇编2020年上海市各区高三年级第二学期高考模拟试卷（二模）英语试卷选编（中译英部分）目录宝山区 (1)崇明区 (2)奉贤区 (2)虹口区 (2)金山区 (3)闵行区 (3)浦东新区 (3)徐汇区 (4)嘉定区 (4)声明：本材料仅供教师备课、考生复习之用，相关版权归著作权人所有。

各区排名不分先后。

提示：本文档已编排电子目录，在目录相应条目上按住Ctrl键并单击鼠标可直接追踪链接；亦可使用“导航窗格”。

宝山区1.我们不惧风雨，也不畏任何险阻。

(or)2.戴口罩是阻止病毒传播的有效方式。

(keep)3.时不我待，时间和历史都属于奋进者。

(as)4.生命重于泰山，疫情就是命令，防控就是责任。

(issue)1.We are not afraid of winds and rains, or any kind of difficulties.2.Putting on a face mask is an effective way to keep virus from spreading.3.Time and tide wait for no one as time and history are both on the side of hard workers.4.Life is of great importance. When a terrible disease / an epidemic breaks out, a command is issued. It is ourresponsibility to prevent and control it/ the disease.崇明区1.孩子的每一点进步对父母来说都很重要。

(mean)2.在某种程度上，这种新措施有可能缓解这个城市的交通堵塞。

(possibility)3.从来没有人不努力就能成功，所以你必须制定一个切实可行的计划，并付诸于行动。

上海市静安区2020届高三二模英语试题考生注意：1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

全卷共 12 页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bookstore. B. At a library. C. At an art gallery. D. At a travel agency.2. A. The man is allowed to pay his registration fees until Friday.B.If the man pays on Friday, he will pay a late fee.C.The man will not be fined for not paying on time.D.The man is allowed to pay after Friday for good reasons.3. A. She read it from cover to cover. B. She read it selectively.C. She read it chapter by chapter.D. She finished reading it overnight.4. A. She felt very sorry. B. She felt a bit annoyed.C. She felt shocked.D. She felt very excited.5. A. The furnished apartment was inexpensive.B.The man bought a furnished apartment.C.The furniture at the market is on sale every Sunday.D.The secondhand furniture he bought was very cheap.6. A. He feels guilty. B. He feels shameful.C. He is shameless.D. He is sensitive to outside criticism.7. A. He was in hospital for a long time.B.He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.C.He was seriously injured in a mine explosion.D.He was severely fined for speeding.8. A. Tony went skiing yesterday. B. Tony didn’t have much work to do.C. Tony doesn’t like watching sports.D. Tony likes watching sports better.9. A. They need more people to help them. B. They need some financial support.C. She has to leave soon.D. The idea is impractical.10. A. Jane was lucky enough not to be caught in the rain.B.Jane was caught in the rain because she walked home.C.Jane had to walk back home in spite of the heavy rain.D.It was raining hard when Jane came back on foot.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Staying on gum trees all day long. B. Having a daily diet of gum leaves.C. Looking for food in an extensive area.D. Storing its leafy diet in a large tube.12. A. Because it lives only in wet land. B. Because its body gets slightly wet.C. Because it sucks its mother’s milk.D. Because it rarely drinks water.13. A. It leaves its mother half a year after birth.B.It has been carried on its mother’s back since its birth.C.It is tended in its mother’s pouch (育儿袋) and then carried on her back.D.It stays in its mothe r’s pouch for a year after birth.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Sell it at a local shop. B. Refuse the marriage gift.C. Just keep it for later use.D. Exchange it for something useful.15. A. Because he hopes to have as many as three children.B.Because he has to make a fortune for his wife’s family.C.Because he has no other gifts to exchange at marriage.D.Because it is a necessary part at a marriage ceremony.16. A. What the importance of bride service is.B.How marriage customs vary in different cultures.C.What a wedding ceremony is like in the USA.D.How we express good wishes to new couples.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. French food was the healthiest food in the world.B.French food was supposed to be the best in the world.C.French food was no better than British food.D.French food was delicious.18. A. By car. B. By coach. C. By train. D. By ship.19. A. Uncooked bacon (培根) and eggs. B. Fish and chips.C. A big French breakfast.D. Delicious English breakfast.20. A. The man’s parents are both teachers. B. The man is from Britain.C. The man has been to France many times.D. The man likes French food very much.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Shop Where It’s OK to Be DifferentWhen Angela Makey knew her autistic (患自闭症的) son Adam wanted to open a comic shop, she laughed out loud. She knew he’d been keen on comics since childhood. But how would he deal with customers and suppliers and all the other jobs (21) are necessary for running a business?At that time, Adam was looking for a job. He had a degree in philosophy and had learned to live independently, but there didn’t seem to be any suitable jobs for him. The family (22) (hope) he and his younger brother Guy, also with autism, could find work that matched their strengths: reliability, punctuality and attention to detail. But there were no available opportunities.So the “laughable” comic shop idea began to grow on Angela. Eventually, she used her savings to buy a shop in Cambridgeshire, and seven years ago Niche Comics (23) (bear).Like many autistic people, Adam loves comics for their world of rich detail and visual expression. He developed an interest in Marvel comic heroes on TV (24) he was seven years old. “They are a reminder (25) it’s OK not to be like everyone else,” Adam said. He’s now 30, and comics and their heroes are still part of his life.In the comic shop, the brothers share their encyclopedic (渊博的) knowledge of comics with customers. The brothers act as guides in this universe, (26) (introduce) customers to new comics.The shop attracts many autistic customers. And being autistic (27) turns out to be a big help for the brothers to deal with customers. They are good at (28) (spot) thecustomers’ needs and feelings. “Maybe it’s the tone of the voice, the motion of a hand — small details that most people won’t pick up on — that I might have insight (深刻理解) into,” says Guy. Of course, the majority of customers who come to the shop are not autistic. Now the brothers get a steady stream of customers who are, both male and female, (29) young children to retired people. Once the shop had established itself, the brothers also began reachingout to people with autism beyond the shop.Seven years on, Angela is glad she took the risk of helping her sons (30) (create) their dream shop. “This shop has a soul,” the mother says proudly.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.New E-Commerce Law Takes EffectChina’s new e-commerce law, which was passed last August, took effect on January 1. The law comes amid the rapid development of China into the world’s largest e-commerce market.The law aims to regulate the market and create a sound (31) environment. It covers the requirement for registration and licensing of e-commerce operators, taxation, electronic payment, etc. It also (32) other important aspects of e-commerce, including false advertising, consumer protection, data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity.The new law will apply to three types of operators. These include e-commerce (33) operators like Taobao, third-party merchants who sell goods and services on e-commerce platforms, and online vendors ( 供应商 ) who do business via other network (34) , such as social media sites. It means that merchants who sell goods through non-traditional e-commerce platforms, such as WeChat, will fall under the new law. These sellers will now need to finish their business registration and pay (35) taxes.The law will make all e-commerce platform operators (36) responsible with the merchants for selling any fake or knock-off goods on their websites. Before the law took effect, individual merchants were solely responsible when caught selling liable (负有偿付责任的) goods.The implementation of the law may bring (37) on online retail (零售) companies and merchants selling goods through social media sites. Many private shopping agents (known as daigou) are considering whether to continue the service under the new policy since it will increase the management cost and lead to a rise in the product price.But the new law does not aim to (38) small to medium sized online retailer. Instead, it helps lay the legal foundation for the growth of the e-commerce business industry, (39) order in the market and further promotes its growth.Besides, the law will help clean up China’s reputation as a (40) source of fake or knock-off goods. In the long term, consumers will benefit from it.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Saving Wildlife Benefits HumansIt’s no secret that we’ve lost an ov erwhelming number of species within that last four decades. These species have all but 41 due to overpopulation, deforestation, consumer culture, climate change, animal exploitation, and other harming sources — all brought about by mankind.One of the first great rules of terrestrial (陆地的) biology is “no species is forever.” 42 ,this rapid loss of species today is estimated to be between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate. As increasingly accepted theories have argued, we are now in the midst of the sixth great 43 .The Earth consists of plants, animals, water, land, the atmosphere, and humans. Biodiversity (生物多样性) 44 the health of the planet and has a great impact on all our lives. Reduced biodiversity means a future where food supplies are vulnerable (易受攻击的) to pests and disease, and fresh water is in short supply. If biodiversity 45 impacts our lives in such big ways, then our conservation (环保) efforts don’t just benefit the environment, they benefit us, too.One convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation efforts is that it ensures food46 . Wildlife conservation promotes agricultural biodiversity, which plays an important role in building a secure and healthy food system. When agricultural biodiversity is 47 and land is cleared for agriculture, extensive habitat loss takes place, as well as undocumented loss of species and massive soil erosion (侵蚀).Another benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that these 48 protect human health. Conservation International reports that “more than 50 percent of modern medicines and more than 90 percent of traditional medicines come from wild plants an d animals.”49 , a world that promotes healthy ecosystems and biodiversity provides crucial buffers (缓冲) between disease and humans. A number of studies have 50 reduced diversity among mammal (哺乳动物 ) species and overall decreases in biodiversity to an increase in the transmission ( 传播) of animal-born diseases to humans.Perhaps the most convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that it provides us with 51 , whether it be economically or socially. Increasing biodiversity and healthy ecosystems improve agricultural productivity, thereby allowing farms to become more 52 . Healthy ecosystems that are home to unique species 53 tourists from around the world, which helps the local economy and invites in a new fusion of investment.Our unsustainable, unconscious, self-interested relationship with the environment has led us into an extremely destructible world. If we do not take action and 54 changing our ways, we are at risk of losing more vital and 55 ecosystems and biodiversity, or at least until the sixth great extinction claims one final species: our own.41. A. changed B. existed C. disappeared D. evolved42. A. Furthermore B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise43. A. extinction B. destruction C. evolution D. immigration44. A. threatens B. localizes C. strengthens D. endangers45. A. infrequently B. potentially C. regionally D. directly46. A. management B. inspection C. development D. security47. A. identified B. cultivated C. exploited D. valued48. A. initiatives B. consequences C. intentions D. contributions49. A. In addition B. After all C. In particular D. By contrast50. A. adapted B. turned C. adjusted D. linked51. A. protections B. opportunities C. services D. nutrients52. A. standard B. welcome C. scarce D. profitable53. A. discourage B. attract C. forbid D. 54. A. feel like B. keep on C. set about D. 55. A. irreplaceable B. unpredictable C. unlimited D. Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Tea, the most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium (一千年) BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the drink first appeared in England. It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, reaching the Continent by the way of Venice around 1560, with regular shipments by 1610.Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at £6 to £10 per pound, touting ( 兜售) its virtues at “making the body active and lusty (健壮的)”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”.Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税收) from taxes on liquor sales. By 1750 tea had become the favoured drink of Britain’s lower classes.A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mid-18th century the duty on tea had reached a ridiculous 119 percent. This heavytaxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry — tea smuggling ( 走私 ). Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church!Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate (掺假) the tea with other substances, such as willow and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves.Finally, in 1784 William Pitt the Younger introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe punishment for the practice.56.According to the passage, tea drinking .A.is the favorite pastime of the DutchB.is an important British traditionC.was well-received by the Portuguese centuries agoD.could be found everywhere in the world in 156057.Who might be annoyed by the popularity of the tea?A.Coffee house owners.B. Wine sellers.C. Britain’s lower classes.D. Smugglers.58.Which of the following statements about tea smuggling is TRUE?A.Churches provided convenience for smuggling.B.Fishermen and farmers contributed a lot to tea industry.C.Underground passages and boats were ideal hiding places for tea.D.The government encouraged tea smuggling for taxes on tea.59.How was the order of the tea market finally restored in Britain?A.By passing an act related to a tax rise.B.By imposing mild punishment.C.By punishing those who sold fake tea.D.By mixing redried used leaves with fresh tea leaves.(B)These are pages pasted on a college bulletin board. It lists part-time job vacancies on campus this semester.be on site from 3pm to 5pm. Attractive salary and good benefits package, including chances to exchange to foreign countries, are offered to junior and senior year students with excellent secretarial skills, the ability to communicate, an outgoing personality and a strong sense of responsibility.Please hand in applications with photo, and email to uniied@, or call 400-800-100 during office hours to get further information.International Exchange Department Advanced Math Teaching Assistants in NeedThe Mathematics Department is looking for two Advanced Math teaching assistants. The job is mainly to help freshmen students to deal with math assignments and projects, as well as prepare them for final exams in Week 16.We hope those applying for the position could meet the following requirements. First, it’s necessary for the applicants to be skilled at math. Second, he/she should have at least 2 As in math-related courses with GPA no less than 4.0. Third, the job asks for excellence in both professional skills and patience.For those who are interested in the position, please send your résumé to unimd@ before September 15th.Part-time Job RecruitmentDr. Jessica Smith Mathematics DepartmentTechnology Support Department lacks several assistants to work at its help desk.Contents: A customer service job — answering questions, helping people solve their computer problems, providing basic teaching to new users, etc.Requirement: the Advanced Computer Test certificate; good interpersonal skills; enthusiasm.Work hours: from 6 a.m. to 2 a.m.early mornings (6 a.m.-9 a.m.): 2 personsmornings (9 a.m.- 12 a.m.): 1 personafternoons (12 p.m.- 6 p.m.): (full)evenings (6 p.m. - 11 p.m.): (full)late nights: (11 p.m.-2 a.m.): 2 personsweekends: 3 personsIf you are interested, please come to Luking Library 2F (East Side) Room 213 and fill the forms. An interview will be arranged afterwards. New position for the next semester will be released in December.Mr. Luke JohnsonTechnology Support Department60.If you get the position as a secretary, you .A.have to assist in English cornerB.have a tight schedule during the weekC.have the chance to be an exchange student in foreign universities anytime duringuniversityD.must be a native English speaker who can speak fluent Chinese61.Why are there so many job vacancies in Technology Support Department?A.Because the interview is challenging.B.Because applicants have to fill in complicated forms.C.Because applicants have to work irregular hours.D.Because the Advanced Computer Test certificate is too difficult to obtain.62.Which of the following statements is correct according to the advertisements?A.The advertisements can be found on the school website.B.Call for further information of math teaching assistants before September 15th.C.More job vacancies in the Mathematics Department will be available in December.D.The International Exchange Department needs a communicative and responsible secretary.(C)China has long been tipped to be the next Silicon Valley, but now the finances and support are in place to make it happen.There is a growing consensus ( 共识 ) that while Silicon Valley is not about to disappear anytime soon, its next biggest rival is already on the verge of bursting onto the international scene — not in the US, nor in the EU, but in Asia. More specifically, China.This is not just an observation based on the rise of companies like Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent. It is grounded in a more widespread move to fund start-ups in Asia to the point where more money is being invested there than in Europe. Just five years ago, Europe and Asia are neck and neck in terms of investment.In 2013, Europe made slightly more deals, 1550 compared to Asia’s 1071, but the total value of investment was $7bn. Just five years later, Asia is now four times the size of Europe with twice as many deals carried out.Between 2013 to 2018, the number of deals in Asia increased nearly fivefold, and their value leapt to $81bn, compared to the $21bn raised in Europe. The Asian figure also shows that the continent is closing the gap on the US which saw $105bn worth of deals.One of the main reasons that makes the country so attractive is not just the huge growth in investment and high education standards, but also local and national governmental support benefiting tech companies.In fact, one of the conclusions of a recent Fortune tech conference was that China’s tech companies will soon be beating American companies on their home turf. One of the reasons is that investors believe US immigration policy is making it more difficult for the best talent around the world to find work there. Plus, Chinese companies are now able to start paying salaries that cankeep pace with those on offer in Silicon Valley.Hence, when Ian Roger, Chief Digital Official at luxury group LVMH was asked where he thought the next Facebook or Google would come from, he suggested it would be a close call between Silicon Valley and China. The latter had the investment that is needed as well as a hard work culture of a six-day week. It also has a superb education system and a huge population.As Silicon Valley appears to be heating up a little too hard for some people, China would appear to be warming up at just the right pace.63.What does the expression “on the verge of ” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.on the way ofB. on the list ofC. on the condition ofD. on the point of64.Which of the following is NOT a reason why China attracts foreign investment in techcompanies?A.High education standards.B. Huge growth in investment.C. Support from the government.D. Higher salaries than those in Silicon Valley.65.It can’t be inferred from the passage that .A.the US immigration policy is strict but talent-friendlyB.Ian Roger believes the next Google might come from ChinaC.employees of Baidu might be accustomed to overworkD.Chinese tech companies can provide highly competitive salaries now.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The total value of investment in Asia is four times that in Europe.B.Finances, high education standards and support make it possible for China to become thenext Silicon Valley. attracts worldwide best talents to tech companies.D.American tech companies will soon be beaten by those in China.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Your “Age” Says About YouImagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are?Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. (67)Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old — while others fade.(68) It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted ( 外向的 ) and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages.However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic ( 神经质的 ) as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity.Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. (69) Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged —and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden —even when you control for other demographic ( 人口学的 ) factors such as education, race or marital status.(70) However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When Everything Gets SmartIt still feels magical to light up your living room by saying “Alexa, turn on the lights.” Tech companies are adding internet connections to just about everything you can imagine. Cars, door locks, toasters, refrigerators, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets. More and more technology powers are taking part in this trend —known by “the internet of things.”There is no denying that smart technology will lead to conveniences. You can use voice commands to turn on the lights, coffee maker and music. You can get reminders from your toothbrush to brush and tips on how best to do it. Thanks to the internet of things, you could live like the Beast in the Disney movie, with animated objects around taking care of your every need. That’s the appeal of smart homes for most people, and why they are supposed to be a $27 billionmarket by 2021.However, the facts are not always so rosy. The smart objects in your home can be a source of annoyance. Usually people have to download dozens of different apps to a smartphone to control everything, which means creating an account for each one of those apps. The fantasy of the smart home is that it will save us time and effort. But the trouble involved in getting various devices from different companies to work together means that many things may take longer to do.Worse still, there may be security risks. Smart home systems are part of a larger suite ( 套 ) devices, apps, websites and spaces that collect and analyze personal data about users. To get the full benefits of smart home systems, users must share their locations, routines, tastes in music, shopping history and so forth. It might manage your digital life quite well. On the other hand, however, providing so much personal information benefits companies like Amazon. As they gain access to users’ personal information, they may capitalize on ( 获利 ) it in the form of targeted advertisements. Perhaps that’s why Wired magazine says, “Amazon’s next big business is selling you.”Smartened everything comes with broader security concerns. Unsecured devices connected to the “internet of things” can be targets for hackers. Access to smart d evices might provide hackers a well-spring of useful data, including information about when users are home — or not.Considering the disadvantages, why not slow down a bit as we head toward an uncertain future?V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你没必要凡事亲力亲为。

