All-electron Exact Exchange Treatment of Semiconductors Effect of Core-valence Interaction

CASTEP 计算理论总结XBAPRSCASTEP 特点是适合于计算周期性结构，对于非周期性结构一般要将特定的部分作为周期性结构，建立单位晶胞后方可进行计算。

CASTEP 计算步骤可以概括为三步：首先建立周期性的目标物质的晶体；其次对建立的结构进行优化，这包括体系电子能量的最小化和几何结构稳定化。

最后是计算要求的性质，如电子密度分布(Electron density distribution)，能带结构(Band structure)、状态密度分布(Densityof states)、声子能谱(Phonon spectrum)、声子状态密度分布(DOS of phonon)，轨道群分布(Orbitalpopulations)以及光学性质(Optical properties)等。

本文主要将就各个步骤中的计算原理进行阐述，并结合作者对计算实践经验，在文章最后给出了几个计算事例，以备参考。

CASTEP 计算总体上是基于DFT ，但实现运算具体理论有：离子实与价电子之间相互作用采用赝势来表示；超晶胞的周期性边界条件；平面波基组描述体系电子波函数；广泛采用快速fast Fourier transform (FFT) 对体系哈密顿量进行数值化计算；体系电子自恰能量最小化采用迭带计算的方式；采用最普遍使用的交换-相关泛函实现DFT 的计算，泛函含概了精确形式和屏蔽形式。

一， CASTEP 中周期性结构计算优点与MS 中其他计算包不同，非周期性结构在CASTEP 中不能进行计算。

将晶面或非周期性结构置于一个有限长度空间方盒中，按照周期性结构来处理，周期性空间方盒形状没有限制。

之所以采用周期性结构原因在于：依据Bloch 定理，周期性结构中每个电子波函数可以表示为一个波函数与晶体周期部分乘积的形式。

他们可以用以晶体倒易点阵矢量为波矢一系列分离平面波函数来展开。

这样每个电子波函数就是平面波和，但最主要的是可以极大简化Kohn-Sham 方程。

常用分析化学专业英语词汇absorbance 吸光度absorbent 吸附剂absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption peak 吸收峰absorptivity 吸收系数accident error 偶然误差accuracy 准确度acid-base titration 酸碱滴定acidic effective coefficient 酸效应系数acidic effective curve 酸效应曲线acidity constant 酸度常数activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数adsorption 吸附adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂affinity 亲和力aging 陈化amorphous precipitate 无定形沉淀amphiprotic solvent 两性溶剂amphoteric substance 两性物质amplification reaction 放大反应analytical balance 分析天平analytical chemistry 分析化学analytical concentration 分析浓度analytical reagent (AR) 分析试剂apparent formation constant 表观形成常数aqueous phase 水相argentimetry 银量法ashing 灰化atomic spectrum 原子光谱autoprotolysis constant 质子自递常数auxochrome group 助色团back extraction 反萃取band spectrum 带状光谱bandwidth 带宽bathochromic shift 红移blank 空白blocking of indicator 指示剂的封闭bromometry 溴量法buffer capacity 缓冲容量buffer solution 缓冲溶液burette 滴定管calconcarboxylic acid 钙指示剂calibrated curve 校准曲线calibration 校准catalyzed reaction 催化反应cerimetry 铈量法charge balance 电荷平衡chelate 螯合物chelate extraction 螯合物萃取chemical analysis 化学分析chemical factor 化学因素chemically pure 化学纯chromatography 色谱法chromophoric group 发色团coefficient of variation 变异系数color reagent 显色剂color transition point 颜色转变点colorimeter 比色计colorimetry 比色法column chromatography 柱色谱complementary color 互补色complex 络合物complexation 络合反应complexometry complexometric titration 络合滴定法complexone 氨羧络合剂concentration constant 浓度常数conditional extraction constant 条件萃取常数conditional formationcoefficient 条件形成常数conditional potential 条件电位conditional solubility product 条件溶度积confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对constant weight 恒量contamination 沾污continuous extraction 连续萃取continuous spectrum 连续光谱coprecipitation 共沉淀correction 校正correlation coefficient 相关系数crucible 坩埚crystalline precipitate 晶形沉淀cumulative constant 累积常数curdy precipitate 凝乳状沉淀degree of freedom 自由度demasking 解蔽derivative spectrum 导数光谱desiccant; drying agent 干燥剂desiccator 保干器determinate error 可测误差deuterium lamp 氘灯deviation 偏差deviation average 平均偏差dibasic acid 二元酸dichloro fluorescein 二氯荧光黄dichromate titration 重铬酸钾法dielectric constant 介电常数differential spectrophotometry 示差光度法differentiating effect 区分效应dispersion 色散dissociation constant 离解常数distillation 蒸馏distribution coefficient 分配系数distribution diagram 分布图distribution ratio 分配比double beam spectrophotometer 双光束分光光度计dual-pan balance 双盘天平dual-wavelength spectrophotometry 双波长分光光度法electronic balance 电子天平electrophoresis 电泳eluent 淋洗剂end point 终点end point error 终点误差enrichment 富集eosin 曙红equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度equimolar series method 等摩尔系列法Erelenmeyer flask 锥形瓶eriochrome black T (EBT) 铬黑Terror 误差ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) 乙二胺四乙酸evaporation dish 蒸发皿exchange capacity 交换容量extent of crosslinking 交联度extraction constant 萃取常数extraction rate 萃取率extraction spectrphotometric method 萃取光度法Fajans method 法杨斯法ferroin 邻二氮菲亚铁离子filter 漏斗filter 滤光片filter paper 滤纸filtration 过滤fluex 溶剂fluorescein 荧光黄flusion 熔融formation constant 形成常数frequency 频率frequency density 频率密度frequency distribution 频率分布gas chromatography (GC) 气相色谱grating 光栅gravimetric factor 重量因素gravimetry 重量分析guarantee reagent (GR) 保证试剂high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 高效液相色谱histogram 直方图homogeneous precipitation 均相沉淀hydrogen lamp 氢灯hypochromic shift 紫移ignition 灼烧indicator 指示剂induced reaction 诱导反应inert solvent 惰性溶剂instability constant 不稳定常数instrumental analysis 仪器分析intrinsic acidity 固有酸度intrinsic basicity 固有碱度intrinsic solubility 固有溶解度iodimetry 碘滴定法iodine-tungsten lamp 碘钨灯iodometry 滴定碘法ion association extraction 离子缔合物萃取ion chromatography (IC) 离子色谱ion exchange 离子交换ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ionic strength 离子强度isoabsorptive point 等吸收点Karl Fisher titration 卡尔•费歇尔法Kjeldahl determination 凯氏定氮法Lambert-Beer law 朗泊-比尔定律leveling effect 拉平效应ligand 配位体light source 光源line spectrum 线状光谱linear regression 线性回归liquid chromatography (LC) 液相色谱macro analysis 常量分析masking 掩蔽masking index 掩蔽指数mass balance 物料平衡matallochromic indicator 金属指示剂maximum absorption 最大吸收mean, average 平均值measured value 测量值measuring cylinder 量筒measuring pipette 吸量管median 中位数mercurimetry 汞量法mercury lamp 汞灯mesh [筛]目methyl orange (MO) 甲基橙methyl red (MR) 甲基红micro analysis 微量分析mixed constant 混合常数mixed crystal 混晶mixed indicator 混合指示剂mobile phase 流动相Mohr method 莫尔法molar absorptivity 摩尔吸收系数mole ratio method 摩尔比法molecular spectrum 分子光谱monoacid 一元酸monochromatic color 单色光monochromator 单色器neutral solvent 中性溶剂neutralization 中和non-aqueous titration 非水滴定normal distribution 正态分布occlusion 包藏organic phase 有机相ossification of indicator 指示剂的僵化outlier 离群值oven 烘箱paper chromatography(PC) 纸色谱parallel determination 平行测定path lenth 光程permanganate titration 高锰酸钾法phase ratio 相比phenolphthalein (PP) 酚酞photocell 光电池photoelectric colorimeter 光电比色计photometric titration 光度滴定法photomultiplier 光电倍增管phototube 光电管pipette 移液管polar solvent 极性溶剂polyprotic acid 多元酸population 总体postprecipitation 后沉淀precipitant 沉淀剂precipitation form 沉淀形precipitation titration 沉淀滴定法precision 精密度preconcentration 预富集predominance-area diagram 优势区域图primary standard 基准物质prism 棱镜probability 概率proton 质子proton condition 质子条件protonation 质子化protonation constant 质子化常数purity 纯度qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析quartering 四分法random error 随机误差range 全距(极差)reagent blank 试剂空白Reagent bottle 试剂瓶recording spectrophotometer 自动记录式分光光度计recovery 回收率redox indicator 氧化还原指示剂redox titration 氧化还原滴定referee analysis 仲裁分析reference level 参考水平reference material (RM) 标准物质reference solution 参比溶液relative error 相对误差resolution 分辨力rider 游码routine analysis 常规分析sample 样本,样品sampling 取样self indicator 自身指示剂semimicro analysis 半微量分析separation 分离separation factor 分离因数side reaction coefficient 副反应系数significance test 显著性检验significant figure 有效数字simultaneous determination of multiponents 多组分同时测定single beam spectrophotometer 单光束分光光度计single-pan balance 单盘天平slit 狭缝sodium diphenylamine sulfonate 二苯胺磺酸钠solubility product 溶度积solvent extraction 溶剂萃取species 型体(物种)specific extinction coefficient 比消光系数spectral analysis 光谱分析spectrophotometer 分光光度计spectrophotometry 分光光度法stability constant 稳定常数standard curve 标准曲线standard deviation 标准偏差standard potential 标准电位standard series method 标准系列法standard solution 标准溶液standardization 标定starch 淀粉stationary phase 固定相steam bath 蒸气浴stepwise stability constant 逐级稳定常数stoichiometric point 化学计量点structure analysis 结构分析supersaturation 过饱和systematic error 系统误差test solution 试液thermodynamic constant 热力学常数thin layer chromatography (TLC) 薄层色谱titrand 被滴物titrant 滴定剂titration 滴定titration constant 滴定常数titration curve 滴定曲线titration error 滴定误差titration index 滴定指数titration jump 滴定突跃titrimetry 滴定分析trace analysis 痕量分析transition interval 变色间隔transmittance 透射比tri acid 三元酸true value 真值tungsten lamp 钨灯ultratrace analysis 超痕量分析UV-VIS spectrophotometry 紫外-可见分光光度法volatilization 挥发V olhard method 福尔哈德法volumetric flask 容量瓶volumetry 容量分析Wash bottle 洗瓶washings 洗液water bath 水浴weighing bottle 称量瓶weighting form 称量形weights 砝码working curve 工作曲线xylenol orange (XO) 二甲酚橙zero level 零水平异步处理dispatch_async(dispatch_get_gl obal_queue(0, 0), ^{// 处理耗时操作的代码块... [self test1];//通知主线程刷新dispatch_async(dispatch_get_ main_queue(), ^{//回调或者说是通知主线程刷新，NSLog(............);});。

关于计算参数设置主要有几个参数需要注意1 对于Electronic 页面，需要注意的是Core treatment,对于过渡金属原子通常需要考虑相对论效应，因此一般不使用All Electron 方法。

