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P3Oxford牛津大学Cambridge 剑桥大学the University of Sydney悉尼大学the University of Victoria 维多利亚大学the University of Auckland新西兰奥克兰大学Harvard University哈佛大学Columbia University哥伦比亚大学Boston University 波士顿大学commitment责任undertake承担innovation改革，创造excel突出，擅长cosmopolitan世界性的，周游世界的人stimulating刺激性的enrollment招生人数P4languages语言dialects方言official language官方语言disc磁盘Somalia索马里P5language learning styles语言学习风格communicative语言交际能力的analytical分析性的authority-oriented权威导向性的concrete具体的identity身份P6primary school 小学secondary school中学（英式）high school中学（美式）higher education高等教育college大学universitycomprehensive school综合学校GCSE examination英国普通中灯教育证书考试A level高级水平sophomore大二学生provincial省的，一级行政区的school board学校董事会diploma文凭certificate证书P7widely used广泛使用difficult 困难的hodgepodge综合体irregularity不规则，无规律largest vocabulary最多词汇量idioms习语varieties不同种类linguistics语言学Spring up突然出现aviation航空hodgepodge混合物stem from基于baffle使困惑prestige威信evolve进化pose产生slang俚语P9life生活American University美国大学student body学生群undergraduate school本科学校graduate school研究生院minority少数民族well-versed知识渊博的rule of thumb经验判断seminar研讨会P11experiment实验play with the language玩弄语言testing试验passive消极的unwillingness to make mistakes不情愿犯错rely on依赖read阅读peep偷看invariably一贯地stick one’s neck out有冒险行为off one’s own bat独自P12administration行政部门Auditorium大礼堂Clinic校医院mathematics数学chemistry化学physics物理学library图书馆history历史Chinese语文education教育philosophy哲学geography地理foreign languages外语sports ground运动场pshchology心理学auditorium礼堂P13application申请表university大学transcript成绩单major in主修counselor辅导员knack技能，本领P17peninsula半岛altitude海拔trench海沟Greenland格林兰岛the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠the Caspian Sea里海Lake Superior苏必利尔湖Mt. 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Paulo圣保罗Rio de Janeiro里约热内卢Calcutta孟加拉语Bombay孟买Delhi德里Seoul汉城P29call登机flight航班passenger乘客depart出发board上船、飞机、火车等depart起程，出发due规定shuttle来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)check in进房Albania阿尔巴尼亚Frankfurt法兰克福Karachi卡拉奇Edinburgh爱丁堡Nairobi内罗毕Madrid马德里Hamburg汉堡Muscat马斯科特Kuala Lumpur吉隆坡Dublin都柏林P30chief steward乘务长buffet car自助餐车on sale大售卖steward乘务员buffet自助餐toast干杯ham火腿cress水芹licensed有营业许可的P31journey旅行plane飞机jet travel乘飞机旅行train火车marvellous极好的Victoria维多利亚Plymouth普利茅斯P32Villa Rentals别墅租赁holiday villa度假村bedroom卧室bathroom浴室kitchen厨房sitting-room客厅terrace阳台car小汽车video录像片rent租fishing village渔村villa别墅facilities设备grand豪华的inclusive包容的advert广告whereabouts所在地convertible敞篷车divan矮长沙发agency代理机构Naples那不勒斯Metro巴黎地铁Renault雷诺Ford Fiesta福特嘉年华the Mediterranean地中海Minorca班诺卡Gatwick盖特威克P34-35to excel in在.....表现优异off one’s own bat靠自己to have a knack for偏向于the 2nd(3rd,4th...)largest in population人口第二、三、四...大...ranks 1st (2nd ,3rd ...)in its population（GDP）人口排名第一、二、三......大The population is/was ...人口数量是......with a population of人口数量是The population reached人口到达(A language) has ... speakers（一种语言有）......人讲(A language) is spoken by ... people（一种语言）有......人讲...symbolize the passing of the mark象征着跨越重要关口passengers for/on ...flight ...to... ...... 的乘客飞往......due to depart即将出发check in登机检票be situated坐落于P39gift礼物luck运气symbol象征even甚至set放置Argentina阿根廷P41greet见面traditional传统的friends朋友hug拥抱firm紧紧的holiday假日celebration庆祝observe庆祝feast节日in honor of纪念commemorate纪念celebrate庆祝P42seasonal季节性的affection情感的anonymously匿名地lunar月亮unsuspecting未察觉的victim受害者annual每年的tradesman商人staff员工patroness支持者spinster老姑娘missionary传教士patron saint守护圣人movable灵活的the Canal Zone运河区Philippine Islands菲律宾群岛Saint Catherine圣凯瑟琳节Saint Patrick圣帕特里克节P43museum博物馆visit拜访reproduction复制品audience观众appearance外貌guided tour有导游的观光旅游educational service教育服务children’s department儿童部privileged有特权的vacationer度假者metropolitan大都市reproduction再生品stegosaurus剑龙architecture建筑represent代表lifestyle生活方式Stockholm斯德哥尔摩P44amusing娱乐的confuse困惑understand明白French法语canoe独木舟squid鱿鱼deposit存款P45trip旅行Brazil巴西street vendors街头摊贩unusual things不寻常事情fortune-teller算命先生eating吃France法国performer表演者portrait肖像vendor小贩specialty特长P47busy繁忙的summer夏天winter冬天mountainous多山的crowded拥挤的humid潮湿的compact小型的Osaka大坂P48sign标志gesture手势approval赞成disapproval反对positive积极的nagative消极的nonverbal非言语的obscene下流的offence冒犯smack打巴掌suck吮吸index finger食指thumb大拇指fingertip指尖tilt倾斜screw螺丝钉poke戳twist弯曲utter说palm手掌pucker皱起toss扔irritating惹人生气的brush-off漠视，不理睬P51do business做生意tip小贴士nationality国籍punctual准时的contact联络人designer clothes名牌服装casual随意的title标题business card名片deal协议chaos混乱career职业P57email message电子邮件信息addresses地址Queen Elizabeth II伊丽莎白二世Jimmy Carter吉米·卡特email accounts电子邮件账户hoax骗术crash电脑崩溃coordinate协调account账户Maine美国缅因州P58information superhighway信息高速公路shorthand速记法abbreviations缩写techie技师zoom激增decode解码standby替代品make the rounds网络上流传Tim Berners-Lee蒂姆·伯纳斯-李World Wide Web互联网primitive原始的P60connection连接systems系统broadcasting广播television电视computers电脑relations关系costly昂贵的P62wire线dormitories集体宿舍high-speed Internet access互联网接口a top priority优先考虑的事情merger公司兼并pipeline渠道envision想象priority优先权meager不足的budget开支fraction一小部分bulk大部分toll收费mow down破坏simultaneously同时地antiquated老式的P63future未来everywhere任何地方experimenting anarchy无政府状态实验asset资产threat恐吓vague模糊的clerical秘书工作Internet World Trade Show互联网世贸展networked individualism网络个人主义social networks社交网络electronic interaction电子相互作用interact与......交流contradict矛盾flesh-and-blood骨肉相连hermit头盔make-believe虚构flicker点亮的child-rearing抚养孩子P71the “first”第一Olympic奥运会hemisphere半球Melbourne墨尔本Munich慕尼黑the most popular sport最受欢迎运动different meanings不同含义measure措施the number of people人口数量P74neighbors邻居football match足球比赛fans粉丝trouble麻烦large crowds大批人affectionate关爱的aggressive好斗的，挑衅的knock out淘汰smash打杂monster怪物terrace大型体育看台rugby英式橄榄球Wimbledon(伦敦郊区)温布尔登(网球场) P75sport运动goodwill亲善大使competitive有竞争性的win赢mimic warfare模拟战争attitude态度cricket板球inclination趋势orgy狂欢deduce推理utmost最多的patriotism爱国主义disgrace尽失颜面combative好斗的instinct才能mimic模仿warfare战争spectator观众absurd荒谬的at any rate在任何情况下virtue美德P77Paralympics残奥会sports competition运动比赛physical or mental limitations身体或精神残疾disabilities残疾spinal cord脊髓wheelchair轮椅scuba diving潜水yoga瑜伽visual interpreter视译员。