2020届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A brief history of Chopsticks.We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork, but there’s another set of utensils(器皿) used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past. The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B．C．, and by A．D．500 chopsticks 1．(sweep) the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan. From their humble beginnings 2．cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter, there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye.Chopsticks 3．(develop) about 5000 years ago in China. The 4．(early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots. When resources became scare, around 400 B．C．,crafty chefs figured out 5．to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel, and besides, it could be cooked more quickly. This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius ( 孔子)，6．expressed in one of his numerous quotations:“ the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房) and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table.” As a vegetarian, he believed that knives’ sharp points ev oked( 诱发) violence 7．(kill) the happy, contented mood that should reign during meals. Thanks in part to his teachings, chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles. Perhaps in a nod to Confucius, Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end. In Japan, chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women. In 1878 the Japanese became the first 8．(create) the now-ubiquitous disposable set, typically made of bamboo or wood. Wealthy diners could eat with ivory, jade, coral, brass or agate versions, while the most privileged used silver sets. It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black 9．it came into contact with poisoned food.Throughout history, chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another stapleof Asian cuisine: rice. At first glance, you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut, but in Asia most rice is of the short- or medium-grain variety. The starches(淀粉质食品) in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy, unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long- grain rice. 10．chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice, it's a match made in heaven.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, 11．the image of Queen Victoria, but the first British postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England. In 1860, William Dockwra started a public service that 12．the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London. His system was quickly 13．with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfect system, 14．with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this 15．some problems—either people weren’t home or flat—out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained 16．among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ,during their subsequent meetings, the two men conceived of a gluy 17．that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family, officials were still not convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to 18．his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility. The winning stamp 19．describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate 20．Suddenly, the country seeme d a lot smaller. The penny black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty year.The term “staycation” means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place. It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas.The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market 21 in the United States.Because of it, many households were forced to 22 their expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget. The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to (re) discover their most 23 surroundings At the same time, awareness of the 24 impacts of tourism, especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too. And so did the perception that some of the main cities (abroad) are increasingly overloaded with people-- with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on 25 a tourist cap.Staycation appears like a great solution for the 26 above mentioned. It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's 27 and the environment.28 , staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport.Apart from the financial 29 gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful 30 in the ground. Cars, boats, and planes are not (or are less) used;31 , other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored.This allows people's carbon footprints not to 32 as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the 33 moment. It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy, There are no fully-booked days, and there is no 34 to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time.Given the multiple 35 of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.21．A．value B．sector C．crisis D．shares 22．A．restrict B．bear C．avoid D．meet 23．A．cheerful B．immediate C．polluted D．attractive 24．A．limited B．financial C．cultural D．environmental 25．A．introducing B．stopping C．postponing D．raising 26．A．challenges B．assessment C．tasks D．applications 27．A．voyage B．mind C．pocket D．hometown 28．A．In addition B．For example C．In fact D．On the contrary 29．A．services B．advice C．resources D．savings 30．A．emissions B．exposure C．vehicles D．strategies 31．A．therefore B．instead C．however D．moreover 32．A．last B．fall C．increase D．change 33．A．historic B．present C．critical D．climatic 34．A．good B．harm C．blame D．rush 35．A．advantages B．challenges C．platforms D．themesBrooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬) Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets. She wondered: ―What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas. Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch. ―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke. ―It comes up immediately on the screen on their end. It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St. Paul, Minn.After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division. ―I just lead her down the product development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a d og treat device the owner can remotely activate.One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling. Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, ―so the kids don’t get bu ried in data.she said.36．Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A．“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition.B．A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.C．A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.D．A kid-invented device calm dogs’ separation anxiety.37．“iCPooch”calms pet dogs by ________.A．allowing video chatB．making dogs sleepC．answering the callD．giving them food38．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentor”A．competitor B．assistant C．instructor D．companion 39．What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A．They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B．They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C．They cope with the problems related to computers.D．They are all accomplished through individual work.This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the yen, the euro,and the dollar...stop reading.Because this is a story aboutthe sliver coin EVERYBODY wants.You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.And right now, those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest high-grade coins.That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45(plus s/h)．Timing is EverythingOur advice? Keep this to yourself.Because the more people who know about this offer, the worse it is for you.Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records.Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again.Due to rapid changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice.Supplies are limited.Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too late.Offer Limited to 40 per household2012 American Silver Eagle CoinYour cost 1-4 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h5-9 Coins $38.45 each＋s/h10-19 Coins $37.95 each＋s/h20-40 Coins $37.45 each＋s/hNote：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day1-888-201-7143Offer Code(代码) ASE177-04Please mention this code when you call.New York Mint14101 Southcross Drive W．，Dept.ASE177-04Burnsville, Minnesota 5533740．What is stressed in the ad?A．The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.B．The coin can be circulated as a currency.C．Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.D．Demand for the coin is bound to break records.41．If you buy six 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________. A．$230.7 B．$233.7 C．$240.7 D．$243.7 42．The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________. A．shopping onlineB．making a phone callC．lining up in front of the storesD．writing to the companyThe dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so-called “passenger drones(无人机)”—self-flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town—which could shrink commute(上下班往返) times from hours to minutes.At first glance, human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars. Until recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way. Yet a few companies have kept at it: Woburn, for example, has since 2006 been developingTransition, a “roadable aircraft” that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive on roads. A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell, however, as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot’s license and take to the skies.Passenger drones, by contrast, would operate autonomously and leave the “roadable” part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist. Passenger drone designs favor “distributed electric propulsion(推进),” meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own, smaller motor. This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight—factors that could make them cheaper to operate. Quieter electric power would make the noise tolerable to city residents, although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift, and for how long.With any of these vehicles, safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft and the automated systems flying them. Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or, say, the local news channel’s traffic helicopter. Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough, but even the best AI struggles with surprises: What, for example, would a drone do if a landing area suddenly became unavailable? asks Sanjiv Singh, a Carnegie Mellon University robotics researcher. Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones, he suggests first testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo(货物)runs, and adoptin g a “mixed mode” approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co-pilots.Technical challenges aside, start-ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to convince the public to give their drones a whirl, something that requires a much bigger leap of faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car. Passenger drone makers are “obviously still in the incubation(孵化) stages of technology development and improving the basics,” says Mike Hirschberg, executive director of the American Helicopter Society International. “But 20 or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage of the third dimension and have much more mobility, especially in urban close quarters where ground transportation i s gridlocked.”The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap. Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing, analysis, regulation and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology becomes a viable transportationoption. “There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets the industry back for some time,” he says.43．Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because______.A．people don’t have the courage to take the cars to the air.B．people are unwilling to train for a pilot’s license.C．people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely.D．it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together.44．Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones?A．It can lift more weight. B．It is lighter in weight.C．It makes less noise. D．It is simpler in mechanical design. 45．What is Hirschberg’s attitude towards passenger drones?A．disapproving B．neutralC．skeptical D．cautiously optimistic46．We can learn from the passage that ______.A．artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic.B．human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers.C．the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future.D．the public’s distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can identify with the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives . 47．However , there is a negative side to boxing . 48．Although boxers wear gloves duringthe fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. 49．Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out, he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it.50．I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like competitive sports , and so do I , but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.A．Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .B．I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing .C．In my personal opinion, boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have a try. D．Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts.E.Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxingF.It is likely to threaten personal safety of people.51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e- cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch t een smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D．V olkow, M.D．“Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D．, the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52．在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗。