其他几种方法任选。

Basis set 应为DNP，Setup 下的Quality 一般选fine。

为了提高计算速度，一个较好的办法是先用粗糙的Basis set 和Quality 进行优化，然后再提高精度。

2 还有一个非常重要的选项是Electronic>More>SCF 里的Use smearing。

这个关键字有助于加快收敛，但是设的多大往往会产生错误的结果，它也相当于允许的误差范围。

具体设置办法可参考help。

其他的关键字可酌情设置。

Dmol3DMol3允许您使用密度泛函理论(DFT)建模分子、固体和表面的电子结构和能量学。

这将产生非常精确的结果，同时使从头计算方法的计算成本相当低。

您可以使用DMol3研究广泛的系统，包括有机和无机分子、分子晶体、共价固体、金属固体和材料的表面。

使用DMol3，您可以预测结构、反应能量、反应势垒、热力学性质、光学和振动光谱。

DMol3使用DFT产生非常精确的结果，同时对于从头开始的方法保持相当低的计算成本。

您可以在DMol3的理论部分了解更多关于DMol3如何工作的信息。

DMol3适用于分子和三维周期固体，但不适用于一维或二维周期结构。

要为这样的系统建模，您必须构建一个周期性副本之间具有真空的3D结构。

SetupDFT-DSpin unrestricted=spin polarized自旋不受限制:当选择时，表示计算将使用不同的轨道进行不同的自旋。

这就是所谓的“自旋不受限制”或“自旋极化”计算。

如果不加检查，计算对和旋转使用相同的轨道。

这就是所谓的“自旋受限”或“非自旋极化”计算。

默认=无节制的。

Use formal spin as initial使用形式自旋作为初始值:当勾选时，表示每个原子的未配对电子数的初始值将取自为每个原子引入的形式自旋。

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['efət] n.努力，艰难的尝试egg [eg] n.蛋，鸡蛋，卵eight [eit] num.八eighteen [ei'ti:n] num.十八eighth [eitθ] num.第八eighty ['eiti] num.八十either ['aiðə] pron.(两者之中)任一ad.(与not连用)也(不) elaborate [i'læbərət, -reit] a.复杂的，精心的，详尽的v.详细说明elastic [i'læstik] n.松紧带，橡皮筋 a.有弹性的，灵活的elbow ['elbəu] n.肘，弯头，弯管elder ['eldə] a.年龄较大的，年长的n.(pl.)长者，长辈elderly ['eldəli] a.较老的，年长的；老式的，过时的elect [i'lekt] vt.选举，推选；选择election [i'lekʃən] n.选举electric [i'lektrik] a.电的，电动的electrical [i'lektrikəl] a.与电有关的，电气科学的electricity [iˌlek'trisiti] n.电electron [i'lektrɔn] n.电子electronic [iˌlek'trɔnik] a.电子的elegant ['eligənt] a.优美的，文雅的；简练的，简结的element ['elimənt] n.因素，成分，要素；元素elementary [ˌeli'mentəri] a.基础的，初级的elephant ['elifənt] n.象elevate ['eliveit] vt.提高，抬高，举起elevator ['eliveitə] n.电梯；升降机eleven [i'levən] num.十一eleventh [i'levənθ] num.第十一eliminate [i'limineit] vt.消灭，消除，排除else [els] ad.其它，另外elsewhere [ˌelsweə] ad.在别处，其他地方E-mail ['i:meil] n.电子邮件embarrass [im'bærəs] vt.使窘迫，使焦急，使困惑为难embassy ['embəsi] n.大使馆embrace [im'breis] vt.&vi.抱，拥抱emerge [i'mə:dʒ] vi.出现，涌现；(问题)冒出，(事实)暴露emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] n.紧急情况，突然事件emigrate ['emigreit] v.移居国外，移民emit [i'mit] vt.散发，发射emotion [i'məuʃən] n.情感，情绪，激情emotional [i'məuʃənəl] a.感情的，情绪的emperor ['empərə] n.皇帝emphasis ['emfəsis] n.强调，加强语气，重点emphasize ['emfəsaiz] vt.强调，着重处理empire ['empaiə] n.帝国employ[im'plɔi] vt.雇用，用，使用employee [im'plɔi-i:] n.雇员employer [im'plɔiə] n.雇佣者，雇主employment [im'plɔimənt] n.职业，工作，雇用，使用empty ['empti] a.空的，空洞的，空虚的vt.使空，倒空enable [i'neibəl] vt.使能够，使可以enclose [in'kləuz] vt.包围，围住，圈起encounter [in'kauntə] vt.&n.遭遇，遇到encourage [in'kʌridʒ] vt.鼓励，支持，助长end [end] n.末端，端，梢；目标，目的v.终止，结束ending ['endiŋ] n.结尾endless ['endlis] a.无穷尽的，极大的，无限的endure [in'djuə] vt.&vi.忍受，忍耐；持久，持续enemy ['enimi] n.敌人，仇敌，敌军energy ['enədʒi] n.力气，活力，精力；能(量)enforce [in'fɔ:s] vt.实施，执行，迫使，强制engage [in'geidʒ] vt.&vi.雇用，聘用；使订婚engagement [in'geidʒmənt] n.订婚，婚约；约定，约会engine ['endʒin] n.发动机，引擎；机车，火车头engineer [ˌendʒi'niə] n.工程师，技师engineering [ˌendʒi'niəriŋ] n.工程(学)England ['iŋglənd] n.英格兰，英国English ['iŋgliʃ] n.英语；英国人 a.英国的，英国人的enhance [in'hɑ:ns] vt.提高(价值、吸引力等)，增加；加强enjoy [in'dʒɔi] vt.享受，喜爱；享有enjoy oneself [in'd-ɔi wʌn'self] 过得快活，得到乐趣enlarge [in'lɑ:dʒ] vt.扩大；放大enormous [i'nɔ:məs] a.极大的，巨大的，庞大的enough [i'nʌf] a.充足的，足够的ad.足够地enrich [in'ritʃ] vt.使富足，使丰富enroll [in'rəul] v.登记，编入，招收ensure [in'ʃuə] vt.保证，确保enter ['entə] vt.进入；参加，加入；写入vi.进去，进来enterprise ['entəpraiz] n.企业，公司；(艰巨或带冒险性)的事业entertain [ˌentə'tein] vt.&vi.招待，款待；使高兴，使娱乐entertainment [ˌentə'teinmənt] n.接待，招待，款待；娱乐，消遣enthusiasm [in'θju:ziæzəm] n.热情，热心，热爱的活动，积极性enthusiastic [inθju:zi'æstik] a.热情的，热心的entire [in'taiə] a.全部的，整个的entitle [in'taitl] vt.给以权利，给以资格entrance ['entrəns] n.入口，大门；入场，入学，入会entry ['entri] n.进入，入场envelope ['envələup] n.信封，信皮，封皮environment [in'vaiərənmənt] n.环境，外界，四周envy ['envi] vt.&n.妒忌；羡慕episode ['episəud] n.(许多事件中的)一个事件，情节equal ['i:kwəl] a.相等的，平等的，同等的n.匹敌者equality [i'kwɔliti] n.等同，平等equation [i'kweiʃən] n.方程(式)，等式equator [i'kweitə] n.赤道equip [i'kwip] vt.装备，配备，设备equipment [i'kwipmənt] n.装备，设备，器村equivalent [i'kwivələnt] a.相等的，相当的；等量的n.相等物era ['iərə] n.时代，年代，纪元，阶段erect [i'rekt] vt.建立，建起，树立，设立；使直立，竖起error ['erə] n.错误，错处，过失escape [i'skeip] vi.逃跑；逸出vt.逃避，避免n.逃跑，逃避especially [i'speʃəli] ad.特别，尤其，格外essay [e'sei] n.文章，随笔，小品文，论文essential [i'senʃəl] a.重要的，主要的，必不可少的establish [i'stæbliʃ] vt.建立，成立，创办，设立establishment [i'stæbliʃmənt] n.建立，设立，确立；建立的机构(或组织) estate [i'steit] n.所有地，地产，庄园；住宅区；财产，资产estimate ['estimət, 'estimeit] vt.&vi.估计，估价，评价n.估计，估价etc. [et'setərə] =et cetera [缩]等等Europe ['juərəp] n.欧洲European [juərə'pi:ən] a.欧洲的，发生在欧洲的n.欧洲人evaluate [i'væljueit] vt.评价，估价evaporate [i'væpəreit] v.(使)蒸发，(使)挥发eve [i:v] n.前夜，前夕even ['i:vən] ad.甚至，连(...都) a.均匀的；平的evening ['i:vniŋ] n.傍晚，晚上event [i'vent] n.事件，大事；比赛项目eventually [i'ventʃuəli] ad.终于，终究，最后ever ['evə] ad.在任何时候every ['evri] a.每，每个，每隔…的everybody ['evribɔdi] pron.每人，人人，各人everyday ['evridei] a.每天的，日常的everyone ['evriwʌn] pron.每人，人人，各人everything ['evriθiŋ] pron.每件事，一切everywhere ['evriweə] ad.到处，无论何处evidence ['evidəns] n.根据，证据，物证evident ['evidənt] a.明显的，显然的，明白的evidently ['evidəntli] adv.显然地evil ['i:vəl] a.邪恶的，不良的，坏的n.邪恶，罪恶evolution [ˌi:və'lu:ʃən] n.进化，演化；发展，演变evolve [i'vɔlv] vt.(使)进化，(使)演化，(使)发展exact [ig'zækt] a.精确，确切的，正确的exactly [ig'zæktli] ad.确切地，精确地，恰好exaggerate [ig'zædʒəreit] v.夸大，夸张examination [igˌzæmi'neiʃən] n.考试；检查examine [ig'zæmin] vt.检查，仔细观察；对...进行考查example [ig'zɑ:mpəl] n.例，实例；范例，榜样exceed [ik'si:d] vt.超过，超越，胜过exceedingly [ik'si:diŋli] ad.极端地，非常excel [ik'sel] v.胜过，优于excellent ['eksələnt] a.优秀的，杰出的except [ik'sept] prep.除…外exception [ik'sepʃən] n.例外情况excess ['ekses] n.超越，超过；过量，过剩 a.过量的excessive [ik'sesiv] a.过多的，过分的，过度的exchange [iks'tʃeindʒ] vt.交换，互换，兑换n.交换，交流，交易所excite [ik'sait] vt.使激动，使兴奋；引起，激起excitement [ik'saitmənt] n.激动，兴奋exciting [ik'saitiŋ] a.令人兴奋的，令人激动的exclaim [ik'skleim] vt.&vi.惊叫，喊叫，高声说exclude [ik'sklu:d] vt.把…排除在外，排斥exclusive [ik'sklu:siv] a.(店铺、旅馆)高级的；独家享有的；排他的exclusively [ik'sklu:sivli] a d.专门地，排除其他地excursion [ik'skə:ʃən] n.远足，短途旅行，(集体)游览excuse [ik'skju:z] vt.原谅，宽恕；免除n.借口，理由execute ['eksikju:t] vt.执行，实行，实现，实施；处死，处决executive [ig'zekjutiv] a.执行的，实施的exercise ['eksəsaiz] n.锻炼，训练；练习，习题vi.锻炼vt.锻炼exert [ig'zə:t] vt.尽(力)；运用，施加exhaust [ig'zɔ:st] vt.使衰竭，使筋疲力尽；用尽，耗尽，用完exhibit [ig'zibit] vt.&vi.展出，显出，陈列n.展品，展览exhibition [eksi'biʃ(ə)n] n.展览(会)exist [ig'zist] vi.在，存在existence [ig'zistəns] n.存在，一生，生存exit ['eksit] n.出口，太平门；退场，退出vi.退出，离开expand [ik'spænd] vt.&vi.扩大，膨胀，胀大，扩张expansion [ik'spænʃən] n.扩大，扩充；扩张，膨胀expect [ik'spekt] vt.预料，等待，期待expectation [ˌekspek'teiʃən] n.期待，期望，预期expense [ik'spens] n.花费，费用，代价，开销expensive [ik'spensiv] a.昂贵的，费用大的，高价的experience [ik'spiəriəns] n.经验，感受，体验；经历vt.经历，体验experiment [ik'sperimənt] n.实验；试验vi.(on,with)进行试验experimental [ikˌsperi'mentl] a.实验(性)的，试验(性)的expert ['ekspə:t] n.专家，能手 a.熟练的，内行的explain [ik'splein] vt.解释，说明explanation [ˌeksplə'neiʃən] n.解释，说明，辩解explode [ik'spləud] vt.&vi.爆炸，爆发，破裂exploit ['eksplɔit] vt.剥削；利用；开拓，开发，开采exploration [ˌeksplɔ:'reiʃən] n.探险，勘探，探索explore [ik'splɔ:] vt.探险，探索，考察explosion [ik'spləuʒən] n.爆炸，爆发，发作explosive [ik'spləusiv] n.炸药，爆炸物 a.爆炸(性)的export [ik'spɔ:t] vt.&vi.输出(货物)，出口n.出口，输出expose [ik'spəuz] vt.暴露，揭露，揭示exposure [ik'spəuʒə] n.暴露；揭露；曝光express [ik'spres] vt.表达，表示n.快车，快递expression [ik'spreʃən] n.词句，措辞；表达，表示，表现；表情extend [ik'stend] vt.&vi.伸出，延伸，继续，扩大；给予，给extension [ik'stenʃən] n.延长部分，扩大部分；伸展，扩大，延长extensive [ik'stensiv] a.广阔的，广泛的，广博的extent [ik'stent] n.范围，区域，程度exterior [ik'stiəriə] a.外部的，外表的n.外部，外表external [ik'stə:nəl] a.外部的，外面的extra ['ekstrə] a.额外的，特别的，另加的extraordinary [ik'strɔ:dinəri] a.特别的，非凡的，突出的，非常的，奇特的extreme [ik'stri:m] a.极端的，极其，极度的；在尽头的，最远的extremely [ik'stri:mli] ad.极端地，非常eye [ai] n.眼睛；眼力，鉴赏力vt.看，注视eyesight ['aisait] n.视力each other ['i:tʃ'ʌðə] 彼此，互相。