北京大学外国语学院希伯来语专业一、专业简介该专业始建于1985年，是中国高校中最早开设的希伯莱语专业。
现有副教授2人，讲师1人。
专业建立二十多年来，培养了5届本科生和1届硕士研究生。
他们主要分布在外交、新闻、教育、科研、商贸等行业。
该专业培养德、智、体全面发展的、掌握希伯莱语言文化基础知识、理论和技能的专门人才。
本科生在校四年，除了全面系统地学习希伯莱语言的阅读、视听说、写作、翻译等方面的技能以外，还要学习犹太文化和历史，并掌握与以色列政治、经济、宗教和文化相关的知识，以适应国家和社会多方面的高级文化人才的需求。
二、专业培养要求、目标培养能从事外交、外贸、国际文化交流、涉外企业、新闻、外语教学和外国问题研究等工作的德才兼备的应用型专门人才。
要求学生扎实地掌握希伯莱语言文化基础知识和能胜任实际工作的听、说、读、写、译等语言技能，对所学语言国家的社会、历史、文化、外交以及政治、经济现状等有较广泛的了解，对中国和世界文化有比较广博的知识，英语水平达到四级，具有较好的汉语水平和表达能力，具备独立学习的能力、初步的研究能力以及较强的适应不同社会职业需要的能力。
三、授予学位文学学士四、学分要求与课程设置总学分：150学分，其中：1．必修课程94学分（公共必修32+大类平台8+专业必修54）；2．选修课程50学分（大类平台8+专业选修10+通选12+其他选修课）；3．毕业论文/设计6学分；4．其他学习（如科学研究训练、社会实习与实践、校外学习与交流等）并须同时满足下列选课要求：1）全校公共必修课程：32学分2）大类平台课程：16学分，其中非本院系课程不低于8学分必修：8学分选修：至少选8学分（专业推荐课程）3）专业课程：至少72学分必修：54学分（带*号者为大类平台课，不计入本类学分）选修：至少选10学分4) 本科素质教育通选课：12学分A.数学与自然科学类：和F类相加至少4学分B.社会科学类：至少2学分C.哲学与心理学类：至少2学分D.历史学类：至少2学分E.语言、文学、艺术与美育类：至少2学分，其中至少一门是艺术类课程F.社会可持续发展类：和A类相加至少4学分5) 其他选修课：本类课程可以从学校公选课等各类选修课程中任意选择，学分不足部分可以由大类平台课程以及通选课学分补足。
Unit 6 For the Glory of SportPart I Warming upA．Key words:the “firsts” OlympicVocabulary: hemisphere Melbourne MunichTapescriptWomen competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamonix.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles. In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.The 1956 Olympics in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.B.TapescriptWhat is the most popular sport in the United States? That may be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words "most popular."One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C.Tapescript:Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes- and up -- and down -- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee -- up -- pull towards you -- and down. Move your feet further apart,' bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back- keep your head up! And relax ... Feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position -- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulder height, palms up. Rotate your arm in small circles- that's right -- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK -- if we're all warmed up now, let's begin!Part II The sporting spiritA.Key words: neighbors football match fans trouble large crowdsVocabulary:affectionate /aggressive /knockout /smash /monster /terrace rugby/WimbledonTapescript:Section 1M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, andI live near a football ground, Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, becausethey come back from the match about 6 o'clock,7 o'clock drunk, aggressive--they scream, they shout, and...After the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out, I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don't understand, I really don't understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: But do you think that's so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I've heard other people say they've gone to football matches and there's been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been...sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There's always trouble, isn't there?M: Well, but it's ,it's not...it's ...In Brazil, for example, where I've also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there's no aggression or violence, or...there's nothing like that. It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England anda few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to showtheir most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it's just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches--go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis...M: Go to pop concerts...J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it's interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody's seated...BKey words: sport goodwill competitive win mimic warfare attitudeVocabulary:cricket/inclination/orgy/deduce/utmost/patriotism/disgrace/combative/instinct/mimic/ warfare/spectator/absurd/at any rate/virtueThe following passage you are going to hear is from “The Sporting Spirit” written by George Orwell. Now listen and enjoy. Supply the missing words.Tapescript;I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a schoolfootball match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators；and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Part III Sports and entertainment choicesKey words:Paralympics/ sports competition/ physical or mental limitations/ disabilities/ choices of entertainmentVocabulary: spinal cord/ wheelchair/scuba diving/ yoga/ visual interpreter Tapescript:The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympic Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitions from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic Games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities.Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there are more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, here is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the State of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and mental disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A reporter from The Washington Post wanted to know what it would be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.” Finally heAt the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people interested in yoga, there are special stretching exercises. Matthew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago.Matthew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. He had to learn to live with a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with the thirteen-year-old boy who loved his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him connect his body and mind again.Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the State of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living---whether we have a disability or not.Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities. Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play for a person who is blind or has limited sight.And some movie theaters offer a new device called MoPix, for Motion Picture Access. For a person unable to hear the movie, it shows the words the actors are saying. For a person unable to see the movie, it provides a spoken description of what is happening. Part IV Language study and language appreciationListen the following statements. Pay special attention to eh parts in bold type. Learn to appreciate and use the language.1.to make a good gift✧These sets make very good gifts.2.to be observed/ in honor ofa)Feast of Dolls in Japan falls on March 2. It is observed there in honor of girlsb)Feast of Banners in Japan is on May 5. It is observed in honor of boys.3.to feel one’s hair stand on end✧At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end asharmless electricity passes through your body.✧As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences,particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population.5.in an effort✧They also bring together in one display a group of objects drawn from variousparts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole lifestyle of a region ora historical period.e sth. to best advantage✧The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.7.places to visit/places to enjoy✧Instead of being places that one “should” visit, they are places to enjoy.8.as varied✧Gestures of disapproval, dislike, or “no” are just as varied.9.to get straight down to✧The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!10.to be on one’s way to✧So, use these tips, and you will be on your way to a successful internationalbusiness career!rmation superhighway/traffic/ the bulk of the traffic✧One feature of the information superhighway is that the traffic travels fast.✧The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instantmessages, toll-free phone calls, e-commerce orders, online games and use about anything.12.to zoom along✧Techies use their own special shorthand to keep messages zooming along.13.to wire…for…✧Colleges across the United States have spent hundreds of millions of dollarsin recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed internet access.14.to inch one’s way into✧So we’re going to inch our way into the future.15.to shut out…in favor of…/on flickering computer screens✧The Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in favor ofa make-believe world on flickering computer screens16.to keep to oneself/ to reach out to✧We’re keeping more to ourselves, while a the same time reaching out to morepeople, all with just the click of a computer mouse!17.by that measure✧Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball.18.to work oneself into furies✧But the significant thing is he attitude of the nations who work themselvesinto furies over these absurd contests and seriously believe that running, jumping and kicking a ball are test of national virtue.19.a safety line✧Protected by a safety line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and startedto feel for places to put his hands and feet.20.to live with…/to build up the strength✧He had to learn to live with a new reality. For many years, he was told tobuild up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.。