上海市2020届高三下学期高考英语二模试卷II.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Green Spring Renews Life’s PromiseFor me, two of the loveliest words in the English language are “Life persists”. I came across them years ago as a college freshman, sitting in the library on a beautiful spring day, bored, working on a history paper, I don’t recall (21) I was researching into. Out of nowhere, those two words came (22) (dance) off the page in a quote by Gandhi, “In the midst of death life persists, in the midst of untruth truth persists, in the midst of darkness light persists.”After those words (23) (read) again a dozen times, suddenly I was no longer bored. Outside in the sunshine, I kicked off my shoes and danced barefoot across a spring-green lawn.I love spring. And this year, I was especially hungry to see it. Flying home last weekend to Las Vegas, after 10 days in California, I looked down on hills that were so green that I (24)almost taste them. When I approached Vegas, the green turned a dull desert brown.We landed after sunset, and the only green to be seen was neon（霓虹灯）.But the next morning, to my surprise, I (25) (awake) to find signs of spring all over my yard. (26) my absence, all sorts of things had leafed and bloomed. Three days later, I drove toArizona to visit a friend and get yet another taste of spring seeing the Giants play the A’s in spring training. The drive across the desert was completely great, a variety of wildflowers and blooming cactuses.Sometimes we need the chance (27)(remind) that we’re still alive. After my husband died, a friend sent me a card which read: “Just(28)you think you will never smile again, life comes back.”Life persists, and so do (29) in the green of spring and the dead of winter, in the birth of a child and the passing of a loved one; in the words we leave behind and the hearts of those (30) will remember us. Spring reminds us that we’re alive forever.A. affordableB. culturalC. drivingD. influenceE. materialismF. outward-lookingG. resultedH. shapedI. sharing J. shift K. specializedSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there isone more word than you need.Curiosity and Globalization are Driving a New Approach to TravelToday’s political climate and negative hea dlines seem to point towards a more inward-looking global population - mindsnarrowing, borders going up. But with more people living and working overseas and becoming exposed to influences from different cultures, many of us are seeking a(n) 31 , connected world.According to the recently published study from Culture Trip, 60% of people in the US and UK say that their outlook on life is shaped by the 32 from different cultures. As a society, we not only want to discover and experience other cultures, we want to learn from them, too. This is one of the many positive side effects of globalization. At the same time, the economic landscape of the last decade has resulted in a shift in values away from 33 , with younger generations more interested in collecting experiences than possessions.Welcome to the “new culture economy”.The collision （碰撞）of two trends - globalization and the experienceeconomy - has 34a new attitude to travel, with cultural curiosity at its heart. This is the “new culture economy”. The phenomenon is havinga powerful impact on people’s interactions and definitions of35exploration, and presents an incredible commercial opportunity.While globalization is usually talked about in the context of the 36 of trade and capitalbetween countries, we shouldn’t forget that the 37 force behind it all it people. Education, travel, exposure to other customs and geographies andthe cultural integration（融合）are the moreinfluential social effects of globalization. People areincreasingly living or working in countries other than the ones in which they were born - more than half of respondents from the study have friends living overseas, all of which has 38 in more interaction with global cultures.Also, student debt and unafford-able housing have created a(n) 39in spending patterns, and so a new set of values has emerged in which experiences matter more than ownership. Travel is absolutely necessary to most people’s lives - in fact, nearly half of all respondents cut down ontheir daily expenses so they can save money to travel more. For “generation rent” in particular, no matter how expe nsive an experience or a trip, it is still more 40 than a house.III.ReadingComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Communication, One Major Part of theScientific MethodScientists may feel it their duty to share their guesses, methods, and findings with the rest of the scientific community .This sharing serves two 41 . First, it supports the basic deal ofskepticism（怀疑论）by making it possible for others to say,“Oh,yeah? Let me check that.”It tellsothers where to see what the scientist saw, and what techniques and tools to use. Second, it gets the word out so that others can use what has been discovered. This is essentialbecause science is a(n) 42 efforts. People who work thousands of miles apart build with and upon each other’s discoveries.The communication of science begins with “peer review”, a process of 43 an author’s scholarly work, research or ideas to the inspection of otherexperts. It typically has three stages. The first occurs when a scientists seeks funding - from government agencies, foundations, or other44 -- to carry out a research program. He or she must preparea report describing the intended work, laying out background, hypotheses（假设）, planned experiments, expected results, and eventhe 45 impacts on other fields. Committees of other scientists then 46 the report to see whether the scientist knows his or her area, has the necessary abilities, and is realistic in his or her plans.Once the scientist has the needed 47 , has done the work, and has written a report of the results, that reports will go to a scientific journal. Before publishing the report, the journal’s editors will show it to other workers in the same or 48 fields and ask whether the work was done adequately, the conclusion are justified, and the report should be published.The third stage of peer review happens are publication, when the broader scientific community gets to see and 49 the work.This three-stage quality-control process can, of course, be faulty.Any scientist withindependent wealth can 50 the first stage quite easily but such scientists are much, much rarer today than they were a century or so ago. Those who remain are the object of envy. 51 , it is fair to say that they are not disapprov ed as were those whoavoid the latter two stages of the “peer review” mechanisms by using press conferences.On the other hand, it is certainly possible for the standard peer review mechanisms to 52 . By their nature, these mechanisms are more likely to 53 ideas that are not different from what the reviewers think they already know. Yet the un-traditional or unconventional ideas are not 54 wrong, as Alfred Wegener proved when he tried to gain 55 for the idea of continental drift in the early twentieth century. It was not until the 1960s that most geologists accepted hisideas as genuine insights. 41. A. purposesB. dutiesC. interestsD. needs 42. A. innovativeB. prospectiveC. cooperativeD. plain 43. A. accustomingB. addictingC. restrictingD. subjecting 44. A. projectsB. sourcesC. unionsD. department 45. A. strongerB. more limitedC. more dramaticD. broader 46. A. look upB. go overC. long forD. call for 47. A. fundsB. fieldsC. impactsD. experiments 48. A. differentB. chosenC. relatedD. academic 49. A. substituteB. createC. judgeD. undertake 50. A. reachB. markC. holdD. skip 51. A. SimilarlyB. ContrarilyC. SurelyD. Therefore 52. A. failB. functionC. evolveD. work 53. A. convey B. overlook C. reject D. approve54. A. necessarily B. particularly C. dramatically D. terribly55. A. confidence B. acceptance C. strength D. weightSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)To Be a Deaf DJI was born in England with perfect hearing. In 1990, when I was five, my family moved to the United States. I started getting ear infections every three months or so. We didn’t have health insurance at the time, and when I got a third infection, my parentscouldn’t afford the treatment. I went deaf in my right ear and was left with 50 percent hearing in my left. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today. My doctors predicted that I would be thoroughly deaf by now, so I think I’m doing pretty well.There was always music on in my house in my childhood. I loved listening to Metallica, Led Zeppelin, Michael Jackson. My dad was a DJ, so he played disco, folk, rock, and music from other countries. For my 18th birthday, my dad asked me to deejay at the restaurant be owned.After doing that for a few weeks, I was hooded. I desired to learn more. I e-mailed DJ Shiftee, a distinguished New York City DJ, whenI was 25: “I know you like a challenge. How about teachinga deaf person to deejay?” He wrote back the next day; “Challenge accepted.” He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correcttechnique. I practiced four hours a day.Now when I’m performing, muscle memory takes over. When I started, I wouldn’t tell the club managers that I was deaf.I would just show up, introduce myself, and start playing music. At the end of thenight, someone would say, “Oh, here’s the check.” And I’d say, “What? Oh, I can’t hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctor’s notes because they wouldn’t believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, no out of sympathy. E ventually people started calling me “that deaf DJ,” and the name stuck.What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity. I usesoftware that turns the music into lines of color on a computer screen. I’m visually hearing the music. The next time you go dancing, cover your ears, and you’ll start seeing that you’re able to hear the music in a different way. Music is not all about hearing. I pay all sorts of get-togethers now, from college parties to corporate events. I also go to elementary schools for the deaf and talk to the students about motivation and believing in themselves. I’m big on talking to the parents. I tell them, “My advice to you is let your kids chase their dreams. I’m a deaf DJ, so why not?”56.Which of the following might result in the aut hor’s hearing loss?A.Monthly ear infection.B. Moving to the U. S.C. Family financial hardshipD. The doctors’ prediction.57.How did DJ Shiftee help the author during his youth?A.He taught him correct skills.B. He discovered his talent for DJ.C. He played at the restaurant for him.D. He cultivated his taste for foreign music.58.The underlined expression in Paragraph 3 “the name stuck” probablymeans that .A.the author was in low spiritsB. the author impressed people deeplyC.the audience felt disappointed by the playerD.the audience looked down upon the player59.We can conclude from the passage that the author loves deejayingbecause .A.working as a DJ involves innovationB.music helps him to see the world virtuallyC.he motivates the kids to realize their dreamD.he desires to challenge something impossible(B)FREE HomeschoolingIf you are reading this page you are looking into homeschooling. YAHOO! So proud of you for taking the road less traveled for your kids. It may not always be easy, but it is rewarding! 123 Home-school4Me is here to help you on your journey! We’ve got lots of tips, resources, andlesson plans to help you provide a solid, fun, and affordable education for your kids!Let me walk you through some homeschooling basics and how 123Homeschool4Me can help you home-school!Why HomeschoolingFor some it is a better education, impact of being socialized at school, passing on your faith, spending more time with your kids, helping your child with a special need, making learning fun, or any number of other reasons. Keep reminding yourself WHY you choose to home-school and make that your primary focus.How to Home-schoolDecided to Home-school after much careful research and thought●25 Reasons Why We Love Homeschooling●Find out the legal requirements to home-school in your state --every state has different requirements that you must follow to home-school legally - Homeschooling Laws in yourState●Follow any and all legal requirements to home-school legally (seeabove)●Pick a curriculum - you have tons of choices to fit your family andchildren●How to Choose a Home-school Curriculum●Our Curriculum Choices●Plan yo ur school year - with any state regulations in mind, pickwhen your school will start end, take breaks, what days of the week you will meet and for how long, and what pace you need to go through your curriculum to finish in a year.●Use these Free Home-school Forms to organize your year●How to Home-school in 15 Hours a Week●Don’t Home-school alone! Just becuase you aren’t sending your kidsto public or private school doesn’t mean they won’t be with othersfrom outside your family.●Getting Social in Your Home-schoolStart teaching your child - Your taught your child how to use the bathroom and put on their shoes. You can do this! Just dive in!Okay, so that was super simplified, I know! But really that is allyou need to start with. Make sure to read the links above for more information on each point.How to Start HomeschoolingMake Home-school FUN and Affordable! This is /doc/7b6132273.html, comes in! Mom leaves little time to think of fun, creative educational activities that make concepts stick. Plus the cost to buy cool games and additional worksheets for every little skill can be unacceptable!We’ve got you covered! This site is filled with thousands of creative ideas and 1,000,000+ FREE educational print-ables to make learning fun!60.According to the above material, 123Homeschool4Me is probably .A.a websiteB. a counselorC. a magazineD. an advertisement61.Which of the following might be a reason for parents to choosehomeschooling?A.Restoring the child’s faith.B. Getting social in the home-schoolC. Challenging the road less traveled.D. Tailoring the courses to kids’needs.62.123Homeschool4Me is likely to be quite appealing to the readers due to.A.simplified lesson plans and fun activitiesB.interesting games and affordable worksheetsC.free teaching resources and practical suggestionsD.detailed curriculum plans and free homeschooling(C)Changing the GameOn a warm September evening in London, The Arch climbing wall, just south of the River Thames, is packed. Scores of people wander around on the thick crash pads, chatting, waiting their turn and offering the odd shout of encouragement to those clinging on to the colourful climbing walls.Rock climbing was once classified as an “extreme sport”. But indoor centres like The Arch, which offer climbing without the need for rocks, are bringing it into the mainstream. The British Mountaineering Council estimates there are at least 248 public climbing walls in Britain, a number that has risen by 30% since 2010. In 2020 th e sport’s governing b odies are hoping to see an even bigger increase in interest. Along with skateboarding, surfing and karate（空手道）, rock climbingwill be making its first appearance as an Olympic sport at the summer games in Tokyo.The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is frank about the ambition to appeal to a younger crowd who may be less familiar with longer-standing sports such as athletics and weightlifting. The crowd at the Arch is exactly what the IOC has in mind: mostly young professional letting off steam after work, who see climbing as a more engaging ans sociable alternative to jogging on running machines or pumping iron in a gym. Between them, the new sports will mean another 18 events and 474 athletes at the Tokyo games.Officially, all four sports are delighted with their new status. But with the exception of karate, all of them have counter-cultural, anti-establishment roots. Some stars have wondered whether accepting the Olympic torch means going against their beliefs. Owen Wright, a famous surfer, has said that surfing is more art form than sport, and therefore not suitable for the games -though hehas since gone back on his word, and hopes to represent Australia in Tokyo.Adam Ondra, a Czech who is one of the world’s climbers, said he might steer clear of the games because of the format. The eventual Olympic champion will have to master all the three disciplines including bouldering (climbing without a rope, low to the ground, with a focus on hard, gymnastic moves), lead climbing (roped climbing up a tall wall of increasing difficulty) and speed climbing. Bouldering and lead climbing feature new routes in each stage of a competition, in an effort to imitate the variety of real rock. But speed climbing takes place on a standard, unvarying course. Because of this, said Mr. Ondra, “speed is a kind of artificial discipline ... and this is against the soul of climbing.”Skateboarders, also notably rebellious, can be strikingly young. Sky Brown is set to become Britain’s youngest Olympian and has settled down to training. By the time of the Tokyo games, she will have turned 12.63.Which of the following statements is true about rock climbing？A.It originated in The Arch, a sports centre on the River Thames.B.It has evolved from a mainstream sport into an extreme sport.C.Spectator’s encouragement contributes to its rapid expansion.D.The increase in climbing walls reflects a growing interest in it.64.IOC introduced rock climbing into the Olympics in ordertoA.familiarize the global population with the new sportB.attract young people who lack interest in traditional sportsC.enable the young to let off their energy after workD.challenge the dominant status of traditional sports65.What can you infer from the star athletes’ responses according to thepassage?A.Surfers are expected to strike a balance between art and sport in the Olympics.B.Rock climbers must be self-disciplined if they are to win the championship.C.Adam believes that the soul of climbing consists in its harmony with nature.D.Strikingly young skateboarders have an advantage over other opponents.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.With the addition of new Olympics sports, stars are divided on whether to participate.B.Rock climbing, skateboard, surfing and karate are accepted as Olympics sports.A. It all goes back to each country’s distinct cultural heritage.B. American stories are rooted in realism; even our fantasies are rooted in r ealism.C. Both boys are characterized by their unique roles, thus breathing life into the fancy stories.D. Meanwhile, the United States, also a major player in children’s classics, deals much less in magic.E. Britain’s time -honored countryside, with ancient castlesand restful farms, lends itself to fairy-tale invention.F. Both orphans t ook over the world of children’s literature, but their stories unfold in noticeabledifferent ways.C. Extreme sports athletes rebel against traditions while training for the Olympics.D. The appeal of a new sport event consists is changing for format of this game.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.How the British and American Tell Children’s StoriesIf Harry Potter and Huckleberry Finn were each to represent British versus Americanchildren’s literature, a curious situation would emerge : In a literary competition for the hearts and minds of children, one is a wizard （巫师）- in - training at a boarding school in the Scottish。