From《燃料电池原理技术应用》AC impedance spectroscopy 交流阻抗谱Acid electrolyte 酸性电解质Activation polarization/activation overvoltage 活化极化/活化过电位AFC（alkaline fuel cell）碱性燃料电池Alkaline electrolyte 碱性电解质Alloy interconnect 合金双极板Anifold 共用管道Anode 阳极Anode creep 阳极蠕变Anode fabrication 阳极制备Anode process 阳极过程Asbestos membrane 石棉膜Auxiliary system 辅助系统Bipolar plate 双极板Calendering 压延Catalyst layer 催化层Catalyst loading 催化剂担载量Catalyst-coated membrane 催化剂涂覆膜Cathode dissolution 阴极溶解Cathode fabrication 阴极制备Cathode process 阴极过程Cathode 阴极（CVD）chemical vapor deposition 化学气相沉积CO poisoning 一氧化碳毒化CO tolerance catalyst 抗一氧化碳毒化Cofiring 共烧Composite bipolar plate 复合双极板Composite electrode 复合电极Composite membrane 复合膜Concentration polarization/concentration overvoltage 浓差极化/浓差过电位Counterflow 逆流CO2-diffusion 二氧化碳扩散Crossflow 错流Current density 电流密度Cycle voltammerty 循环伏安Defect 缺陷DMFC（direct methanol fuel cell）直接甲醇燃料电池Dopant 掺杂剂Dow membranes Dow 膜Dynamic simulation 动态模拟Dynamic water removal 动态排水Electrocatalysis 电催化Electrocatalyst 电催化剂Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原（EVD）electrochemical vapor deposition 电化学气相沉积Electrode 电极Electrolytes-membrane 电解质膜Electronic conductivity 电子电导率Electrosmotic drag coefficient 电拖动系数Empirical equation 经验方程（EW）equivalent weight 当量重量Exchange current density 交换电流密度External manifold 外公用管道Faradaic efficiency 法拉第效率Faraday law 法拉第定律FCV（fuel cell vehicles）燃料电池电气车Firing shrinkage 烧结收缩率Flat-plate design 平板型Flooding/flooded 水淹Flow distribution 流场分布Flow field 流场Fluoride sulphonate membrane 全氟磺酸膜Fluoride-type oxide 萤石型氧化物Fuel cell efficiency 燃料电池效率Fuel cell engine 燃料电池发动机Fuel cell system 燃料电池系统Fuel cell 燃料电池Fuel/air utilization 燃料空气利用率Gas diffusion electrode 气体扩散电极Gas diffusion layer 气体扩散层Heat management 热管理HHV（higherheating value）高热值Humidifier 增湿器Hydrophilic electrode 亲水电极Hydrophobic electrode 憎水电极Interdigitated flow field plate 指数流场Interlayer 夹层（中间层）Internal manifold 内公用管道Ionic conductivity 离子电导率LHV（low heating value）低热值Liquid feed 液相进料Lithium aluminate matrix 偏铝酸锂隔膜Matrix sintering 隔膜烧结Matrix 隔膜MCFC（molten carbonate fuel cell）熔融碳酸盐燃料电池MEA（membrane-electrode-assembly）膜电极“三合一”组件Membrane degradation 膜降解Mesh type flow field plate 网状流场Metal bipolar plate or metallic interconnect （SOFC）金属双极板Methanol anode polarization 甲烷阳极极化Methanol crossover 或methanol permeation 甲醇渗透Methanol diffusion 甲醇扩散Methanol tolerant electro-catalyst 抗甲醇电催化剂Micro fuel cell 微型燃料电池Mixed potention 混合电位Module 电池堆或电池模块Molding bipolar plate 模铸双极板Molten carbonate 熔融碳酸盐Nafion membrane Nafion膜Nickel sintering （coursing）镍烧结（粗化）Noble metal loading 贵金属担载量Nonfluorinated-membrane 非氟膜Nonstoichiometric defect 非化学计量缺陷Ohmic loss 欧姆损失Ohmic polarization ohmic resistance 欧姆极化欧姆电阻Open circuit voltage 开路电压Oxygen dificiency 氧缺陷Oxygen-ion transference number 氧离子迁移数PAFC（phosphoric acid fuel cell）磷酸燃料电池PEMFC（proton exchange membrane fuel cell）质子交换膜燃料电池Perovskite-type oxide 钙钛矿型氧化物Phase transformation 相转变Pin type flow field plate 针型场板Porosity 孔隙率Porous flow field plate with grooves 带沟槽的多孔材料流场板Powder synthesis 粉体合成Pyrex glass 派热克斯玻璃Reaction stoichiometric factor 反应计量因子Reformate 重整气Reformer 重整器RFC（regeneration fuel cell）再生燃料电池Screen printing 丝网印刷Self-humidification 自增湿Serpentine type flow field plate 蛇型流场Single cell 单电池Sinterability 烧结性能SOFC（solid oxide fuel cell）固体氧化物燃料电池Specific energy density 比能量密度Specific power density 比功率密度Mass activity 比质量活性Stack 电池组Static simulation 静态模拟Static water removal 静态排水Steam reforming 蒸汽重整Swell graphite bipolar plate 膨胀石墨双极板Lape casting 带铸法Thermal expansion 热膨胀Thermodynamics efficiency 热力学效率Three phase interface 三相界面Two-phase flow 两相流Vapor feed 气相进料Voltage efficiency 电压效率Water management 水管理Wet seal 湿封装YSZ Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 三氧化二钇稳定的氧化锆。

