《科技英语翻译》课程练习三

《科技英语翻译》课程练习二答案一、翻译以下专用词汇cap帽子—轴承盖，罩壳shoe鞋—闸瓦，履带片cup杯子—皮碗，轴套bed床—底座，机座身house房子—箱体，罩disk唱片—研磨盘desk书桌—控制屏table桌子—放料盘eye眼—孔环ear耳—吊钩mouth口—开度nose鼻—喷嘴hand手—手柄，指针finger手指—厚薄规foot脚—支座head头—冒口，刀架neck颈—座body身体—机身hair头发―游丝phase 土壤学：分段物理系：相电工学：相位数学：位相动物学：型天文学：周相军事学：战斗阶段resistance 力学：阻力电学：电阻机械学：耐受性、强度二、翻译以下名词化结构1) All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.译文：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。

2) The rusting of metals is accompanied by increase in weight and by absorption of material from air.译文：金属生锈时常吸收了空气中的物质而增加了重量。

3) Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.译文：电视是通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。

4) The absence of an electron from a silicon atom can be thought of as a hole.译文：硅原子中缺少一个电子，可以看成是一个空穴。

5) The superiority of radar to ordinary vision lies in the greater distances at which seeing is possible with radar.译文：雷达相对于普通视力的优势在于利用雷达所能看清的距离比较远。

第3章名词和冠词的翻译第1节名词的翻译第1节翻译练习1一个不寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。

当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消除火花。

第1节翻译练习2比较结果表明，误差是由于名称不同而造成的。

（抽象名词comparison后增译名词“结果”）扫描结果证实，受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一种古老的旧观念不一致。

（抽象名词scan后增译名词“结果”）对放射性同位素的最新研究结果表明，这种设想是完全错误的。

（抽象名词research后增译名词“结果”）各种金属放出电子和参与化学反应的难度程度不一。

（抽象名词easy后增译名词“程度”）内蹄式鼓形制动器的防水、防尘性能比较好。

（抽象名词protection后增译名词“性能”）地球上的人们受到包围着地球并能吸收辐射的一层臭氧层的保护，从而免受危险的太阳紫外线辐射的伤害。

（具体名词radiation后增译名词“伤害”）根据分子理论的原理，物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。

（抽象名词theory后增译名词“原理”）温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。

（具体名词cooling 后增译名词“设施”）第1节翻译练习3要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤。

（动词派生的名词attention转译为动词）电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。

（名词concern转译为动词）窃取基因不是新鲜事。

（名词piracy转译为动词）所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。

（名词growth转译为动词）第1节翻译练习4这个试验是成功的。

（名词success转译为形容词）半导体在电子设备中能起各种各样的控制作用。

（表示数量概念的名词短语a variety of 转译为形容词）第2节冠词的译法第2节翻译练习1聚合物是一种高分子的物质。

橡胶是一种良好的绝缘体，所以经常使用在电缆上。

这种混合剂病人每周服用两次。

这些机器每个月可以加一次或两次油。

第2节翻译练习2轴承可以定义为一种专门设计用于支撑运动着的机器零件的构件。

科技英语翻译练习3---转换法puters can provide analyses of every operation in a factory.电脑可以分析工厂的每个工作环节。

2.We must place stress on the prevention of diseases.我们必须强调预防疾病。

3.The test piece shall be of length suitable for the apparatus being used.测试片的长度要适合被测的机器。

4.Heat is a form of energy into which all other forms are convertible.热量是一种可以转成其他所有形式的能量。

5.The force due to the motion of molecules tends to keep them apart.分子运动作用力往往使他们分离。

6.An electric current varies directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance. 电流与电动势成正比，与电阻成反比。

7.The electrolytic process for producing hydrogen is not so efficient as the thermochemicalprocess.用电解方法制造氢气不如用热化学方法有效。

8.The different production cost is closely associated with the sources of power.不同的生产造价与热源紧密相关。

9.At constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.在恒定的温度下，气体的压力与它的体积成反相关。

科技英语翻译课程练习三《科技英语翻译》课程练习三答案⼀、词义选择⼆、词义引申1. 具体化引申1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.译⽂：⾼速磨削不存在此不⾜。

2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould.译⽂：铸件的体积和形状随铸型⽽异。

3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.译⽂：合⾦是介于混合物和化合物之间的⼀种中间结构。

4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model.译⽂：这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。

5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound.译⽂：这表明真空，即没有空⽓的状态下，不能传播声⾳。

