2013 ICM翻译问题

2013华中科技大学MTI专业课真题回忆版翻译硕士英语第一部分是改错，十分。

一共四句话，每句话划出了ABCD四个单词或短语，然后选择一个之后，进行改错。

难度对我来说挺高，语法不扎实。

我前后两位英语专业的也表示难度不小。

第二部分是20个单选，10分或20分（不太确定）。

难度不大。

第三部分是5篇阅读，30分或40分，每篇4个问题。

文章较短，难度不大，但是选项设置的很有技巧，非常多的偷换概念，移花接木，偷换主语等障碍。

第四部分是一篇缩写，10分。

给出的文章370个单词，要求缩写到100-150个单词。

难度不大，只需删除举例的段落，添加一些词句即可。

第五部分是作文，30分。

题目是did you agree or disagree some people say that "the computer has destroyed communication among friends and family".算是老生常谈的题目，比较好写。

英语翻译基础第一部分词语翻译（只写了能想起来的）CPIAQCBDNDRCDHLASEANOxfamunitary governmentintravenous dripEU emission cap咖啡烘培商食品添加剂弱势群体千年发展目标金砖五国技术密集型产品第二部英译汉是关于欧美天气的，难度不大。

汉译英分为两部分，一个20分的，难度大，讲的关于雕刻的，名词非常多，什么汉白玉，花岗岩等等。

第二个是40分，关于中国人为什么不喜欢笑，然后跟越南人相对比。

难度较小。

百科第一部分名解中华五岳道教元曲四大名著江南三大名楼选举人票参众两院美国梦国际货币基金组织京都议定书巴厘路线图科学发展观三农问题十二五规划第二部分应用文选取一个你熟悉的产品或服务，写一封销售信。

这个简单，我买的书上有原题。

第三部分大作文心的轨迹决定命运的轨迹。

2013年美国数模竞赛ICM题目翻译（C题）我们的社会总是致力于开发和使用模型来预测地球的生物和环境的卫生条件。

许多科学研究认为地球的环境和生物系统承受的压力越来越大,但是很少有全球模型来测试这些压力带来的赔偿。

由联合国支持的《生态系统评估综合报告》显示,近三分之二的地球的维持生命的生态系统——包括干净的水,纯净的空气,和稳定的气候-正在退化,被不可持续的使用。

人类是得出了很多关于这次的损坏的原因。

其中有不断飙升的要求食品、新鲜水、燃料和木材，到戏剧性的环境变化,比如森林砍伐,空气,土地和水的污染。

尽管大量的研究上进行本地栖息地和区域因素,当前的模型没有充分告知决策者如何他们的省政策可能会影响整个地球的健康。

许多模型忽略复杂的全球因素和无法确定潜在的政策影响远程。

而科学家们意识到,复杂的人际关系和交叉效应在无数环境和生物系统的影响地球的生物圈,电流模型经常忽略这些关系或限制系统的连接。

系统的复杂性体现在多个交互,反馈循环,紧急行为,和即将到来的状态改变或临界点。

最近写的文章22国际性质已知的科学家题为“接近一个状态改变地球的生物圈”概括了许多相关的问题需要科学模型的重要性预测潜在的状态改变行星的卫生系统。

本文提供了两个具体的定量建模的挑战在呼吁更好的预测模型:1)改善生物预测通过全球模型,拥抱的复杂性地球的相互关联的系统,包括当地条件的影响的全球系统,反之亦然。

2)确定因素,可能产生不健康的全球状态变化和显示如何使用有效的生态系统管理来防止或限制这些即将发生的状态的改变。

结果研究的问题是:我们是否能使用本地或全球模型构建区域组件的地球健康,预测潜在的状态改变和帮助决策者设计有效的策略基于他们的潜在影响地球健康。

尽管许多警告迹象出现,没有人知道地球是真正接近全球临界点或如果这样一个极端的状态是不可避免的。

《自然》这篇文章和许多其他人指出,有几个重要的元素在工作在地球生态系统(如。

,当地的因素,全球影响,多维因素和关系,不同时间和空间尺度上)。

2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题全文翻译Section I 全文翻译鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。