高三英语二模试题（含解析）Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers____1____ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching ____2____ they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.Many of history greatest discoveries ____3____（make）by curious people. People wondered ____4____ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology ____5____（help）them.Even if you don’t plan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you’ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better ____6____（inform）and thus a more capable worker.What do you do if you’re not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the ____7____（interesting）it becomes.As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don’t always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions ____8____ they express.Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows ____9____ that you don’t. Findout what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.In the classroom or out of it, ____10____（develop）curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.【答案】1. to 2. because3. were made4. how5. to help6. informed7. more interesting8. that/which9. something10. developing【解析】这是一篇说明文。

绝密★启用前上海市静安区普通高中2020届高三毕业班下学期第二次高考模拟考试英语试题2020年6月I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bookstore. B. At a library. C. At an art gallery.D. At a travel agency.2. A. The man is allowed to pay his registration fees until Friday.B. If the man pays on Friday， he will pay a late fee.C. The man will not be fined for not paying on time.D. The man is allowed to pay after Friday for good reasons.3. A. She read it from cover to cover. B. She read it selectively.C. She read it chapter by chapter.D. She finished reading it overnight.4. A. She felt very sorry. B. She felt a bit annoyed.C. She felt shocked.D. She felt very excited.5. A. The furnished apartment was inexpensive.B. The man bought a furnished apartment.C. The furniture at the market is on sale every Sunday.D. The secondhand furniture he bought was very cheap.6. A. He feels guilty. B. He feels shameful.C. He is shameless.D. He is sensitive to outside criticism.7. A. He was in hospital for a long time.B. He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.C. He was seriously injured in a mine explosion.D. He was severely fined for speeding.8. A. Tony went skiing yesterday. B. Tony didn’t have much work to do.C. Tony doesn’t like watching sports.D. Tony likes watching sports better.9. A. They need more people to help them . B. They need some financial support.C. She has to leave soon.D. The idea is impractical.10. A. Jane was lucky enough not to be caught in the rain.B. Jane was caught in the rain because she walked home.C. Jane had to walk back home in spite of the heavy rain.D. It was raining hard when Jane came back on foot.Section BDirections:In Section B， you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation， and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you。