6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years.译⽂：这座桥建造⾮常牢固，已使⽤了百年。

2. 抽象化引申1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other anddetonate. Anything nearby is a goner.译⽂：导弹相继以⼏秒之差到达程序制导⽬标引爆。

附近的⼀切顷刻覆灭。

(原⽂中的goner，本义是“⽆可挽救的⼈(或物)”，意义很具体，但如果按照这种直译则⽂理不通，因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义，作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。

)2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi —conductors.译⽂：元件技术中起主要作⽤的是半导体元件。

一、修改以下句子:1. The total area under natural protection reaches 19330 hectares, and which account for2.01% of the total area of China.2. The boil point of the solution is higher than any of its separate components.3. Using triethanolamine (三乙醇胺）as absorption solution to capture various air pollutants simultaneously in one sample, it’s absorption efficiency is high.4. Chinese traditional herbal medicine takes a high proportion on the pharmaceuticalmarket and are being more and more emphasized, so that the supply is smaller than the demand.5. Some microorganisms can survive under extreme environments, for example, a lot ofmicroorganisms were found in sea and saline lakes.6. That happened later indicated that this endothermic reaction may alleviate thebreakage of a filament due to denitrogenation during the carbonization stage. （随后发生的现象表明，该吸热反应可能会减缓由碳化阶段的脱氮反应所引起的细小纤维的断裂。

科技英语考试题型与分值Part I Match the words with their definition. Fill the number of the word in the bracket. (5%) 10个小题，每题0.5分。

Part II Translate English phrases to Chinese or Chinese ones to English.(30%)30个小题，每题1分。

1-20英译汉，21-30汉译英。

Part III. Translate the following sentences. (40%)10个句子，每个句子4分。

1-5英译汉，6-10汉译英。

Part IV. Reading comprehension (25%)A. Answer the following questions according to the articles in the textbook.(15%)5个问题，每题3分。

B．Choose the best answer from the four choices given. (10%)5个选择题，每题2分。

Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processV1. 除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。

《科技英语翻译》课程练习一《科技英语翻译》课程练习一答案一、翻译以下句子，注意其中定语成分的处理1) For two forces to cancel, they must act on the same object.译文：为了使两个力能相互抵消，它们必须作用在同一物体上。

2) This charged particle is small enough to be considered asa point.译文：这个带电粒子小到可以被看成一个点。

3) Doubling the volume means halving the pressure.译文：使体积加倍，意味着使压力减半。

4) On integrating this equation, we obtain a formula whereby the exponent of the cosine factor is unchanged.译文：对这个方程积分后，我们得到了一个公式，根据这个公式，余弦因子的指数并不改变。

5) The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force acting and is inversely proportionalto the mass of the body.译文：物体的加速度正比于作用力而反比于物体的质量。

6) The energy required to effect the successive accelerations and move an electron from one pointto another is called the electric potential difference.译文：为了引起不断的加速而使电子从一点运动到另一点所需的能量，称为该两点间的电位差。

二、翻译以下句子，注意翻译的标准1) The power plant is the heart of a ship.译文：动力装置是船舶的心脏。

英语翻译练习题一、词汇翻译1. 将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：1.1 计算1.2 同意1.3 教育1.4 健康状况1.5 创新思维2. 将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：2.1 Challenge2.2 Cooperation2.3 Environment2.4 Technology2.5 Culture二、句子翻译1. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：1.1 我昨天去了图书馆。

1.2 我们应该珍惜时间。

1.3 这个方案有很多优点。

1.4 保护环境是每个人的责任。

1.5 她在一家外企工作。

2. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文：2.1 They are discussing the project.2.2 Reading is a good habit.2.3 He will go to New York next month.2.4 The meeting will start at 9 a.m.2.5 She is interested in music.三、段落翻译1. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文：近年来，我国科技发展迅速，取得了举世瞩目的成就。

为了进一步提高科技创新能力，政府出台了一系列政策措施，鼓励企业加大研发投入，培养高素质人才。

2. 将下列英文段落翻译成中文：四、实用英语翻译1. 将下列中文旅游宣传语翻译成英文：1.1 欢迎来到美丽的桂林！1.2 长城，中华民族的骄傲。

1.3 不到长城非好汉。

2. 将下列英文产品说明书翻译成中文：2.1 Please charge the battery for at least 4 hours before using it for the first time.2.2 This product is not suitable for children under 3 years old.2.3 For best results, use the product according to the instructions.五、文学翻译1. 将下列中文诗歌翻译成英文：床前明月光，疑是地上霜。

科技英语翻译第三四章3.1 名词的译法第1节翻译练习1In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。