事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。

例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。

为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。

第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。

第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。

第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。

而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。

第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。

我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。

这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。

要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。

此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。

人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。

Section II Reading ComprehensionText1全文翻译亚当•戴维森《在美国制造》一文中提到南部种棉地区的一个笑话，内容涉及现代纺织厂自动化的程度：如今的普通工厂只有两个雇员，“一个人外加一条狗。

人是负责喂狗的，狗则是为了让人不要靠近机器的。

”目前，我们的失业率为何居高不下、中产阶级收入为何下降，其实也是由于全球化和信息技术革命的发展。

2013 ICM ProblemNetwork Modeling of Earth's HealthBackground: Society is interested in developing and using models to forecast the biological and environmental health conditions of our planet. Many scientific studies have concluded that there is growing stress on Earth's environmental and biological systems, but there are very few global models to test those claims. The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth's life-supporting ecosystems— including clean water, pure air, and stable climate— are being degraded by unsustainable use. Humans are blamed for much of this damage. Soaring demands for food, fresh water, fuel, and timber have contributed to dramatic environmental changes; from deforestation to air, land, and water pollution. Despite the considerable research being conducted on local habitats and regional factors, current models do not adequately inform decision makers how their provincial polices may impact the overall health of the planet. Many models ignore complex global factors and are unable to determine the long-range impacts of potential policies. While scientists realize that the complex relationships and cross-effects in myriad environmental and biological systems impact Earth's biosphere, current models often ignore these relationships or limit the systems' connections. The system complexities manifest in multiple interactions, feedback loops, emergent behaviors, and impending state changes or tipping points. The recent Nature article written by 22 internationally known scientists entitled "Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere" outlines many of the issues associated with the need for scientific models and the importance of predicting potential state changes of the planetary health systems. The article provides two specific quantitative modeling challenges in their call for better predictive models:1) To improve bio-forecasting through global models that embrace the complexityof Earth's interrelated systems and include the effects of local conditions on theglobal system and vice versa.2) To identify factors that could produce unhealthy global state-shifts and to showhow to use effective ecosystem management to prevent or limit these impending state changes.The resulting research question is whether we can build global models using local or regional components of the Earth's health that predict potential state changes and help decision makers design effective policies based on their potential impact on Earth's health. Although many warning signs are appearing, no one knows if Planet Earth is truly nearing a global tipping point or if such an extreme state is inevitable.The Nature article and many others point out that there are several important elements at work in the Earth's ecosystem (e.g., local factors, global impacts, multi-dimensional factors and relationships, varying time and spatial scales). There are also many other factors that can be included in a predictive model — human population, resource and habitat stress, habitat transformation, energy consumption, climate change, land use patterns, pollution, atmospheric chemistry, ocean chemistry, bio diversity, and political patterns such as social unrest and economic instability. Paleontologists have studied and modeled ecosystem behavior and response during previous cataclysmic state shifts and thus historic-based qualitative and quantitative information can provide background for future predictive models. However, it should be noted that human effects have increased significantly in our current biosphere situation.Requirements:You are members of the International Coalition of Modelers (ICM) which will soon be hosting a workshop entitled "Networks and Health of Planet Earth" and your research leader has asked you to perform modeling and analysis in advance of the workshop. He requires your team to do the following:Requirement 1: Build a dynamic global network model of some aspect of Earth's health (you develop the measure) by identifying local elements of this condition (network nodes) and appropriately connecting them (network links) to track relationship and attribute effects. Since the dynamic nature of these effects is important, this network model must include a dynamic time element that allows the model to predict future states of this health measure. For example, your nodes could be nations, continents, oceans, habitats, or any combination of these or other elements which together constitute a global model. Your links could represent nodal or environmental influences, or the flow or propagation of physical elements (such as pollution) over time. Your health measure could be any element of Earth's condition to include demographic, biological, environmental, social, political, physical, and/or chemical conditions. Be sure to define all the elements of your model and explain the scientific bases for your modeling decisions about network measures, nodal entities, and link properties. Determine a methodology to set any parameters and explain how you could test your model if sufficient data were available. What kinds of data could be used to validate or verify the efficacy of your model? (Note: If you do not have the necessary data to determine parameters or perform verification, do not throw out the model. Your supervisor realizes that, at this stage, good creative ideas and theories are as important as verified data-based models.) Make sure you include the human element in your model and explain where human behavior and government policies could affect the results of your model.Requirement 2: Run your model to see how it predicts future Earth health. You may need to estimate parameters that you would normally determine from data. (Remember, this is just to test and understand the elements of your model, not to use it for prediction or decision making.) What kinds of factors will your model produce? Could it predict state change or tipping points in Earth's condition? Could it provide warning about global consequences of changing local conditions? Could it inform decision makers on important policies? Do you take into account the human elements in your measures and network properties?Requirement 3: One of the powerful elements of using network modeling is the ability to analyze the network structure. Can network properties help identify critical nodes or relationships in your model? If so, perform such analysis. How sensitive is your model to missing links or changing relationships? Does your model use feedback loops or take into account uncertainties? What are the data collection issues? Does your model react to various government policies and could it thus help inform planning? Requirement 4: Write a 20-page report (summary sheet does not count in the 20 pages) that explains your model and its potential. Be sure to detail the strengths and weaknesses of the model. Your supervisor will use your report as a major theme in the upcoming workshop and, if it is appropriate and insightful to planetary health modeling, will ask you to present at the upcoming workshop. Good luck in your network modeling work!Potentially helpful references include:Anthony D. Barnosky, Elizabeth A. Hadly, Jordi Bascompte, Eric L. Berlow, James H. Brown, Mikael Fortelius, Wayne M. Getz, John Harte, Alan Hastings, Pablo A. Marquet, Neo D. Martinez, Arne Mooers, Peter Roopnarine, Geerat Vermeij, John W. Williams, Rosemary Gillespie, Justin Kitzes, Charles Marshall, Nicholas Matzke, David P. Mindell, Eloy Revilla, Adam B. Smith. "Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere,". Nature, 2012; 486 (7401): 52 DOI: 10.1038/nature11018Donella Meadows, Jorgen Randers, and Dennis Meadows. Limits to Growth: The 30-year update, 2004.Robert Watson and A.Hamid Zakri. UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report, United Nations Report, 2005.University of California - Berkeley. "Evidence of impending tipping point for Earth." ScienceDaily, 6 Jun. 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012.。

