土地资源管理专业英语词汇LandLand is a delineable [di?nieit] area of the earth's terrestrial [ti ? restri ? l] surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface including those of the near-surface climate the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes, and swamps [sw?mp]), the near-surface sedimentary/?sed??ient?ri/ (沉淀性的)layers and associated groundwater reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and present human activity (terrac ing, water storage or drain age structures, roads, buildings, etc. [et@et?r?] (=et cetera)). (UN, 1994)Land useLand use is the human modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. The major effect of land use on land cover since 1750has been deforestation of temperate regi ons. More rece nt sig nifica nt effects of land use include urban sprawl, soil erosi on, soil degradati on, sali ni zati on [ s?li ni'zei ? ? n], and desertification. L and-use change,together with use of fossil fuels, are the major an thropoge nic sources of carb on dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas. It has also been defi ned as "the total of arran geme nts, activities, and in puts that people un dertake in a certa in land cover type".From Wikipedia, the free en cyclopediaLand coverLand cover corresp onds to a (bio) physical description of the earth's surface. It is that which overlays or currently covers the ground. This description enables various biophysical categories to be distinguished - basically, areas of vegetation (trees, bushes, fields and lawn), bare soil, hard surfaces (rocks, buildings) and wet areas and bodies of water (watercourses 水流(河床),wetlands). There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey and thorough analysis of remotely sensed imagery. The nature of land cover is discussed in Comber et al. (2005). A Comber, P Fisher, R Wadsworth. What is land cover? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Desig n, 2005Differe neeLand use corresp onds to the socio-ec on omic description (functional dimension) of areas: areas used for reside ntial, in dustrial orcommercial purposes, for farming or forestry, for recreational or conservation purposes, etc. Links with land cover are possible; it may be possible to infer land use from land cover and con versely. But situati ons are ofte n complicated and the link is not so evide nt. Con trary to land cover, land use is difficult to 'observe'. For example, it is often difficult to decide if grasslands are used or not for agricultural purposes. Distinctions between land use and iand cover and their defi niti on have impacts on the development of classification systems, data collection and information systems in general. (UNEP)Land cover is distinet from land use despite the two terms ofte n being used in tercha ngeably. Land use is a description of how people utilize the land and socio-ec on omic activity - urba n and agricultural land uses are two of the most comm only recog ni sed high-level classes of use. At any one point or place, there may be multiple and alternate land uses, the specification of which may have a political dime nsion.Land man ageme ntLand man ageme nt can be defi ned as the process of managing the use and development (in both urba n and suburba n sett in gs) of land resources in a susta in able way. Land resources are used for a variety of purposes which in teract and may compete with one another; therefore, it is desirable to pla n and man age all uses in an in tegrated manner.Land adm ini strati onThe concepts of land administration are the reflecti on of views on land properties. In China, scholars hold ideas that land admi ni strati on is the process of orga ni zati on, coordi nati on, supervisi on and man ageme nt on land resources, land use, la nd property rights and land profit with political instruments for sake of whole society. Other studies on land administration, cadastral [k?'d?str? I] titles and land market, urban land admi nistratio n, and land susta in able con servati on, altogether make these factors-la nd resources management, land assets supervision and land political gover nance for susta in ability con stitute foun dati on of land adm ini strati on. Differe neeThere are many factors according to which adm ini strati on can be dist in guished from man ageme nt. From the n ature of work, adm ini strati on is concerned about the determ in ati on of objectives and major policies of an orga ni zati on; man ageme nt puts into acti on the policies and plans laid down by the administration. From the nature of status,admi nistratio n con sists of owners who in vest capital in and receive profits from an enterprise; man ageme nt is a group of man agerial pers onnel who use their specialized kno wledge to fulfill the objectives of an enterprise. From Main functions adm ini strati on in volves in pla nning and organizing functions; management involves in motivati ng and con trolli ng fun cti ons.Land use pla nningLand use pla nning is the term used for a branch of public policy which en compasses [in *?mp?s] various disciplines which seek to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient and ethical /?e (k?l/ way. Despite confusing nomenclature n?u?menkl ?t??