Today, we are going to tell something about the most successful boy band in the world, Westlife, the achievement they got and the difficult time they faced to.First, let me make a brief introduction of them. Westlife is an Irish boy band formed in 1998. At beginning, the band was consisted of 5 young men who loved music deeply, they’re Kian Egan , Mark Feehily , Shane Filan, Nicky Byrne, and Brian McFadden. That’s their roles in the band. These five boys have shown itself to be rather versatile. You can get a taste of blues, soft rock, as well as ballads. They can handle songs of different styles.You may find it hard to believe ,but these five talented boys have set a record that nobody had ever done before .The band started with the record called “Music artist with most consecutive number 1's in the UK", which consists of their first seven singles, and till now, no one break it. Throughout their career, the band have 14 UK number ones and 25 top ten singles in total, the third-highest in UK history, only behind The Beatles and Elvis Presley, tying with Cliff Richard.So Westlife certainly have countless fans from all walks of life. The band has sold over 45 million records worldwide which includes studio albums, singles, video release, and compilation albums. The Official Charts Company credited Westlife as the second biggest-selling artist and biggest-selling band of the decade.I will now hand you over to Wic who will speak about the turning-point of the band.However, things are not always easy. In 2004, just two weeks before their forthcoming tour, one of members Brian decided to leave the band, so that he could have more time to spend with him family. It was such a shock, both to other boys and fans, but they all respected his decision and were appreciated his contribution. After a short press conference, Brian was officially, publicly, no longer in Westlife.There was a huge pressure on the rest four members, and the rumors that Westlife would break up were all around. Obvious, i t’s a tough time for them, b ut the boys didn’t give in, didn’t want it to end and stuck to the tour, which was one of the most brilliant tours of Westlife. They were n’t satisfied with that, still recorded the songs and held more tours. 1 year later, a single was released and made a worldwide hit, that’s “You Raise Me Up.” Then, in Westlife 10th anniversary, they held the biggest concert of their career at Croke Park in Dublin, which attracted more than 82000 people.When people thought Westlife would continue to move on, a letter from them was released in their official website. In the letter, they said ”we today announce our plan to go our separate ways after a greatest hits collection this Christ mas and a farewell tour next year……we would liketo thank our fans who have been with us on this amazing journey ” . It all happened so suddenly, the fans all around the world were heartbroken, for us, i t’s too hard to say goodbye.However, we can understand and support their decision absolutely even if it made us sadAs Wic said, over the years, Westlife has become so much more to us than just a band. They are a family. They mean a lot to us. We love Westlife with a passion because their songs bring us love, courage, strength and conviction. They like family members on our side. As they said "We would like to thank our fans who have been with us on this amazing journey and are part of our family too.”On their own, they never imagined when they started out in 1998 that 14 years later they would still be recording, touring and having hits together. Their dream has come true, and they want to have a well-earned break and look at new ventures.Although we are not willing to hear their dissolution, we still believe that they will take their faith to go and they will sing songs and entertain people. As a band they are under no illusions. They're not saving lives; they're not operating on brains. It's a band, it's pop music and there are certain things that it could never compete with, like family, friends, love ... happiness. As a Chinese saying goes “there is no never-ending feast.”They have tried their best,and i t’s time to say goodbye. We allbelieve that their dissolution is not the end, that means a perfect curtain call, a rebirth, and their music will last forever.。
Unit 5 Net Changes Life (1) Part I Warming upA.Key words: email message addressesQueen Elizabeth II Jimmy Carter email accounts hoax Vocabulary: crash coordinate accounthoaxMaineTapescript：Great Dates in Email HistoryOctober 1969Leonard Kleinrock, a UCLA computer science professor, sends the first email message to a colleague at Stanford. The computer promptly crashes.September 1983Colby College in Waterville, Maine, becomes one of the first institutions of higher education to assign email accounts to all its students.December 1994A widely circulated email hoax appears, warning that reading an email entitled "Good Times" will erase your hard drive and destroy your processor.December 1998In the movie You've Got Mail, a celebration of email romance, Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks recreate The Shop Around the Corner online. The original movie, The Shop Around the Corner, was shown in 1937.B.Key words:Information superhighway shorthand abbreviationsVocabulary:techie zoom decode standbymake the roundslisten to a short talk about the abbreviations used on the Internet. What do these abbreviations mean? Write down the full meaning.AISI IMHO FWIW CMIIW AAMOF BION FYI MYOB SOP TAFN BCNU as I see itin my humble opinionfor what it is worthcorrect me if I’m wrongas a matter of factbelieve it or notfor your information’mind your own business standard operating procedure that’s all for nowbe seein’ youTapescript:One feature of the information superhighway is that the traffic travels fast, and techies use their own special shorthand to keep messages zooming along. Today we'll help you decode tech talk by answering some not so frequently asked questions about abbreviations on the Internet.What does it mean when a message includes the