C: 埃博拉病毒：为什么不能抑制它传播致命的出血热埃博拉病毒在1976年首次被发现，从Richard Preston 的火热地带发表以来，它已经得到近20年的关注。

然而，那时没有药物能够有效治疗这个疾病。

根据世界卫生组织的数据，从2013年12月起，在西非持续爆发的埃博拉病毒已经在Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia这些国家感染了至少567人，其中包括350名死亡者。

这次爆发似乎是历史上最严重的一次，超过了2000年在乌干达出现425个病例的记录。

目前对患者的治疗仅限于普通的疗法以维持生命。

根据疾病预与防控制中心，他们可能被输入液体（患者通常经常脱水），或者是为了维持血压与氧气水平的疗法，如果病情发展会治疗感染。

（分配给两名美国患者的实验药品也已经用完了。

）病毒治疗的缺乏很烦人，但是如果药物研究的方法得到赞助，找到疗法是可以预测到的。

当医药公司决定把研发费用投向哪里时，他们会评估候选药物的潜在市场，那也意味着他们需要对影响富人们的疾病实施激励（最重要的是发达国家的富人），这些富人们可以负担起高额的费用。

他们会激励制造出很多人会使用的药物。

他们也会有激励措施制造人们会长期使用的药物---像他汀类药物。

这个体系可以给西方人提供他们需要的药物（尽管价格很高），但是也会在某些疾病和药物的研发上导致严重的投资不足。

主要影响落后国家的穷人的疾病不是研究的优先选择，因为那些市场不可能带来可观的回报。

像疟疾和肺结核这样的疾病每年会导致200万人丧生，他们在医药领域并没有得到像高胆固醇那样足够的重视。

世界卫生组织所说的“被遗忘的热带疾病”，像南美锥虫病和登革热，他们影响着10亿人并且每年导致50万的人丧生，一份研究显示在1975-2004年间有1500多种药物面市但只有10种是针对这些疾病的。

