小学英语句子基本结构

The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One.
I have something to do.
2．五种基本句型
种类
第1种 第2种 第3种 第4种
第5种
句型
主
谓语部分
语 S
谓语动词 V
表语P
宾语O
宾语 补足语
OC
S+V
We work.(不
及物)
Every body is here. They are at home now． My job is to teach them English．
感官动词
■ look ■ taste ■ smell ■ sound ■ feel 表示状态
■ become ■ remain ■ keep ■ prove ■ get
第一讲
一、句子的成分和基本句型 二、句子的种类 三、写作：接受便条
一、句子的成分和基本句型 1．句子的成分
主语+谓语=主题成分 ‖
表语+宾语（直接/间接宾语）+宾语补足语
定语+状语 =次要部分
① 主语subject
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。 一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。 它在句首。
⑥状语adverbial 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、 地点、目的、方式程度等意义，一般放在句末，但有的可以
放 在H句e 首di、d 句it 中ca。refully．
Without his help，we couldn’t work it out．
(In order) to catch up with my classmates， I must study hard．
S+V+O
He plays(及 物)
the piano
S+V+P
We are(系动 Stude
词)
nts.
S+V+IO（间 Sh gave(及 接宾语） e 物)
+DO（直接 宾语）
me a pen.
S+V+O+OC
He made(及 物)
the laugh boy
句子成分的表示法
S: Subject（主语） OC: Object Complement（宾语补足语，简称 宾补）
有些不及物动词后面加上介 就可把它看成一个及物动词
③第3种句型S+V+P
主语+系动词+表语
♣He became a scientist. ♣They are honest. 他们现在在家。 They are at home now. 我的工作是教他们英语。 My job is to teach them English.
不定式作主语时， 常用形式主语it句型
②谓语predicate
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必 须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致，它在主语后面。
His parents are doctors．
She looks well．
We study hard．
④宾语object
宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和 及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。
She is playing the piano now．
He often helps me．
He likes to sleep in the open air．
⑦定语attributive
定语用来修饰名词或代词，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容 词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语，不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语
等 都T可he以b担la任c定k 语bi。ke。is mine．
What is your name?
They made paper flowers.
♣We begin our class at 8.
vi:必背p.6 sleep go laugh walk come stay swim work
arrive happen/take place
②第2种句型S+V+O
主语＋谓语（及物动词）+宾语
♣My father read the book. ♣She likes English. ♣I know him very well. ♣They want to go. ♣He stopped writing. ♣You must listen to me.
V: Verb（动词） IO: Indirect Object（间接宾语，简称间宾） O: Object（宾语） DO: Direct Object（直接宾语，简称直宾） P: Predicative （表语）
①第1种句型S+V
主语＋谓语（不及物动词）
♣He runs in the park. ♣Class begins.
We study in NO. 1 Middle School．
The classroom is very clean．
Three were absent．
To teach them English is my job.
It is may job to teach them English.
We have finished reading the book．
He can speak English．
③表语predicative
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或
形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
You look younger than before． I am a teacher．
We enjoy living in China．
⑤宾语补足语object complement
“宾语+宾来自百度文库补足语” =复合宾语
♣If you let me go, I’ll make you king. ♣Leave the door open. ♣We found Li Ming out when we arrived. ♣Make yourself at home. ♣I saw a stranger enter the building. ♣The boss kept them working all day. ♣Yesterday he got his leg broken.