letters AISI or IMHO? AISI stands for "as I see it" and IMHO is shorthand for "in my humble opinion."Some modest folks will also add FWIW before sharing their opinion, which stands for "for what it's worth." Others express their disapproval with the letters CMIIW. That is, "correct me if I'm wrong."The list of commonly abbreviated phrases on the Net is nearly endless. As a matter of fact, AAMOF stands for "as a matter of fact," and "believe it or not" gets posted as BION.Are there any pre-Information-Age abbreviations still making the rounds in this high-tech era? You bet. The old standbys FYI, MYOB, and SOP which stand for "for your information," "mind your own business," and "standard operating procedure'' are still frequently used today even in email.Since time is getting short, has the Net given us truly short and clear ways to say good-bye? Try TAFN (that's all for now), and BCNU (be seein' you).C．Key words: Tim Berners-Lee world wide webVocabulary: primitiveYou are going to hear some statements. Each statement will be followed by a wh- word. Write down the relevant segments according to the wh-word. For example if you hear “The boy was looking for his mother.” “Whom?”, Just write down the words “his mother.”Who? When? When? Where? How many? What?To whom?Tim Berners-LeeIn the 1980sIn 1990on to the Internet10 to 100,000e-commercepeople with imagination and new ideasTapescript:1. Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to thefoundation of the World Wide Web./Who?2. In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version ofemail. / When?3. In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee wrote programs which forni the basis of the World WideWeb. / When?4. In 1991 his programs were placed on to the Internet./ Where?5. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000./Howmany?6. Right now the world is focused on e-commerce. / What?7. The invention of the web brings rapid rewards to people with imagination and newideas. / To whom?Part II Network and networkingA.Key words:connection system broadcastingtelevisioncomputersrelationsVocabulary: costlyA1 Listen to a report about the word “network”. Supply the explanation for the word:NetworkA2 Now listen again. Focus on the original use and modern use of the word “network”.•In the late 1800screated to deal with new ideas or new technologies. New meanings also are added to existing words. A dictionary published years ago may show one or two meanings for a word; a dictionary published today may list several more meanings for the same word.Network is one such word. It combines two words. The first is "net," it means materials that are connected; the second is "work." One meaning of "work" is a system. Network means a connection of systems that work together. The systems that networks connect can be very different. For example, radio and television stations can be connected in the network, so can computers and even people.Word expert Milford Matthew found written uses of the word "network" in the late 1800s. The word then was used as a verb, a word that shows action. At that time network meant the connection of railroads or other vehicles used for travel. One publication said it is only a question of time when the railroads will network an areaof the American west called the "Pan Handle." Another publication of the time said complete areas are networked by trolley cars, which are a kind of electric train.Now we often hear network used in connections with broadcasting. The Barnhart Dictionary of New English says that as early as 1914, people used it to mean a connected system of radio stations. This meaning continues to be popular. A more modern use of the word "network" is linked to computers. A network is a system that links a number of computers together. Networks make it possible for people who use computers to share information in costly equipment. Many companies and government agencies share the game computer network. The computers are linked through a main computer or through special lines. Some people are able to do their jobs from their home computers.Computer networks also permit an exchange of unofficial information and discussions between computer users. By linking their computers to telephones, people can buy goods through their computers. They can send messages to friends in many countries.Another modern use of the word "network" concerns relations between people. Ideas and information are exchanged by people who network to share interests and goals. Many Americans network to get better jobs or to meet new friends. Meeting new friends by networking is not work though is fun.B. Key words: wire dormitories high-speed Internet access a top priority Vocabulary: merger pipeline envision prioritymeager budget fraction bulktoll mow down simultaneously antiquatedB1Listen to a report about the internet. Focus on the areas and examples that theB2. Now discuss the following questions after you have heard the report.1. When you choose a university, will you consider high-speed Internet access a top priority? Why or why not?2. What facilities do you think are a must that a university should offer in the future?3. What do you think of attending professors' "virtual office hours" online? Is it better than the traditional way?Tapescript:The