化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(D-I)2- -dual gravity valve 双比重阀duboisine 天仙子胺ductility 延性ductilometer 拉伸度仪dulcin 对乙氧基苯脲dulcitol 卫矛醇dull finish 消光dull surface 无光面dulong petit's law 杜珀二氏定律duma's method 杜马斯法duplet 电子偶duplex printing 双面复合印花durability 耐久性duralumin 硬铝durene 杜烯duriron 杜里龙高硅钢durometer 硬度计durometer hardness 硬度计硬度dust chamber 除尘器dust coal 粉煤dust collector 除尘器dust powder 木炭粉dust sampler 粉尘采样器dust separator 除尘分离器dye 染料dye laser 染料激光器dyeing 染色dyeing assistant 染色辅助剂dyeing equilibrium 染色平衡dyeing power 染色力dyeing speed 上染速度dyestuff 染料dyestuff chemistry 染料化学dynameter 倍率计dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic isomerism 动态异构性dynamic modulus 动态模量dynamic pressure 动压dynamic viscosity 动态粘度dynamics 动力学dynamite 达纳炸药dypnone 缩二苯乙酮dysprosium 镝dysprosium bromide 溴化镝dysprosium carbonate 碳酸镝dysprosium chloride 氯化镝dysprosium hydroxide 氢氧化镝dysprosium nitrate 硝酸镝dysprosium oxide 氧化镝dysprosium oxychloride 氯氧化镝dysprosium phosphate 磷酸镝dysprosium sulfate 硫酸镝dystectic mixture 高熔混合物dystectic point 高熔点e bond e 键early strength cement 早强水泥earth acids 土酸类earth color 矿物颜料earth metals 土金属earth wax 木炭earthenware 陶器earthy humus 土状腐殖质ebonite 硬橡胶ebulliometer 酒精沸点计;沸点测定器ebullioscopic constant 沸点升高常数ebullioscopic method 沸点升高法ebullition 沸腾ecdysone 蜕化素ecgonine 芽子碱echelon grating 梯式格子eclipsing effect 重叠效应economizer 省煤器eddy 涡流eddy conductivity 涡寥导性eddy current 涡电流eddy viscosity 涡脸度edeleanu process 爱德林精炼法edestin 麻仁球蛋白edge runner 轮碾机edible fat 食用脂edible oil 食用油edison storage battery 爱迪生蓄电池editcoal gas 煤气editcyclotron 回旋加速器editmetallized carbon filament 金属化碳丝editmethacrylate resin 甲基丙烯酸尸editnitroglycerin 硝化甘油editpaint film 漆膜editpotassium cyanide 氰化钾editpour point 晶出点editsteric hindrance 立体阻碍editthixotropic gel 触变胶体edittrialkyl chlorosilane 三烷基氯硅烷editwater purification unit 净水设备edman degradation technique 埃德曼降解技术effect of extension 延伸效应effective angle 有效角effective area 有效面积effective collision number 有效碰撞数effective half life 有效半衰期effective head 有效扬程effective permeability 有效渗透率effective power 有效功率effective quantum number 有效量子数effective resistance 有效抵抗effective thermal conductivity 有效热传导率effective value 有效值effervescence 发泡efficiency 效率efficiency of dust collection 除尘效率efficiency of rectification tower 精馏塔效率efflorescence 风化effluent 瘤物efflux velocity 瘤速度efflux viscometer 瘤式粘度计effusiometer 打散计effusion 喷出effusive rock 喷出岩egg albumin 卵清蛋白egg white 蛋白egg yolk 蛋黄ehrlich's reagent 欧利布试剂eicosane 廿烷eicosanoic acid 花生酸eigen energy 本哲eigenfunction 本寨数eigenvalue 本盏eikonogen 显影剂einstein bohr equation 爱因斯坦玻尔方程einstein condensation 爱因斯坦凝聚einstein diffusion equation 爱因斯坦扩散方程einstein photochemical equivalenct law 爱因斯坦光化当量定律einstein photoelectric law 爱因斯坦光电定律einstein planck law 爱因斯坦普朗克定律einstein's equation for specific heat 爱因斯坦比热方程einstein's viscosity equation 爱因斯坦粘度方程式einsteinium 锿ejector 喷射器ejector condenser 喷射式冷凝器eka cesium 类铯eka element 待寻元素eka iodine 类碘eka tantalum 类钽elaeolite 脂光石elaeometer 油脂比重计elaeosacchara 油糖剂elaidic acid 反油酸elaidin 反油酸精elaidin test 反油酸检验elaidinization 反油酸转位elastase 弹性蛋白酶elastic aftereffect 弹性后效elastic body 弹性体elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic constant 弹性常数elastic deformation 弹性变形elastic force 弹性力elastic gum 弹性胶elastic hysteresis 弹性滞后elastic limit 弹性极限elastic medium 弹性介质elastic modulus 弹性系数elastic recovery 弹性复原elastic rubber 弹性胶elasticity 弹性elastin 弹性硬朊elastomer 弹性体elastometer 弹性计elastoviscometer 弹性粘度计elastoviscometry 弹性粘度测量法elaterometer 气体密度计elatrometry 气体密度测量法elbs reaction 埃尔布斯反应electret 驻极体electric analysis 电分析法electric arc furnace 电弧炉electric calorimeter 电热量计electric charge 电荷electric conductivity 导电率electric conductor 导体electric current 电流electric desalting 电脱盐electric detonator 电爆管electric discharge 放电electric double layer 双电层electric drying apparatus 电干燥机electric dust precipitator 电集尘器electric energy 电能electric field 电场electric furnace 电炉electric heater 电热器electric heating 电热electric insulation 电绝缘electric potential 电位electric power 电力electric precipitation 电力沉淀electric resistance 电阻electric resistance furnace 电阻炉electric resistance manometer 电阻压力计electric resistance thermometer 电阻温度计electric susceptibility 电极化率electric thermostat 电热恒温器electric welding 电焊electrical carbonization 电法炼焦electrical dispersion 电分散法electrical property 电性质electroactive substance 电活性物质electroanalysis 电分析electrocapillarity 电毛细现象electrocapillary curve 电毛细管曲线electrocast brick 电熔耐火砖electrocasted refractories 电炉熔铸耐火物electrocasting 电铸electrocatalysis 电催化酌electroceramics 电陶瓷electrochemical cell 蓄电池electrochemical corrosion 电化学腐蚀electrochemical equivalent 电化当量electrochemical industry 电化工业electrochemical passivation 电化钝化electrochemical polarization 电化极化electrochemical process 电化法electrochemical protection 电化学防腐法electrochemical reaction 电化学反应electrochemical series 电化序electrochemistry 电化学electrochromatography 电气色层法electrocoagulation 电凝聚electroconductive glass 电导玻璃electrocyclic reaction 电环化反应electrode 电极electrode potential 电极势electrode process 电极过程electrode reaction 电极反应electrodecantation 电倾析electrodeposition 电极沉积electrodeposition analysis 电沉积分析electrodialysis 电渗析electroexplosive 电起爆炸药electrofocusing 等电点聚焦electroforming 电铸electrogeochemistry 电地球化学electrogravimetric analysis 电重量分析electrohydrometry 电液体比重测量法electrokinetic phenomena 界面电动学现象electrokinetic potential 界面动电势electroluminescence 电致发光electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electrolytic aluminium 电解铝electrolytic analysis 电解分析electrolytic analysis apparatus 电解分析装置electrolytic bath 电解槽electrolytic bleaching 电解漂白electrolytic cell 电解槽electrolytic cleaning 电解清洗electrolytic condenser 电解质电容器electrolytic copper 电解铜electrolytic degreasing 电解去油electrolytic dissociation 电离electrolytic dissociation constant 电离常数electrolytic extraction 电解萃取electrolytic hardening 电解硬化electrolytic oxidation 电解氧化electrolytic polarization 电解极化electrolytic polishing 电解研磨electrolytic rectifier 电解整流electrolytic reduction 电解还原electrolytic refining 电解精炼electrolytic solution 电解溶液electrolytical surface treatment 电表面处理electrolytics 电解学electromagnet 电磁铁electromagnetic field 电磁场electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁量计electromagnetic gas analyzer 电磁气分析计electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic oscillograph 电磁式示波器electromagnetic separation 电磁分离electromagnetic separator 电磁分离器electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromerism 电子异构electrometallurgy 电冶金学electrometer 电位计electrometer tube 电表管electrometric titration 电滴定electromigration 电迁移法electromotive force 电动势electron 电子electron affinity 电子亲合势electron beam 电子束electron capture 电子俘获electron cloud 电子云electron configuration 电子构型electron density 电子密度electron diffraction 电子衍射electron donor 电子供体electron emission 电子发射electron exchange 电子交换electron exchange resin 电子交换尸electron gas 电子气electron lattice interaction 电子点阵相互酌electron microscope 电子显微镜electron orbit 电子轨道electron oxidation reduction resin 电子交换尸electron pair 电子对electron pair bond 电子对键electron probe microanalysis 电子探针微量分析electron rays 电子束electron redox resin 电子交换尸electron shell 电子壳electron spectroscopy 电子能谱术electron transfer reaction 电子转移反应electron transport 电子转移electron transport system 电子传递体系electron tube 电子管electron volt 电子伏特electronegative element 阴电性元素electronegativity 电负度electronic charge 电子电荷electronic computer 电子计算机electronic conduction 电子传导electronic friction 电子摩擦electronic galvanometer 电子管检疗electronic oscillator 电子振荡器electronic polarization 电子极化electronic self balancing type recorder 电子自动平衡记录器electronic structure of molecule 分子的电子结构electronic tube glass 真空管玻璃electronic voltmeter 电子伏特计electronics 电子学electroosmosis 电渗透electrophilic agent 亲电子试剂electrophilic reaction 亲电子反应electrophilic rearrangement 亲电子换位electrophoresis 电泳electrophoresis apparatus 电泳器electrophoretic effect 电泳效应electrophotography 电照相术electroplating 电镀electropositive element 阳电性元素electropositive potential 阳电势electroscope 验电器electrosol 电溶胶electrostatic field 静电场electrostatic induction 静电感应electrostatic potential 静电势electrostatic separator 静电选矿机electrostatic valence rule 静电价规则electrostenolysis 细孔隔膜电解electrotechnical porcelain 电瓷electrothermic industry 电热工业electrothermics 电热学electrovalence 离子价electrowinning 电解沉积element 元素elementary analysis 元素分析elementary charge 电子电荷elementary particle 基本粒子elementary reaction 基本反应elemi 榄香脂eleolite 霞石eleolite syenite 霞石正长岩eleostearic acid 桐酸elevation of boiling point 沸点升高elgin extractor 埃尔金萃取器elimination reaction 消除反应ellagic acid 花烯ellipsometry 椭圆光度法elongation percentage 伸长率eluate 洗出液eluent 