2020年上海中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet has revolutionized our lives to such an extent (程度) that for most people, the global network has become more than just a tool but rather an important aid in everyday life. More and more people go online as wireless networks have brought the Internet closer and closer: it’s on our mobile phones, in our cars and TV sets, in hospital surgery rooms and in fishing boats that battle the waves of the Atlantic.And this revolution has brought along with it a new way of shopping. Both big and small, e-business websites have flooded the Internet by the hundreds of thousands. Anything you can buy from a brick and mortar store (实体店) you can also buy online: from food and clothes to toys, no matter what you’re looking for, you’re bound to find the right online store with just a few clicks of the mouse. You can use the Internet to find new suppliers, post buying requests or search for products and services.This revolution has affected brick and mortar business owners greatly. And what was their reaction? They’ve opened online stores to go hand in hand with their conventional business.But do the big players have reasons to be afraid? Are we going to start seeing ghostly, deserted Walmarts (沃尔玛) across the country? Probably not in the near future but the day will come when most people will just stop shopping offline anymore. A trip to Walmart wastes time, burns gas.The recent advancements in mobile technology and the introduction of mobile phones with enhanced (提高的) web capabilities have even made some people order their groceries when they get out from work and have them delivered at their doorstep by the time they get home. And as “Time is money”, this practice is lifesaving for people whowork two jobs.Technology will continue to advance and e-business will follow closely in its footsteps. Everything will become easier and less time consuming, leaving us more time to enjoy the things that really matter in life: the ones we love, our friends and hobbies.1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The popularity of mobile phones.B. The great influence of the Internet.C. The importance of the Internet.D. The function of the global network.2. In response to the threat of online business, the brick-and-mortar store owners________.A. have stopped their traditional businessB. have started their dislike of the InternetC. have established their own websiteD. have opened their online stores3. What would be the best title for the passage?A. A New Way of Shopping.B. The Internet Revolution.C. What is the Reaction to Online Shopping?D. Is Online Shopping the Future of E-business?BI was in the second year of my Ph. D. program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had an extra hour every day. Without much consideration, I said I would use it to help others. The question kept coming to my mind. Like many graduate students, I was overwhelmed (难以承受的) with research, teaching, coursework, and some attempt at a personal life. Still, I asked myself, "Do I really need a 25th hour to help other people-or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have?"I needed something to help me return to my old self. After that conversation with my colleague, I googled (谷歌搜索) “volunteer opportunities near me”. A local organization that drives people to stores or appointments was looking for volunteers. Having grown up in a rural village where everyone knew oneanother and my grandparents were always close by, I thought serving senior citizens in my new hometown might be just what I needed.A short time later, I started to volunteer for an organization that provides transportation for senior citizens and people with disabilities. To my surprise, adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to calm the confusion I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend, the time I otherwise would have wasted oversleeping or scrolling (滚屏) through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more rewarding. What they told me about their lives helped me realize that in every corner of the world, humans are connected with the languageof emotions. And seeing how eager my riders were to spend time out and about inspired me to think about how to spend my time, which used to slip away. My previously overwhelming schedule began to feel manageable.I'm proud of who I have become, and I continue to reflect on how I'm using the most valuable thing in life: my time.4. Why did the author ask himself the question in Paragraph 1?A. He wanted to return to normal life.B. He was busy but wanted to help others.C. He couldn't bear too much school work.D. He couldn't answer his colleague's question.5. How did the author find the volunteer job?A. A colleague recommended it.B. A local organization offered it.C. He got it from his grandparents.D. He got it by surfing on the Internet.6. What made the author feel his volunteer job was worth doing?A. Communicating with his riders.B. Improving his language learning.C. Meeting his grandparents often.D. Realizing his previous dream.7. How did volunteering influence the author?A. It helped himbecome confident and efficient.B. He found a good way to live a free and quiet life.C. He realized he had wasted too much time pursuing his Ph.D.D. It inspired him to spare more time to accompany his grandparents.CIn order to develop the pandemic-stricken economy, China recovered the street vendors（商贩）in a new nation-wide method known as “street stall economy'', allowing residents to set up open-air shops on the sidewalks or other available public spaces.Street vendors were once an important part ofChina's economy and urban landscape. However, sinceChina's economy took off in the last decade, street vendors have gradually disappeared from the streets and many of them opened shops of their own.Fast forward to today, street vendors have come into our sight again after cities such asChengduand Yantai succeeded in creating hundreds of thousands of jobs by giving street stalls permission to operate.China's tech industry was quick to jump on the street vendor trend, with tech giants including Alibaba, Tencent, Meituan and flocking todish outcheap loans, offer support and payment solutions to millions of owners of newly established small businesses.Ant Financial, Alibaba's fintech arm, promised its mobile wallet app Alipay will give interest-free loans to 30 million vendors, and 70 billion RMB of interest-free credit line to consumers to make purchases everywhere, including street vendors. provided 50 billion RMB worth of quality goods for street vendors, and provided each one of them with a maximum 100,000 RMB interest-free loan to stock up.Tencent's WeChat announced to offer payment solutions, marketing supports and even training for up to 50 million street vendors, with the end goal of digitally transforming them to increase their income.Guangzhoucity partnered with WeChat this month to hold a live streaming shopping festival to improve sales of local produce. In attempts to promote various live streaming platforms, many tech CEOs also made their own live streamed e-commerce debuts（首次亮相）selling goods coming from all over the country.8. What does the underlined part “dish out" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. turn down.B. provide with.C. pay off.D. apply for.9. Compared with and Tencent, what unique measure did Ant Financial take?A. It provides interest-free loans for vendors.B. It offers interest-free credit line to customers.C. It provides quality goods for street vendors.D. It offers marketing support to businessmen.10. What's the purpose of the cooperation between WeChat andGuangzhoucity?A. To volunteer to train street vendors.B. To give away free goods to the poor.C. To promote to develop the local economy.D. To help CEOs make their own streaming platforms.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Chengdu and Yantai Succeeded in Creating Job OpportunitiesB. "Street Vendor Economy” Greatly Increases People's IncomeC. The Whole Nation Are Involved in a New Economy ModelD.China's Major Tech Companies Are Helping With "Street Vendor Economy”DI was in the second year of my Ph. D. program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had an extra hourevery day. Without much consideration, I said I would use it to help others. The question kept coming to my mind. Like many graduate students, I was overwhelmed (难以承受的) with research, teaching, coursework, and some attempt at a personal life. Still, I asked myself, "Do I really need a 25th hour to help other people-or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have?"I needed something to help me return to my old self. After that conversation with my colleague, I googled (谷歌搜索) “volunteer opportunities near me”. A local organization that drives people to stores or appointments was looking for volunteers. Having grown up in a rural village where everyone knew oneanother and my grandparents were always close by, I thought serving senior citizens in my new hometown might be just what I needed.A short time later, I started to volunteer for an organization that provides transportation for senior citizens and people with disabilities. To my surprise, adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to calm the confusion I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend, the time I otherwise would have wasted oversleeping or scrolling (滚屏) through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more rewarding. What they told me about their lives helped me realize that in every corner of the world, humans are connected with the languageof emotions. And seeing how eager my riders were to spend time out and about inspired me to think about how to spend my time, which used to slip away. My previously overwhelming schedule began to feel manageable.I'm proud of who I have become, and I continue to reflect on how I'm using the most valuable thing in life: my time.12. Why did the author ask himself the question in Paragraph 1?A. He wanted to return to normal life.B. He was busy but wanted to help others.C. He couldn't bear too much school work.D. He couldn't answer his colleague's question.13. How did the author find the volunteer job?A. A colleague recommended it.B. A local organization offered it.C. He got it from his grandparents.D. He got it by surfing on the Internet.14. What made the author feel his volunteer job was worth doing?A. Communicating with his riders.B. Improving his language learning.C. Meeting his grandparents often.D. Realizing his previous dream.15. How did volunteering influence the author?A. It helped himbecome confident and efficient.B. He found a good way to live a free and quiet life.C. He realized he had wasted too much time pursuing his Ph.D.D. It inspired him to spare more time to accompany his grandparents.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市二中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoeswill last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BWhen I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices (装置) tell the time — which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007. This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions — but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planesacross the world.Watches are now classified as “investments” (投资). A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £ 350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £ 15,000 to £ 30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up — they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when of fashion. Prices may keep going up — they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that £ 350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Times.4. The author don’t need another watch because ________.A. he don’t like wearing a watchB. he has mobile phone and can ask someone for helpC. he has no sense of timeD. he thinks watches too expensive5. It seems ridiculous to the writer that________.A. expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sellB. expensive clothes sell better than cheap onesC. cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive onesD. people dive 300 metres into the sea6. What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage?A. It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.B. It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.C. It targets rich people as its potential customers.D. It’s easy for theindustry to reinvent cheap watches.7. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Timex or Rolex?B. My Childhood TimexC. Watches? Not for Me!D. Watches----a Valuable CollectionCMany teens may feel anxious sometimes. It’s the kind of nervousness that makes you bite your nails before a big test. We spend more time online than we should. We feel good about ourselves or bad based on how many Likes and Followers we get on social media. Young people are developing a false view of life.On the screen, we see what people want to show us. People usually only post photos where they are looking their best. They are surrounded by friends and seem that they are having a great time. No one seems sad or lonely. In short, life isfabulous. But sooner or later, our young people compare their real life to it. They find that theirs doesn’t seem as fun or exciting and grow worried that they may be missing out.No wonder teachers are reporting more anxious students. It’s reported that a lot more college students feel ―overwhelming anxiety. The percentage jumped from 50% in 2011 to 62% in 2016. Anxiety is now the most common mental-health problem in my country. It affects nearly one-third of teens and adults.Certainly, we can’t blame it on social media alone. We expect toomuch from our children and a lot of these expectations aren’t reasonable. Their schedules are packed with sports, clubs and homework. They don’t have enough free time. We want our children to succeed, and we don’t care how much it costs.As parents, we must have more balance. On one hand, we push too hard, and on the other hand, we makelife too easy for children. We shouldn’t and can’t promise our children that they will always be happy. We shouldn’t try to protect them from the problems of everyday life. Let them solve the problems in person.8. What is the text mainly about?A. What causes teens’ nervousness.B. How to deal with teens’ anxiety.C. What a view of life means to people.D. How to treat social media appropriately.9. What does the underlined word “fabulous” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Wonderful.B. Encouraging.C. Anxious.D. Doubtful.10. Why does the author mention the numbers in paragraph 3?A. To draw teachers’ attention.B. To show teachers’ mental problems.C. To present the seriousness of teens’ anxiety.D. To show adults have more problems than teens.11. What should parents do to help their children out?A. Try to meet their expectations.B. Help them with their homework.C. Give them more free time to play sports.D. Allow them to solve their own problems in life.DWhy isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies withsmall samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.12. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.13. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A. The public.B. The incentive initiators.C. The peer researchers.D.The high-impact journal editors.14. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.15. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市第二高级中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheBest Placeto Camp in Each StateWashington-SecondBeach, Olympic National ParkCampers put up their tents right on the sand of thisPacific Northwestbeach. Make a campfire, photograph sunset over the sea and try to absorb this charming spot with your entire being.Alaska-Bartlett Cove Campground, Glacier (冰川) Bay National ParkIn a state full of natural riches,Glacier Bayis a wonder, home to high peaks, whales, 700 miles of coastline, and light blue glaciers that flow directly into the sea. Set within temperate rainforest along Bartlett Cove, the park's only campground is impressively green and an easy jumping-off point for boat tours.Arizona-Havasupai Campground, Havasupai ReservationGetting to Havasupai is a challenge. Permits are snatched (剥夺) up almost instantly, and even if you get one it's a 10-mile hike from the border to reach this rural campground that hugs Havasu Creek. Make the journey, however, and you're rewarded with a series of great waterfalls and natural pools.Arkansas-BuffaloNationalRiverAmerica's first national river travels 135 miles through the Ozark Mountains, winding its way over rapids, forming peaceful pools and passing rocky cliffs topped by green forest. Plan a float trip and absorb the scenery ata leisurely pace, pausing for hikes to visitLostValley's caves or the 200-foot waterfalls.1.Which state may attract people preferring glaciers?A.Alaska.B.Washington.C.Arizona.D.Arkansas.2.What makesArizonaa popular camp choice among tourists?A.The blue glaciers and green rainforests.B.The winding national river and cliffs.C.The soaring peaks and long coastline.D.The beautiful waterfalls and pools.3.What can you do when camping inArkansas?A.Take a long trip on foot.B.Visit caves and waterfalls.C.Put up a well-equipped tent.D.Enjoy a view of sunset.BZaki was small for his twelve years, and he was angry being treated as a child. Farid, his older brother, had been looked upon as a man long before he was Zaki’s age. Every day Farid and the other young Bahraini men went out in their wooden boats to dive for oysters (牡蛎). Many times Zaki begged to go along, but Faridalways refused to let him.So every day Zaki would go to the shallow water to practice. His grandfather, a former diver, would watch him and advise him. All morning, Zaki would practice diving beneath the waves. Every afternoon, again and again he would go underwater and hold his breath. With each day’s practice, his diving improved and he could hold his breath a little while longer. Soon Zaki felt as much at home in the water as he did out of it.Zaki rose early one day. He wanted to compete with his brother. They dived beneath the waves. Zaki opened his eyes and found himself looking into his brother’s face. Farid was smiling with confidence. Slowly, the smile was disappearing from Farid’s face. As more seconds passed, a worried look appeared on Farid’s face. Farid was realizing that Zaki could possibly beat him. Looking into Farid’s eyes, Zaki suddenly understood what losing could mean to his brother. Never would the villagers allow him to live it down. He would be laughed at by losing to a little child. Almost without thinking, Zaki kicked his feet and rose to the surface of the water a second before Farid’s head appeared beside him.The men around them cheered and patted Farid on the back. Farid, however, put his arm around Zaki’s shoulders. “Today,” Farid announced, “we shall have a new diver among us.” Then quietly, for Zaki’s ears alone, he said “Thank you, my brother.” And Zaki knew that they both had learned that it takes more than strength to makea man.4. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. Zaki’s grandfather was a good diver.B. Zaki liked staying at home every day.C. Zaki practised hard in the water daily.D. Zaki’s grandfather encouraged him to dive.5. Which of the following best describes Zaki according to paragraph 3?A. Considerate.B. Ambitious.C. Confident.D. Adventurous.6. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?A. Farid beat his little brother easily.B. Zaki was as strong as his brother.C. Zaki regretted losing the competition.D. Both Farid and Zaki had grown up.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Farid’s PrideB. Zaki’s ChallengeC. Brothers’ CompetitionD. Grandfather’s AdviceCSummer is quickly passing by—but not without the ultimate meteor（流星）shower event!The2021 Perseids Meteor Shower, which is considered to be the best meteor shower of the year, is expected to start lighting up skies on this Wednesday, according to NASA. Known for fireballs, the Perseids typically light up skies on warm summer nights, leaving “long wake（尾迹）of light and color1 behind them.”Under ideal conditions, sky watchers may see approximately 50-100 meteors per hour with each meteor traveling at 37 miles per second. .Because the meteors appear in all parts of the sky, it will be pretty easy to witness the celestial（天上的）event from anywhere in the world. To get the best show, it is advised to view the Perseids from the Northern Hemisphere（半球）during the pre- dawn hours, ideally between 2 a.m. and dawn. In some cases, sky gazers may be able to seemeteors during this shower as early as 9 or 10 p. m.“If it's not cloudy, pick an observing spot away from bright lights, lie on your back, and look up! You don't need any special equipment to view the Perseids—just your eyes,” NASA wrote on their site, adding that telescopes or binoculars are not recommended due to their small fields of view.Remember to let your eyes become adjusted to the dark. Try to stay off of your phone too, as looking at devices with bright screens will negatively affect your night vision and thus reduce the number of meteors you see!For those who may be unable to view the Perseids in person, a live broadcast will be streaming from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, starting around 8 p. m. on Aug. 11 and continuing through sunrise on Aug. 12.8. What can we learn about the Perseids Meteor Shower?A. It will be the best meteor shower in history.B. The ultimate shower only happens on this Wednesday.C. We can observe 50- 100 meteors per hour in any place.D. The Meteors usually have long and bright trails behind them.9. Which of the following may be the best time to view the shower?A. At 4 a. m. on the Northern Hemisphere.B. At 2 p. m. on the Northern Hemisphere.C. At sunrise on the Southern Hemisphere.D. At dawn on the Southern Hemisphere.10. What can be inferred about the observation of Meteors?A. If you use a telescope, you will see more meteors.B. You can use smartphones to record the grand scene.C. The brighter the moon is, the more meteors you can see. .D. Bright lights will reduce the visibility of meteors.11. If you are not available to watch the Perseids personally, you can ________.A. browse the unofficial website of NASAB. watch a video recorded by a flight centerC. stream a live show on Aug. 11 nightD. use special devices to connect with the showerDWith their tiny brains and excellent ability to memorize nectar locations, honeybees are a favorite model organism for studying learning and memory. Such research has indicated that to form long-term memories—ones that last a day or more—the insects need to repeat a training experience at least three times. By contrast, short-and mid-term memories that last seconds to minutes and minutes to hours, respectively, need only a single learning experience.Exceptions to this rule have been observed, however. For example, in some studies, bees formed long-lasting memories after a single learning event. Such results are often regarded as circumstantial anomalies, says Martin Giurfa of the University of Toulouse. But the anomalous findings, together with research showing that fruit flies and ants can form long-term memories after single experiences, aroused Giurfa’s curiosity. Was it possible that honeybees could reliably do the same? Giurfa reasoned that the ability to form long-term memories might depend on the particular type of bee and the experience. Within a honeybee colony, there are nurses, who clean the hive and feed the young; guards, who patrol and protect the hive; and foragers, who search for nectar.While previous studies have tested bees as a whole, Ciurfa and his colleagues focused on foragers, tasking them with remembering an experience relevant to their role: an odor associated with a sugary reward.The researchers observed that a single exposure to a reward-paired odor was enough for most forager bees to remember that specific odor the following day. Many foragers could even remember the odor three day later.The results do not mean that all prior research was wrong, says André Fiala of the University of Göttingen. “People have done the experiments in a different way.” Still, the new results do show that “the commonly held belief that one needs multiple training trials to achieve long-term memory is not always true,” he says, and this “really advances the field.”12. What does the author want to tell us through Paragraph 1?A. A model for memory research.B. The classification of memories.C. New research on learning and memory.D. Previous findings on memory formation.13. Which factor might influence a bee’s memory of an experience, according to Giurfa’s research?A. Whether the bee's role is related.B. Whether the bee is introduced or native.C. How often the bee repeats the experience.D. How long the bee is exposed to the reward.14. What is Andre Fiala’s attitude towards the new results?A. Doubtful.B. Favorable.C. Intolerant.D. Unclear.15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Learning and Memory: How Honeybees RememberB. Honeybee Memory: Honeybee Knows What to DoC. Honeybees Remember after Just One LessonD. Honeybees Use Memory for Communication第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市奉贤区2020届高三下学期英语二模考试卷一、Grammar and Vocabulary(共2题；共20分)1．（10分）After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Plants Scream in the Face of StressFor the first time,researchers appear to have evidence that like animals,those plants deprived of water or(force)to endure bodily harm can let out their pain.The study,has yet to be published in a scientific Journal,adds another dimension to scientists(grow) understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.In recent years,it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers (think).They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light."Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices,"said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany."They're living organisms which have their own problems."Actually making their suffering hearable,however,is another matter entirely.(test) that possibility,a team led by Itzhak Khait,a plant scientist at Tel Aviv University in Israel,placed microphones capable of detecting ultrasonic frequencies(超声波频率)four inches from tomato and tobacco plants.The researcher then either stopped watering them or cut their stems.Measuring in the range of20to150kilohertz(千赫),the researchers found that even happy,healthy plants made the occasional noise.But when cut,tobacco plants emitted average of15sounds within an hour of being cut,tomato plants produced25sounds.researchers aren't yet sure how plants produce these sounds,Khait and his colleagues proposed one possibility in their paper as water travels through the plants'tubes, air bubbles will form and explode,producing small vibrations.All this"screaming"caused by stress wasn't in a range detectable by human ears.But organisms that can hear ultrasonic frequencies--like mice,bats or perhaps other plants--possibly hear the plants cries from as far away as15feet.2．（10分）Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Italians find"Moments of Joy in this Moment of Anxiety"It started with the national anthem.Then came the piano chords,trumpet blasts,violin serenades(小夜曲)and even the clanging of pots and pans--all of it from people's homes,out of windows and from balconies,and resounding across rooftops.Finally,on Saturday afternoon,a nationwide of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe's worst coronavirus outbreak.Italians remain under house arrest as the nation,the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus,has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.But the music and noise erupting over the streets,from people in their homes,reflects the spirit,resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War.To the extent that this is a virus that tries people's souls,it has also demonstrated the of those national characters.In China,patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring needed food to the people of Wuhan,the epicenter of the outbreak.In Iran,videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep up.And in Italy,the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country's empty streets,while social media feeds fill with,sentimental and humorous web videos.Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised(使受瘀伤)from tightly masks have also spread across the web in recent days.Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title"It will all be OK.""We're Italians,and loving singing is part of our culture,"said Giorgio Albertini,51,an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan,calling it a way"to feel a community,and to have the grief."二、Reading Comprehension(共5题；共41分)3．