当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消除火花。

第1节翻译练习2The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.The scans confirmed that the su bjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.比较结果表明，误差是由于名称不同而造成的。

扫描结果证实，受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一ambient temperature, and the external cooling. 根据分子理论的原理，物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。

温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。

第1节翻译练习3Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy. Gene piracy is not new.All plants and animals need carbon for growth. 要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤。

Keys:第一章科技英语阅读第一节科技英语主要特点I.1.The first three sentences in Passage One are all constructed with passive voice while thefirst three sentences in Passage Two are constructed with active voice. Therefore, the language in Passage One sounds more formal and objective than that of Passage Two.2.The words spoken by Sheila in Passage Two are informal. Examples: "There's Ravi atthe home of that American doctor." (Contracted form); "A wonderful guy." (Incomplete sentence); "Ravi looks sweet, doesn 't he?" (Question tag).3.In the second paragraph of Passage One, "it" refers to "to use insecticide regularly, on avery large scale."4.In the second paragraph of Passage Two, "through" means "finish" or "complete."5.Passage One is written for academic purpose and Passage Two mainly for entertainment. II.Passage OneA blast of hot air is sent into the bottom of the furnace to make the coke burn fiercely. It is blown into the furnace through pipes. These pipes are installed around the circumference of the blast furnace eight feet above the bottom.While the coke is burning and iron is melting, gas is formed at the top of the chamber. This is led off from the top of the furnace to be used. It contains carbon monoxide, which is combustible. Part of this gas is used for making the air blast hot. It is led off into stoves.Passage TwoAll elements are composed of discrete units called atoms, which are the smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of the element. Atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and electrically neutral neutrons. Protons and neutrons, which have approximately the same mass, are clustered in the nucleus in the center of the atom. Electrons, which are tiny in comparison to the other units, orbit the nucleus at high speed. Atoms that have an equal number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. Those that have gained or lost electrons, and therefore are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.第二节科技、半科技英语专业术语I.1. D (自动驾驶仪)2. F (生物钟)3. I (热核的)4. G (地热的)5. B (微波)6. J (放射疗法)7. E (光周期)8. A (超导体)9. H (远距离操纵器) 10. C (超显微/滤过性病毒)II.1. 一位从事航空医学研究的医生2. 防止计算机犯罪的措施3. 一种新型除霜器4. 一个用光电池驱动的玩具5. 一辆装有自动报警器的汽车6. 隔音材料7. 一种广泛使用的杀虫剂（农药）8. 用放射性碳做的试验9. 电信业的发展10. 一台通用机床III.1. in-(Inorganic)2. radio- (radioactive)3. hydro- (Hydrotherapy)4. -free (caffeine-free)5. infra- (infrared) / ultra- (ultrared)6. mono- (monorail)7. aero- (Aerodynamics) 8. -fold (33-fold)9. geo- (geocentric) 10. -proof (weatherproof)11. bio- (biotechnology) 12. anti- (antibiotic)IV. 发电站 2. 矿物燃料 3. 太阳黑子 4. 航天探测器 5. 滚珠轴承6. 涡轮7. 航天飞机8. 树木的年轮9. 离心调速器10. 心肌功能V.1. flow2. laws3. law4. conserved5. transferred6. transformed7. bond8. thermodynamics9. work 10. law 11. degraded 12. work13. law 14. state 15. disorder 16. energy17. law 18. biological 19. metabolically 20. cellVI.1.很明显，许多家用电器的加热和照明作用都依靠电阻。