洗脱液elution 洗提elution analysis 淘析分析elution constant 淋洗常数elution curve 淘析曲线elutriation 淘析elutriator 淘析器emagram 埃玛图eman 埃曼emanation 射气emerald 纯绿宝石emerald green 巴黎绿emery 金刚砂emery cloth 研磨砂布emery paper 砂纸emery wheel 金刚砂轮emetine 依米丁emetine hydrochloride 盐酸依米丁emission flame photometry 发射火焰光度法emission spectroanalysis 发射光谱分析emission spectrochemical analysis 发射光谱分析emission spectrum 放射光谱emission standard 排出标准emissivity 放射率empire cloth 绝缘丝布empirical formula 实验式empirical rule 经验定则emulgator 乳化剂emulsification 乳化emulsification test 乳化试验emulsifier 乳化剂emulsifying agent 乳化剂emulsin 苦杏仁酶emulsion 乳浊液emulsion breaking 反乳化emulsion cleaner 乳状洗涤剂emulsion paint 乳胶状漆emulsion polymerization 乳浊聚合emulsoid 乳胶体enamel 搪瓷enamel paint 瓷漆enamel paper 加工印刷纸enameled paper 蜡图纸enameling furnace 搪瓷窑enamine 烯胺enanthaldehyde 庚醛enanthic acid 庚酸enantiomorphic crystal 对映晶体enantiomorphous 对映的enantiomorphy 对映现象enantiotropy 互变现象enargite 硫砷铜矿end absorption 末端吸收end cell 端电池end group 末端基end group measurement 端基测定end point 终点end point correction 终点修正end point error 终点误差end product 最终产品endless belt 环状带endo 桥endo enzyme 内酵素endo form 春孢型endocyclic double bond 桥环双键endonuclease 核酸内切酶endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosmosis 内渗endosulfan 板硫烷endothermic 吸热的endothermic compound 吸热化合物endothermic reaction 吸热反应endoxan 安道生endrin 异狄氏剂energy 能energy band 能带energy gap 能隙energy ionization 电离能energy level 能级energy metabolism 能量代谢energy momentum tensor 能量动量张量energy quantum 能量子enfleurage 花香的提取engine distillate 发动泼轻油engine oil 机油engineering 工程engineering unit 工程单位engler distillation 断蒸馏engler distillation test 断蒸馏试验engler flask 断长颈馏瓶engler viscometer 断粘度计enol 烯醇enol form 烯醇式enol keto tautomerism 烯醇酮互变异构现象enolase 烯醇酶enolate anion 烯醇阴离子enolization 烯醇化enriched uranium 浓缩铀enriched water gas 富水煤气enriching column 富集柱enthalpimetric analysis 热焓分析enthalpy 焓entner doudoroff pathway 抖攀咸墙馔揪恩entrainment 雾沫夹带entropy 熵entropy elasticity 熵弹性envelope 包晶environmental capacity 环境容量environmental science 环境科学environmental standard 环境标准enzyme 酶enzyme chemistry 酵素化学enzyme inhibition 酶抑制enzyme repression 酶阻遏enzyme unit 酶单位enzymology 酶学eosin 伊经eosine 曙红钠ep lubricant ep 润滑剂ephedrine 麻黄碱epiandrosterone 表雄甾酮epichlorohydrin 表氯醇epichlorohydrine 氯甲代氧丙环epimer 差向异构体epimerase 表异构酶epimerization 差向异构酌epinephrine 肾上腺素epitaxy 取向生长epoxidation 环氧化epoxide 环氧化物epoxy compound 环氧化合物epoxy group 环氧基epoxy resin 环氧尸epoxy resin varnish 环氧尸清漆epsom salt 淘利盐epsomite 淘利盐equalizing line 均衡管equation of state 状态方程equatorial bond 平伏键equiatomic 等原子的equidensity technique 等密度法equilibrium 平衡equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium moisture content 平衡湿量equilibrium ratio 平衡比equilibrium solubility 平衡溶解度equilibrium state 平衡状态equimolecular mixture 等分子混合物equipartition 均分equipment 装置equipotential surface 等势面equivalence 等价equivalence point 当量点equivalent 当量equivalent concentration 规定浓度equivalent conductivity 当量电导equivalent nuclei 等效核equiviscous temperature 等粘温度erbium 铒erbium chloride 氯化铒erbium hydroxide 氢氧化铒erbium nitrate 硝酸铒erbium oxalate 草酸铒erbium oxide 氧化铒erbium sulfate 硫酸铒erbon 抑草蓬erepsin 肠肽酶ereptase 肠蛋白酶ergobasine 麦角巴生ergocalciferol 麦角钙化甾醇ergocornine 麦角柯宁碱ergocristine 麦角日亭ergocryptine 麦角环肽ergodic hypothesis 遍历假设ergometrine 麦角新碱ergosine 麦角僧ergosterol 麦角甾醇ergotamine 麦角胺ergotinine 麦角亭宁ergotoxine 麦角毒eriochrome black t 羊毛铬黑t eriodictyol 毛纲草酚erlenmeyer flask 锥瓶erlenmeyer synthesis 厄伦美厄合成erosion 腐蚀erosiveness 侵蚀性error 误差error of sampling 取样误差erucic acid 瓢儿菜油酸erucic amide 芥酸胺erucyl alcohol 瓢儿菜醇erythrene 刺桐烯erythrite 钴华erythritol 赤藓醇erythrocruorin 无脊椎动物血红蛋白erythrocyte 红血球erythrodextrin 红糊精erythroidine 刺桐定erythrose 赤藓糖erythrosine 赤藓红erythrulose 赤藓酮糖escaping tendency 逃逸瞧eschka mixture 埃斯卡混合融剂esculin 七叶灵eserine 毒扁豆碱esparto wax 梧牙草蜡essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸essential oil 精油ester 酯ester gum 酯屎ester interchange 相互酯化ester of fatty acid 脂肪酸酯ester value 酯化值esterase 酯酶esterification 酯化estersil 硅酯estradiol 雌二醇estragole 草蒿脑estragon oil 龙蒿油estrane 雌烷estriol 雌三醇estrone 雌素酮etard reaction 埃塔反应etch pit 腐蚀斑etching 腐蚀etching figure 蚀像etching ground 腐蚀涂料etching ink 腐蚀墨水ethanal 乙醛ethane 乙烷ethanedioic acid 草酸ethanethiol 乙硫醇ethanol 乙醇ethanolamine 乙醇胺ethene 乙烯ethenol 乙烯醇ethephon 乙烯利ether 醚ether extract 乙醚抽出物etherification 醚化ethion 乙硫磷ethionamide 乙硫磷酰胺ethionine 乙硫氨酸ethisterone 妊娠素ethohexadiol 乙基己二醇ethoxide 乙醇盐ethoxybenzene 乙氧基苯ethoxylation 乙氧基化ethyl abietate 松香酸乙酯ethyl acetate 乙酸乙酯ethyl alcohol 乙醇ethyl benzoate 苯酸乙酯ethyl butyrate 丁酸乙酯ethyl caprate 癸酸乙酯ethyl carbonate 碳酸乙酯ethyl cellulose 乙基纤维素ethyl chloride 氯乙烷ethyl cyanide 乙基氰ethyl ether 乙醚ethyl formate 甲酸乙酯ethyl group 乙基ethyl iodide 碘乙烷ethyl isobutyrate 异丁酸乙酯ethyl isocyanate 异氰酸乙酯ethyl lactate 乳酸乙酯ethyl laurate 十二酸乙酯ethyl malonate 乙基丙二酸酯ethyl methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸乙酯ethyl nitrate 硝酸乙酯ethyl oleate 油酸乙酯ethyl oxide 氧化乙烷ethyl phenyl ketone 苯丙酮ethyl salicylate 水杨酸乙酯ethyl sulfoxide 乙基亚砜ethyl thioether 乙硫醚ethylacetylene 乙基乙炔ethylamine 乙胺ethylate 乙醇盐ethylation 乙基化ethylbenzene 苯乙烷ethylcyclohexane 乙基环己烷ethylene 乙烯ethylene chloride 氯化乙烯ethylene chlorohydrin 2 氯乙醇ethylene cyanohydrin 乙撑氰醇ethylene glycol 乙撑亚胺ethylene lactic acid 羟丙酸ethylene oxide 氧丙环ethylene union 烯键ethylenediamine 乙二胺ethylenic linkage 烯键ethylidene chloride 乙叉二氯ethylidene lactic acid 乙叉式乳酸ethylmercaptan 乙硫醇ethylsulfuric acid 乙基硫酸ethyne 乙炔eucaine 优卡因eucalyptol 桉试eucolloid 真胶体eucryptite 锂霞石eudiometer 量气管eudiometry 气体测定法eugenol 丁子香酚euglobulin 优球蛋白euler number 欧拉数eupaverine 优帕非林europium 铕europium carbonate 碳酸铕europium chloride 三氯化铕europium hydroxide 氢氧化铕europium nitrate 硝酸铕europium oxide 氧化铕eutectic 共晶eutectic alloy 低共熔合金eutectic mixture 共晶混合物eutectic point 共融点eutectic temperature 共融温度evacuation 排空evaporating dish 蒸发皿evaporation 蒸发evaporation losses 蒸发损失evaporation residue 蒸发残渣evaporation to dryness 蒸干evaporator 蒸发器evt 等粘温度exact differential 恰当微分exaltation 超加折射exaltone 环十五烷酮excess air 过量空气excessive pressure 超压exchange adsorption 交换吸附exchange current 互换流exchange energy 交换能量exchange equilibrium constant 交换平衡常数exchange force 交换力exchange group 交换基exchange integral 交换积分exchange interaction 交换相互酌exchange reaction 交换反应excimer 受澈二聚物exciplex 激态络合物excitation 激励excitation potential 激励电位excitation purity 激发纯度excited state 激励状态exciton 激子excluded volume effect 已占体积效应exfoliation 剥落exhaust fan 排风机exhaust gas 废气exhaust steam 废蒸气exhauster 排风机exhaustion point 消耗点exocyclic double bond 环外双键exon 外显子exonuclease 核酸外切酶exopeptidase 外肽酶exosmosis 外渗exotherm 放热曲线exothermic 产热的exothermic compound 放热化合物exothermic reaction 放热反应exotic atom 异原子exotic fuels 高热值燃料expanded clay 膨胀粘土expanded plastics 泡沫塑料expander 膨胀器expansion 膨胀expansion coefficient 膨胀系数expansion ratio 膨胀比expansion system 膨胀系expansive cement 膨胀水泥expansivity 膨胀系数expectation value 期待值experiment 实验experimental chemistry 实验化学experimental error 实验误差experimental fact 实验事实explosion limits 爆炸极限explosion pipet 爆炸球管explosion wave 爆炸波explosive chain reaction 爆炸链锁反应explosive compound 爆炸化合物explosive mixture 爆炸混合物explosive oxidizer 炸药的氧化剂explosive spark 爆炸火花explosive substance 爆炸物exposure meter 露光计exposure time 曝光时间extender 增量剂extender pigment 体质颜料extensibility 伸长性extension 延伸extension modulus 伸长模量extension ratio 伸长比extensive property 外延性质extensive variable 外延变量external corrosion 外部腐蚀external indicator 外指示剂external waviness 表面波纹external work 外功extinction coefficient 吸光系数extract 萃取物extract liquor 萃取液extractability 萃取率extractant 提取剂extracting reagent 提取剂extraction 萃取extraction battery 萃取崎extraction method 抽出法extraction photometric method 提取光度法extraction rate 提取速度extraction system 抽提系统extractive crystallization 抽提结晶extractive distillation 提取蒸馏extractor 萃取器extraordinary ray 非常光线extrapolation 外插法extreme environment 极限环境extreme pressure lublicating oil 极压润滑油extreme value 极值extremum 极值extruded article 压出制品extruder 挤出机extrusion 挤压压出extrusion molding 挤压成形exudation 渗出eyepiece 目镜f acid f 酸f distribution f 分布fabric 织物fabric filler 织物填料fabrication 制造face centered cubic lattice 面心立方晶格facet 面factice 油膏factor 因数factorial design 因子设计factorial development 系数显影法factory test 工厂试验facultative anaerobe 嫌气性细菌fadeometer 褪色计fahrenheit scale 华氏温标fall velocity 沉降速度falling ball viscometer 落球粘度计falling drop method 落滴法falling rate drying 降速率干燥false setting 异常凝固fan 风扇fan belt 风扇皮带farad 法拉faraday constant 法拉第常数faraday effect 法拉第效应faraday's law of electrolysis 法拉第电解定律farinometer 面粉谷胶测定器farnesol 法呢醇fashioning 成形fast color 不褪色颜色fast powder 高速炸药fastness 坚牢度fastness test 坚牢度试验fastness to rubbing 耐摩擦坚牢度fastness to water 耐水性fat 脂肪fat and oil 油脂。