（15分）For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Making choices is hard.That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has（1）it from his life. As a rule,he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.This is（2）by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new,divisive field) at Northwestern University.As Business Insider describes,Cerf has extended his ideas--which draw onsome controversial ideas in psychology,including ego depletion out--into a piece of advice that,to（3）happiness,people should"build a life that requires（4）decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.On an instinctive level,Cerf's idea（5）:Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of（6）people around them.One example Cerf furnishes is that,（7）consistently ordering the second menu item,he never picks where to eat.Rather,he（8）his decision to his dining partner--which friend he plans to eat with,probably one he trusts--and always lets them pick.While it's（9）what,if any,scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice,there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more（10）than liberating.An example from Quanta poits(假设):If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a（11）.And,as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows,most of the time it is,（12）you introduce more choices.When the participants were offered three candy bars(Snickers,Milky Way,and Almond Joy)they had no problem picking their favorite,but when they were given the option of one among 20,including Snickers,they would sometimes drift away from their（13）.When the choices were taken away in later trials,the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.As Quanta details,according to a model called"divisive normalization(分裂归一化),which has gained some popularity,the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So,if you have two things that are clearly（14）,brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear.When the choices are comparable,the brain does its best to focus on the distinctions between the two,but more choices（15）that ability out.（1）A．relieved B．released C．eliminated D．liberated（2）A．influenced B．inherited C．implemented D．informed（3）A．maximize B．balance C．cherish D．seek（4）A．safer B．fewer C．better D．sounder（5）A．stands out B．comes into forceC．makes sense D．plays a part（6）A．distinguished B．trusted C．authorized D．honored（7）A．in addition to B．instead of C．in spite of D．regardless of（8）A．conveys B．relates C．submits D．limits（9）A．evident B．unclear C．critical D．inevitable（10）A．confusing B．inspiring C．worrying D．appealing（11）A．stressor B．no-brainer C．challenge D．headache（12）A．after B．before C．when D．until（13）A．preference B．struggle C．status D．direction（14）A．impressive B．insignificant C．unique D．distinct（15）A．crowd B．figure C．sort D．put4．（8分）Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.One spring day,once the flowers have begun to open,a bee will hover(盘旋)and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table.While you're thinking about avoiding an attack,that bee is focused on something else entirely:me.A honeybee has about six weeks to live.Today,like most days,her task is to fly as many as three miles from home,stick her long,straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers.When the bee has had her fill,she'll fly home.There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another,and so on for about20minutes,until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb.Then she and her50,000or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night,flapping their wings to create hot,breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture.Several sunrises later,they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax.In her lifetime,our bee may visit4,000flowers,and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year,in tea,on toast,and beyond.If I do say so myself,I am a timeless treasure.Literally--I never go bad.Unfortunately,my good health is not guaranteed.The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals,as well as changes in weather patterns,all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit.I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild. My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers,thus helping the bees,who give so much--to you,to me--without ever asking for anything in return.（1）（2分）What does"me"refer to in the passage?A．The flower.B．The bee.C．Water.D．Honey.（2）（2分）What is the2nd paragraph mainly about?A．Bees'special talent.B．Bees'hard work.C．Bees'living environment.D．Bees'social behavior.（3）（2分）Which one of the following is true according to the passage?A．A bee will always prioritize attacking picnic lovers.B．Before"me"is sealed off in beeswax,the drying process can take a few nights.C．The lifework of a bee satisfies the average demand of an American consumer annually.D．Bees are more likely to visit those deliberately pest-controlled gardens.（4）（2分）What is the purpose of the passage?A．To appeal for help for honeybees.B．To talk about the history of a treasure.C．To put forward techniques for gardeners.D．To argue against the control of chemicals.5．（6分）Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Get Your Unlimited Card at Cineworld CinemasEnjoy Unlimited FilmsWatch all the films you want at any Cineworld for just one monthly price.Being an Unlimited card holder gives you access to all the2D films you can handle for one monthly price.Watch what you want, when you want,as many times as you want.Plus,save money when watching films in3D and others.After you've been with us for more than1year we'll upgrade you to a Premium Card and you'll get into3D films completely free too!Start enjoying today by using a temporary pass while you wait for your card to arrive in the post.Save On Snacks And DrinksGet10%off all in-cinema food and drink.Plus get10%off at Cineworld Starbucks licensed stores. First year card holders get10%off,whilst Premium card holders get25%off Cineworld's in-cinema food and drinks including,all drinks,popcorn,nachos,hotdogs,ice cream,pick n mix and much more.Plus all card holders get10%discounts at Cineworld Starbucks licensed stores.All you need to do is show your card at the counter and your discount will be applied.Recommend A FriendUnlimited members can get free months of membership when they recommend Unlimited to their friends!Recommend Unlimited to your friends and we'll give you free months of membership to say thank you.For every friend that signs up using your unique Recommend a Friend code you will both receive one month's free membership once they have been an active Unlimited member for90days.The free month will be automatically added to the end of your current subscription.You can earn a maximum of12Free Months with your Recommend a Friend code,so recommend Unlimited to12friends and you could get a full year of free Unlimited cinema!（1）（2分）The cinema names its membership card"Unlimited"because_______.A．one can have the benefits for good upon joining the membershipB．Cineworld members can enjoy as many2D and3D films as they like for freeC．it frees a member from any regular payment to the movie tickets at CineworldD．card holders can share limitless discounts and offers with friends and relatives（2）（2分）Which of the statement is TRUE according to the passage?A．The benefits above are not available until the card is delivered.B．Premium card holders can have25%off at a licensed Starbucks.C．Whoever persuades6friends into Unlimited can enjoy a half year of free membership.D．A second year of investment is worthwhile if you are a cinema goer.（3）（2分）This passage is probably written to______.A．secure the loyalty of potential customersB．introduce the latest movies and discountsC．promote the popularity of Cineworld cinemasD．give away movie cards to readers for free6．（8分）阅读理解A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic,in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.The hole,which has been tracked from space and the ground over the past few days,has reached record dimensions,but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south.If it extends further south overpopulated areas,such as southern Greenland,people would be at increased risk of sunburn.However,on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks.Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex(极地漩涡),and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine(氯)in the atmosphere–from human activities–caused the hole to form."The hole is principally a geophysical curiosity,"said Vincent-Henri Peuch,director ofthe Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service."We monitored unusual dynamic(动态的)conditions,which drive the process of chemical depletion of ozone.Those dynamics allowed for lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic,which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric(平流层的)clouds and the catalytic(催化的)destruction of ozone."The hole is not related to the Covid-19shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.It is also too early to say whether the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis,or part of normal stratospheric weather variability.Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis.Temperatures in the region are already increasing,slowing the depletion of ozone,and the hole will start to recover as polar air mixes with ozone-rich air from lower latitudes.The last time similar conditions were observed was in spring2011.While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event,the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades.The production of ozone-depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced,under the1987Montreal Protocol(蒙特利尔协议),but some sources appear still to be functioning--in2018,unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas.New sources of ozone-depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic,said Peuch."However,this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted,and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoid a situation where theozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again."（1）（2分）What is the possible meaning of the underlined word"depletion"? A．replacement B．consumption C．increase D．production（2）（2分）According to the passage,scientists are concerned about the hole because______.A．it is expected to be a threat to the mankindB．the new hole is caused by air pollution and greenhouse gas emissionsC．it may encourage further scientific research and environmental awarenessD．it warns us of an oncoming climate crisis（3）（2分）What can be learned from the last two paragraphs?A．The hole over the Arctic shares the same causes as the one over the Antarctic.B．Human activities are highly responsible for producing ozone-destroying chemicals.C．The Montreal Protocolhas successfully prevented new emissions.D．Some new illegal emissions are to blame for the hole over the Arctic.（4）（2分）The best title for the passage is probably______.A．Record-size Hole Opens in Ozone Layer above the ArcticB．Actions Urgently Neededfora New Hole in Ozone LayerC．Environmental Disaster and International CooperationD．How a Hole in Ozone Affects our Life on Earth7．（4分）Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Taking selfies is definitely one experience that many people like doing and sharing with theonline world.B.People who post group selfies also show a need for popularity and a need to belong to aPeople like to post their selfies(自拍照)on social media.To know more about it,scientists at Syracuse University in New York recently did a research and came up with some surprising findings.People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behaviors connected to narcissism,the researchers said.Makana Chock,a professor from Syracuse University,said because social media is mostly used by people to share unimportant information about their lives,it is a good place for people to"work towards satisfying their own vanity."Those"likes"under their Facebook selfies make them feel good.Some people feel"peer pressure"to post selfies and some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an event or experience,it did not really happen."Anyway,it shouldn't be seen as negative.People get sense of satisfaction especially when they get likes.And it does no harm,"Chock said.Other findings from the study include:There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software.Chock said posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years.On trips and special events,our parents and grandparents used cameras instead of phones to take photos.They would bring back photos to show friends and family.You had no choice but to look at them.You probably commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked,especially children and the person showing the photos.They were happy to hear your comments.On social media, however,people can decide not to look at photos--even if they click"like".三、Summary Writing(共1题；共5分)8．（5分）Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.It's natural to feel the need to control something when everything around you feels out of control, and you feel helpless.When a friend of mine first heard about the coronavirus outbreak,she got down on her hands and knees and cleaned her kitchen floor.She told me,"My floor wasn't even dirty,but doing something constructive made me feel in control and that I was holding on to my power,despite the desperate circumstances."Your most powerful weapon against uncertainty is your perspective because nobody and no situation can take that from you unless you give it away.Your perspective can victimize or empower you. When you look for the upside in a downside situation and figure out what you can control and what you can't,it's easier to accept whatever is beyond your control.Small gestures during hard times gentle worry and concern.Often during emergencies and crises, people start performing acts of kindness at random.Helping others through a crisis by performing good deeds can make you feel in control.The obvious benefit when you reach out to help someone else is that you get a break from your own worries for a while.Contributing,giving,volunteering,donating and performing kind acts,no matter how small or brief,connect you to other people(and animals)in a deeply meaningful,humane way.So practice doing small gestures for others and yourself.Positive action is supposed to be taken to ensure you a sense of control.Make"cans"out of "cannots"and focus on what you can control.Take advantage of this restrictive time to clear clutter out of your basement,pull weeds in the garden,organize drawers,closets,and bookshelves,or get caught up on fun hobbies you've neglected for a while.Focus on a thought,person,pet,or object that stir hope and positivity within you.Hope always exists alongside of despair.四、Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.(共4题；共20分)9．（5分）我们从来没有像现在这么渴望去学校上课！(Never)10．（5分）既然只能宅在家里，何不做点自己喜欢做但平时又没时间做的事情呢？(Why not) 11．（5分）在欧洲许多作为理想社交场所的咖啡店不得不关门谢客来应对这场公共卫生危机。