proposed merger of America Online and Time Warner anticipates an age when high-speed Internet access is everything. It will be a pipeline for almost all the entertainment, communications and information that people consume.It is an era so distant to most Americans that they can hardly envision it. And yet it already exists. In fact, it is the only world that today's college students know. Colleges across the United States have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed Internet access.When admissions people go out and talk to students these days, the students always ask, "Do you have a high-speed network?" Indeed, for today's students, having high-speed Internet access is a top priority. They base their housing decisions on it, and restructure their meager student budgets to afford it.College administrators acknowledge that academic pursuits are just a fraction of the activity on their campus networks. The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instant messages, toll-free phone calls, e-commerce orders, online games and just about anything.At a high-rise dorm at the University of Southern California, walking down the hallway on the eighth floor almost any time of day, you're likely to hear students in separate rooms shouting at each other -- "You killed me! "-- as they mow each other down in online games played over the network. Friends from opposite ends of the floor simultaneously make for the elevators. They've just messaged each other by computer that it's time to head off to the dining commons. To them, knocking on someone's door is an antiquated 20th century tradition.Today's students register for classes, get their homework assignments, research papers and attend professors' "virtual office hours" online. Some universities even post course lectures on the Net, so that students can review them any 'time they wish.Just as one of the students put it: "We live our lives over the Internet."Part III Future of the InternetA Key words: future everywhere experimenting anarchy asset threat Vocabulary: vague clerical asset Internet World Trade ShowYou are going to hear an interview on the future of the Internet. Pay a special attention to the main points that some specialists say about the Internet. Complete the following statements.1. Technology is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.2. The Internet is the world’s largest experimenting anarchy.3. Some languages will disappear.4. Economies are changing.B Key words: networked individualism social net works electronic interaction Vocabulary: interact contradict flesh-and-blood hermitmake-believe flicker child-rearingB2 Listen to the report again. Find out what the tricky term “networked individualism” means and fill in the blanks.Part IV Short talks on listening skillsListen to the short talk entitled "Be Careful with Numbers." Some important words are taken away from the written passage. Supply the missing words.Be Careful with NumbersQuick and accurate response to numbers is very important in daily communication. Telephone numbers, addresses, prices, temperatures, time and dates are all closely linked with the use of numbers. Besides, numbers also play a very important part in broadcast programs such as scientific stories, statistics update, and reports about ongoing events of various kinds.Although identification of numbers in print is usually easy, number identification through listening proves to be a big problem for many people. In actual listening, we are often required to get the numbers immediately after we hear them. And failure to get a correct number, sometimes a mere mistake in digit, can seriously affect thecommas into groups of three digits each. For example, 1,234,567 is one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, and five hundred and sixty-seven. Saying numbers over to yourselves after you hear them can increase our sensitivity to numbers. Numbers are all around us. Let us practice with numbers and learn to be good at numbers.。
北京理工大学珠海学院外国语学院课程学期论文Stylistic Analysis of O.Henry's The Gift of the Magi姓名：许颖淑班级：11级英语10班学号：111002101009Stylistic Analysis of O.Henry's The Gift of the MagiIntroductionAs one of the three masters of short stories in the literature history, 0.Henry was an outstanding American writer who is very familiar to and is popular with readers around the world.O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization, and clever twist ending.Those his great works must have their own characteristics, which are shown in vocabulary, sentence and grammar, etc. In this thesis, I will select one of the famous short stories of 0.Henry and try to analyze it from the angle of stylistics and to describe the most significant stylistic features of it.The Gift of the Magi is one of the most famous one among O.Henry's short stories. I will make an analysis of it based on the stylistic theory and mainly discuss the following aspects: graphology, lexicon, syntax and semantics.I At the Lexical Level1. V ocabularyV ocabulary is one of most important aspects in influencing the difficulty and the acceptance of the story. It is known that 0.Henry is good at and famous for writing short stories. One of the reasons why he and his works are popular is that the stories are simple and easy to read and