AAbrasion resistance 手感Abrasion resistance耐磨性Abrasion磨损Acetic 醋酸Acid dyes酸性染料Acidic group酸性基团Acidic medium酸性介质Acidic treatment 酸处理Acid酸Acrylics聚丙烯腈纤维Acrylic腈纶Active solid 含固量Adhesion 粘附Adhesive粘着剂Adjacent unit 相临单元Aerobic 有氧的Affinity亲和力Affinity亲和力Aftertreatments后处理Agent试剂Aggregate 聚集Agitation 搅拌Agitation 搅拌Aldehyde 醛Alginates 海藻酸盐align调整Alkaline hydrolysis 碱性水解Alkaline treatment 碱处理Alkene烯烃Ammonium 铵Amorphous region 无定型形的Amorphous 无定形Amphipathic 两亲性的Amphoteric 两性的amphoteric两性的Amylase 直链淀粉分子Amylases 淀粉酶Amylopectin支链淀粉分子Anaerobic 无氧Anionic 阴离子性的anthraquinore dyes蒽醌染料Antichlor脱氯Antimigrant 防泳移剂Appearance外观Aqueous medium 液体介质Aromatic芳香族Aryl carbonium dyes芳基甲烷染料Ash灰分Atmospheric contaminants烟气沾污Autoclave高压釜Auxiliary chemicals 化学助剂Auxiliary chemical化学助剂Axially aligned 轴向排列Azoic dyes不溶性偶氮染料BBackbone主链Baffles挡板Barre条痕Base color底色Base 碱Bases色基Basic dyes碱性染料Basic group碱性基团Batch process冷堆工艺Batch 间歇式Batch间歇式Beads 球珠Benzene ring 苯环Benzene 苯Benzodifuranone dyes苯并呋喃染料Bexturized yarn变形纱Binder粘结剂Bleaching 漂白Bleaching漂白Bonded键Boric 硼酸Bronzing铜翳Buffered 缓冲Buider 助洗剂By-product副产物CC.I. 染料索引Calcium钙Capacity 容量Capillaries毛细管效应Carbonic 碳酸Carbonyl羰基Carboxylic acid salt 羧酸盐Carboxyl羧基Carried to达到Carrier-dyed 载体染色Cascades水洗槽Catalysis 催化Catalyze催化cationic dyeable nylon阳离子可染锦纶cationic dyes阳离子染料cationic fixation agents阳离子固色剂Cationic阳离子性的Caustic soda烧碱Cellulose 纤维素cellulose纤维素centrifugal 离心的chamber室Chelating agent 螯合剂Chemical adsorption 化学吸附Chemical finishing化学整理Chemical specialties 化学品Chemically modified化学改性Chlorine gas 氯气Chlorine retention吸氯损伤Chlorosulfonic acid 氯磺酸Chroma彩度chromogen色原体chromophore发色体chromophore发色团chromophore阳离子染料Citric 柠檬酸Cleaning agents 净洗剂Cleavage解离Cloud point 浊点Cloudy混浊的Clumps团Coagulating suspended solids 悬浮固体的凝固Coating 涂层剂Coconut oil 椰子油Colloidal胶态的color yield 上染率Colorant着色剂Colorimetry色度学Common ion effect同离子效应Comonomer 共聚单体compatibility factor配伍性指数Compatibility 相容性compatibility相容性Compatible 相容的Compensate补偿compensate补偿components组分Comprise 包含Compromise妥协Concentrate 浓度，浓缩（物）Concentration gradient浓度梯度Concentration浓度Configuration 构象configuration构形Conjugated double bond共轭双键Contamination沾污coplanarity共平面性coplanar共平面的Copolymer 共聚物Copper 铜Corrosive 腐蚀性Counteract 与…相反Counter-flow 反向流动counterpart等同体coupling component偶合组分coupling偶合Covalent bond共价键Covalent 共价Creamy米色Crease折皱Crimping 织缩Critical micelle concentration 临界胶束浓度Critical苛刻的Crosslinking 交联crosslinking交联Crystalline结晶度crystallization结晶Cyan 青色Cylinder 圆筒Ddark shades深色Decolorize脱色decomposition分解Defect疵点Defoaming 消泡Degradation 降解delocalization 共振demarcation区分Depolymerization 解聚Deposit沉积Derivatization 衍生物Dermatology 刺激Desizing bath 退浆池Desizing退浆Desorb解吸Detach分开Detergency洗净力developer显色基Dextrins 糊精Diameter直径diazonium salt重氮盐diazonium重氮盐diazotization reaction重氮化反应diazotized重氮化dibasic二元的Dichromates 重铬酸Diffuse reflection 漫反射Diffuse扩散Digestion消化作用Dilute稀薄的Dilute稀释Dimensional stability尺寸稳定性Diminishing递减的direct dyes直接染料direct-developed dyes偶氮显色直接染料Discoloration褪色disperse dyes分散染料Dispersing agent 分散剂Dispersion 分散Disposed废弃Dissociated游离的Dissociate电离Dissolution 溶解Distortion扭变Distributes分配Distribution分布Distributor分销商disulfide linkages二硫键Divalent cations 二价的阳离子Diverse 多种多样的Donor substance给予体Drape悬垂性Droplet 液滴Dry cleaning干洗Dull shades深色Duller 萎暗Durability耐久性Durable press behavior 耐久压烫性dye cycle染色周期dye house染厂Dyeability 可染性Dyebath染浴Dyeing assistant 染色助剂Dyeing assistants染色助剂dyeing rate retarder缓染剂Dyeing染色dye-resist防染Dyesites 染座Dynes旦EEffluent 排出Elastomeric 弹性体Electrolytes 电解质electrolytes电解质electron donating group供电子基团electron withdrawing吸电子electron-deficient缺电子Electronegativity电负性electron-rich富电子electrophile亲电性Ellipsoidal 椭圆形的Emboss拷花Emitted 发散Emulsification 乳化Emulsion 乳液Energy history能变史Ensues接下来Enzymes 酶Equation 方程Equilibrium平衡Equipment设备Ethanol 乙醇Exact composition具体组分Exhaust methods 浸染法exhausting agent促染剂exhaustion上染速率Exhaustion吸尽率Exothermic放热的Extraneous matter外来杂质Fanned扇形Ffast bases色盐基fast color salts快色素fastness to crocking摩擦牢度fastness牢度Fatty acids 脂肪酸felting毡缩Felts 毛毯Fiber glass玻璃纤维fiber reactive dyes纤维反应染料Finishes 整理剂Finite有限的Fixation固色fixed固色Fixing dyes 固色Flame retardant 阻燃剂Flexibility弹性Fluffy 绒毛状的Fluidity number流变指数Fluidity 流动性Fluorescent荧光的Fluorocarbon 碳氟Flux rate流量Foaming 发泡Formaldehyde release 甲醛释放Formaldehyde 甲醛Formic 甲酸Formulated配制Formulation 配方Formulation溶液Fragment 片断Free acid 自由酸Free radical mechanisms自由基机理Frequency频率GGalactouronic acid 半乳糖醛酸Garment服装Gassing 烧毛Gel 凝胶Gelling 凝胶Glauber’s salt 元明粉Glauber’s salt元明粉Glycerol甘油Glycogen糖原gradually 离域作用Granules 颗粒Greige goods 坏布Hhalogen卤素Heat history受热史Heat setting热定形Heat transfer 热转移Hindered受阻Homopolymer 均聚物Hue 色泽hybridized杂化Hydraulic action液压作用Hydrochloric 盐酸Hydrogen bond氢键Hydrogen ion 氢离子Hydrolysis 醇解hydrolyzed dye水解染料hydrolyzed水解Hydrophile-lipophile banlance(HLB)亲水亲油平衡值Hydrophilic 亲水Hydrophilic亲水性纤维Hydrophobic fiber疏水性纤维Hydrophobic 憎水Hydrostatic pressure 静水压Hydroxyl ions 氢氧根离子hydroxyl羟基hydro保险粉Hyperfiltration超滤Hypothetical模拟Iice colors冰染料Illuminants照明体Illuminant光源Immiscible 不能混合的Immune 可避免的Impede阻碍Impinging hot air吹热风Impurity 杂质Incandescent 白炽的Incident light 入射光indigoid dyes靛蓝染料indigo靛蓝Infrared 近红外Infrared红外ingrain dyes原纱染色染料Ingredient组分Inherent 内在的inorganic compounds 无机化合物inorganic substances无机物Instantaneously 同时的Integrals积分Intensity 强度Interact相互作用Intercept 截距Interface 界面Internal pressure内在压力Intersect交叉Inversely related 反比关系Inward 内在的Ionic dyes离子型染料Ionize 电离irregularities无序性isoelectric point等电点Isothermal等温的Isotherms 等温线J Judicious 有预见性的Kketo酮Knit fabrics 针织物LLamellar 片状的Latex paint 乳胶漆Leather 皮革leaving groups离去基leuco隐色体leveling匀染性lightfastness耐光牢度lightfastness日晒牢度Lignin 木质素linearity线性Lipid 类脂Liquid ammonia液氨Liquor ratio浴比Liquor-to-fiber ratio浴比live steam热蒸汽Locus轨迹loosely bound colorant结合疏松的染料Lubricant 润滑剂Lyophilic 亲液Lyophobic 憎液MMagenta 品红Magnesium 镁Magnitude 程度Making emulsions乳化Making foam 发泡Manufacture生产，制造Mask掩盖Mass transfer processmatching仿色Maturity成熟度Maturity成熟度Measure测量Mechanism机理Medium介质Melting 熔融Membrane膜Meniscus弯月面Mercerizing 丝光Mercury 水银metal complex dye金属络合染料Metameric pair等色对methoxyl甲氧基Micelles 胶束microorganisms微生物Migration移染Migration泳移milling耐缩绒Mineral acid 有机酸Module循环Modulus 模量Molecular weight分子量monazo单偶氮Monosodium phosphate 磷酸二氢钠multiple多次Mutual共有的NNanometers 纳米naphthol dyes纳夫妥染料naphtholation色酚打底naphthol萘酚Negative负值Net charge净电荷Neutral salt 中性盐Neutralization 中和neutralized中和nitro dyes硝基染料nitroso dyes亚硝基染料nitrous acid亚硝酸Nonionic dyes非离子染料Nonionic 非离子性的Nonpolar非极性的Nonuniform dyeing染色不匀nonvolatile非挥发性nucleophilic displacement亲核取代Nuisance 缺点Nylon锦纶O Odor 气味Oil-in-water水包油Opaque 不透明的Opponent互补Optical brighteners 荧光增白剂Optical whiteners 光学白光Optimum rate of dyeing最佳上染率Ordinate 纵坐标Organic acid 有机酸organic chemical有机物Organic compounds 有机化合物oriented取向ortho 邻位的Osmosis渗透作用overfeeding超喂Overlap重叠over-oxidation过度氧化Oxidation 氧化Oxidation-reduction reaction 氧化还原反应oxidized氧化ozone臭氧PPad process轧工艺pad-batch浸轧堆置Padding techniques 浸轧工艺pad-jig浸轧卷染pad-steam浸轧汽蒸Pad-thermosol methods浸轧热溶染色法Paints 涂料pale shade浅色Panels类型Parallel to 平行Parameter参数Pastel shades浅色Pectic matter果胶物质Penetrated渗透Penetration渗透Peracetic acid 过氧乙酸perforated穿孔Perhydroxyl ion过氢氧要离子periphery周围Permanency 永久性Permanently永久地Permeate渗透液Perspiration汗渍Phase 相phenolic compounds酚类化合物phenolic hydrogen酚羟基phenol苯酚phenol酚phthalocyanine dyes酞菁染料pi orbitals π轨道Pickup带液率pigment method悬浮体染色法Pigment颜料Pilling起球Pleat打褶Polar极性的polyamide聚酰胺Polychromatic 多色的polycyclic aromatic carbonyl dyes稠环蒽醌染料Polyester聚酯纤维Polymer membrane高分子膜polymethine dyes聚甲炔染料Polypropylene聚丙烯Polysaccharides多聚糖Pore孔Porous carbon活性炭Porous 多孔的Positive正值Potassium 钾Preblended 预先混合Precipitous 明显的Precondensates 预聚体Predetermined temperature预定温度premature oxidation过早氧化Presumably大概地Pretreatments 预处理Primary hydroxyl group伯羟基primuline樱草灵Print paste 印花浆Prism棱镜Propagate增长proportion分配Proprietary专有的Protein蛋白质protein蛋白质protonated质子化protonated质子化作用Protrude伸出QQuenching灭火quinophthalone dyes苯并喹啉染料RRadius 半径reactive dyes活性染料Rearrangements重排Reciprocal倒数reddish带红色的Redeposition再沉积reduced method隐色体染色法reducing agent还原剂Reduction 还原Reenter再进入Relaxation of stresses 应力松弛replenished补充Replenished再补充repulsion斥力Repulsion排斥Residual chlorine残留氯Residual残留resin finish树酯整理resin后处理resonance 共振Retarders 缓染剂Retarding dyeing rate缓染Retina 视网膜Retract 收缩Rewetting 再润湿Rinse 洗涤Rinses漂洗Rod-like棒状的Rollback卷缩roll辊筒Rubber 橡胶Rubbing摩擦Rupture破裂SSalt linkage盐式键Salt 盐Salting out effect 盐效应salvaged弥补Saponification皂化反应Saturation 饱和度Scavenge 清除Scission切断Scouring煮练second order transition temperature二级转变温度Secondary bond 次级键secondary forces次级力Secondary hydroxyl group仲羟基Secondary wall次生胞壁semicontinuous半连续Sensory perception 感觉Severely严重地Sewn织补shades 颜色shielded 屏蔽Shrinkage 缩水side chains侧链Silicones 有机硅Siloxane 硅氧烷Singeing烧行Size reclamation 浆料回收Size浆料slightly acidic弱酸Slippage 滑移Smoldering阴燃soaping皂洗Sodium dydrosulfite 保险粉Sodium hydroxide氢氧化钠Sodium hypochlorite 次氯酸钠Sodium metasilicate 硅酸钠Sodium persulfate 亚硫代硫酸钠Sodium sulfate 硫酸钠Softener 柔软剂Softening 柔软Solely仅仅Solubility in water 水溶性Sparingly少量地Spectroscopy 光谱学Spectrumfilter光谱过滤器Specular reflection 镜面反射Spherical 球形的Spontaneously自发地Spot斑点Stabilizing dispersions 分散稳定Stain 着色Stains 污物Stansparent 透明的Starch paste 淀粉浆Starch 淀粉Steam process蒸工艺Stem茎Steric barriers空间位阻层Stiffness硬挺性strand绳状Streak条花Strength强力耐磨性Strike 刺激Structure 结构styryl dyes苯乙烯染料Subdivision等分Subjective主观的Sublimation 升华sublime升华Submerged 浸没substantivity直接性Substituted取代Substrate variation被染物变化Substrate 基材Substrate 溶液substrate被染物Sugar 糖Sulfonation reaction磺化反应sulfones砜sulfoxides亚砜sulfur bridges硫桥键sulfur dyes硫化染料Sulfuric 硫酸Surface active agents 表面活性剂Surface tension 表面张力Surfactant 表面活性剂Surfactants表面活性剂Surfactant表面活性剂Swell 溶胀synthesis合成Synthetic fibers合成纤维Synthetic 合成的TTacky 粘着性tailing头尾色差Tailored 特制的Tallow 脂（动物）Tear strength 撕裂强力tendering脆损Tensile strength 断裂强力Tenter frame张力架Textile纺织品Texturized yarn 变形纱The size of openings自由体积Thermally unstable 热不稳定的Thermo-plastic热塑性Thermosetting 热固性Thickener 增稠剂Thin slurry 薄浆thiol硫醇tile倾斜Timing cans 巴拉拉Timing定时tinctorial strength着色强度tinctorial strength着色强度Toxicity有毒的Transformed 转化Translucent 半透明的Translucent半透明的Transverse direction 截面方向Trihydric alcohol 三羟基醇trimming修剪Tubular membranes管状膜UUltimate exhaustion最终吸尽率Ultraviolet light紫外光Ultraviolet 紫外的Unambiguous 确定的Uniformly均匀的unshared electron pairs孤对电子Vvacates腾出Value明度Van der Waals forces范德华力Vaporization 蒸发Variables变量vat dyes还原染料vatting 还原Vector 矢量Velocity 速度vessel容器vigorous剧烈Vinyl acetate 醋酸乙烯酯Viscosity粘度WWarp size经纱上浆washfastness水洗牢度Wastewater污水Water absorbency 吸水性Water-in-oil油包水Waterproof 防水整理Wavelength 波长Wax蜡质Weathering气候Wettability润湿性Wetting 润湿Whiteness 白度Wrinkling 折皱ZZwitterionics 两性表面活性剂zwitterionic两性离子。