2020届上海市民星中学高三英语二模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn the 1994 filmForrest Gump, there’s a famous saying, “Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re gonna get.” The surprise is part of the fun. Now blind box toys are bringing the magic of surprise to online shopping.A blind box toy is hidden inside uniform packaging but invisible from the outside. You don’t know what will be inside, although the toys typically come from pop culture, ranging from movies to comics and cartoons.Blind boxes have caught on since they were first introduced fromJapantoChinain 2014. According to a 2019 Tmall report, the mini-series of Labubu blind box, designed byHong Kong-born Kasing Lung, was named Champion of Unit Sales with 55,000 sold in just 9 seconds during the Singles Day shopping event. Most customers for blind boxes are young people aged 18 to 35.According to The Paper, blind box toys are popular in part because of their cute appearances. The typically cute cartoon figurines come in miniature sizes, making them suitable for display almost anywhere.Even if blind boxes are not their top choice for decorations, the mystery and uncertainty of the process also attracts people. It’s the main reason why people buy blind boxes one after another.“Fear of the unknown is always a part of the box-opening process,” said Miss Cao, 24, who lives and works inShenyang. Speaking to Sina News, she said: “Until you open all the boxes, you cannot know what it is inside.”Opening a blind box is a delightful little surprise for our mundane daily lives, something small but fun to wait for each day, week or month. When people open this simple little box, they may be disappointed, but the uncertainty is part of the fun. People will open more blind boxes and hope for a better outcome.When someone re-makesForrest Gump, don't be surprised if he says, “Life is like a blind box...”1. Why is the famous saying in the filmForrest Gumpquoted at the beginning?A. To arouse the readers’ interest.B. To present the writer’s view.C. To introduce the topic.D. To highlight the fun of blind boxes.2. Which of the following is the main feature that makes blind box so popular?A. Miniature sizes.B. Cute appearances.C. Fear of the unknown.D. Mystery and uncertainty.3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Blind box became popular in 2019 after being first introduced fromJapantoChina.B. Blind box toys typically originated in pop culture, varying from movies to cartoons.C. Blind box toys was designed and named by Hong Kong-born Kasing Lung.D. When people open this simple little box, they will feel disappointed.BJack was born without eyes. He was very lucky as he grew up having other kittens (young cats) to socialize (交往)with, and was used to people from the moment he was born. However, when it came time to find the kittens homes, no one knew where Jack would end up.That’s when I got an e-mail from my friend. All she asked was “Do you still want one of the kittens? There’s one here with no eyes and no one would like to take him”. Without thinking I told her that I did want the kitten.When we first brought him home, Jack stayed mostly in my room. After about a day he had noissues running around and climbing on everything. At times he gets lost in the house, he’ll stop. But we just call his name and talk to him and it isn’t long before he finds his way back to us.A few weeks after getting Jack, we got a new cat named Bear. Jack and Bear have become best friends. It doesn’t matter that he can’t see. He always knows when Bear is around. He’ll run across the yard straight to Bear and wrap his front legs around his neck in a big hug. They run after each other around and wrestle (摔跤). They’ll lie down in the grass together when tired.Jack is truly an inspiration. I’ve owned lots of kittens in my life, but Jack is the happiest and most playful. He doesn’t feel sorry for himself. He doesn’t need pity. I think Jean, owner of Gumbo, another eyeless cat, said it best when she told me that cats don’t have disabilities; they have adaptability.4. Why did Jack come to the author’s home?A. The author cared for an eyeless cat.B. The author didn’t mind whether he was blind.C. No other young cats kept him company.D. The author’s friend begged the author to take him home.5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Jack often wrestles with Bear indoors.B. Jack likes to play with a new eyeless cat.C. Jack quickly adapts to the new environment.D. Jack is good at talking and playing with people.6. What does the underlined word “issue” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Trouble.B. Fun.C. Luck.D. Business.7. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. A cat has nine lives.B. All is well that ends well.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. A good beginning makes a good ending.CAbout 12 years ago, Sandy Cambron noticed her mother, Pearl Walker, had become quiet after she moved into a nursing home for patients of Alzheimer's disease inKentucky.“We tried everything — photos, old stories — but nothing worked,” she said. “It was really hard for everyone to see how she had changed.” Then one day whileSandywas in a toy store, she had an idea: Why not givePearla baby doll so she could feel as if she were caring for something again? And why not give one to all the other care center seniors?As soon asSandygavePearlthe doll, her mother's face lit up. “She started talking again and she never went anywhere without that baby,”Sandysaid. “She took 'baby' to the dining room with her and slept with her in her arms every night. When she passed away a year later, we even buried her with that well-loved baby doll.”In the following 10 years, Sandy and her husband, Wayne Cambron, continued to buy dolls and hand them out to the elderly of care centers near their home every New Year. Now Pearl's Memory Babies is anonprofit (非营利) organization that has contributed more than 300 dolls to old people with Alzheimer's disease at nursing homes since February 2018.Last year,Sandyposted New Year’s photos on Facebook, all of which are about seniors reacting to dolls thatshe and Wayne sent to a local nursing home. The post was shared more than 210,000 times overnight. People gave almost $15,000 online. That helped the group buy many dolls.“The dolls offer treatment and comfort,” said Elise Hinchman, who works at a care center inKentucky, "Some seniors cry when they get a doll. And they always rock and talk to their dolls. People with Alzheimer might lose their memories, but they don't lose their ability to love.”8. How did Pearl change after she moved to a nursing home?A. She hardly talked.B. She lost hope in life.C. She felt bored.D. She forgot everything.9. How didPearlreact after receiving the doll?A. She began to cry.B. She was very delighted.C. She played it with a baby.D. She was unconcerned about it.10. What's paragraph 5 mainly about?A. What Sandy did for her mother.B. People's reaction toSandy's post.C. The rising needs for baby dolls.D. HowSandybecame a celebrity.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Good News for Alzheimer's PatientsB. How to Remove Alzheimer's DiseaseC. Baby Dolls Cheer up Alzheimer's PatientsD. Daughter Helps Mother Recover MemoryDThermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.“This looks like a very smart way to realize high performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. He notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot side and a cool side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A device’s success at preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 when Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, it’s a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide the team makes is mixed with Na, creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an “n-type” version to conduct negative charges.Zhao’s team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear path to making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65%of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.12. The first paragraph wants to tell us________.A. The wide use of thermoelectric generatorsB. The devices of current thermoelectric generatorsC. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectricsD. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection13. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?A. Indifferent.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Worried.14. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?A. It was far from a success for practical applications.B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devicesD. A “p-type” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges15. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?A. Recycle.B. Produce.C. Clean.D. Increase.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市普陀区2020届高三英语二模试题（含解析）普陀区2020学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. A new movie.B. A roommate.C. A new game.D. A new watch.【答案】C【解析】【详解】W: My roommate always plays my new game, but I told her to buy one for herself.M: Yeah, my roommate likes to watch me play. He says it’s like watching a movie.Q: What are the speakers talking about?2.A. Researcher.B. Experimenter.C. Shop assistant.D. Makeup artist.【答案】C【解析】【详解】M: I’d like to buy a bottle of hair conditioner. Can you recommend some kinds?W: Sure. What kind of hair do you have?Q: What’s the woman’s probable job?3.A. He agrees with the woman.B. The team performs well.C. He knows little about the team.D. The team is playing worse. 【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: I think our school football team’s got a good opportunity of winning the championship this semester.M: What? Are you kidding? Don’t you see them pla y recently?Q: What does the man imply?4.A. John hasn’t finished his paper.B. John has many new ideas in theC. Mary isn’t satisfied with John’s paper.D. Mary should have polished the paper.【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: I’ve just finished my paper, Mary. Can you polish it for me before I hand it in？W: Sure, let me take a look. Oh, John, it’s great! Your ideas are so original. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?5.A. He had a holiday with his family long ago.B. He hasn’t seen his family for a long time.C. He wants to have a long holiday with his family.D. He wasn’t satisfied with his holiday.【答案】A【解析】【详解】W: Will you spend the summer vacation with your family, Tom?M: Yes. It’s been a long time since I was on vacation with my parents. Q: What does the man imply?6.A. Linda is dressed in yellow.B. John closes the door.C. Linda walks to the ATM.D. John may need some cash.【答案】D【详解】M: Linda, where’s the closest ATM?W: It’s not that far, John. Can you see that yellow door of the building over there?Q: What can we learn from the conversation?7.A. She came late.B. She came earlier.C. He has cleaned the house.D. He needn’t clean the house.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: What a mess your apartment is!M: I know, I didn’t have time to put things away before you got here. Q: What does the man imply?8.A. They haven’t enough money.B. Her husband didn’t want to move.C. She likes her old house.D. They never thought of moving. 【答案】A【解析】【详解】M: Have you thought of moving, Sarah?W: We’ve thought about it, but my husband and I can’t afford it right now. The only thing we could afford would be living in the old house.Q: What does the woman imply?9.A. No one goes out on weekends.B. People couldn’t bear the heat.C. The traffic condition has improved.D. The road here is being repaired.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: Wow! What’s the hold up?M: It’s probably just people trying to get an early start out of the city for the weekend. Nobody sticks around in the summer.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10.A. The woman do esn’t like rock music.B. The man likes all kinds of music.C. The woman likes all kinds of music.D. The man isn’t interested in rock music.【答案】D【解析】【详解】M: Frankly, many kinds of music fascinate me, but rock music leaves me cold. What about you?W: I’m crazy about it.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following recording.11.A. Friends are in the same college.B. The college website is very attractive.C. The food in the college cafeteria tastes good.D. Many factors need to be considered.12.A. No one cares about what happens in the college.B. Finding the right college takes time and thought.C. The information on the website is very useful.D. Making a speech in the college will do you good.13.A. The way students choose a college.B. The way students study in the college.C. The way students talk with professors.D. The way students work in the community.【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A【解析】Maybe college is chosen because your friend is going there, or because of its ranking on the list, and you do not consider who you are and who you willbe. Remember, college is not a prize. It takes time and consideration to find the right college.Visiting the college website to find out what happened, who visited as a guest speaker, and how to maintain contact with existing students and teachers, can be good ways for you to c hoose your favorite college. It’s also a good way to decide if you want to spend your time and money on a visit. Check the college’s website to find out who the admission officers are in your area and send them an email, asking for more information. Making contact with the college students in your area, or identifying students with similar interests will do you good.When you visit the college, try to sit down in class, eat in a cafeteria, and hang out in a student center or other busy areas. This will help you imagine that you are part of the community. Ask a few students if they will make the same college choice if they have to do it again. Go back to the first item on the list when you consider the information you have collected about the co llege. You’ll have a lot of options!Questions:Which of the following is true when you choose a college?Why does the speaker say “College is not a prize.”?What’s the main idea of the passage?【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2020届上海市行知中学高三英语二模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn Friday morning when 53-year-old Thong Pham broke into the house through the unlocked back door, he took a steak knife from the kitchen.It was dark, and the family didn't know what Marley was barking (吠) at. Taylor, Amber and their girls Finley, 6,and Sadie, 4, soon woke up and came downstairs, too. “Well, it was dark so we couldn't see anything, only could hear Marley,” Amber recalled, saying her husband then went for the lights. “And once he turned the hall light on, we realized that the guy was holed up in the corner trying to hide.”“So I think he got to the front door and realized he couldn't get out, and by that point in time, Marley's got him cornered,”Taylorsaid. Pham slashed (砍) both Marley and Taylor, and blood went everywhere. Taylor shared a video summary to his Facebook page, where he said Marley was stabbed (刺) up to six times, mostly around the head and neck area. “And as I pulled back, blood shot out of my arm,”Taylorcontinued. “She got him pretty good and I got him pretty good in the face.”“But it was really hard because I was trying to make sure that my husband wasn't going to die,” Amber explained, adding that she was trying to protect their two girls. “When he realized that the two girls were in the house, that's when he kind of backed up and started running. "Taylorexpressed gratitude to everyone for their thoughts and prayers. And the family is thankful for their dog Marley.“She's our hero,” Amber said. “If it hadn't been for her, that guy could have gone in the...he could have gone to their rooms or something.”Tayloradded, “Yeah, I mean, the story plays out very differently if Marley's not there.”1. Why did the family come downstairs before daybreak?A. To stop a break-in.B. To lock the back door.C. To check on Marley.D. To turn the hall light on.2. What happened during the fight?A. Pham dug a hole in the corner.B. Marley was injured but bit back.C. Taylor had a backup from neighbors.D. Amber fought back to protect her girls.3. What doesTaylormainly express on his Facebook?A. Forgiveness.B. Concern.C. Anger.D. Appreciation.BElonMusk is a symbol of passion, hard work and success. A person may work hard in his life, but when hard work goes along with passion and a new idea, then something is created that astonishes the world. As the founder of big companies like PayPal, SpaceX, and Tesla Motors, Elon Musk is a guide and inspiration for the youth around the world.Elon Musk was born on June 28,1971 inPretoria,South Africa. He was the eldest of three children. His father Errol Musk, a British-born South African, was an engineer. Musk spent his childhood inSouth Africaand at the age of 9, he got his first personal computer. This got Elon interested in programming and he started to learn on his own. At the age of 12, he made his first computer game, Blaster, which earned him $500 when he sold the source code to a magazine.When he was 17, he decided to leave home and had wanted to move to theUnited Statesafter graduating from a secondary school inPretoria. However, he was unable to move to theUnited States. In 1989, Elon Musk moved toCanada, where his mother’s s lived. After obtaining Canadian citizenship, Musk went toMontreal. Due to a lack of money, he found a low-paying job. At the age of 19, he enteredQueensUniversityinKingston,Ontario, studying there for two years. Finally, in 1992, his dream came true—he moved to theUnited States.As a teenager, Musk struggled with depression. But then he realized that the most important thing was presenting himself with the right questions. The day he started doing this, everything started to get easier.Musk thought that a human being had to expand the limits of his consciousness—to ask the right questions and get answers to them; thus he asked the best question of all: what will have the greatest impact on the future of humans? Musk found that these things were the Internet and space exploration.The life of Elon Musk is inspiring. He found success on the Internet, without much formal learning. By reading books and using his willpower and dedication, he reached a level of knowledge that is difficult to imagine. He did not give up until he achieved his dreams. Elon Musk truly stands out among other billionaires because of his leadership abilities, positive attitude, ability to know when to take risks, and belief in futuristic technologies.4. According to the passage, Elon Musk gained knowledge of computer by ________.A. teaching himselfB. learning from his fatherC. taking online coursesD. studying inQueensUniversity5. What made things easier for Elon Musk when he suffered from depression?A. Expanding knowledge by reading books.B. Asking himself the right questions.C. Achieving success on the Internet.D. Designing computer games.6. What can we learn from the passage?A. It’s never too late to learn.B. Youth means limitless possibilities.C. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.D. He who doesn’t advance falls backward.7. Which words can best describe Elon Musk according to the passage?A. Optimistic and generous.B. Ambitious and determined.C. Independent and helpful.D. Adventurous and realistic.CFollowing the Famous Silk RoadsThe Silk Roads were a networkof ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to theMediterranean. A key section of the Silk Roads is the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor（走廊）, whichstretchesover a distance of around 5,000 kilometres through China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, covering a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) status which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. This made history as the first successful multinational World Heritage application.The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Roads network isXi’an, inShanxiProvince. Further west on the Silk Roads, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through theTianshanMountainsand emerge in the valleys ofCentral Asia. Although the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Roads ends here, the network continues westwards until it reaches theMediterranean.The corridor began to develop in the 2nd century. Assigned by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an toCentral Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as theRoman Empire.Economic activities along the routes network were not limited to trade in silk. They contributed many other items to the marketplace of goods. The routes were busy with camels carrying loads of goods and businessmen selling everything imaginable.China’s exports included silk, porcelain, ironware and tea, while horses, jewellery,spices and grapes were all imported over vast distances from the West.In addition to trade exchange, the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies along the network. Astronomy and mathematics were introduced toChinafromIndiaandArabia; important Chinese inventions such as papermaking and printing were brought to the West.All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods,knowledge and ideas. These routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations, which achieved a shared development. The addition of the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognition of the Silk Roads as a crucial part of humanity’s common heritage.8. The key section of the Silk Roads is________.A. the MediterraneanB. Xi’an, inShanxiProvinceC.KazakhstanandKyrgyzstanD. the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor9. The underlined word “stretches” in Paragraph 1 is close in meaning to________.A. standsB. spreadsC. movesD. flies10. Zhang Qian travelled from Chang’an toCentral Asiato________.A. export silk, porcelain, ironware and teaB. purchase horses, jewellery, spices and grapesC. seek help from the most powerful western countriesD. build bridges between his country and other countries11. What was the role of the Silk Roads according to the passage?A. It helped to change the wild deserts to grasslands.B. It was recognized by the UNESCO asChina’s heritage.C. It speeded up the development of the countries involved.D. It started a trade competition between countries along the way.DBack about 20 months ago I started college and just struggled with everything, such as classes and friends. I quickly became depressed and angry at myself for not being about to do better in school, in addition to lack of friends due to poor social and communication skills.This went on for months until my 19th birthday. My parents sent me a cake, which was a great cake. But I remember having this large cake and ly no one to share it with. I ended throwing out the cake after having onepiece, with about 90 % of it leftover. That night I was depressed that I decided to go outside to the freezing temperature of the winter and run. I put my earphones in, went outside and ran about 2 miles at 11 p.m. on my birthday.When I got back inside I was content. I was proud of what I was able to do. The next night I did the same. I wasn’t quick or fit but you know that I went outside and did something. This continued for about 2 months until I finally worked up the courage to go to the gym, where I started swimming again as I used to in high school. A month went by and I started lifting weights and continually running.Looking back I can see that exercise helped cure my depression but it didn’t only do that. At the gym I met new friends and back at my dorm I grew confidence to go to the end of the hall seeing people playing Super Smash Brothers and ask if I could join.So go forward to present now. I exercise every day and look forward to that hour and a half I get daily to do what I love with people who love it as well. I hope this helps someone who may be or have been in a similar situation.12. What made the author decide to run at night?A. His l9th birthday.B. His parents’ cake.C. His loneliness.D. His friends.13. Which of the following best describes the author?A. Traditional.B. Determined.C. Humorous.D. Generous.14. What is the biggest benefit of the author’s running?A. Regaining his confidence.B. Losing his weight.C. Playing with his brothers.D. Joining other activities.15. Why do you think the author wrote this passage?A. To recall his life in college.B. To show his gratitude to his parents.C. To emphasize the importance of friendship.D. To share his experience of dealing with hardship.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。