当一种疾病的受害者是穷人并行只有很少的人患病，那么这将是双重打击。

从两方面来说，对埃博拉病毒的药物研究就是一个不被看好的投资：目前，这种疾病只在落后的国家发病值影响到一小部分人。

对外经济贸易大学2013年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案I.Phrase TranslationSection ONE1.litigation&arbitration：诉讼和仲裁2.managing director:总经理；总裁3.glocolization:全球本土化，由globalization和localization组合而成4.Securities law：证券法5.promotion：促进；提升；促销6.expropriation：征收；没收；剥夺7.counter trade：对销贸易；抵偿贸易8.negotiable instrument：可转让票据；[金融]流通票据9.state of the art：最先进技术水平；尖端科技10.survival of the fittest：适者生存；优胜劣汰Section Two1.合资经营:joint venture2.贬值:devalue;depreciate;devaluate3.边际效应:marginal effect4.股东:shareholder;stockholder5.专利:patent6.绩效评估:performance evaluation;performance appraisal7.消费者物价指数:CPI;Consumer Price Index8.董事:Member of the Board；DirectorSection Three1.ASEAN：东盟(Association of South East Asian Nations)2.CIF：到岸价（Cost Insurance and Freight）3.FDA:美国食品药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)4.ITC:美国国际贸易委员会(International Trade Commission)5.ISO:国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)6.GSP:普惠制(generalized system of preferences)7.GATT关税与贸易总协定(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)8.NAFTA北美自由贸易协定(North American Free Trade Agreement)9.MERCOSUR：南美南方共同市场10.UNITC：联合国国际贸易中心（United Nations International Trade Center II.Passage translationSection A Chinese to English以推进经济结构战略性调整作为加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。

QE3CNNthe Eighteenth National Congress of the CPCUS pivot to AsiaIMFASEANThe Gaza Strip长三角中产收入陷阱纳米技术独立自主的和平外交政策钓鱼岛争端【想不起了待补充】英译汉Broken BRICs （毁了的“金砖四国）Why the Rest Stopped RisingBy Ruchir SharmaNovember/December 2012Over the past several years, the most talked-about trend in the global economy has been the so-called rise of the rest, which saw the economies of many developing countries swiftly converging with those of their more developed peers. The primary engines behind this phenomenon were the four major emerging-market countries, known as the BRICs: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The world was witnessing a once-in-a-lifetime shift, the argument went, in which the major players in the developing world were catching up to or even surpassing their counterparts in the developed world.These forecasts typically took the developing world's high growthrates from the middle of the last decade and extended them straight into the future, juxtaposing them against predicted sluggish growthin the United States and other advanced industrial countries. Such exercises supposedly proved that, for example, China was on the verge of overtaking the United States as the world's largest economy-apoint that Americans clearly took to heart, as over 50 percent of them, according to a Gallup poll conducted this year, said they think that China is already the world's "leading" economy, even though the U.S. economy is still more than twice as large (and with a per capita income seven times as high).As with previous straight-line projections of economic trends, however-such as forecasts in the 1980s that Japan would soon be number one economically-later returns are throwing cold water on the extravagant predictions. With the world economy heading for its worst year since 2009, Chinese growth is slowing sharply, from doubledigits down to seven percent or even less. And the rest of the BRICs are tumbling, too: since 2008, Brazil's annual growth has droppedfrom 4.5 percent to two percent; Russia's, from seven percent to 3.5 percent; and India's, from nine percent to six percent.None of this should be surprising, because it is hard to sustainrapid growth for more than a decade. The unusual circumstances of the last decade made it look easy: coming off the crisis-ridden 1990s and fueled by a global flood of easy money, the emerging markets took off in a mass upward swing that made virtually every economy a winner. By 2007, when only three countries in the world suffered negative growth, recessions had all but disappeared from the international scene. But now, there is a lot less foreign money flowing into emerging markets. The global economy is returning to its normal state of churn, with many laggards and just a few winners rising in unexpected places. The implications of this shift are striking, because economic momentum is power, and thus the flow of money to rising stars will reshape the global balance of power.【译文出自网络，仅供参考】为何“其它国家”停止增长？全球经济中提到最多的趋势是所谓的“其它国家”的崛起。