英文absorberA/D converterabilityabnormalabnormal condition abnormal operation abnormal operation transient abnormal temperature rise abovegroundaboveground cableabrading particlesabrasiveabrasive blastingabrasive flap wheelabrasive particlesabrasive wearabrasive wheelabsence of hang-upabsolute densityabsolute encoderabsolute errorabsolute filterabsolute filter bankabsolute filter package absolute fluxabsolute pressureabsolute specific gravity absolute temperature absorbed doseabsorbed dose equivalent rate absorbed dose rate absorbent capacityabsorber rodabsorptionA-weighted sound power level absorption analysisabsorption build-up factor absorption coefficient absorption controlabsorption cross section absorption efficiency absorption factorabsorption lengthabsorption lineabsorption peakabsorption ratioabsorption spectrum abundanceabundance ratio (isotopes)AC generatorAC motoraccelerationacceleration period(motor) accelerometeracceptable quality level acceptable results acceptanceacceptance criteria acceptance report acceptance testacceptance tested(filler metals) access areaaccess authorization for…access hatchaccess panelaccess plugaccess portaccess rampaccessibilityaccessibleaccessible-neutral accessories(filters,scoops,etc.) accident conditionaccident operating conditions accidental exposureaccidental releaseaccoustic emission detector accreditationaccreditedaccumulated doseaccumulated pressure accumulationaccumulatoraccumulator injectionaccumulator tankaccuracyachievement of qualityacid coveringacid etchingacid-proofacid-proof coating acknowledgement(signal,alarm,etc.) acoustic pressureacoustic strain gauge(containment instrumentation)acoustic velocityacoustic waveacoustical adj.acquisition rateactionaction planactivated carbonactivated charcoalactivated charcoal filteractivated charcoal filter bank activated charcoal filter package activated nucleusactivated wateractivationactivation analysisactivation energyactivation productsactiveactive carbon filteractive componentactive core heightactie energyactive failureactive fuel lengthactive height(fuel)active loopactive poweractive power meteractive surface agentactive volumeactivityactivity affecting qualityactivity concentrationactivity curveactivity levelactivity meteractivity supervisoractual capacity(compressor)actuate v.actuating variableactuationactuatoractuator armactuator manufactureracute exposureadaptoradaptor lugadaptor plate(fuel assembly to nozzle) adderaddition or deletion of variables(welding procedure qualification)additional HP governing valve additional lightingadditional loadadditional power source additional workadditiveaddressadhesionadhesive adj.adhesiveadhesive tapeadjoint fluxadjoint of the neutron flux density adjust v.adjustableadjustable blade propeller adjustable pliersadjustable wrenchadjustingadjusting bolt bearingadjusting ring set screw adjusting screwadjustment deviceadjustment moduleadjustment pellet administration building administrative lockout administrative manager admission pressureadvanced fuel assembly advantage factoraerialaerial cableaerial viewaerosolaerosol monitorAFI test (filters)after-heatafter-powerafterglowafterset insertAG 5aluminum-zinc alloyage v.age hardeningage peaking factoraged uranium agglomerated agglomerated flux agglomerated (powder) aggregateaggregate recoilaggressiveaggressive atmosphere aggressive medium aggressive wateragingagitatorair adj.air bindingair blast breakerair bleed valveair breakerair carbon arc gougingair change rateair conditioningair conduitair contaminationair contamination meterair contamination monitorair coolerair cooler duct (electric motor) air coolingair curtainair cylinderair dryerair ductair eductorair entrainmentair equivalentair equivalent materialair exhaustair filterair gapair gaugeair heaterair hoseair inletair intakeair lockair magnetic breakerair operated disk cutterair operated jawsair outletair pocketair pressure amplifierair radiation monitor(gas or air-particulate monitors)air recirculation fanair regulatorair removalair renewalair renewal rateair samplerair sampling deviceair setair set pressure test(for relief valves)air specific gravityair speedair supplyair supply fanair supply supportair supply terminalair to push downair to push upair transportair valveair velocityair ventair washerair-break circuit breakerair-bubbler type level measurement air-bubbler type specific gravity measurementair-cooled condenserair-cooled transformerair-entraining agent(concrete)air-entraining vortexair-line assemblyair-operated adj.air-operated valveair-to-air coolerair-to-close valveair-to-open on-off valveair-to-open valveair-to-water coolerair/bead mixtureairborne particulate control airborne particulatesaircraft crashaircraft warning lightsairing circuitairtightairtight doorairtightnessalarmalarm annunciatoralarm boxalarm lampalarm processingalarm signalalarm windowalarmedalignmentalignment holealignment pinalkaline batteryalkaline cleaningall volatile treatmentall-weld-metal tension(or tensile)test all-welded frameAllen screwalligatoringallowableallowable loadallowable stressallowanceallowance for fabrication tolerances alloy steelalloyed steelalmen intensityalmen stripalpha decayalpha emissionalpha emitteralpha radioactivityalpha ratioalpha raysalpha-phase producing(metallurgy) alphanumeric codealterationalternate energy sourcesalternate systemalternating currentalternating current motoralternating slidingalternating stressalternative energy sources alternatoraluminous cementambient conditionsambient does rateambient lightingambient temperatureAmerican standard pipe thread plug ammeterammonium diuranateampacityamphoteric metalamplification channelamplifieramplfier relayanaloganalog channelanalog controlleranalog diagramanalog digital converteranalog feedback controlanalog inputanalog instrumentationanalog measurementanalog relayanalog signalanalog variableanalyseranalysis(of data)analysis lineanalyzeranchoranchor baranchor boltanchor channelanchor coneanchor drillinganchor plateanchor pointanchor ring(reactor vessel)anchor rodanchoringanchoring pointangleangleangle beam examinationangle beam probeangle beam ultrasonic examination angle check valveangle control valveangle gear driveangle ironangle jointangle of frictionangle of the electron gun(electron beam welding)angle patternangle poleangle styleangle towerangle valveangular adjustmentangular displacement transducer angular momentumanion bedanion bed demineralizeranion bed ion exchangeranion exchange resinanion exchangeranion resinanion vacanciesanisotropy factorannealedannealingannealing passannealing temperatureannular lightingannulus(containment)annunciatedannunciatorannunciator boardannunciator lightannunciator panelanomalyanti-backlash(gears)anti-condensation heater(reactor coolant pump)anti-foaming agentanti-frieezing agent(concrete)anti-oil whip(pump)anti-popout tubeanti-reverseanti-reverse deviceanti-reverse systemanti-rotation deviceanti-rust paintanti-seismic plateanti-simmeranti-vibration baranti-vibration spacer baranti-whip deviceantibirdantichatteranticipatedanticlockwiseanticoincidenceantidustantifreezeantifriction bearingantirotation deviceantirotation lugantirotation toolantisimmer(valve)antisimmer pressure relief valve antivibrationantivibration bar attachmentanvilaperture cardapparatusapparent powerappendageappendage sensorapplicabilityapplicationapplication of new lead sealapproach(cooling tower,condenser) approach to criticalityapprovalapproved packingaquiferarc blowarc chutearc energyarc initiationarc strike(welding)arc trajectory(missile)archarch damarchitectural drawingarchitectural line weightsarcing contactareaarea containing removable ceiling or wall panelsarea drainarea monitorarea radiation monitorarea radiation monitoring system area supervisorarea under the notch(impact test) area-weighted averagingargon hosearithmetic meanarmarm rotationarmaturearmorarmored cablearmoring wirearmouraround-the-clockarrangementarrangement drawing arrangement of runsarrayarrisarticulated armarticulated camera mount artificial radioactivityartificail radionuclideas builtas isas-built(drawings)as-built dimensionas-built drawingas-castas-coated roughnessas-deposited claddingas-weldedas-welded surfaceasbestos cementasbestos cement sleeve asbestos paperaseismicaseismic bearing pad aseismic plateaskarel-filled transformer aspect ratioasperity junctionsasphaltasphalt roofingasphalt-based solifification assemblyassemblyassembly drawingassembly fixture(control rods) assessmentassigneeassignmentassignment check assignment drawingassistant shift supervisor assumedassumptionasymmetricasynchronous motor atmospheric pressure atmospheric relief valve atmospheric steam dump atmospheric steam dump valve atomic chargeatomic energyatomic mass unitatomic numberatomic ratioatomic weightatomize v.attachingattachmentattachment modeattachment pointattack(corrosion)attenuationattenuation coefficientattenuation factorattributeaudible alarmaudible signalsaudible warning deviceaudio radiation indicatorauditaudit follow-upaudit planaudit recordaudit reportauditoraustenitic steelaustenitizingauthorityauthotizationauthorization decree(plant)authorization to proceedauthorization to proceed with fabrication authorizationauthorized for testingauto-manual control stationautoclaveautogenous weldingautomatedautomatic chemical monitoring and control deviceautomatic controlautomatic control assemblyautomatic control relayautomatic control systemautomatic controllerautomatic level(surveying)automatic remote-controlled plugging automatic remote-controlled plugging systemautomatic roll-type filterautomatic rotating-type filter automatic sample changer automatic spiral ratchet screwdriver automatic surface examination automatic switchautomatic synchronization unit automatic weldingautomatic welding machine autonomousautotransformerauxiliary actuating deviceauxiliary alternatorauxiliary boilerauxiliary bridge(fuel handling) auxiliary buildingauxiliary building sump pump auxiliary contactorauxiliary exciterauxiliary feedwaterauxiliary feedwater pump(motor and turbine-driven)auxiliary feedwater storage tank auxiliary feedwater supply(steam generators)auxiliary gengeratorauxiliary hoist(fuel handling) auxiliary loading airauxiliary loading forceauxiliary motor-pump assembly auxiliary oil lift pumpauxiliary oil pumpauxiliary operatorauxiliary power systemauxiliary relayauxiliary rod holdout coil(CRDM) auxiliary rod holdout device(control rod drive mechanism)auxiliary spray lineauxiliary spray valveauxiliary steamauxiliary switchboardauxiliary switchyardauxiliary systemauxiliary trailerauxiliary transformerauxiliary valvesavailabilityavailability(NI)availability factor(NRC)availability improvementavailable headaverageaverage adj.average v.average energy expended per ion pair formedaverage lifeaverage logarithmic energy decrement average outgoing quality(AOQ) averaging amplifierAvogadro's numberaxial blanketaxial bucklingaxial clearanceaxial diffusion coefficientaxial expansionaxial flowaxial flow fanaxial flow impelleraxial flow propelleraxial grid spacing coefficientaxial meanaxial motionaxial offset(flux)axial offset factoraxial peaking hot spot factoraxial segementaxial stiffnessaxial stressaxial thrustaxial-scan closed circuit TV camera axially-splitaxially-split casingaxially-split casing pumpaxisaxis of rotationaxis of symmetryaxlebabbit metalback echoback filter(radiography)back gougingback grindingback lighted rotary pushbutton switch back off v.back out v.back seat bushingback shieldingback vanesback viewback wearing ringback welded branch pipeback weldingback-extractionback-to-backback-to-back impellersback-to-back switchboardback-to-wallback-to-wall switchboardbackdraft damperbacked-up power supplybackfacebackface(mates with backseat on valve body)backfillbackfillingbackfittingbackgroundbackground informationbackground irradiationbackground noisebackground radiationbackingbacking barbacking gasbacking layerbacking platebacking ringbacking runbacking stripbacklashbacklightedbacklighted buttonbacklighted pushbuttonbacklighted rotary switchbacklighted switchbacklightingbacklitbacklit sign(eg.<Exit>,<Fire Escape>) backpressurebackpressure fittingbackpressureregular(incorrectly<backpressure control valve>)backpressure turbinebackscatterbackscatter factorbackscatteringbackseatbackstep method(welding)backupbackup manual operatorbackup ring(CRDM)backwallbackward-curved vanebackwashingbad weatherbafflebaffle assembly(reactor vessel)baffle boltingbaffle jettingbaffle plate(reactor vessel)bailbainiticbakelitebaking(electrodes or fluxes before use) balance stabilizer shaftbalanced check valvebalanced sealbalanced-plug control valve balancingbalancing bellowsbalancing chamberbalancing devicebalancing diskbalancing drumbalancing drum headbalancing of rotating machinery balancing pistonballball bearingball burnishingball control valveball flow indicatorball hardness testing ball isolation valveball lift check valveball millball peen hammerball pressure relief valve ball ringball screwball thrust bearingball valveball-float trapballastballracebanana boundary zone banana regionband spectrum bandsawbank(capacitors,etc) bank slopingbarbar chartbar manipulatorbar stockbarbbarebare busbare cablebare rod bundlesbare shaftbare solid cablebare wirebaring(wire)barrelbarrel casingbarrel casing pumpbarrel pumpbarrelingbarrierbarrier terminal blockbarring gearbarstock adj.barstockbarstock bodybarytes concretebasebase insertbase loadbase load operationbase matbase material test couponbase metalbase metal crackingbase packagebase platebase rockbase slabbase-load compressorbase-load plantbaseboardbaseline databasematbasementbaseplatebasic allowable stress intensity(RCC-M) basic coveringbasin designbasic flow diagrambasic function unitbasic gridbasic grid strapbasicity indexbasin(geographical)basis control modulebasketbasket gripbasketweave armorbastard filebatchbatch distillationbatch numberbatch processingbatch treatmentbatchingbatching tankbatter(of wall or embankment) batterybattery bankbattery chargerbattery packbattery pliersbattery roombaybay windowbayonet connector(quick disconnect) bayonet couplingbeadbead blastingbead collecting system(shot peening) bead collectorbead generatorbeadsbeambeam attenuationbeam clampbeam compassbeam index(ultrasonics)beam powerbearingbearing capacity(soils,etc) bearing cartridge bearing coverbearing end cover bearing framebearing framebearing housingbearing pedestalbearing platebearing pointbearing shaft sleeve bearing shellbearing shell half bearing shoebearing sleevebearing spanbearing stressbearing supportbearing surface bearingsbedbed v.beddingbedding mortarbedding tapebedplatebedrockbeginning of cycle(BOC) beginning of life(BOL) behaviorbellbell end (pipe)bell mouth (pipe)bell-mouth defectbell-shaped end (pipe) Belleville spring belleville washerbellows sealbellows seal valvebellows-type manometerbeltbelt conveyorbelt drivebelvederebench grinderbench markbench testbenchmarkbendbend radiusbend testbendingbending brakebending critical speedbending forcebending induced by thermal contraction bending machinebending momentbending pressbending radiusbending schedulebending strengthbending stressbending tablebending tensile strengthbending testbentonitebermbest efficiency pointbest estimate flowbeta decaybeta quenchbeta radioactivitybeta raysbeta valuebevelbevel anglebevel protractorbevel washerbevelingbeveling machinebiasingbibbibbbichromate-treatedbidbifilarbill of materialsbill of quantitiesbilletbimetalbimetal thermometerbinbinary cyclebinary signalbindbinderbindingbinding energybinding fatiguebinding postbinding screwbinding wirebinocularsbiological concentration biological concentration factor biological effect of radiation biological half-lifebiological holebiological protection biological shieldbiological shieldingbiological equivalent single dose bird cage(shipping cask)bird screenbirdproofbistablebitbite(control rods)bitumenbitumen feltbitumen solidification bituminous paintblack anodizedblack bodyblack plateblack sheetblackenedblackoutbladeblankblank panelblank contractblanking plateblanking-offblast cleaningblast furnace cementbled steambleedbleed v.bleed off v.bleed valvebleed-offbleedingbleeding point(turbine)bleedoffblendblend v.blend back additionblend batchblendback additionblending radiusblind flangeblind holeblind nutblind rivetblind scalerblindingblinding concreteblink v.blisterblisteringblockblock v.(circuit electronique)block and tackleblock diagramblock valveblock valveblockingblocking medium(radiography)blocking valveblockoutblood tissueblow down v.blow off v.blow-off circuitblowdownblowdown control ring(may be the upper or lower adjusting ring)blowdown coolerblowdown line(steam generator) blowdown nozzle(SG)blowdown pipeblowdown pressure(difference between set pressure and reseating pressure)blowdown pumpblowdown tankblowdown tap(SG)blowdown valveblowerblowout diaphragmblunt-nosed stampBNC terminalBNI (Balance of Nuclear Island) boardboard cardboard extenderboard swapping(fault clearing) bodybody burdenbody contaminationbody decontaminationbody endbody gasket;body-to-bonnet joint body radiocartographybody wave(earthquakes)body/bonnet nutboiler feedpumpboilermakerboilermakingboiling crisisboiling pointboltbolt and nutbolt cross-sectionbolt cutterbolt-onbolted bonnetbolted glandbolted linkbolted-pressure connector boltingbolting(bolts,screws,nuts,studs,washers,etc .)bondbond strengthbondedbonded areabonded flux;agglomerated fluxbonded warehousebondingbonding jumperbonding wirebone tissuebone-seekingbonnet(valve)bonnet bearingbonnet plugbonnet stop(prevents bonnet from jamming in body)boom(crane)booster fanbooster pumpbooster relaybooster rodboosting(pump)bootbooth(NDE)BOP(Balance of Plant)borate v.borated glassborated waterboreboreholeborescopeborescope built into the syringe borescope inspectionboric acid(12%)boric acid(12% w/o solution)boric acid batching tankboric acid concentrationboric acid evaporatorboric acid makeupboric acid pumpboric acid removalboric acid surge tankboric acid tankboric oxideboringboring barboring benchboring millboron concentrationboron concentration monitoring boron contentboron criticality searchboron dilutionboron equivalentboron injection tankboron makeupboron meterboron precipitationboron recycleboron recyclingboron releaseboron removalboron steelboron-coated proportional counter boron-lined ion chamberboron-lined ionization chamber boron-lined proportional counter borosilicate glassborosilicate glass tube borosilicate tubebossbottombottom end plug(fuel rod or thimble plug) bottom entrybottom fitting(fuel assembly)bottom frictionbottom grid assembly(fuel assembly) bottom guide tube flangebottom guide tube flange holebottom headbottom head instrument penetration bottom nozzle(fuel assembly)bottom suctionbottom surfacebottom viewbottoming tapbottoms(evaporator)boundaryboundary conditionsboundary markerboundary wallbourndon tubebow(assembly)bow springbowed rodbowingbowlbowl and shaft assemblysupport(multistage pumps)boxbox end socket wrenchbox girderbox gutterbox sectionbox socket wrenchbox wrenchbox wrench(12-point)box-outbracebracketbrackish waterbraidbraided packingbraided shieldingbrakebrake horsepowerbrakingbranchbranch connectionbranch pipe jointbranch pipe weldbranch raceway branching(disintegration) branching crackbrassbraze weldingbrazed jointbrazerbrazingbrazing pastebrazing powderbreachbreakbreak a vacuum v.break contactbreak in electrical continuity break vesselbreak-before-make contact break-in periodbreak-make transfer switch breakawaybreakaway force breakaway starting current breakaway torque breakdownbreaker modulebreaker with ultrashort breaking time breaker-fuse combinationbreaking around an obstruction breaking capacitybreaking strengthbreaking stressbreakoutbreastwallbreather pipebreeches pipebreechlockbreechlock bonnetbreechlock sealbremsstrahlungbrickbridgebridge girderBriggs pipe thread plugbright annealingbright-dim lampbrinebrine heaterbrittlebrittle fracturebroachbroachingbrokenbroken tapbronzebrought outbrought out to terminal blockbrown oxidebrushbrush v.(to remove excess slag) brush surface analyzerbrushing machine brushing unitbubble collapsebubble suitbubbler level sensor bubbling(welding defect) bucklebucklingbuckling lengthbuckling loadbuckling strength buckling testbufferbuffer tankbuffetingbug holes(concrete)build-up factorbuilderbuildingbuilding ground conductor building structure building-type switchboard buildupbuildup sequencebuilt-in reactivitybuilt-up backpressure built-up seat(hard facing) built-up weld deposite builtup roofingbuiltup sectionbulbbulgebulge jointbulkbulk boilingbulk densitybulk materialsbulk storage tankbulkhead(of an air lock)bulkhead connectorbulkingbullet-nose welded end plug(thimble tube) bullet-shaped end plug(thimble tube) bullet-shaped welded ene plug(thimble tube)bumperbumpless transfer systembundlebundle wrapper(steam generator) bundledbundlingbunkerburial depthburial in concrete(using encased duct) buriedburied cableburied grid electrodeburied pipeburied piping and cablesburied-cableburn-off rateburn-up life(neutron detector)burnable posionburnable posion assembly storage adapter burnable posion rodburnable posion rod assembly burnishingburnout(fuel)burnout heat fluxburnout pointburnout ratioburnup fractionburnup sharingburnup sharing fractionburr(concrete)burringburring machine(soyage) burstburst pressureburst testbusbus compartmentbus ductbus sectionbus voltage metering section busbarbush hammeringbushingbushing shellbuswaybusworkbutt jointbutt strapbutt weldbutt weldingbutterflybutterfly control valve butterfly valvebutteringbuttering on dissimilar metal buttress(retaining wall) buttress v.buttress dambuttress threadbuttweld endbuttweld end connection buzzerbypass v.(electronic circuit)bypass breakerbypass damperbypass flow ratebypass linebypass valvecab(lifting equipment)cabinetcablecable anchorcable bookcable boxcable bridgecable capcable chasecanle clampcable clipcable cuttercable deckcable depthcable destinationcable endcable end bushing(protects cable at entry to enclosure)cable end capcable entrancecable entrycable exitcable fillcable fittingscable floorcable gallerycable glandcable gland with seismic-resistant cable clampcable in conduitcable jointcable laddercable laid in trays cable layercable layingcable marking tool cable penetration cable pullercanle puller/tensioner cable pullingcable pulling eye cable rackingcable roomcable routing schedule cable runningcable schedulecable sleevecable spreading area cable spreading room cable storage yard cable strapcable support system cable tagcable termination cable tiecable tie applicator tool cable traycable tunnelcable tyingcable unreelercable vaultcabledcablemancablescablewaycableyardcablingcabling diagramcabling roomcadmium cut-offcadmium ratiocadmium-platedcadweld rebar splicecagecage control valvecage nutcage valve trimcage-guided valve trimcage-type plug disk globe valve caged laddercageless plug disk globe valve caisson(foundations)calaminecalcinationcalcinercalciningcalcining furnacecalciothermycalculationcalculation meshcalculation methodcalculation pointcalculation sheetcalculation timecalculational methodcalculatorcalibrate v.(instrumentation channel) calibrationcalibration benchcalibration blockcalibration coefficientcalibration holecalibration slopecalked joint。