术语，命名系统, the essential function of land use planning remai ns the same whatever term is applied. TheCan adia n In stitute of Pla nners offers adefinition that: "Land use planning means the scientific, aesthetic [i:s?B etik], and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities andservices with a view to securing the physical,economic and social efficiency, health and well-bei ng of urba n and rural comm un ities" From Wikipedia, the free en cyclopediaThere is bound to be con flict over land use. The dema nds for arable land, graz ing, forestry, wildlife, tourism and urban development are greater tha n the land resources available. In the develop ing coun tries, these dema nds become more pressing every year. The population dependent on the land for food, fuel and employme nt will double within the n ext 25 to 50 years. Even where land is still plentiful, many people may have in adequate access to land or to the ben efits from its use. I n the face of scarcity, the degradation of farmland, forest or water resources may be clear for all to see but in dividual land users lack the incen tive or resources to stop it.Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of land and water pote ntial, alter natives for land use and econ omic and social con diti ons in order to select and adopt the best Ian d-use opti on s. Its purpose is to select and put into practice those land uses that will best meet the needs of the people while safeguarding resources for the future. The driving force in planning is the need for cha nge, the n eed for improved man ageme nt or the n eed for a quite differe nt patter n of land use dictated by cha nging circumsta nces.All kinds of rural land use are involved: agriculture, pastoralism 田园风味,forestry, wildlife conservation and tourism. Planning also provides guidanee in cases of conflict between rural land use and urba nor in dustrialexpa nsion, by in dicat ing which areas of land are most valuable un der rural use.VocabularyMi nistry of Land and Resources 国土资源咅B Muni cipal Bureau of Land and Resources 市国土资源管理局Muni cipal Bureau of Land Resourcesand Hous ing Man ageme nt 市国土资源和房屋管理局Bureau of State Land Supervision 国家土地监察局land utilizati on (use) exte nsive land use inten sive land use susta in able land use 土地利用土地粗放利用土地集约利用土地可持续利用land man ageme nt land adm ini strati on land use pla nning gen eral pla n of Ian d-use land allocati on land evaluati on/appraisal land policy land econo mics land market 土地技术管理土地行政管理土地利用规划土地利用总体规划土地配置土地评价土地政策土地经济土地市场land expropriation/requisition 土地征收/征用land registrati on 土地登记land tran sacti onland bankingland supply/dema nd land gra nt or tran sfer 土地交易土地储备土地供应/需求土地出让或转让land n egotiati on /agreeme nt 土地协议land aucti on land public biddi ng 土地拍卖土地公开招标land value land rent land reve nue land use fee land use term land levelli ng 土地平整land developme nt 土地开发land rehabilitati on/reclamati on 土地复垦 land con solidatio n/readjustme nt 土地整理 land retireme nt 土壤退化land subside nee 地面沉降land polluti on 土地污染slope treatme nt for erosi on con trol 坡面治理 工程grain to gree n 退耕还林land in formati on land use in terpretati on land use survey land use monitoring land use map land use mapp ing land use classificati onland use zoning land use con trol land use patter n land use type land use adjustme nt land use capability land pote ntial productivity land suitability land efficie ncy 土地价值地租 土地收益土地使用费 土地使用期土地信息 土地利用判读 土地利用调查 土地利用监测 土地利用图 土地利用制图 土地利用分类 土地用途分区 土地用途管制 土地利用模式 土地利用类型 土地利用调整 土地利用潜力 土地生产潜力 土地适宜性 土地效益land structure land useinten sity multiple crop in dex 土地结构土地利用密度复种指数prime cropla nd preservati on 基本农田保护区pla nning approval 规划许可耕地总量动态平衡compe nsati on in stituti on of cropla nd occupati on占用耕地补偿制度limitation of land use 土地利用限制因素land reform land usecertificate land tenure Ian d-ow nership Ian d-use right state-ow ned land 土地改革土地使用证地权土地所有权土地使用权国有土地household-based land con tract system 土地家庭承包制。