Fundamental science has provided us with an increasingly detailed and accurate understanding of nature and the world around us. Progress in science is based on the pre-conditions that our minds, reason, and our powers of observation are the tools we use to advance knowledge. There are no mysteries that will resist scientific investigation.1. 能源与经济发展方面Our economy is now developing rapidly, resulting in relatively heavy pressure on the supply of energy. It has something to do with the current stage of social and economic development of our country. But no matter which developmental stage we are in, if too much energy is consumed, we will be punished as a consequence, facing such problems as energy shortage, environmental pollution and ecological damage.ecologyeco-tourism当前我国经济发展迅速，能源供应的压力较大，这跟我国当前经济和社会所处的阶段不无关系。

2013证书颁发机构杯国际数学建模竞赛（MCM。

tzmcm。

cn）问题B：人类就业模式的寄居蟹进化寄居蟹，是在美国最受欢迎的宠物品种生活状态-依赖于其他生物的壳的保护。

带一个隐士蟹它的外壳，你会看到它柔软的、粉红色的腹部卷曲在它的头状的一个蕨类植物的叶状体。

大多数寄居蟹喜欢蜗牛壳，虽然有些寄居蟹使用壳双壳类，像蛤蜊和扇贝，和其他人做的浮木，石头、玻璃或塑料瓶片。

当一个螃蟹遇到一个美丽的新壳，它立即用它的腿和触角检查这个新住房，会离开当前家，去尝试新的庇护所的大小。

如果新的外壳是大小合适的，螃蟹就会宣布拥有它。

这是寄居蟹通常的行为。

但是，如果新的壳是太大了，巨蟹不会失望的离去，相反，它会呆在它的发现新壳处四处闲逛，等待15分钟到8小时。

这是不寻常的。

最终，其他的螃蟹出现了，每一个螃蟹都会尝试这个新壳。

如果壳对于新人来说也太大了，他们也会一起到处闲逛，有时形成20多个。

但是，螃蟹并没有聚集在一个随机排列。

相反，他们会一个抓住一个形成一个康线从最大到最小排列。

一个行为生物学家称之为&quot；捎带。

&quot；一旦一个螃蟹宣布了它的新家，在队列中的所有的螃蟹快速交换壳的顺序。

排在队伍前面的大蟹抓住蟹的废弃的外壳。

第二大螃蟹偷偷进入第一的老贝。

以此类推。

寄居蟹真的需要去思考和估计，这些壳资源，这些都是生死的决定，他们是有趣的从这个角度看。

他们有比平均蟹更高的智力。

社会学家和经济学家使用术语“空屋链”来描述资源的连续交换，造福每一个人。

空屋链是资源分配的一种好方法：不像更典型的竞争，一个‘空屋链’造福每个参与的人，每个人都会得到提升。

所以，很明显寄居蟹已经进化出复杂的社会行为，来充分利用空屋链。

学习这些动物的行为，可以帮助我们如何分配资源，如公寓，在自己的汽车和工作。

你的模型的目标:1，改进社会策略，按顺序交换工作，以至于让每个人获益。

我们可以将它们应用于所有的行业？如果不是，需要符合什么条件？2，现在，一个新的人力资源网站想采纳你的意见，有多少职位，求职者需要，满足雇主和雇员。

Using Networks to Measure Influence and Impact利用网络来衡量影响和冲击One of the techniques to determine influence of academic research is to build and measure properties of citation or co-author networks.一种确定科学研究的影响力的技术是通过建立和衡量引用属性或合著网络Co-authoring a manuscript usually connotes a strong influential connection between researchers.合著一份手稿通常意味着研究者之间存在很强的影响力的关系。

One of the most famous academic co-authors was the 20th-century mathematician Paul Erdös who had over 500 co-authors and published over 1400 technical research papers.最著名的学术和作者之一是20世纪的数学家“Paul Erdös”。

他曾经有超过500个的共著者并且发表了超过1400份的技术研究报告。

It is ironic, or perhaps not, that Erdös is also one of the influencers in building the foundation for the emerging interdisciplinary science of networks, particularly, through his publication with Alfred Rényi of the paper “On Random Graphs” in 1959.不知否是带有讽刺的意味，Erdös还是为新兴的跨学科网络奠定基础影响者之一，特别是1959年，他与“Alfred Rényi”合著的论文《随机图像》的发表。