离子交换中英文离子交换树脂Organic ion exchange resins having cross linked hydrocarbon matrix and derivatized with inorganic group are the most common ion exchange materials used in industrial applications.有机离子交换树脂的交联基体和烃类衍生物与无机组是最常见的离子交换在工业应用中使用的材料。

The majority of the commercial resins are based on the styrene-divinylbenzene structure because of its good resistance against chemical and physical stress.该商业树脂绝大多数都是以由于其抗化学和物理应力好，耐苯乙烯二乙烯苯的结构。

The structure is stable at relatively high temperatures and over the whole pH range.其结构是稳定在较高的温度和pH值在整个范围内。

Styrene polymer chains (Figure 2) are crosslinked with divinylbentzene (DVB) and the elasticity of resin can be adjusted by varying the amount of DVB it contains.苯乙烯聚合物链（图2）交联divinylbentzene（DVB）的，树脂的弹性，可以通过改变它包含的DVB数额进行调整。

Figure 2.图2。

Styrene-divinylbentzene co-polymer X= ionogenic/functional group苯乙烯- divinylbentzene共聚物X = ionogenic /功能组The ion exchange properties of organic resins are mainly based on ionogenic groups which can be attached to practically all the styrene rings in the styrene-divinylbentzene co-polymer.有机树脂的离子交换性能，主要是在此基础上可以附加在苯乙烯divinylbentzene合作，几乎所有的聚合物苯乙烯环ionogenic组。