《英语翻译》第三部分单句翻译第三部分单句翻译（技巧分析及重点归纳）单句翻译部分考点总结：词性转换词义选择句子成分转换句式转换语序调整一、英译汉部分考点分析1.词性转换—转动词（1）名词转动词（2）形容词转动词（3）介词转动词（4）副词转动词In exchange, he said, China agreed to increase its domestic demand, meaning relying less on its cheap currency to drive exports. （Unit 1）Obama replied, "We believe strong dialogue is important not only for the U.S. and China, but for the rest of the world." （Unit 1）American strategic thinkers are calling attention to China’s increasing global economic reach and the growing capability of its military forces. （Unit 3）Care must be taken lest both sides analyze themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies. （Unit 3）For weeks, central Russia has been in the grips of its worst-ever heat wave, which has caused probably thousands of fatalities. （Unit 9）...offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world ...（Unit 15）...and there is a modem commercial development at Docklands with skyscrapers to rival those in Pudong. （Unit 19）Shops and restaurants supply mixtures of Chinese and western food, the more genuine ones with menus in Chinese as well as English, but most customers eat with a knife and fork. （Unit 19）Over the library of one of our great law schools is inscribed the motto, “Not under man but under God and law.”（Unit 21）2.词义选择Reflecting the broad range of issues that have come to characterize relations between two countries, some of the sensitive topics that have dominated U.S.-Chinese talks in the past now seem further down the agenda.（Unit 1）Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. （Unit 5）Pub etiquette is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. （Unit 11）A group of Italian youths waited for 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. （Unit 11）Imagine a virus that could travel like the flu—and kill like HIV. （Unit 13）We now live in such crowded cities that the scope for transmission of a virus which travels through air is greater than ever before. （Unit 13）Some of the players were dismayed by the new rules, which stated that the ball could no longer be carried, and that kicking and grabbing your opponent was not allowed. （Unit 17）These had been part of the game since 1823，when a schoolboy at Rugby School decided that his dribbling skills were not up to much, and picked the ball up and started running towards the opponent’s goal.Neither he nor I anticipated this long and difficult road. （Unit 21）But our disappointment must be overcome by our love of country. （Unit 21）At certain stops there are surprises. Some of these will translate into great moments of joy; some will result in profound sorrow. （Unit 23）Some people consider their journey like a jaunty tour. They will just go merrily along. Others will encounter many upsets, tears and losses on their journey. （Unit 25）Then I found that she had been married about two weeks before, to a local innkeeper. She hadn’t waited. （Unit 25）3.句子成分的转换Obama said American values of freedom of speech and assembly are “universal rights, and they should be made available to all the people.”（Unit 1）（并列句改作前置定语）The upcoming summit between the America and Chinese presidents is to take place while progress is being made in resoling many of the issues before them...（Unit 3）（主语改作宾语）Care must be taken lest both sides analyze themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies. （Unit 3）（主语改作谓语，同时在句式上被动句改为主动句）Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?（Unit 5）（宾语改作主语，定语改作表语）A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. （Unit 5）（主语改作状语，增译主语）This summer has seen one of the weather-related extremes in Russia, Pakistan, China, Europe, the Arctic—you name it. （Unit 9）（主语改作时间状语，宾语改作主语，增译谓语动词）On a smaller scale, European countries like Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic have also suffered serious flooding. （Unit 9）（状语改作定语，定语改作状语）Amazingly for the British, who love queues, there is no formal line-up; the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. （Unit 11）（单个的副词状语改为主句）You are permitted to try to attract attention, but there are rules about how to do this. （Unit 11）（谓语改作状语）For example, viruses are emerging more frequently than ever before. （Unit 13）（谓语改作主语，主语改作定语，状语改作谓语）These are very sophisticated processes which often take place without the body’s owner knowing anything about it... （Unit 13）（定语从句改作并列谓语）The arrangement benefits both countries. （Unit 15）（谓语改作宾语）Down one ordinary street you will come upon a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves beer. （Unit 19）（定语从句改作谓语）And there are odder things, such as the unchanged Victorian lecture room where Darwin presented his theory of evolution to the world... （Unit 19）（前置定语改作谓语）4.句式转换One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. （Unit 5）（宾语及补足语改作句子）Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. （Unit 5）（被动句改作主动句，增译主语）LS9 has already convinced one oil industry veteran of its plan... （Unit 7）（主动句改作被动句，同时注意句中单词convince的翻译。

《科技英语翻译》课程练习八答案一、翻译以下否定句1) None of the inert gases will combine with other substances to form compounds.译文：惰性气体均不会和其他物质化合成化合物。

2) No ordinary window can withstand so large a force.译文：普通的窗户均经受不了这么大的力。

3) These waves require no medium for their propagation.译文：这些波并不需要靠介质来传播。

4) Most plastics do not conduct heat or electricity readily.译文：大多数塑料不容易传热和导电。

5) This machine does not run smoothly.译文：这台机器运转不平稳。

6) We don’t control the circuit with that kind of switch.译文：我们不用那种开关控制电路。

二、翻译以下部分否定句1) All metals are not good conductors.译文：并非所有的金属都是良导体。

(部分否定)2) In a thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of fuel is not converted into heat.译文：在热电站，燃料的化学能并不都转变为热能。

(部分否定)3) Every color is not reflected back.译文：并非每种颜色都能反射回来。

(部分否定)4) Both the instruments are not precision ones．译文：这两台仪器并不都是精密的。

(否定)5) These rule will not be valid for all types of circuits．译文：这些定律并非都适用于各类电路。