understand. It is hardly found there are difficult and elusive words in his works so that they are welcomed by all kinds of readers around the world. We can find that most words in this text are common words we often use.2. Word LengthWord length is an important stylistic marker. The longer and more complicated the words are, the more formal the texts are. 0.Henry uses more short words to make the stories more vivid, which also help the readers to understand what the writer tends to convey. On the other hand, due to the familiar and conversational words are employed among characters dialogues, a wide use of colloquial worddecrease the mean word length to a certain degree. Since the great storyteller depicts the daily life of common people，the short words can help to make the story more living and closer to the real situation, and at the same time, can also attract the readers to go on reading with ease.3. Word Class0.Henry makes a quantity of description of environment and people，which needs a lot of nouns during writing such as names of characters and places. More employment of nouns can also help the writers to convey the idea more explicitly, and reducing the possibility of confusion and misunderstanding. For example：Suddenly Della turned from the window and stood before the glass mirror and looked at herself.Her eyes were shining, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds.Quickly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.The use of nouns in the examples he1ps the stolyteller with the clearness of the environment and characters, and meanwhile the misunderstanding and confusion is reduced when the readers appreciate the narrative.II At the Graphological Level1. PunctuationPunctuation is "the use of spacing, conventional signs, and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading, both silently and aloud, of handwritten and printed texts."[1] Another description is: "The practice, action, or system of inserting points or other small marks into texts, in order to aid interpretation; division of text into sentences, clauses, etc., by means of such marks."[2].Much question marks and exclamation marks are used in the story to express the feeling of the characters. "If Jim does not kill me before he takes a second look at me," she said to herself, "he'll say I look like a song girl. But what could I do--oh! what could I do with a dollar and eighty-seven cents?" But she held the combs to herself, and soon she was able to look up with a smile and say, "My hair grows so fast, Jim!" \Then Della jumped up like a little burned cat and cried, "Oh, oh!". Through the use of exclamation mark and question mark，the example above reflects the heroin Della's complicated mood and feeling after she cut off her hair and sells it, as well as her astonishment after seeing the gift that is given by her husband.Therefore,we can know punctuation is used as one of the visual connective devices that helpto communicate grammatical and other distinctions in written English. Much question marks and exclamation marks are used in the story to express the feeling of the characters.2. ParagraphingParagraphing refers to the way in which a text is divided into paragraphs (consisting of one or more sentences). A paragraph has,on the one hand a relatively strong and tight sense of internal coherence and on the other hand a relatively loose linkage with the textual material before and after it. The paragraph length of The Gift of the Magi is relatively short compared to some other short stories, for there are many paragraphs consisting of the communication between the couple by speech. "You have cut off your hair?" asked Jim, slowly, as if he had not accepted the information even after his mind worked very hard."Cut it off and sold it," said Della. "Do you not like me just as well? I am the same person without my hair, right?Jim looked about the room as if he were looking for something."You say your hair is gone?" he asked.The paragraphs look simple and concise, and it is easy to understand and readers seem to be in the real context when they read the stories.III At the Syntactic Level.1. Sentence LengthThe average sentence length of different variety is different. Generally speaking the longer the sentence is, the more difficult it is to be understood and the more formal the variety. Academic writing tends to use long sentences to achieve seriousness and preciseness. In literary works, long sentences are employed to describe detail and events while short sentences contain simpler grammatical structures and are quite easy to understand. O.Henry prefers to use short sentences in this selected story. In fact, many conversations exist in the short stories, and speakers tend to utter simple and short words in communication, and it is proper to describe the simple life of poor people at the bottom of the society with short and simple sentences in short stories.The employment of short sentence can reduce the difficulty of understanding and lead to popularity of the works. The related examples can be seen in the discussion of paragraphing.2. Use of Sentence FragmentSentence fragment refers to the incomplete sentence which lacks sentence component. A noun or a phrase beeomes a sentence due to some specific demand. It can be seen that there are such sentence fragments as mentioned in this work. 0.Henry achieves felicitous effects by breaking grammar. The stories are narrated as if someone were telling it to you face to face. There are some examples:One dollar and eighty-seven cents.A furnished flat at $8 per week.Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim.HerJim.These are not complete sentences but noun phrases and the readers can easily catch what the author wants to tell us from such sentence fragments.IV At the Semantic LevelRhetorical DeviceIn short stories, in order to better convey meanings, figurative language is often employed. We can find the use of different figures of speech in this short story.1) SimileO’Henry pays more attention to the simile. O’Henry uses simile not only in the frequency of usage but also in other aspects.Of all kinds of figures,colorful and varied in scenery,common things and phenomenon in daily life which always having simile only enter the story world of O’Henr.It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the as or like.And them Della leaped up like a little singed cat and cried，“Oh，oh!”Jim stopped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail.So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters.In the above three examples the things of different categories are compared: a woman and a little singe cat, a man and a setter which smells the scent of quail，a woman's long and beautiful hair and a cascade of brown waters. The description can make the scene in the stories more vivid and striking and help readers to further understand.2) MetaphorIn O’Henry’s writing,metaphor is another feature which is worth mention.”A symbol differs from ametaphor in that its application is left open as an unstated suggestion.It is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality. It is also a comparison, but the comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like.It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her.Down rippled the brown cascade.In the examples, a woman's long hair is compared to her garment and the brown cascade,which tells readers how beautiful the hair is.3) HyperboleHyperbole is a type of exaggeration that is used in literature. It is a figure ofspeech, in which the diction exaggerates the subject.In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go，and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring.The example means that the flat is very shabby and poor. Obviously the hero and heroin living in such a place can not afford to buy luxurious gifts for each other. But they want to give their lovers satisfying and surprising Christmas gifts, so it is reasonable to sell the most precious possessions of the family.4)O’Henry uses Soapy as the typical figure in the novel. The Gift of the Magi and takes Ameriscan New York as an example reflects truly the poor people’s hard life at that time and uses ironic mannter to criticize the unfair of society and shows the strong5) AllusionAn allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference or representation of or to awell-known person，place，event，literary work，myth, or work of art.In The Gift of the Magi, 0.Henry tells a story of a couple who sacrifice their very valuable hair and watch in order to buy Christmas gifts for each other. At the end of the story, the author praises them with the words "the wisest", and "they are Magi". In Christian tradition, the Magi refers to as the Three Wise Men, three kings ,or kings from the East, who are said to have visited Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, myrrh and frankincense. Gold symbolized Christ's kingship on earth. Frankincense (an incense) symbolized Christ's role as priest. Myrrh，which was commonly used as an embalming substance，symbolized Jesus' death on the cross. The story ends with the narrator comparing the couple's mutually sacrificial gifts of love with those of the Biblical Magi. The mostprecious they possess are their love for each other. The readers are moved by the true love, and at the same time they can learn from the hero and heroin the real meaning of giving gifts.ConclusionWe can see from the analysis above that O.Henry uses more question marks and exclamation marks than the other punctuation marks in the text. He is good at using very short items, such as the simple words, the short sentences, and the sentence fragments, all these can reduce the difficulty of understanding and lead to vividness and popularity of the work. And also some rhetorical devices are applied to achieve brevity and vividness in this text. All those together had made The Gift of the Magi notable and wellknown around the world.BibliographyJump up ^Encyclopaedia BritannicaJump up ^Oxford English Dictionary, definition 2a.Noam Chomsky .(1957). Syntactic structures[M].TheHague:Mouton University Press.O.Hellry.(1995).O.Henry 100 Selected stories[M]. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth.Wang Shouyuan.(2000).A Course in English Stylistics[M].Shandong:Shandong Education Press. ChengYumin.(1988).Readings in Stylistics[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.曹佳源.(2007).对情景喜剧《老友记》的文体学分析[J].北京:首都师范大学.胡曙中.(2002)英语修辞学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社.夏立娟.(2007).简·奥斯丁作品的文体学分析[J].大连:大连海事大学.。
